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Velankar K, Liu W, Hartmeier PR, Veleke SR, Reddy GA, Clegg B, Gawalt ES, Fan Y, Meng WS. Fibril-Guided Three-Dimensional Assembly of Human Fibroblastic Reticular Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3953-3963. [PMID: 38805413 PMCID: PMC11190984 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are stromal cells (SCs) that can be isolated from lymph node (LN) biopsies. Studies have shown that these nonhematopoietic cells have the capacity to shape and regulate adaptive immunity and can become a form of personalized cell therapy. Successful translational efforts, however, require the cells to be formulated as injectable units, with their native architecture preserved. The intrinsic reticular organization of FRCs, however, is lost in the monolayer cultures. Organizing FRCs into three-dimensional (3D) clusters would recapitulate their structural and functional attributes. Herein, we report a scaffolding method based on the self-assembling peptide (SAP) EAKII biotinylated at the N-terminus (EAKbt). Cross-linking with avidin transformed the EAKbt fibrils into a dense network of coacervates. The combined forces of fibrillization and bioaffinity interactions in the cross-linked EAKbt likely drove the cells into a cohesive 3D reticula. This facile method of generating clustered FRCs (clFRCs) can be completed within 10 days. In vitro clFRCs attracted the infiltration of T cells and rendered an immunosuppressive milieu in the cocultures. These results demonstrate the potential of clFRCs as a method for stromal cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki
Y. Velankar
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Wen Liu
- Allegheny
Health Network Cancer Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Paul R. Hartmeier
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Samuel R. Veleke
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Gayathri Aparnasai Reddy
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Benjamin Clegg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Ellen S. Gawalt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
- McGowan
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yong Fan
- Allegheny
Health Network Cancer Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15212, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wilson S. Meng
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne
University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15282, United States
- McGowan
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Jing M, Xiong X, Mao X, Song Q, Zhang L, Ouyang Y, Pang Y, Fu Y, Yan W. HMGB1 promotes mitochondrial transfer between hepatocellular carcinoma cells through RHOT1 and RAC1 under hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:155. [PMID: 38378644 PMCID: PMC10879213 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transfer plays an important role in various diseases, and many mitochondrial biological functions can be regulated by HMGB1. To explore the role of mitochondrial transfer in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with HMGB1, field emission scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were used to detect the mitochondrial transfer between HCC cells. We found that mitochondrial transfer between HCC cells was confirmed using tunnel nanotubes (TNTs). The transfer of mitochondria from the highly invasive HCC cells to the less invasive HCC cells could enhance the migration and invasion ability of the latter. The hypoxic conditions increased the mitochondrial transfer between HCC cells. Then the mechanism was identified using co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that RHOT1, a mitochondrial transport protein, promoted mitochondrial transfer and the migration and metastasis of HCC cells during this process. Under hypoxia, HMGB1 further regulated RHOT1 expression by increasing the expression of NFYA and NFYC subunits of the NF-Y complex. RAC1, a protein associated with TNTs formation, promoted mitochondrial transfer and HCC development. Besides, HMGB1 regulated RAC1 aggregation to the cell membrane under hypoxia. Finally, the changes and significance of related molecules in clinical samples of HCC were analyzed using bioinformatics and tissue microarray analyses. We found that HCC patients with high HMGB1, RHOT1, or RAC1 expression exhibited a relatively shorter overall survival period. In conclusion, under hypoxic conditions, HMGB1 promoted mitochondrial transfer and migration and invasion of HCC cells by increasing the expression of mitochondrial transport protein RHOT1 and TNTs formation-related protein RAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianben Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lumiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yiming Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yingzhi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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Karpenko DV. Immune Privileges as a Result of Mutual Regulation of Immune and Stem Systems. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1818-1831. [PMID: 38105201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune privileges of cancer stem cells is a well-known and widely studied problem, as presence of such cells in tumors is associated with refractoriness, recurrence, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also suggests presence of immune privileges in non-pathological stem cells in addition to their other defense mechanisms against damaging factors. This similarity between pathological and normal stem cells raises the question of why stem cells have such a potentially dangerous property. Regulation of vital processes of autoimmunity control and regeneration realized through interactions between immune cells, stem cells, and their microenvironment are reviewed in this work as causes of formation of the stem cell immune privilege. Deep mutual integration between regulations of stem and immune cells is noted. Considering diversity and complexity of mutual regulation of stem cells, their microenvironment, and immune system, I suggest the term "stem system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Karpenko
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 125167, Russia.
