1
|
Laschuk Herlinger A, Lovatto Michaelsen G, Sinigaglia M, Fratini L, Nogueira Debom G, Braganhol E, Brunetto de Farias C, Lunardi Brunetto A, Tesainer Brunetto A, da Cunha Jaeger M, Roesler R. Modulation of Viability, Proliferation, and Stemness by Rosmarinic Acid in Medulloblastoma Cells: Involvement of HDACs and EGFR. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:573-585. [PMID: 37740824 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a heterogeneous group of malignant pediatric brain tumors, divided into molecular groups with distinct biological features and prognoses. Currently available therapy often results in poor long-term quality of life for patients, which will be afflicted by neurological, neuropsychiatric, and emotional sequelae. Identifying novel therapeutic agents capable of targeting the tumors without jeopardizing patients' quality of life is imperative. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a plant-derived compound whose action against a series of diseases including cancer has been investigated, with no side effects reported so far. Previous studies have not examined whether RA has effects in MB. Here, we show RA is cytotoxic against human Daoy (IC50 = 168 μM) and D283 (IC50 = 334 μM) MB cells. Exposure to RA for 48 h reduced histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression while increasing H3K9 hyperacetylation, reduced epidermal growth factor (EGFR) expression, and inhibited EGFR downstream targets extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT in Daoy cells. These modifications were accompanied by increased expression of CDKN1A/p21, reduced expression of SOX2, and a decrease in proliferative rate. Treatment with RA also reduced cancer stem cell markers expression and neurosphere size. Taken together, our findings indicate that RA can reduce cell proliferation and stemness and induce cell cycle arrest in MB cells. Mechanisms mediating these effects may include targeting HDAC1, EGFR, and ERK signaling, and promoting p21 expression, possibly through an increase in H3K9ac and AKT deactivation. RA should be further investigated as a potential anticancer agent in experimental MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Laschuk Herlinger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Lovatto Michaelsen
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-400, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Marialva Sinigaglia
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Digital Metropolis Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-400, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Lívia Fratini
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nogueira Debom
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Algemir Lunardi Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - André Tesainer Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Mariane da Cunha Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, 90620-110, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- National Science and Technology Institute for Children's Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology - INCT BioOncoPed, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Domingo-Muelas A, Morante-Redolat JM, Moncho-Amor V, Jordán-Pla A, Pérez-Villalba A, Carrillo-Barberà P, Belenguer G, Porlan E, Kirstein M, Bachs O, Ferrón SR, Lovell-Badge R, Fariñas I. The rates of adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are linked to cell cycle regulation through p27-dependent gene repression of SOX2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:36. [PMID: 36627412 PMCID: PMC9832098 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell differentiation involves profound changes in global gene expression that often has to occur in coordination with cell cycle exit. Because cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 reportedly regulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subependymal neurogenic niche of the adult mouse brain, but can also have effects on gene expression, we decided to molecularly analyze its role in adult neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. At the cell level, we show that p27 restricts residual cyclin-dependent kinase activity after mitogen withdrawal to antagonize cycling, but it is not essential for cell cycle exit. By integrating genome-wide gene expression and chromatin accessibility data, we find that p27 is coincidentally necessary to repress many genes involved in the transit from multipotentiality to differentiation, including those coding for neural progenitor transcription factors SOX2, OLIG2 and ASCL1. Our data reveal both a direct association of p27 with regulatory sequences in the three genes and an additional hierarchical relationship where p27 repression of Sox2 leads to reduced levels of its downstream targets Olig2 and Ascl1. In vivo, p27 is also required for the regulation of the proper level of SOX2 necessary for neuroblasts and oligodendroglial progenitor cells to timely exit cell cycle in a lineage-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Domingo-Muelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Morante-Redolat
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Moncho-Amor
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- IIS Biodonostia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Jordán-Pla
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Villalba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pau Carrillo-Barberà
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Germán Belenguer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Porlan
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Kirstein
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oriol Bachs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sacri R Ferrón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Fariñas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu X, Li C, Li J, Xie L, Hong Z, Zheng K, Zhao X, Yang A, Xu X, Tao H, Qiu M, Yang J. EGF signaling promotes the lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocytes. Mol Med 2022; 28:50. [PMID: 35508991 PMCID: PMC9066914 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conversion of astrocytes activated by nerve injuries to oligodendrocytes is not only beneficial to axonal remyelination, but also helpful for reversal of glial scar. Recent studies have shown that pathological niche promoted the Sox10-mediated astrocytic transdifferentiation to oligodendrocytes. The extracellular factors underlying the cell fate switching are not known. Methods Astrocytes were obtained from mouse spinal cord dissociation culture and purified by differential adherent properties. The lineage conversion of astrocytes into oligodendrocyte lineage cells was carried out by Sox10-expressing virus infection both in vitro and in vivo, meanwhile, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Gefitinib were adopted to investigate the function of EGF signaling in this fate transition process. Pharmacological inhibition analyses were performed to examine the pathway connecting the EGF with the expression of oligodendrogenic genes and cell fate transdifferentiation. Results EGF treatment facilitated the Sox10-induced transformation of astrocytes to O4+ induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells (iOPCs) in vitro. The transdifferentiation of astrocytes to iOPCs went through two distinct but interconnected processes: (1) dedifferentiation of astrocytes to astrocyte precursor cells (APCs); (2) transformation of APCs to iOPCs, EGF signaling was involved in both processes. And EGF triggered astrocytes to express oligodendrogenic genes Olig1 and Olig2 by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) pathway. In addition, we discovered that EGF can enhance astrocyte transdifferentiation in injured spinal cord tissues. Conclusions These findings provide strong evidence that EGF facilitates the transdifferentiation of astrocytes to oligodendrocytes, and suggest that targeting the EGF-EGFR-Erk1/2 signaling axis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for myelin repair in injured central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-022-00478-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Conghui Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Eugenics and Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Lesi Xie
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zeng Hong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huaping Tao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Junlin Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beiriger J, Habib A, Jovanovich N, Kodavali CV, Edwards L, Amankulor N, Zinn PO. The Subventricular Zone in Glioblastoma: Genesis, Maintenance, and Modeling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:790976. [PMID: 35359410 PMCID: PMC8960165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.790976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor with a median survival rate of 15-16 months with standard care; however, cases of successful treatment offer hope that an enhanced understanding of the pathology will improve the prognosis. The cell of origin in GBM remains controversial. Recent evidence has implicated stem cells as cells of origin in many cancers. Neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) are being evaluated as potential initiators of GBM tumorigenesis. The NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) have demonstrated similar molecular profiles and share several distinctive characteristics to proliferative glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM. Genomic and proteomic studies comparing the SVZ and GBM support the hypothesis that the tumor cells and SVZ cells are related. Animal models corroborate this connection, demonstrating migratory patterns from the SVZ to the tumor. Along with laboratory and animal research, clinical studies have demonstrated improved progression-free survival in patients with GBM after radiation to the ipsilateral SVZ. Additionally, key genetic mutations in GBM for the most part carry regulatory roles in the SVZ as well. An exciting avenue towards SVZ modeling and determining its role in gliomagenesis in the human context is human brain organoids. Here we comprehensively discuss and review the role of the SVZ in GBM genesis, maintenance, and modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Beiriger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nicolina Jovanovich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Chowdari V Kodavali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Lincoln Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tworig JM, Feller MB. Müller Glia in Retinal Development: From Specification to Circuit Integration. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:815923. [PMID: 35185477 PMCID: PMC8856507 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.815923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Müller glia of the retina share many features with astroglia located throughout the brain including maintenance of homeostasis, modulation of neurotransmitter spillover, and robust response to injury. Here we present the molecular factors and signaling events that govern Müller glial specification, patterning, and differentiation. Next, we discuss the various roles of Müller glia in retinal development, which include maintaining retinal organization and integrity as well as promoting neuronal survival, synaptogenesis, and phagocytosis of debris. Finally, we review the mechanisms by which Müller glia integrate into retinal circuits and actively participate in neuronal signaling during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Tworig
