1
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Chang PC, Yuan X, Zampieri A, Towns C, Yoo SP, Engstrom C, Tsai S, Robles CR, Zhu Y, Lopez S, Montel-Hagen A, Seet CS, Crooks GM. Generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from RAG1 -/-RAG2 -/-B2M -/- stem cells by engineering their microenvironment. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:461-478. [PMID: 38062131 PMCID: PMC11087257 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising source of allogeneic T cells for off-the-shelf immunotherapies. However, the process of differentiating genetically engineered PSCs to generate mature T cells requires that the same molecular elements that are crucial for the selection of these cells be removed to prevent alloreactivity. Here we show that antigen-restricted mature T cells can be generated in vitro from PSCs edited via CRISPR to lack endogenous T cell receptors (TCRs) and class I major histocompatibility complexes. Specifically, we used T cell precursors from RAG1-/-RAG2-/-B2M-/- human PSCs expressing a single TCR, and a murine stromal cell line providing the cognate human major histocompatibility complex molecule and other critical signals for T cell maturation. Possibly owing to the absence of TCR mispairing, the generated T cells showed substantially better tumour control in mice than T cells with an intact endogenous TCR. Introducing the T cell selection components into the stromal microenvironment of the PSCs overcomes inherent biological challenges associated with the development of T cell immunotherapies from allogeneic PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Chang
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre Zampieri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chloe Towns
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sang Pil Yoo
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claire Engstrom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Tsai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amelie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Li S, Wang CS, Montel-Hagen A, Chen HC, Lopez S, Zhou O, Dai K, Tsai S, Satyadi W, Botero C, Wong C, Casero D, Crooks GM, Seet CS. Strength of CAR signaling determines T cell versus ILC differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112241. [PMID: 36906850 PMCID: PMC10315155 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) will enable advances in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding how CARs affect T cell differentiation from PSCs is important for this effort. The recently described artificial thymic organoid (ATO) system supports in vitro differentiation of PSCs to T cells. Unexpectedly, PSCs transduced with a CD19-targeted CAR resulted in diversion of T cell differentiation to the innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2) lineage in ATOs. T cells and ILC2s are closely related lymphoid lineages with shared developmental and transcriptional programs. Mechanistically, we show that antigen-independent CAR signaling during lymphoid development enriched for ILC2-primed precursors at the expense of T cell precursors. We applied this understanding to modulate CAR signaling strength through expression level, structure, and presentation of cognate antigen to demonstrate that the T cell-versus-ILC lineage decision can be rationally controlled in either direction, providing a framework for achieving CAR-T cell development from PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chloe S Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ho-Chung Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shawn Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Olivia Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristy Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William Satyadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlos Botero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Claudia Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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3
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Wang Z, McWilliams-Koeppen HP, Reza H, Ostberg JR, Chen W, Wang X, Huynh C, Vyas V, Chang WC, Starr R, Wagner JR, Aguilar B, Yang X, Wu X, Wang J, Chen W, Koelker-Wolfe E, Seet CS, Montel-Hagen A, Crooks GM, Forman SJ, Brown CE. 3D-organoid culture supports differentiation of human CAR+ iPSCs into highly functional CAR T cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:515-527.e8. [PMID: 35278370 PMCID: PMC9119152 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unlimited generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an attractive approach for "off-the-shelf" CAR T cell immunotherapy. Approaches to efficiently differentiate iPSCs into canonical αβ T cell lineages, while maintaining CAR expression and functionality, however, have been challenging. We report that iPSCs reprogramed from CD62L+ naive and memory T cells followed by CD19-CAR engineering and 3D-organoid system differentiation confers products with conventional CD8αβ-positive CAR T cell characteristics. Expanded iPSC CD19-CAR T cells showed comparable antigen-specific activation, degranulation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine secretion compared with conventional CD19-CAR T cells and maintained homogeneous expression of the TCR derived from the initial clone. iPSC CD19-CAR T cells also mediated potent antitumor activity in vivo, prolonging survival of mice with CD19+ human tumor xenografts. Our study establishes feasible methodologies to generate highly functional CAR T cells from iPSCs to support the development of "off-the-shelf" manufacturing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Helen P McWilliams-Koeppen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hernan Reza
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Julie R Ostberg
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wuyang Chen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christian Huynh
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vibhuti Vyas
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Chung Chang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jamie R Wagner
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Aguilar
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ellery Koelker-Wolfe
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, T Cell Therapeutics Research Laboratories, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
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4
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Pluripotent-derived Mesenchymal Stem/stromal Cells: an Overview of the Derivation Protocol Efficacies and the Differences Among the Derived Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:94-125. [PMID: 34545529 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are remarkable tools for regenerative medicine. Therapeutic approaches using these cells can promote increased activity and viability in several cell types through diverse mechanisms such as paracrine and immunomodulatory activities, contributing substantially to tissue regeneration and functional recovery. However, biological samples of human MSCs, usually obtained from adult tissues, often exhibit variable behavior during in vitro culture, especially with respect to cell population heterogeneity, replicative senescence, and consequent loss of functionality. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish standard protocols to generate high-quality, stable cell cultures, for example, by using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in derivation protocols of MSC-like cells since PSCs maintain their characteristics consistently during culture. However, the available protocols seem to generate distinct populations of PSC-derivedMSCs (PSC-MSCs) with peculiar attributes, which do not always resemble bona fide primary MSCs. The present review addresses the developmental basis behind some of these derivation protocols, exposing the differences among them and discussing the functional properties of PSC-MSCs, shedding light on elements that may help determine standard characterizations and criteria to evaluate and define these cells.