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4
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Sui BD, Zheng CX, Zhao WM, Xuan K, Li B, Jin Y. Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1899-1964. [PMID: 36656056 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The teeth are vertebrate-specific, highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability for self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory, and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and in particular an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have achieved functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in humans. The discussion of this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan-Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Raik S, Sharma P, Kumar S, Rattan V, Das A, Kumar N, Srinivasan R, Bhattacharyya S. Three-dimensional spheroid culture of dental pulp-derived stromal cells enhance their biological and regenerative properties for potential therapeutic applications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:106422. [PMID: 37172928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) spheroids generated in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system serve as a surrogate model that maintain stem cell characteristics since these mimic the in vivo behavior of cells and tissue more closely. Our study involved a detailed characterization of the spheroids generated in ultra-low attachment flasks. The spheroids were evaluated and compared for their morphology, structural integrity, viability, proliferation, biocomponents, stem cell phenotype and differentiation abilities with monolayer culture derived cells (2D culture). The in-vivo therapeutic efficacy of DPSCs derived from 2D and 3D culture was also assessed by transplanting them in an animal model of the critical-sized calvarial defect. DPSCs formed compact and well-organized multicellular spheroids when cultured in ultra-low attachment condition with superior stemness, differentiation, and regenerative abilities than monolayer cells. They maintained lower proliferative state and showed marked difference in the cellular biocomponents such as lipid, amide and nucleic acid between DPSCs from 2D and 3D cultures. The scaffold-free 3D culture efficiently preserves DPSCs intrinsic properties and functionality by maintaining them in the state close to the native tissues. The scaffold free 3D culture methods allow easy collection of a large number of multicellular spheroids of DPSCs and therefore, this can be adopted as a feasible and efficient method of generating robust spheroids for various in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakshi Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Department of Oral Health Sciences, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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6
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Justin M, Randl ER, Kononenko V, Hočevar M, Drobne D, Rožman P. Morphological Characteristics of Young and Old Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches, as Modeled In Vitro. SCANNING 2023; 2023:5541050. [PMID: 37096016 PMCID: PMC10122596 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5541050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche undergoes detrimental changes with age. The molecular differences between young and old niches are well studied and understood; however, young and old niches have not yet been extensively characterized in terms of morphology. In the present work, a 2D stromal model of young and old HSC niches isolated from bone marrow was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize cell density after one, two, or three weeks of culturing, cell shape, and cell surface morphological features. Our work is aimed at identifying morphological differences between young and old niche cells that could be used to discriminate between their respective murine HSC niches. The results show several age-specific morphological characteristics. The old niches differ from the young ones in terms of lower cell proliferating capacity, increased cell size with a flattened appearance, increased number of adipocytes, and the presence of tunneling nanotubes. In addition, proliferating cell clusters are present in the young niches but not in the old niches. Together, these characteristics could be used as a relatively simple and reliable tool to discriminate between young and old murine HSC niches and as a complementary approach to imaging with specific cellular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Justin
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ema Rogač Randl
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Veno Kononenko
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Primož Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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7
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In Vitro and In Vivo Modeling of Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow Niches: Cellular Senescence Contribution to Leukemia Induction and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137350. [PMID: 35806354 PMCID: PMC9266537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is recognized as a dynamic process in which cells evolve and adapt in a context dependent manner; consequently, senescent cells can exert both beneficial and deleterious effects on their surroundings. Specifically, senescent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in the bone marrow (BM) have been linked to the generation of a supporting microenvironment that enhances malignant cell survival. However, the study of MSC’s senescence role in leukemia development has been straitened not only by the availability of suitable models that faithfully reflect the structural complexity and biological diversity of the events triggered in the BM, but also by the lack of a universal, standardized method to measure senescence. Despite these constraints, two- and three dimensional in vitro models have been continuously improved in terms of cell culture techniques, support materials and analysis methods; in addition, research on animal models tends to focus on the development of techniques that allow tracking leukemic and senescent cells in the living organism, as well as to modify the available mice strains to generate individuals that mimic human BM characteristics. Here, we present the main advances in leukemic niche modeling, discussing advantages and limitations of the different systems, focusing on the contribution of senescent MSC to leukemia progression.