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joshua M. Tworig,
| | - Marla B. Feller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
FBXO15 plays a critical suppressive functional role in regulation of breast cancer progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:211. [PMID: 34083507 PMCID: PMC8175582 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
|
7
|
Borges JP, Mekhail K, Fairn GD, Antonescu CN, Steinberg BE. Modulation of Pathological Pain by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642820. [PMID: 34054523 PMCID: PMC8149758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain has been widely recognized as a major public health problem that impacts multiple aspects of patient quality of life. Unfortunately, chronic pain is often resistant to conventional analgesics, which are further limited by their various side effects. New therapeutic strategies and targets are needed to better serve the millions of people suffering from this devastating disease. To this end, recent clinical and preclinical studies have implicated the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in chronic pain states. EGFR is one of four members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases that have key roles in development and the progression of many cancers. EGFR functions by activating many intracellular signaling pathways following binding of various ligands to the receptor. Several of these signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are known mediators of pain. EGFR inhibitors are known for their use as cancer therapeutics but given recent evidence in pilot clinical and preclinical investigations, may have clinical use for treating chronic pain. Here, we review the clinical and preclinical evidence implicating EGFR in pathological pain states and provide an overview of EGFR signaling highlighting how EGFR and its ligands drive pain hypersensitivity and interact with important pain pathways such as the opioid system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazlyn P Borges
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Mekhail
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuo MH, Lee AC, Hsiao SH, Lin SE, Chiu YF, Yang LH, Yu CC, Chiou SH, Huang HN, Ko JC, Chou YT. Cross-talk between SOX2 and TGFβ Signaling Regulates EGFR-TKI Tolerance and Lung Cancer Dissemination. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4426-4438. [PMID: 32816907 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the stemness factor, SOX2, by cytokine stimuli controls self-renewal and differentiation in cells. Activating mutations in EGFR are proven therapeutic targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in lung adenocarcinoma, but acquired resistance to TKIs inevitably occurs. The mechanism by which stemness and differentiation signaling emerge in lung cancers to affect TKI tolerance and lung cancer dissemination has yet to be elucidated. Here, we report that cross-talk between SOX2 and TGFβ signaling affects lung cancer cell plasticity and TKI tolerance. TKI treatment favored selection of lung cancer cells displaying mesenchymal morphology with deficient SOX2 expression, whereas SOX2 expression promoted TKI sensitivity and inhibited the mesenchymal phenotype. Preselection of EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells with the mesenchymal phenotype diminished SOX2 expression and TKI sensitivity, whereas SOX2 silencing induced vimentin, but suppressed BCL2L11, expression and promoted TKI tolerance. TGFβ stimulation downregulated SOX2 and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation accompanied by increased TKI tolerance, which can interfere with ectopic SOX2 expression. SOX2-positive lung cancer cells exhibited a lower dissemination capacity than their SOX2-negative counterparts. Tumors expressing low SOX2 and high vimentin signature were associated with worse survival outcomes in patients with EGFR mutations. These findings provide insights into how cancer cell plasticity regulated by SOX2 and TGFβ signaling affects EGFR-TKI tolerance and lung cancer dissemination. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest the potential of SOX2 as a prognostic marker in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, as SOX2-mediated cell plasticity regulated by TGFβ stimulation and epigenetic control affects EGFR-TKI tolerance and cancer dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - An-Chun Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Xinyi, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Xinyi, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tucheng Branch, Taiwan), New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hao Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cherng Yu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Neng Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Romano R, Bucci C. Role of EGFR in the Nervous System. Cells 2020; 9:E1887. [PMID: 32806510 PMCID: PMC7464966 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the first discovered member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily and plays a fundamental role during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, being involved in growth, differentiation, maintenance and repair of various tissues and organs. The role of EGFR in the regulation of tissue development and homeostasis has been thoroughly investigated and it has also been demonstrated that EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. In the nervous system, other growth factors, and thus other receptors, are important for growth, differentiation and repair of the tissue, namely neurotrophins and neurotrophins receptors. For this reason, for a long time, the role of EGFR in the nervous system has been underestimated and poorly investigated. However, EGFR is expressed both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and it has been demonstrated to have specific important neurotrophic functions, in particular in the central nervous system. This review discusses the role of EGFR in regulating differentiation and functions of neurons and neuroglia. Furthermore, its involvement in regeneration after injury and in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chiu YF, Wu CC, Kuo MH, Miao CC, Zheng MY, Chen PY, Lin SC, Chang JL, Wang YH, Chou YT. Critical role of SOX2-IGF2 signaling in aggressiveness of bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8261. [PMID: 32427884 PMCID: PMC7237425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling elicited by the stem cell factors SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and MYC not only mediates reprogramming of differentiated cells to pluripotency but has also been correlated with tumor malignancy. In this study, we found SOX2 expression signifies poor recurrence-free survival and correlates with advanced pathological grade in bladder cancer. SOX2 silencing attenuated bladder cancer cell growth, while its expression promoted cancer cell survival and proliferation. Under low-serum stress, SOX2 expression promoted AKT phosphorylation and bladder cancer cells’ spheroid-forming capability. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, using MK2206, inhibited the SOX2-mediated spheroid formation of bladder cancer cells. Gene expression profiling showed that SOX2 expression, in turn, induced IGF2 expression, while SOX2 silencing inhibited IGF2 expression. Moreover, knocking down IGF2 and IGF1R diminished bladder cancer cell growth. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R, using linsitinib, also inhibited the SOX2-mediated spheroid formation of bladder cancer cells under low-serum stress. Our findings indicate the SOX2–IGF2 signaling affects the aggressiveness of bladder cancer cell growth. This signaling could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Zheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Laner-Plamberger S, Oeller M, Mrazek C, Hartl A, Sonderegger A, Rohde E, Strunk D, Schallmoser K. Upregulation of mitotic bookmarking factors during enhanced proliferation of human stromal cells in human platelet lysate. J Transl Med 2019; 17:432. [PMID: 31888679 PMCID: PMC6936143 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative human stromal cell therapeutics require xeno-free culture conditions. Various formulations of human platelet lysate (HPL) are efficient alternatives for fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, a consistent lack of standardized manufacturing protocols and quality criteria hampers comparability of HPL-products. Aim of this study was to compare the biochemical composition of three differential HPL-preparations with FBS and to investigate their impact on stromal cell biology. METHODS Stromal cells were isolated from bone marrow (BM), white adipose tissue (WAT) and umbilical cord (UC) and cultured in medium supplemented with pooled HPL (pHPL), fibrinogen-depleted serum-converted pHPL (pHPLS), mechanically fibrinogen-depleted pHPL (mcpHPL) and FBS. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in comparison to standard values in whole blood. Distinct growth factors and cytokines were measured by bead-based multiplex technology. Flow cytometry of stromal cell immunophenotype, in vitro differentiation, and mRNA expression analysis of transcription factors SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, OCT4 and NANOG were performed. RESULTS Biochemical parameters were comparable in all pHPL preparations, but to some extent different to FBS. Total protein, glucose, cholesterol and Na+ were elevated in pHPL preparations, K+ and Fe3+ levels were higher in FBS. Compared to FBS, pHPL-based media significantly enhanced stromal cell propagation. Characteristic immunophenotype and in vitro differentiation potential were maintained in all four culture conditions. The analysis of growth factors and cytokines revealed distinct levels depending on the pre-existence in pHPL, consumption or secretion by the stromal cells. Interestingly, mRNA expression of the transcription and mitotic bookmarking factors cMYC and KLF4 was significantly enhanced in a source dependent manner in stromal cells cultured in pHPL- compared to FBS-supplemented media. SOX2 mRNA expression of all stromal cell types was increased in all pHPL culture conditions. CONCLUSION All pHPL-supplemented media equally supported proliferation of WAT- and UC-derived stromal cells significantly better than FBS. Mitotic bookmarking factors, known to enable a quick re-entry to the cell cycle, were significantly enhanced in pHPL-expanded cells. Our results support a better characterization and standardization of humanized culture media for stromal cell-based medicinal products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michaela Oeller
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Mrazek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Arnulf Hartl
- Institute of Ecomedicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alina Sonderegger