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5
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Organoid-Induced Differentiation of Conventional T Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:376-389.e8. [PMID: 30661959 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has the potential to transform autologous T cell immunotherapy by facilitating universal, off-the-shelf cell products. However, differentiation of human PSCs into mature, conventional T cells has been challenging with existing methods. We report that a continuous 3D organoid system induced an orderly sequence of commitment and differentiation from PSC-derived embryonic mesoderm through hematopoietic specification and efficient terminal differentiation to naive CD3+CD8αβ+ and CD3+CD4+ conventional T cells with a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Introduction of an MHC class I-restricted TCR in PSCs produced naive, antigen-specific CD8αβ+ T cells that lacked endogenous TCR expression and showed anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Functional assays and RNA sequencing aligned PSC-derived T cells with primary naive CD8+ T cells. The PSC-artificial thymic organoid (ATO) system presented here is an efficient platform for generating functional, mature T cells from human PSCs.
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6
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Slukvin II, Kumar A. The mesenchymoangioblast, mesodermal precursor for mesenchymal and endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3507-3520. [PMID: 29992471 PMCID: PMC6328351 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymoangioblast (MB) is the earliest precursor for endothelial and mesenchymal cells originating from APLNR+PDGFRα+KDR+ mesoderm in human pluripotent stem cell cultures. MBs are identified based on their capacity to form FGF2-dependent compact spheroid colonies in a serum-free semisolid medium. MBs colonies are composed of PDGFRβ+CD271+EMCN+DLK1+CD73- primitive mesenchymal cells which are generated through endothelial/angioblastic intermediates (cores) formed during first 3-4 days of clonogenic cultures. MB-derived primitive mesenchymal cells have potential to differentiate into mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. In this review, we summarize the specification and developmental potential of MBs, emphasize features that distinguish MBs from other mesenchymal progenitors described in the literature and discuss the value of these findings for identifying molecular pathways leading to MSC and vasculogenic cell specification, and developing cellular therapies using MB-derived progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53707, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Ct., Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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7
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Ferguson GB, Van Handel B, Bay M, Fiziev P, Org T, Lee S, Shkhyan R, Banks NW, Scheinberg M, Wu L, Saitta B, Elphingstone J, Larson AN, Riester SM, Pyle AD, Bernthal NM, Mikkola HK, Ernst J, van Wijnen AJ, Bonaguidi M, Evseenko D. Mapping molecular landmarks of human skeletal ontogeny and pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocytes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3634. [PMID: 30194383 PMCID: PMC6128860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific gene expression defines cellular identity and function, but knowledge of early human development is limited, hampering application of cell-based therapies. Here we profiled 5 distinct cell types at a single fetal stage, as well as chondrocytes at 4 stages in vivo and 2 stages during in vitro differentiation. Network analysis delineated five tissue-specific gene modules; these modules and chromatin state analysis defined broad similarities in gene expression during cartilage specification and maturation in vitro and in vivo, including early expression and progressive silencing of muscle- and bone-specific genes. Finally, ontogenetic analysis of freshly isolated and pluripotent stem cell-derived articular chondrocytes identified that integrin alpha 4 defines 2 subsets of functionally and molecularly distinct chondrocytes characterized by their gene expression, osteochondral potential in vitro and proliferative signature in vivo. These analyses provide new insight into human musculoskeletal development and provide an essential comparative resource for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B Ferguson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ben Van Handel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Maxwell Bay
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Petko Fiziev
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tonis Org
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ruzanna Shkhyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nicholas W Banks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mila Scheinberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- InVitro Cell Research, LLC, Cockeysville, MD, 21030, USA
| | - Biagio Saitta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Joseph Elphingstone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott M Riester
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas M Bernthal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hanna Ka Mikkola
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jason Ernst