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8
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Jiang Z, Li N, Shao Q, Zhu D, Feng Y, Wang Y, Yu M, Ren L, Chen Q, Yang G. Light-controlled scaffold- and serum-free hard palatal-derived mesenchymal stem cell aggregates for bone regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10334. [PMID: 36684075 PMCID: PMC9842060 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell aggregates that mimic in vivo cell-cell interactions are promising and powerful tools for tissue engineering. This study isolated a new, easily obtained, population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from rat hard palates named hard palatal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). The PMSCs were positive for CD90, CD44, and CD29 and negative for CD34, CD45, and CD146. They exhibited clonogenicity, self-renewal, migration, and multipotent differentiation capacities. Furthermore, this study fabricated scaffold-free 3D aggregates using light-controlled cell sheet technology and a serum-free method. PMSC aggregates were successfully constructed with good viability. Transplantation of the PMSC aggregates and the PMSC aggregate-implant complexes significantly enhanced bone formation and implant osseointegration in vivo, respectively. This new cell resource is easy to obtain and provides an alternative strategy for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qin Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yuting Feng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengjia Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lingfei Ren
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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9
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Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Vernot JP. Bone Marrow Aging and the Leukaemia-Induced Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Exploring Similarities. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050716. [PMID: 35629139 PMCID: PMC9147878 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow aging is associated with multiple cellular dysfunctions, including perturbed haematopoiesis, the propensity to haematological transformation, and the maintenance of leukaemia. It has been shown that instructive signals from different leukemic cells are delivered to stromal cells to remodel the bone marrow into a supportive leukemic niche. In particular, cellular senescence, a physiological program with both beneficial and deleterious effects on the health of the organisms, may be responsible for the increased incidence of haematological malignancies in the elderly and for the survival of diverse leukemic cells. Here, we will review the connection between BM aging and cellular senescence and the role that these processes play in leukaemia progression. Specifically, we discuss the role of mesenchymal stem cells as a central component of the supportive niche. Due to the specificity of the genetic defects present in leukaemia, one would think that bone marrow alterations would also have particular changes, making it difficult to envisage a shared therapeutic use. We have tried to summarize the coincident features present in BM stromal cells during aging and senescence and in two different leukaemias, acute myeloid leukaemia, with high frequency in the elderly, and B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, mainly a childhood disease. We propose that mesenchymal stem cells are similarly affected in these different leukaemias, and that the changes that we observed in terms of cellular function, redox balance, genetics and epigenetics, soluble factor repertoire and stemness are equivalent to those occurring during BM aging and cellular senescence. These coincident features may be used to explore strategies useful to treat various haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Jean-Paul Vernot
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Yang Y, Liu S, He C, Lv T, Zeng L, Zhang F, Chen H, Zhao RC. LncRNA LYPLAL1-AS1 rejuvenates human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell senescence via transcriptional MIRLET7B inactivation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:45. [PMID: 35449031 PMCID: PMC9022335 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) senescence is a phenotype of aging. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as potential key regulators of senescence. However, the role of lncRNAs in MSC senescence remains largely unknown. Results We performed transcriptome analysis in senescent human adipose-derived MSCs (hADSCs) and identified that the lncRNA LYPLAL1 antisense RNA1 (LYPLAL1-AS1) was significantly downregulated in senescent hADSCs. LYPLAL1-AS1 expression in peripheral blood was lower in middle-aged healthy donors than in young adult donors, and correlated negatively with age. Knockdown of LYPLAL1-AS1 accelerated hADSC senescence, while LYPLAL1-AS1 overexpression attenuated it. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) sequencing indicated that LYPLAL1-AS1 bound to the MIRLET7B promoter region and suppressed its transcription activity, as demonstrated by dual-luciferase assay. miR-let-7b, the transcript of MIRLET7B, was upregulated during hADSC senescence and was regulated by LYPLAL1-AS1. Furthermore, miR-let-7b mimics promoted hADSC senescence, while the inhibitors repressed it. Finally, LYPLAL1-AS1 overexpression reversed miR-let-7b-induced hADSC senescence. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that LYPLAL1-AS1 rejuvenates hADSCs through the transcriptional inhibition of MIRLET7B. Our work provides new insights into the mechanism of MSC senescence and indicates lncRNA LYPLAL1-AS1 and miR-let-7b as potential therapeutic targets in aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00782-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, China