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Salzburg (SALK), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. .,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Starossom SC, Campo Garcia J, Woelfle T, Romero-Suarez S, Olah M, Watanabe F, Cao L, Yeste A, Tukker JJ, Quintana FJ, Imitola J, Witzel F, Schmitz D, Morkel M, Paul F, Infante-Duarte C, Khoury SJ. Chi3l3 induces oligodendrogenesis in an experimental model of autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:217. [PMID: 30644388 PMCID: PMC6333780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neural stem cells (NSCs) can replace damaged oligodendrocytes if the local microenvironment supports the required differentiation process. Although chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) form part of this microenvironment, their function in this differentiation process is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that murine Chitinase 3-like-3 (Chi3l3/Ym1), human Chi3L1 and Chit1 induce oligodendrogenesis. In mice, Chi3l3 is highly expressed in the subventricular zone, a stem cell niche of the adult brain, and in inflammatory brain lesions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We find that silencing Chi3l3 increases severity of EAE. We present evidence that in NSCs Chi3l3 activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thereby inducing Pyk2-and Erk1/2- dependent expression of a pro-oligodendrogenic transcription factor signature. Our results implicate CLP-EGFR-Pyk2-MEK-ERK as a key intrinsic pathway controlling oligodendrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Starossom
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Juliana Campo Garcia
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Woelfle
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvina Romero-Suarez
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Olah
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fumihiro Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ada Yeste
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John J Tukker
- Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology-The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Franziska Witzel
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute of Pathology, Computational Modeling in Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center (NWFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute of Pathology, Computational Modeling in Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samia J Khoury
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee CJ, Sung PL, Kuo MH, Tsai MH, Wang CK, Pan ST, Chen YJ, Wang PH, Wen KC, Chou YT. Crosstalk between SOX2 and cytokine signaling in endometrial carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17550. [PMID: 30510261 PMCID: PMC6277382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is a cancer derived from oncogenesis of the regenerating uterine cavity, in which cytokine stimulation shapes cell differentiation and tissue remodeling. Expression of the stem cell factors SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and MYC has been linked to tumor malignancy in several cancers. However, how these stem cell factors crosstalk with cytokine signaling to promote malignancy in endometrial carcinoma is still elusive. Here we report that the expression of SOX2 and MYC, but not that of OCT4 and NANOG, correlate with poor histological differentiation and prognosis, while SOX2 expression is negatively associated with MYC level. We found that SOX2-high endometrial carcinoma cells possessed a higher colony-forming ability than their SOX2-low counterparts, and knockdown of SOX2 attenuated the colony-forming ability. We observed that SOX2 regulated EGFR expression in a SOX2–EGFR positive feedback loop. EGF stimulation induced SOX2 expression and promoted migration of endometrial carcinoma cells, whereas TGF-β stimulation inhibited SOX2 expression and attenuated the colony-forming ability. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that SOX2 expression correlated with lymph node infiltration of endometrial carcinoma. Our findings support that cytokine-induced stem cell factor SOX2 possesses oncogenic properties, with the potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu, 300, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pi-Lin Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu, 300, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Min-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu, 300, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Cheng-Kuang Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, 356, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shien-Tung Pan
- Department of Pathology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, 433, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kuo-Chang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.). .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu, 300, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Phi LTH, Wijaya YT, Sari IN, Yang YG, Lee YK, Kwon HY. The anti-metastatic effect of ginsenoside Rb2 in colorectal cancer in an EGFR/SOX2-dependent manner. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5621-5631. [PMID: 30264477 PMCID: PMC6246932 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb2, a saponin from Panax ginseng, has been shown to have many functions. However, the effect of ginsenoside Rb2 on the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. CRC cell lines HT29 and SW620 were used to determine the effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on the colony-forming, migration, invasion, and wound-healing abilities of CRC cells in vitro. Further, ginsenoside Rb2 was given intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg of mouse body weight to check its effect on the metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. Ginsenoside Rb2 decreased colony-forming ability, migration, invasion, and wound healing of CRC cells in vitro, although it did not affect cell proliferation. As a possible mechanism, we found that ginsenoside Rb2 down-regulated the expression of stemness and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes via the EGFR/SOX2 signaling axis; these were partially rescued by either exogenous EGF treatment or ectopic expression of SOX2. More importantly, ginsenoside Rb2 significantly reduced the number of metastatic nodules in the livers, lungs, and kidneys in a mouse model of metastasis. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb2 could be used to treat the metastasis of CRC therapeutically or as a supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rizzolio S, Cagnoni G, Battistini C, Bonelli S, Isella C, Van Ginderachter JA, Bernards R, Di Nicolantonio F, Giordano S, Tamagnone L. Neuropilin-1 upregulation elicits adaptive resistance to oncogene-targeted therapies. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3976-3990. [PMID: 29953416 DOI: 10.1172/jci99257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell dependence on activated oncogenes is therapeutically targeted, but acquired resistance is virtually unavoidable. Here we show that the treatment of addicted melanoma cells with BRAF inhibitors, and of breast cancer cells with HER2-targeted drugs, led to an adaptive rise in neuropilin-1 (NRP1) expression, which is crucial for the onset of acquired resistance to therapy. Moreover, NRP1 levels dictated the efficacy of MET oncogene inhibitors in addicted stomach and lung carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, NRP1 induced a JNK-dependent signaling cascade leading to the upregulation of alternative effector kinases EGFR or IGF1R, which in turn sustained cancer cell growth and mediated acquired resistance to BRAF, HER2, or MET inhibitors. Notably, the combination with NRP1-interfering molecules improved the efficacy of oncogene-targeted drugs and prevented or even reversed the onset of resistance in cancer cells and tumor models. Our study provides the rationale for targeting the NRP1-dependent upregulation of tyrosine kinases, which are responsible for loss of responsiveness to oncogene-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rizzolio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cagnoni
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Battistini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonelli
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Oncology Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu W, Lu H, Wang S, Yin W, Liu X, Dong L, Chiu R, Shen L, Lu WJ, Lan F. Suppression of Nestin reveals a critical role for p38-EGFR pathway in neural progenitor cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:87052-87063. [PMID: 27894083 PMCID: PMC5349970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of intermediate filament Nestin is necessary for the neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to maintain stemness, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Nestin is required for the self-renew of NPCs through activating MAPK and EGFR pathways. Knockdown of Nestin by shRNA inhibited cell cycle progression and proliferation in mouse NPCs. Moreover, suppression of Nestin reduced expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NPCs and inhibited the mitogenic effects of EGF on these cells. Treatment of NPCs with p38-MAPK inhibitor PD169316 reversed cell cycle arrest caused by the knockdown of Nestin. Our findings indicate that Nestin promotes NPC proliferation via p38-MAPK and EGFR pathways, and reveals the necessity of these pathways in NPCs self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenhan Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xujie Liu
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Deparment of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Cell Biology Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Chiu
- Deparment of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cell Biology Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Lu
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Lab for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhummaphan N, Pongrakhananon V, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Cancer Stem Cell-Suppressing Activity of Chrysotoxine, a Bibenzyl from Dendrobium pulchellum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:332-346. [PMID: 29217540 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been recognized as rare populations driving cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance in leading cancers. Attempts have been made toward identifying compounds that specifically target these CSCs. Therefore, investigations of novel therapeutic strategies for CSC targeting are required. The cytotoxic effects of chrysotoxine on human non-small cell lung cancer-derived H460 and H23 cells were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of chrysotoxine suppression of CSC-like phenotypes were determined in CSC-rich populations and primary CSCs in three-dimensional (3D) culture and in an extreme limiting dilution assay. Expression of CSC markers and associated proteins was determined by Western blot analyse and flow cytometry. We have reported herein the CSC-suppressing activity of chrysotoxine, a bibenzyl compound isolated from Dendrobium pulchellum We have shown, to our knowledge for the first time, that chrysotoxine dramatically suppresses CSC-like phenotypes of H460 and H23 cells. Treatment with chrysotoxine significantly reduced the viability of 3D CSC-rich populations and concomitantly decreased known CSC markers. Chrysotoxine suppressed CSC phenotypes through downregulation of Src/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. Active (phosphorylated Y416) Src was shown to regulate cancer stemness, since ectopic overexpression of Src strongly activated Akt and subsequently enhanced pluripotency transcription factor SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2)- mediating CSC phenotypes, whereas the short hairpin RNA of Src and an Src inhibitor (dasatinib) suppressed Akt, Sox2, and CSC properties. Importantly, chrysotoxine was shown to suppress active Src/Akt signaling and in turn depleted Sox2-mediated CSCs. Our findings indicate a novel CSC-targeted role of chrysotoxine and its regulation by Src/Akt and Sox2, which may be exploited for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Bhummaphan