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael Bonaguidi
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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8
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Chin CJ, Li S, Corselli M, Casero D, Zhu Y, He CB, Hardy R, Péault B, Crooks GM. Transcriptionally and Functionally Distinct Mesenchymal Subpopulations Are Generated from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:436-446. [PMID: 29307583 PMCID: PMC5830911 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various mesenchymal cell types have been identified as critical components of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) niche. Although several groups have described the generation of mesenchyme from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the capacity of such cells to support hematopoiesis has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that distinct mesenchymal subpopulations co-emerge from mesoderm during hPSC differentiation. Despite co-expression of common mesenchymal markers (CD73, CD105, CD90, and PDGFRβ), a subset of cells defined as CD146hiCD73hi expressed genes associated with the HSPC niche and supported the maintenance of functional HSPCs ex vivo, while CD146loCD73lo cells supported differentiation. Stromal support of HSPCs was contact dependent and mediated in part through high JAG1 expression and low WNT signaling. Molecular profiling revealed significant transcriptional similarity between hPSC-derived CD146++ and primary human CD146++ perivascular cells. The derivation of functionally diverse types of mesenchyme from hPSCs opens potential avenues to model the HSPC niche and develop PSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Jia Chin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Suwen Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chong Bin He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reef Hardy
- Department of Orthopedics, DGSOM, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bruno Péault
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopedics, DGSOM, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM), University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Broad Stem Cell Research Center (BSCRC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, DGSOM, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Cytoreductive conditioning intensity predicts clonal diversity in ADA-SCID retroviral gene therapy patients. Blood 2017; 129:2624-2635. [PMID: 28351939 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-756734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroviral gene therapy has proved efficacious for multiple genetic diseases of the hematopoietic system, but roughly half of clinical gene therapy trial protocols using gammaretroviral vectors have reported leukemias in some of the patients treated. In dramatic contrast, 39 adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA-SCID) patients have been treated with 4 distinct gammaretroviral vectors without oncogenic consequence. We investigated clonal dynamics and diversity in a cohort of 15 ADA-SCID children treated with gammaretroviral vectors and found clear evidence of genotoxicity, indicated by numerous common integration sites near proto-oncogenes and by increased abundance of clones with integrations near MECOM and LMO2 These clones showed stable behavior over multiple years and never expanded to the point of dominance or dysplasia. One patient developed a benign clonal dominance that could not be attributed to insertional mutagenesis and instead likely resulted from expansion of a transduced natural killer clone in response to chronic Epstein-Barr virus viremia. Clonal diversity and T-cell repertoire, measured by vector integration site sequencing and T-cell receptor β-chain rearrangement sequencing, correlated significantly with the amount of busulfan preconditioning delivered to patients and to CD34+ cell dose. These data, in combination with results of other ADA-SCID gene therapy trials, suggest that disease background may be a crucial factor in leukemogenic potential of retroviral gene therapy and underscore the importance of cytoreductive conditioning in this type of gene therapy approach.
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Vecchi JT, Wakatsuki T. The Stagnant Adaptation of Defined and Xeno-Free Culture of iPSCs in Academia. ARCHIVES OF STEM CELL RESEARCH 2016; 3:1016. [PMID: 29333534 PMCID: PMC5766037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent Stem Cells were originally derived and cultured using a feeder layer of cells. Movements have been undertaken to transition from this method to one more defined, high-throughput, and without xenogenic factors. Tremendous research has been done in this area and many products have been developed, however, based on our analysis of recent publications in stem cell related journals many in academia are still using older methods like a feeder layer. In this short communication, we discuss the feasibility of transitioning to defined, xeno-free methods, how a standardized method could improve the field and industry, and that a study bringing together multiple institutions comparing culture methods could be done to evaluate the efficacy of these new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuro Wakatsuki
- Corresponding author, Tetsuro Wakatsuki, 510 Charmany Dr. Suite 265, Madison, WI, USA, Tel: 608-713-0149; Fax: 888-958-2042;
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