| | - Suying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Chengmei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Taibiao Lv
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), Beijing, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Watt SM. The long and winding road: homeostatic and disordered haematopoietic microenvironmental niches: a narrative review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:31-54. [PMID: 35837343 PMCID: PMC9255786 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic microenvironmental niches have been described as the 'gatekeepers' for the blood and immune systems. These niches change during ontogeny, with the bone marrow becoming the predominant site of haematopoiesis in post-natal life under steady state conditions. To determine the structure and function of different haematopoietic microenvironmental niches, it is essential to clearly define specific haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell subsets during ontogeny and to understand their temporal appearance and anatomical positioning. A variety of haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells contribute to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niches. The latter is reported to include endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), skeletal stem cells and/or C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-abundant-reticular cell populations, which form crucial components of these microenvironments under homeostatic conditions. Dysregulation or deterioration of such cells contributes to significant clinical disorders and diseases worldwide and is associated with the ageing process. A critical appraisal of these issues and of the roles of MSC/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-abundant-reticular cells and the more recently identified skeletal stem cell subsets in bone marrow haematopoietic niche function under homeostatic conditions and during ageing will form the basis of this research review. In the context of haematopoiesis, clinical translation will deal with lessons learned from the vast experience garnered from the development and use of MSC therapies to treat graft versus host disease in the context of allogeneic haematopoietic transplants, the recent application of these MSC therapies to treating emerging and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, and, given that skeletal stem cell ageing is one proposed driver for haematopoietic ageing, the potential contributions of these stem cells to haematopoiesis in healthy bone marrow and the benefits and challenges of using this knowledge for rejuvenating the age-compromised bone marrow haematopoietic niches and restoring haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia,Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia,Corresponding author: Suzanne M. Watt., or
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12
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Specialized Intercellular Communications via Tunnelling Nanotubes in Acute and Chronic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030659. [PMID: 35158927 PMCID: PMC8833474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cytoplasmic channels which regulate the contacts between cells and allow the transfer of several elements, including ions, mitochondria, microvesicles, exosomes, lysosomes, proteins, and microRNAs. Through this transport, TNTs are implicated in different physiological and pathological phenomena, such as immune response, cell proliferation and differentiation, embryogenesis, programmed cell death, and angiogenesis. TNTs can promote cancer progression, transferring substances capable of altering apoptotic dynamics, modifying the metabolism and energy balance, inducing changes in immunosurveillance, or affecting the response to chemotherapy. In this review, we evaluated their influence on hematologic malignancies’ progression and resistance to therapies, focusing on acute and chronic myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemia. Abstract Effectual cell-to-cell communication is essential to the development and differentiation of organisms, the preservation of tissue tasks, and the synchronization of their different physiological actions, but also to the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are membrane-enclosed tubular connections between cells that carry a multiplicity of cellular loads, such as exosomes, non-coding RNAs, mitochondria, and proteins, and they have been identified as the main participants in healthy and tumoral cell communication. TNTs have been described in numerous tumors in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models favoring the onset and progression of tumors. Tumor cells utilize TNT-like membranous channels to transfer information between themselves or with the tumoral milieu. As a result, tumor cells attain novel capabilities, such as the increased capacity of metastasis, metabolic plasticity, angiogenic aptitude, and chemoresistance, promoting tumor severity. Here, we review the morphological and operational characteristics of TNTs and their influence on hematologic malignancies’ progression and resistance to therapies, focusing on acute and chronic myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemia. Finally, we examine the prospects and challenges for TNTs as a therapeutic approach for hematologic diseases by examining the development of efficient and safe drugs targeting TNTs.