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology; and Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology; and Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology; and Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology; and Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Xu P, Qiu L, Zhang M, Huang Y, Zheng JC. CXCR7 Participates in CXCL12-mediated Cell Cycle and Proliferation Regulation in Mouse Neural Progenitor Cells. Curr Mol Med 2017; 16:738-746. [PMID: 27573194 PMCID: PMC5345320 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666160829153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cell cycle regulation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is an essential process for neurogenesis, neural development, and repair after brain trauma. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, CXCL12) and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 are well known in regulating the migration and survival of NPCs. The effects of CXCL12 on NPCs proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and their associated signaling pathways remain unclear. Cyclin D1 is a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle and a known downstream target of β-catenin. Therefore, cyclin D1 plays critical roles of cell cycle regulation, proliferation, and survival in NPCs. Methods: Primary mouse NPCs (mNPCs) were derived from brain tissues of wild-type, Cxcr4 knockout, or Cxcr7 knockout mice at mouse embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). Flow cytometry was used to perform cell cycle analysis by quantitation of DNA content. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expressions, respectively. Ki67 immunostaining and TUNEL assay were used to assess the proliferation and survival of mNPCs, respectively. Results: CXCL12 pretreatment led to the shortening of G0/G1 phase and lengthening of S phase, suggesting that CXCL12 regulates cell cycle progression in mNPCs. Consistently, CXCL12 treatment increased the expression of CyclinD1 and β-catenin, and promoted proliferation and survival of mNPCs. Cxcr7 knockout of mNPCs blocked CXCL12-mediated mNPCs proliferation, whereas Cxcr4 knockout mNPC did not significantly effect CXCL12- mediated mNPCs proliferation. Conclusion: CXCR7 plays an important role in CXCL12-mediated mNPC cell cycle regulation and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Y Huang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; 985930 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5930, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang J, Cheng X, Qi J, Xie B, Zhao X, Zheng K, Zhang Z, Qiu M. EGF Enhances Oligodendrogenesis from Glial Progenitor Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:106. [PMID: 28442994 PMCID: PMC5387051 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling plays a positive role in myelin development and repair, but little is known about its biological effects on the early generation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells. In this study, we investigated the role of EGF in early OL development with isolated glial restricted precursor (GRP) cells. It was found that EGF collaborated with Platelet Derived Growth Factor-AA (PDGFaa) to promote the survival and self-renewal of GRP cells, but predisposed GRP cells to develop into O4- early-stage oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the absence of or PDGFaa. In OPCs, EGF synergized with PDGFaa to maintain their O4 negative antigenic phenotype. Upon PDGFaa withdrawal, EGF promoted the terminal differentiation of OPCs by reducing apoptosis and increasing the number of mature OLs. Together, these data revealed that EGF is an important mitogen to enhance oligodendroglial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Yang
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Cheng
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Qi
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Xie
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- The Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
C9ORF135 encodes a membrane protein whose expression is related to pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45311. [PMID: 28345668 PMCID: PMC5366912 DOI: 10.1038/srep45311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a unique population of cells defined by their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Here, we identified a previously uncharacterized gene in hESCs, C9ORF135, which is sharply downregulated during gastrulation and gametogenesis, along with the pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. Human ESCs express two C9ORF135 isoforms, the longer of which encodes a membrane-associated protein, as determined by immunostaining and western blotting of fractionated cell lysates. Moreover, the results of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), mass spectrometry (MS), and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analyses demonstrated that C9ORF135 expression is regulated by OCT4 and SOX2 and that C9ORF135 interacts with non-muscle myosin IIA and myosin IIB. Collectively, these data indicated that C9ORF135 encodes a membrane-associated protein that may serve as a surface marker for undifferentiated hESCs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng Z, Liu F, Li X, Dai M, Wu J, Guo X, Tian H, Heng Z, Lu Y, Chai X, Wang Y. EGF-mediated EGFR/ERK signaling pathway promotes germinative cell proliferation in Echinococcus multilocularis that contributes to larval growth and development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005418. [PMID: 28241017 PMCID: PMC5344531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Larvae of the tapeworm E. multilocularis cause alveolar echinococcosis (AE), one of the most lethal helminthic infections in humans. A population of stem cell-like cells, the germinative cells, is considered to drive the larval growth and development within the host. The molecular mechanisms controlling the behavior of germinative cells are largely unknown. Methodology/Principal findings Using in vitro cultivation systems we show here that the EGFR/ERK signaling in the parasite can promote germinative cell proliferation in response to addition of human EGF, resulting in stimulated growth and development of the metacestode larvae. Inhibition of the signaling by either the EGFR inhibitors CI-1033 and BIBW2992 or the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 impairs germinative cell proliferation and larval growth. Conclusions/Significance These data demonstrate the contribution of EGF-mediated EGFR/ERK signaling to the regulation of germinative cells in E. multilocularis, and suggest the EGFR/ERK signaling as a potential therapeutic target for AE and perhaps other human cestodiasis. E. multilocularis is considered as one of the most lethal parasitic helminth in humans. It grows like tumors mainly in human liver and infiltrates other tissues, and even metastasizes. It is believed that the parasite possesses a population of stem cell-like cells, the germinative cells. These cells are totipotent, have the ability for extensive self-renewal, and drive the parasite’s development and growth in the host. However, mechanisms controlling the behavior of germinative cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that the highly conserved EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in the parasite promoted germinative cell proliferation upon addition of human EGF (epidermal growth factor) in vitro, resulting in stimulated growth and development of the parasite. Our study provides information important for understanding this mechanism regulating germinative cells and the complex host-parasite interaction, and we hope it will help in developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human helminthic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mengya Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijie Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Survivin Improves Reprogramming Efficiency of Human Neural Progenitors by Single Molecule OCT4. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4729535. [PMID: 27974895 PMCID: PMC5128714 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4729535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from human somatic cells by ectopic expression of four Yamanaka factors. Here, we report that Survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor, can enhance iPS cells generation from human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) together with one factor OCT4 (1F-OCT4-Survivin). Compared with 1F-OCT4, Survivin accelerates the process of reprogramming from human NPCs. The neurocyte-originated induced pluripotent stem (NiPS) cells generated from 1F-OCT4-Survivin resemble human embryonic stem (hES) cells in morphology, surface markers, global gene expression profiling, and epigenetic status. Survivin keeps high expression in both iPS and ES cells. During the process of NiPS cell to neural cell differentiation, the expression of Survivin is rapidly decreased in protein level. The mechanism of Survivin promotion of reprogramming efficiency from NPCs may be associated with stabilization of β-catenin in WNT signaling pathway. This hypothesis is supported by experiments of RT-PCR, chromatin immune-precipitation, and Western blot in human ES cells. Our results showed overexpression of Survivin could improve the efficiency of reprogramming from NPCs to iPS cells by one factor OCT4 through stabilization of the key molecule, β-catenin.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramachandra CJA, Mehta A, Lua CH, Chitre A, Ja KPMM, Shim W. ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: A Molecular Switch Between Cardiac and Neuroectoderm Specification in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2461-2470. [PMID: 27324647 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms determining intrinsic differentiation bias inherent to human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) toward cardiogenic fate remain elusive. We evaluated the interplay between ErbB4 and Epidemal growth factor receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) in determining cardiac differentiation in vitro as these receptor tyrosine kinases are key to heart and brain development in vivo. Our results demonstrate that during cardiac differentiation, cell fate biases exist in hPSCs due to cardiac/neuroectoderm divergence post cardiac mesoderm stage. Stage-specific up-regulation of EGFR in concert with persistent Wnt3a signaling post cardiac mesoderm favors commitment toward neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Inhibition of EGFR abrogates these effects with enhanced (>twofold) cardiac differentiation efficiencies by increasing proliferation of Nkx2-5 expressing cardiac progenitors while reducing proliferation of Sox2 expressing NPCs. Forced overexpression of ErbB4 rescued cardiac commitment by augmenting Wnt11 signaling. Convergence between EGFR/ErbB4 and canonical/noncanonical Wnt signaling determines cardiogenic fate in hPSCs. Stem Cells 2016;34:2461-2470.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Mehta
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular Academic Clinical Program.
| | - Chong Hui Lua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anuja Chitre
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - K P Myu Mai Ja
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Feng R, Wen J. Overview of the roles of Sox2 in stem cell and development. Biol Chem 2015; 396:883-91. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sox2 is well known for its functions in embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, maintenance, and self-renewal, and it is an essential factor in generating inducible pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. It also plays an important role in development and adult tissue homeostasis of different tissues, especially the central nervous system. Increasing evidence has shown that aging is a stemness-related process in which Sox2 is also implicated as a key player, especially in the neural system. These distinct roles that Sox2 plays involve delicate regulatory networks consisting of other master transcription factors, microRNAs and signaling pathways. Additionally, the expression level of Sox2 can also be modulated transcriptionally, translationally or post-translationally. Here we will mainly review the roles of Sox2 in stem cell related development, homeostasis maintenance, aging processes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lamour V, Henry A, Kroonen J, Nokin MJ, von Marschall Z, Fisher LW, Chau TL, Chariot A, Sanson M, Delattre JY, Turtoi A, Peulen O, Rogister B, Castronovo V, Bellahcène A. Targeting osteopontin suppresses glioblastoma stem-like cell character and tumorigenicityin vivo. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1047-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lamour
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Aurélie Henry
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Jérôme Kroonen
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège; Belgium
| | | | - Larry W. Fisher
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS; Bethesda MD
| | - Tieu-Lan Chau
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Alain Chariot
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Marc Sanson
- UMR 975, INSERM-UPMC, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris
| | | | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège; Belgium
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIGA-Development, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège; Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège; Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bernal C, Araya C, Palma V, Bronfman M. PPARβ/δ and PPARγ maintain undifferentiated phenotypes of mouse adult neural precursor cells from the subventricular zone. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:78. [PMID: 25852474 PMCID: PMC4364249 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the main niches of neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Stem and precursor cells in this region are the source for neurogenesis and oligodendrogesis, mainly in the olfactory bulb and corpus callosum, respectively. The identification of the molecular components regulating the decision of these cells to differentiate or maintain an undifferentiated state is important in order to understand the modulation of neurogenic processes in physiological and pathological conditions. PPARs are a group of transcription factors, activated by lipid ligands, with important functions in cellular differentiation and proliferation in several tissues. In this work, we demonstrate that mouse adult neural precursor cells (NPCs), in situ and in vitro, express PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. Pharmacological activation of both PPARs isoforms induces proliferation and maintenance of the undifferentiated phenotype. Congruently, inhibition of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ results in a decrease of proliferation and loss of the undifferentiated phenotype. Interestingly, PPARγ regulates the level of EGFR in adult NPCs, concurrent with it is function described in embryonic NPCs. Furthermore, we describe for the first time that PPARβ/δ regulates SOX2 level in adult NPCs, probably through a direct transcriptional regulation, as we identified two putative PPAR response elements in the promoter region of Sox2. EGFR and SOX2 are key players in neural stem/precursor cells self-renewal. Finally, rosiglitazone, a PPARγ ligand, increases PPARβ/δ level, suggesting a possible cooperation between these two PPARs in the control of cell fate behavior. Our work contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated to neural cell fate decision and places PPARβ/δ and PPARγ as interesting new targets of modulation of mammalian brain homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bernal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Araya
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Development, Faculty of Science, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Bronfman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jung Y, Kim WY. Cancer stem cell targeting: Are we there yet? Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:414-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
Shimozaki K. Sox2 transcription network acts as a molecular switch to regulate properties of neural stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:485-490. [PMID: 25258670 PMCID: PMC4172677 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i4.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) contribute to ontogeny by producing neurons at the appropriate time and location. Neurogenesis from NSCs is also involved in various biological functions in adults. Thus, NSCs continue to exert their effects throughout the lifespan of the organism. The mechanism regulating the core functional properties of NSCs is governed by intra- and extracellular signals. Among the transcription factors that serve as molecular switches, Sox2 is considered a key factor in NSCs. Sox2 forms a core network with partner factors, thereby functioning as a molecular switch. This review discusses how the network of Sox2 partner and target genes illustrates the molecular characteristics of the mechanism underlying the self-renewal and multipotency of NSCs.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
As stem cells (SCs) in adult organs continue to be identified and characterized, it becomes clear that their survival, quiescence, and activation depend on specific signals in their microenvironment, or niche. Although adult SCs of diverse tissues differ by their developmental origin, cycling activity, and regenerative capacity, there appear to be conserved similarities regarding the cellular and molecular components of the SC niche. Interestingly, many organs house both slow-cycling and fast-cycling SC populations, which rely on the coexistence of quiescent and inductive niches for proper regulation. In this review we present a general definition of adult SC niches in the most studied mammalian systems. We further focus on dissecting their cellular organization and on highlighting recently identified key molecular regulators. Finally, we detail the potential involvement of the SC niche in tissue degeneration, with a particular emphasis on aging and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Sennett
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vied CM, Freudenberg F, Wang Y, Raposo AASF, Feng D, Nowakowski RS. A multi-resource data integration approach: identification of candidate genes regulating cell proliferation during neocortical development. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:257. [PMID: 25191221 PMCID: PMC4139594 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons of the mammalian neocortex are produced by proliferating cells located in the ventricular zone (VZ) lining the lateral ventricles. This is a complex and sequential process, requiring precise control of cell cycle progression, fate commitment and differentiation. We have analyzed publicly available databases from mouse and human to identify candidate genes that are potentially involved in regulating early neocortical development and neurogenesis. We used a mouse in situ hybridization dataset (The Allen Institute for Brain Science) to identify 13 genes (Cdon, Celsr1, Dbi, E2f5, Eomes, Hmgn2, Neurog2, Notch1, Pcnt, Sox3, Ssrp1, Tead2, Tgif2) with high correlation of expression in the proliferating cells of the VZ of the neocortex at early stages of development (E15.5). We generated a similar human brain network using microarray and RNA-seq data (BrainSpan Atlas) and identified 407 genes with high expression in the developing human VZ and subventricular zone (SVZ) at 8–9 post-conception weeks. Seven of the human genes were also present in the mouse VZ network. The human and mouse networks were extended using available genetic and proteomic datasets through GeneMANIA. A gene ontology search of the mouse and human networks indicated that many of the genes are involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, mitosis and transcriptional regulation. The reported involvement of Cdon, Celsr1, Dbi, Eomes, Neurog2, Notch1, Pcnt, Sox3, Tead2, and Tgif2 in neural development or diseases resulting from the disruption of neurogenesis validates these candidate genes. Taken together, our knowledge-based discovery method has validated the involvement of many genes already known to be involved in neocortical development and extended the potential number of genes by 100's, many of which are involved in functions related to cell proliferation but others of which are potential candidates for involvement in the regulation of neocortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Vied