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13
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Zhang K, Sun Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Guo A, Zhang Y. Intercellular transport of Tau protein and β-amyloid mediated by tunneling nanotubes. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12509-12522. [PMID: 34956469 PMCID: PMC8661147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin channel-like structures connecting distant cells, providing a route for intercellular communication. In this study, we investigated the physical properties, including the cytoskeletal components, length and diameter, of the TNTs formed by HEK293T, U87 MG, and U251 cell lines. We found that organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies can be transported through TNTs, indicating that TNTs can mediate material transport. Moreover, we investigated the transport of the Tau protein and β-amyloid (Aβ), which are both closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, through TNTs. The results showed that TNTs formed by various neuronal cell lines can mediate the transport of different forms of the Tau protein and fluorescently labeled Aβ and that this transport is bidirectional, with different velocities in various cell lines. Our results confirmed the transport of the Tau protein and Aβ between cells and provided a possible explanation for the cascade of cell death in specific brain regions during the progression of AD. Our findings suggest new possibilities for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing 100871, China
| | - Zehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing 100871, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing 100871, China
| | - Angyang Guo
- Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijing 100871, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing 100871, China
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14
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Wang F, Chen X, Cheng H, Song L, Liu J, Caplan S, Zhu L, Wu JY. MICAL2PV suppresses the formation of tunneling nanotubes and modulates mitochondrial trafficking. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52006. [PMID: 34096155 PMCID: PMC8366454 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-rich structures that connect two or more cells and mediate cargo exchange between spatially separated cells. TNTs transport signaling molecules, vesicles, organelles, and even pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating TNT formation remain unclear and little is known about the endogenous mechanisms suppressing TNT formation in lung cancer cells. Here, we report that MICAL2PV, a splicing isoform of the neuronal guidance gene MICAL2, is a novel TNT regulator that suppresses TNT formation and modulates mitochondrial distribution. MICAL2PV interacts with mitochondrial Rho GTPase Miro2 and regulates subcellular mitochondrial trafficking. Moreover, down-regulation of MICAL2PV enhances survival of cells treated with chemotherapeutical drugs. The monooxygenase (MO) domain of MICAL2PV is required for its activity to inhibit TNT formation by depolymerizing F-actin. Our data demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of MICAL2 in TNT formation and mitochondrial trafficking. Furthermore, our study uncovers a role of the MICAL2PV-Miro2 axis in mitochondrial trafficking, providing a mechanistic explanation for MICAL2PV activity in suppressing TNT formation and in modulating mitochondrial subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Haipeng Cheng
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jane Y Wu
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
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15
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Barutta F, Kimura S, Hase K, Bellini S, Corbetta B, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Barreca A, Papotti MG, Ghiggeri GM, Salvidio G, Roccatello D, Audrito V, Deaglio S, Gambino R, Bruno S, Camussi G, Martini M, Hirsch E, Durazzo M, Ohno H, Gruden G. Protective Role of the M-Sec-Tunneling Nanotube System in Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1114-1130. [PMID: 33722931 PMCID: PMC8259684 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte dysfunction and loss are major determinants in the development of proteinuria. FSGS is one of the most common causes of proteinuria, but the mechanisms leading to podocyte injury or conferring protection against FSGS remain poorly understood. The cytosolic protein M-Sec has been involved in the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), membrane channels that transiently connect cells and allow intercellular organelle transfer. Whether podocytes express M-Sec is unknown and the potential relevance of the M-Sec-TNT system in FSGS has not been explored. METHODS We studied the role of the M-Sec-TNT system in cultured podocytes exposed to Adriamycin and in BALB/c M-Sec knockout mice. We also assessed M-Sec expression in both kidney biopsies from patients with FSGS and in experimental FSGS (Adriamycin-induced nephropathy). RESULTS Podocytes can form TNTs in a M-Sec-dependent manner. Consistent with the notion that the M-Sec-TNT system is cytoprotective, podocytes overexpressed M-Sec in both human and experimental FSGS. Moreover, M-Sec deletion resulted in podocyte injury, with mitochondrial abnormalities and development of progressive FSGS. In vitro, M-Sec deletion abolished TNT-mediated mitochondria transfer between podocytes and altered mitochondrial bioenergetics. Re-expression of M-Sec reestablishes TNT formation and mitochondria exchange, rescued mitochondrial function, and partially reverted podocyte injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the M-Sec-TNT system plays an important protective role in the glomeruli by rescuing podocytes via mitochondrial horizontal transfer. M-Sec may represent a promising therapeutic target in FSGS, and evidence that podocytes can be rescued via TNT-mediated horizontal transfer may open new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barutta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefania Bellini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Salvidio
- Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), San Martino University Hospital Clinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gabriella Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Cordero Cervantes D, Zurzolo C. Peering into tunneling nanotubes-The path forward. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105789. [PMID: 33646572 PMCID: PMC8047439 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of Tunneling Nanotubes (TNTs) and TNT-like structures signified a critical turning point in the field of cell-cell communication. With hypothesized roles in development and disease progression, TNTs' ability to transport biological cargo between distant cells has elevated these structures to a unique and privileged position among other mechanisms of intercellular communication. However, the field faces numerous challenges-some of the most pressing issues being the demonstration of TNTs in vivo and understanding how they form and function. Another stumbling block is represented by the vast disparity in structures classified as TNTs. In order to address this ambiguity, we propose a clear nomenclature and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge concerning TNTs. We also discuss their structure, formation-related pathways, biological function, as well as their proposed role in disease. Furthermore, we pinpoint gaps and dichotomies found across the field and highlight unexplored research avenues. Lastly, we review the methods employed to date and suggest the application of new technologies to better understand these elusive biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut PasteurMembrane Traffic and PathogenesisParisFrance
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17
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Bicer M, Cottrell GS, Widera D. Impact of 3D cell culture on bone regeneration potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 33413646 PMCID: PMC7791873 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As populations age across the world, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are becoming the most prevalent degenerative bone diseases. More than 75 million patients suffer from osteoporosis in the USA, the EU and Japan. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the number of patients affected by osteoporosis will increase by a third by 2050. Although conventional therapies including bisphosphonates, calcitonin and oestrogen-like drugs can be used to treat degenerative diseases of the bone, they are often associated with serious side effects including the development of oesophageal cancer, ocular inflammation, severe musculoskeletal pain and osteonecrosis of the jaw.The use of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a possible alternative therapeutic approach to tackle osteoporosis while overcoming the limitations of traditional treatment options. However, osteoporosis can cause a decrease in the numbers of MSCs, induce their senescence and lower their osteogenic differentiation potential.Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is an emerging technology that allows a more physiological expansion and differentiation of stem cells compared to cultivation on conventional flat systems.This review will discuss current understanding of the effects of different 3D cell culture systems on proliferation, viability and osteogenic differentiation, as well as on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesude Bicer
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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18
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Zhu M, Hua T, Ouyang T, Qian H, Yu B. Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Fibrosis: Novel Strategies, Mechanisms, and Clinical Practice. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6546780. [PMID: 34434239 PMCID: PMC8380491 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6546780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common result of most chronic liver diseases, and advanced fibrosis often leads to cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for liver cirrhosis except liver transplantation. Therefore, it is important to carry out antifibrosis treatment to reverse liver damage in the early stage of liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine. The preclinical and clinical research results of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis show that MSC administration is a promising treatment for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. MSCs reverse liver fibrosis and increase liver function mainly through differentiation into hepatocytes, immune regulation, secretion of cytokines and other nutritional factors, reduction of hepatocyte apoptosis, and promotion of hepatocyte regeneration. Recently, many studies provided a variety of new methods and strategies to improve the effect of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the current effective methods and strategies and their potential mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis, as well as the current research progress in clinical practice. We expect to achieve complete reversal of liver injury with MSC-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Zhu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzhen Hua