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yuting Wang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard S Nowakowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dogan I, Kawabata S, Bergbower E, Gills JJ, Ekmekci A, Wilson W, Rudin CM, Dennis PA. SOX2 expression is an early event in a murine model of EGFR mutant lung cancer and promotes proliferation of a subset of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:1-6. [PMID: 24746758 PMCID: PMC4058091 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary and acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in EGFR mutant lung cancer occurs primarily through secondary mutations in EGFR or Met amplification. Drug resistance can also be mediated by expression of pluripotency transcription factors, such as OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG that decrease terminal differentiation. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of SOX2 in model systems of EGFR mutant tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry was used to assess expression of pluripotency transcription factors in lungs of transgenic mice or in human NSCLC cell lines. Expression of SOX2 was reduced by shRNA knockdown, and response to erlotinib and cellular proliferation were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Induction of mutant EGFR in transgenic CCSP-rtTA/TetO-EGFR(L858R/T790M) mice correlated with increased OCT4 and SOX2 expression in lung tissue prior to tumor development. Established lung tumors retained SOX2 expression. To assess a role for SOX2 in tumorigenesis, a panel of NSCLC cell lines with activating EGFR mutations was assessed for SOX2 expression. Two of six cell lines with mutant EGFR showed detectable SOX2 levels, suggesting SOX2 expression did not correlate with EGFR mutation status. To assess the role of SOX2 in these cell lines, HCC827 and H1975 cells were infected with lentivirus containing SOX2 shRNA. Knockdown of SOX2 decreased proliferation in both cell lines and increased sensitivity to erlotinib in HCC827 cells. Because constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is associated with EGFR TKI resistance, cells were treated with PI3K/AKT inhibitors and expression of SOX2 was examined. PI3K/Akt inhibitors decreased SOX2 expression in a time-dependent manner. These data suggest targeting SOX2 may provide therapeutic benefit in the subset of EGFR-mutant tumors with high constitutive levels of SOX2, and that until more direct means of inhibiting SOX2 are developed, PI3K/Akt inhibitors might be useful to inhibit SOX2 in EGFR TKI resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Dogan
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Shigeru Kawabata
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Bergbower
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joell J Gills
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdullah Ekmekci
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Willie Wilson
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phillip A Dennis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fang J, Zhang T, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou S, Song D, Zhao Y, Feng R, Zhang X, Li L, Wen J. PAX6 downregulates miR-124 expression to promote cell migration during embryonic stem cell differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2297-310. [PMID: 24773074 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PAX6-null mice exhibit defects in multiple organs leading to neonatal lethality, but the mechanism by which this occurs has not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from Pax6-mutant mice and investigated the effect of PAX6 on cell fate during embryoid body (EB) formation. We found that PAX6 promotes cell migration by directly downregulating miR-124, which is important for the fate transition of migratory cells during gastrulation of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Although several downstream targets of miR-124 have been reported, little is known regarding the upstream regulation of miR-124. When we observed EB formation of iPSCs from Pax6-mutant mice, we found that higher levels of miR-124 in Pax6 homozygous EBs (Homo-EBs) inhibited cell migration, whereas inhibition of miR-124 in Homo-EBs rescued the migratory phenotypes associated with PAX6 deficiency. Further, we found that PAX6 binds to the promoter regions of the miR-124-3 gene and directly represses its expression. Therefore, we propose a novel PAX6-miR-124 pathway that controls ES cell migration. Our findings may provide important information for studies on ES cell differentiation and embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- 1 Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Histone methyltransferase G9a and H3K9 dimethylation inhibit the self-renewal of glioma cancer stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:23-30. [PMID: 24833465 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is crucial to keep the self-renewal and the "stemness" states of stem cells, not letting them to differentiate. The actual roles of Histone 3 Lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) and its methyltransferase G9a in this process are still unclear, especially in cancer stem cells. In our study, we found an interesting observation that most CD133-positive cells were H3K9me2 negative, both in glioma tissues and in cultured cells, although most cancer cells were detected to be H3K9me2 immunopositive. This implied that the G9a-dependent H3K9me2 was one of the crucial barriers of cancer stem cell self-renewal. To test the hypothesis, we examined the loss-of-function and gain-of-function of G9a. We found that bix01294, the selective inhibitor of G9a, can stimulate the sphere formation rate of glioma cancer stem cells, together with increasing Sox2 and CD133 expressions. The increase of CD133-active stem cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. On the other aspect, overexpression of G9a increased the H3K9me2 and decreased the sphere formation rate as well as the CD133 and Sox2 expressions. Since H3K9me2 modification is the major repressive switch, we predict that the repressive H3K9me2 modification may happen at the CD133 promoter regions. By chromatin precipitation assay, we confirmed that the CD133 and Sox2 promoter regions were modified by the H3K9me2. Therefore, we concluded that the G9a-dependent H3K9me2 repression on CD133 and Sox2 was one of the main switches of the self-renewal in glioma cancer stem cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lillien L. Rostral-caudal distribution of Emx1-lineage stem/transit amplifying cells and lineage progression in embryonic cortex depend on Hedgehog signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:1096-109. [PMID: 24771701 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lineage progression of neural precursors to an EGF-responsive state can be promoted by several extrinsic signals, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and Hedgehog (Hh). It has been suggested that EGF-responsive precursors in the embryonic cerebral cortex originate in the ventral telencephalon in an FGF-dependent manner and migrate dorsally. To determine whether cortical EGF-responsive cells originate locally from dorsal precursors, we marked these precursors using Emx1-cre and the cre reporter Z/EG and observed a local origin for EGF-responsive cells. We also found a rostral-caudal difference in the abundance of self-renewing, neurogenic Emx1-lineage precursors, with more present rostrally. Deleting the Hh receptor smoothened in Emx-1 lineage cells impaired their progression to an EGF-responsive state. Moreover, loss of smoothened increased the proportion of neurogenic, self-renewing Emx1-lineage cells in caudal regions of cortex, eliminating their asymmetric distribution. Our results support the idea that Hh signaling promotes lineage progression of stem/transit amplifying cells, particularly in caudal regions of the embryonic cortex, leading to rostral-caudal differences in the abundance of neurogenic, self-renewing precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lillien
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1454 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Aloia L, Di Stefano B, Sessa A, Morey L, Santanach A, Gutierrez A, Cozzuto L, Benitah SA, Graf T, Broccoli V, Di Croce L. Zrf1 is required to establish and maintain neural progenitor identity. Genes Dev 2014; 28:182-97. [PMID: 24449271 PMCID: PMC3909791 DOI: 10.1101/gad.228510.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying specification from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and maintenance of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are largely unknown. Recently, we reported that the Zuotin-related factor 1 (Zrf1) is necessary for chromatin displacement of the Polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1). We found that Zrf1 is required for NPC specification from ESCs and that it promotes the expression of NPC markers, including the key regulator Pax6. Moreover, Zrf1 is essential to establish and maintain Wnt ligand expression levels, which are necessary for NPC self-renewal. Reactivation of proper Wnt signaling in Zrf1-depleted NPCs restores Pax6 expression and the self-renewal capacity. ESC-derived NPCs in vitro resemble most of the characteristics of the self-renewing NPCs located in the developing embryonic cortex, which are termed radial glial cells (RGCs). Depletion of Zrf1 in vivo impairs the expression of key self-renewal regulators and Wnt ligand genes in RGCs. Thus, we demonstrate that Zrf1 plays an essential role in NPC generation and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aloia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bhat-Nakshatri P, Goswami CP, Badve S, Sledge GW, Nakshatri H. Identification of FDA-approved drugs targeting breast cancer stem cells along with biomarkers of sensitivity. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2530. [PMID: 23982413 PMCID: PMC3965360 DOI: 10.1038/srep02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed genomics-based tools are allowing repositioning of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs as cancer treatments, which were employed to identify drugs that target cancer stem cells (CSCs) of breast cancer. Gene expression datasets of CSCs from six studies were subjected to connectivity map to identify drugs that may ameliorate gene expression patterns unique to CSCs. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was negatively connected with gene expression in CSCs. ATRA reduced mammosphere-forming ability of a subset of breast cancer cells, which correlated with induction of apoptosis, reduced expression of SOX2 but elevated expression of its antagonist CDX2. SOX2/CDX2 ratio had prognostic relevance in CSC-enriched breast cancers. K-ras mutant breast cancer cell line enriched for CSCs was resistant to ATRA, which was reversed by MAP kinase inhibitors. Thus, ATRA alone or in combination can be tested for efficacy using SOX2, CDX2, and K-ras mutation/MAPK activation status as biomarkers of response.
Collapse
|
38
|
Galvez-Contreras AY, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Gonzalez-Perez O. The role of EGFR and ErbB family related proteins in the oligodendrocyte specification in germinal niches of the adult mammalian brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:258. [PMID: 24381541 PMCID: PMC3865447 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, multipotent progenitor cells have been identified in three areas: the ventricular-subventricular zone (VZ-SVZ), adjacent to the striatal wall of the lateral ventricles, the subgranular zone (SGZ), located at the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subcallosal zone (SCZ), located between the corpus callosum and the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus. The neural progenitor cells of these regions express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB-1 or HER1). EGF, the most important ligand for the EGFR, is a potent mitogenic agent that stimulates proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage. Other ErbB receptors also activate several intracellular pathways for oligodendrocyte specification, migration and survival. However, the specific downstream pathways related to oligodendrogenesis and the hierarchic interaction among intracellular signaling cascades is not well-known. We summarize the current data regarding the role of EGFR and ErbB family signaling on neural stem cells and the downstream cascades involved in oligodendrogenesis in the neurogenic niches of the adult brain. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate proliferation, differentiation, migration of oligodendrocytes and myelination is of critical importance for the field of neurobiology and constitutes a crucial step in the design of stem-cell-based therapies for demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Colima Colima, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chou YT, Lee CC, Hsiao SH, Lin SE, Lin SC, Chung CH, Chung CH, Kao YR, Wang YH, Chen CT, Wei YH, Wu CW. The Emerging Role of SOX2 in Cell Proliferation and Survival and Its Crosstalk with Oncogenic Signaling in Lung Cancer. Stem Cells 2013; 31:2607-19. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Program in Molecular Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiu Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rong Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Urology; Shung Ho Hospital; New Taipei City Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tsun Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Medicine; Mackay Medical College; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
SOX2 plays a critical role in EGFR-mediated self-renewal of human prostate cancer stem-like cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2734-42. [PMID: 24036214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SOX2 is an essential transcription factor for stem cells and plays a role in tumorigenesis, however its role in prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) remains unclear. We report here a significant upregulation of SOX2 at both mRNA and protein levels in DU145 PCSCs propagated as suspension spheres in vitro. The expression of SOX2 in DU145 PCSCs is positively regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Activation of EGFR signaling, following the addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or ectopic expression of a constitutively-active EGFR mutant (EGFRvIII), increased SOX2 expression and the self-renewal of DU145 PCSCs. Conversely, a small molecule EGFR inhibitor (AG1478) blocked EGFR activation, reduced SOX2 expression and inhibited PCSC self-renewal activity, implicating SOX2 in mediating EGFR-dependent self-renewal of PCSCs. In line with this notion, ectopic SOX2 expression enhanced EGF-induced self-renewal of DU145 PCSCs, while SOX2 knockdown reduced PCSC self-renewal with EGF treatment no longer capable of enhancing their propagation. Furthermore, SOX2 knockdown reduced the capacity of DU145 PCSCs to grow under anchorage-independent conditions. Finally, DU145 PCSCs generated xenograft tumors more aggressively with elevated levels of SOX2 expression compared to xenograft tumors derived from non-PCSCs. Collectively, we provide evidence that SOX2 plays a critical role in EGFR-mediated self-renewal of DU145 PCSCs.
Collapse
|
41
|
Annenkov A. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling in the control of neural stem and progenitor cell (NSPC) development. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:440-71. [PMID: 23982746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Important developmental responses are elicited in neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC) by activation of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), including the fibroblast growth factor receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptors and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). Signalling through these RTK is necessary and sufficient for driving a number of developmental processes in the central nervous system. Within each of the four RTK families discussed here, receptors are activated by sets of ligands that do not cross-activate receptors of the other three families, and therefore, their activation can be independently regulated by ligand availability. These RTK pathways converge on a conserved core of signalling molecules, but differences between the receptors in utilisation of signalling molecules and molecular adaptors for intracellular signal propagation become increasingly apparent. Intracellular inhibitors of RTK signalling are widely involved in the regulation of developmental signalling in NSPC and often determine developmental outcomes of RTK activation. In addition, cellular responses of NSPC to the activation of a given RTK may be significantly modulated by signal strength. Cellular propensity to respond also plays a role in developmental outcomes of RTK signalling. In combination, these mechanisms regulate the balance between NSPC maintenance and differentiation during development and in adulthood. Attribution of particular developmental responses of NSPC to specific pathways of RTK signalling becomes increasingly elucidated. Co-activation of several RTK in developing NSPC is common, and analysis of co-operation between their signalling pathways may advance knowledge of RTK role in NSPC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Annenkov
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sarkar A, Hochedlinger K. The sox family of transcription factors: versatile regulators of stem and progenitor cell fate. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:15-30. [PMID: 23290134 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sox family transcription factors are well-established regulators of cell fate decisions during development. Accumulating evidence documents that they play additional roles in adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Remarkably, forced expression of Sox factors, in combination with other synergistic factors, reprograms differentiated cells into somatic or pluripotent stem cells. Dysregulation of Sox factors has been further implicated in diseases including cancer. Here, we review molecular and functional evidence linking Sox proteins with stem cell biology, cellular reprogramming, and disease with an emphasis on Sox2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abby Sarkar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
CXCL12-Mediated Murine Neural Progenitor Cell Movement Requires PI3Kβ Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:217-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
44
|
Sox2 protects neural stem cells from apoptosis via up-regulating survivin expression. Biochem J 2013; 450:459-68. [PMID: 23301561 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Sox2 [SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2] is essential for the regulation of self-renewal and homoeostasis of NSCs (neural stem cells) during brain development. However, the downstream targets of Sox2 and its underlying molecular mechanism are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Sox2 directly up-regulates the expression of survivin, which inhibits the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway in NSCs. Although overexpression of Sox2 elevates survivin expression, knockdown of Sox2 results in a decrease in survivin expression, thereby initiating the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis related to caspase 9 activation. Furthermore, cell apoptosis owing to knockdown of Sox2 can be rescued by ectopically expressing survivin in NSCs as well as in the mouse brain, as demonstrated by an in utero-injection approach. In short, we have found a novel Sox2/survivin pathway that regulates NSC survival and homoeostasis, thus revealing a new mechanism of brain development, neurological degeneration and such aging-related disorders.
Collapse
|
45
|
Li J, Du L, Yang Y, Wang C, Liu H, Wang L, Zhang X, Li W, Zheng G, Dong Z. MiR-429 is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer and exerts its anti-apoptotic function by targeting SOX2. Cancer Lett 2012; 329:84-90. [PMID: 23111103 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to participate in cancer development. In this study, we found that miR-429 expression was up-regulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and the high miR-429 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Functionally, miR-429 overexpression suppressed cell apoptosis by directly targeting SOX2 in HT-29 cells. Taken together, our data suggest for the first time that miR-429 could play an oncogenic role in the cellular processes of CRC and represent a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Oliveira SLB, Pillat MM, Cheffer A, Lameu C, Schwindt TT, Ulrich H. Functions of neurotrophins and growth factors in neurogenesis and brain repair. Cytometry A 2012; 83:76-89. [PMID: 23044513 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification and isolation of multipotent neural stem and progenitor cells in the brain, giving rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes initiated many studies in order to understand basic mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis and repair mechanisms of the nervous system and to develop novel therapeutic strategies for cellular regeneration therapies in brain disease. A previous review (Trujillo et al., Cytometry A 2009;75:38-53) focused on the importance of extrinsic factors, especially neurotransmitters, for directing migration and neurogenesis in the developing and adult brain. Here, we extend our review discussing the effects of the principal growth and neurotrophic factors as well as their intracellular signal transduction on neurogenesis, fate determination and neuroprotective mechanisms. Many of these mechanisms have been elucidated by in vitro studies for which neural stem cells were isolated, grown as neurospheres, induced to neural differentiation under desired experimental conditions, and analyzed for embryonic, progenitor, and neural marker expression by flow and imaging cytometry techniques. The better understanding of neural stem cells proliferation and differentiation is crucial for any therapeutic intervention aiming at neural stem cell transplantation and recruitment of endogenous repair mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L B Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh S, Trevino J, Bora-Singhal N, Coppola D, Haura E, Altiok S, Chellappan SP. EGFR/Src/Akt signaling modulates Sox2 expression and self-renewal of stem-like side-population cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:73. [PMID: 23009336 PMCID: PMC3497614 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for the initiation and progression of cancers. In non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), Hoechst 33342 dye effluxing side population (SP) cells are shown to have stem cell like properties. The oncogenic capacity of cancer stem-like cells is in part due to their ability to self-renew; however the mechanistic correlation between oncogenic pathways and self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells has remained elusive. Here we characterized the SP cells at the molecular level and evaluated its ability to generate tumors at the orthotopic site in the lung microenvironment. Further, we investigated if the self-renewal of SP cells is dependent on EGFR mediated signaling. Results SP cells were detected and isolated from multiple NSCLC cell lines (H1650, H1975, A549), as well as primary human tumor explants grown in nude mice. SP cells demonstrated stem-like properties including ability to self-renew and grow as spheres; they were able to generate primary and metastatic tumors upon orthotopic implantation into the lung of SCID mice. In vitro study revealed elevated expression of stem cell associated markers like Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as well as demonstrated intrinsic epithelial to mesenchymal transition features in SP cells. Further, we show that abrogation of EGFR, Src and Akt signaling through pharmacological or genetic inhibitors suppresses the self-renewal growth and expansion of SP-cells and resulted in specific downregulation of Sox2 protein expression. siRNA mediated depletion of Sox2 significantly blocked the SP phenotype as well as its self-renewal capacity; whereas other transcription factors like Oct4 and Nanog played a relatively lesser role in regulating self-renewal. Interestingly, Sox2 was elevated in metastatic foci of human NSCLC samples. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Sox2 is a novel target of EGFR-Src-Akt signaling in NSCLCs that modulates self-renewal and expansion of stem-like cells from NSCLC. Therefore, the outcome of the EGFR-Src-Akt targeted therapy may rely upon the expression and function of Sox2 within the NSCLC-CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Department of Tumor Biology, H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
López-Juárez A, Remaud S, Hassani Z, Jolivet P, Pierre Simons J, Sontag T, Yoshikawa K, Price J, Morvan-Dubois G, Demeneix BA. Thyroid hormone signaling acts as a neurogenic switch by repressing Sox2 in the adult neural stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10:531-43. [PMID: 22560077 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem cell niche contains mixed populations of stem cells, transit-amplifying cells, and migrating neuroblasts. Deciphering how endogenous signals, such as hormones, affect the balance between these cell types is essential for understanding the physiology of niche plasticity and homeostasis. We show that Thyroid Hormone (T(3)) and its receptor, TRα1, are directly involved in maintaining this balance. TRα1 is expressed in amplifying and migrating cells. In vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrate first, that T(3)/TRα1 directly repress Sox2 expression, and second, that TRα1 overexpression in the niche favors the appearance of DCX+ migrating neuroblasts. Lack of TRα increases numbers of SOX2+ cells in the SVZ. Hypothyroidism increases proportions of cells in interphase. Thus, in the adult SVZ, T(3)/TRα1 together favor neural stem cell commitment and progression toward a migrating neuroblast phenotype; this transition correlates with T(3)/TRα1-dependent transcriptional repression of Sox2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra López-Juárez
- UMR CNRS 7221, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thirant C, Galan-Moya EM, Dubois LG, Pinte S, Chafey P, Broussard C, Varlet P, Devaux B, Soncin F, Gavard J, Junier MP, Chneiweiss H. Differential proteomic analysis of human glioblastoma and neural stem cells reveals HDGF as a novel angiogenic secreted factor. Stem Cells 2012; 30:845-53. [PMID: 22331796 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Presence in glioblastomas of cancer cells with normal neural stem cell (NSC) properties, tumor initiating capacity, and resistance to current therapies suggests that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) play central roles in glioblastoma development. We cultured human GSCs endowed with all features of tumor stem cells, including tumor initiation after xenograft and radio-chemoresistance. We established proteomes from four GSC cultures and their corresponding whole tumor tissues (TTs) and from human NSCs. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry revealed a twofold increase of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in GSCs as compared to TTs and NSCs. Western blot analysis confirmed HDGF overexpression in GSCs as well as its presence in GSC-conditioned medium, while, in contrast, no HDGF was detected in NSC secretome. At the functional level, GSC-conditioned medium induced migration of human cerebral endothelial cells that can be blocked by anti-HDGF antibodies. In vivo, GSC-conditioned medium induced neoangiogenesis, whereas HDGF-targeting siRNAs abrogated this effect. Altogether, our results identify a novel candidate, by which GSCs can support neoangiogenesis, a high-grade glioma hallmark. Our strategy illustrates the usefulness of comparative proteomic analysis to decipher molecular pathways, which underlie GSC properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Thirant
- INSERM U894, Psychiatry and Neuroscience Center, Glial Plasticity Team, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sinor-Anderson A, Lillien L. Akt1 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptors and hedgehog signaling to increase stem/transit amplifying cells in the embryonic mouse cortex. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 71:759-71. [PMID: 21312341 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A subset of precursors in the embryonic mouse cortex and in neurospheres expresses a higher level of the serine/threonine kinase Akt1 than neighboring precursors. We reported previously that the functional significance of high Akt1 expression was enhanced Akt1 activity, resulting in an increase in survival, proliferation, and self-renewal of multipotent stem/transit amplifying cells. Akt1 can interact with a number of signaling pathways, but the extrinsic factors that are required for specific effects of elevated Akt1 expression have not been identified. In this study we addressed the contributions of signaling via epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hedgehog (Hh) receptors. In EGF receptor-null precursors or following transient inhibition of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity, elevating Akt1 by retroviral transduction could still increase survival and proliferation but could not increase self-renewal. We also found that elevated Akt1 expression induced the expression of EGF receptors (EGFRs) in wild-type precursors. Several extrinsic factors, including Shh, can induce EGFR expression by cortical precursors, and we found that elevating Akt1 allowed them to respond to a subthreshold concentration of Shh to induce EGFRs. In precursors that lack the Hh receptor smoothened, however, elevating Akt1 did not increase EGFR expression or self-renewal, though it could still stimulate proliferation. These findings suggest that a subset of precursors in the embryonic cortex that express an elevated level of Akt1 can respond to lower concentrations of Shh than neighboring precursors, resulting in an increase in their expression of EGFRs. Signaling via EGFRs is required for their self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Sinor-Anderson
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|