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huofu Qian
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, China
| | - Bing Yu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
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19
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Grabowska W, Achtabowska N, Klejman A, Skowronek K, Calka M, Bielak-Zmijewska A. IQGAP1-dysfunction leads to induction of senescence in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111295. [PMID: 32592713 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell senescence - an irreversible proliferation arrest - is one of the possible cellular responses to stress. There is a vast variety of stimuli, extrinsic and intrinsic, known to induce senescence, and several molecular pathways involved in the process; yet much still remains to be explained. Senescent cells can communicate with neighboring cells through secreted factors such as cytokines and chemokines. Several years ago it was shown that cells can also communicate in a more direct manner by an exchange of proteins via cellular bridges (CBs). Recent studies show that in senescent cells the intensity of such transfer increases. The research also revealed that Cdc42 and actin polymerization are indispensable for this process to occur. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that, apart from actin and Cdc42, also IQGAP1 could be involved in direct intercellular communication. Our results showed that direct transfer occurred preferentially between senescent cells and that IQGAP1 was not essential for this process. Interestingly, cells harboring mutated IQGAP1 had altered morphology and were characterized by decreased proliferation, increased time of division and appearance of some senescence markers (increased activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype). Our findings suggest that IQGAP1 dysfunction can induce senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Grabowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Achtabowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Poland
| | - Agata Klejman
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowronek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Core Facility, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Calka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Tenorio AJ, Leach JK. Three-Dimensional Printed Stamps for the Fabrication of Patterned Microwells and High-Throughput Production of Homogeneous Cell Spheroids. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2020; 7:139-147. [PMID: 32855996 PMCID: PMC7313638 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of cells into spheroids and organoids is a promising tool for regenerative medicine, cancer and cell biology, and drug discovery due to their recapitulation of the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions found in vivo. Traditional approaches for the production of spheroids, such as the hanging drop method, are limited by the lack of reproducibility and the use of labor-intensive and time-consuming techniques. The need for high-throughput approaches allowing for the quick and reproducible formation of cell aggregates has driven the development of soft lithography techniques based on the patterning of microwells into nonadherent hydrogels. However, these methods are also limited by costly, labor-intensive, and multistep protocols that could impact the sterility of the process and efficiency of spheroid formation. In this study, we describe a one-step method for the fabrication of patterned nonadherent microwells into tissue culture plates using three-dimensional (3D) printed stamps and evaluate the production of cell spheroids of different sizes and cell sources. The generation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell and endothelial cell spheroids by the use of 3D printed stamps was superior in comparison with a widely used multistep mold technique, yielding spheroids of larger sizes and higher DNA content. The 3D stamps produced spheroids of more consistent diameter and DNA content when compared with other commercially available methods. These 3D printed stamps offer a tunable, simple, fast, and cost-effective approach for the production of reproducible spheroids and organoids for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro J. Tenorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Address correspondence to: J. Kent Leach, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, 2303 GBSF, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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21
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Investigating Tunneling Nanotubes in Cancer Cells: Guidelines for Structural and Functional Studies through Cell Imaging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2701345. [PMID: 32351987 PMCID: PMC7174938 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2701345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By allowing insured communication between cancer cells themselves and with the neighboring stromal cells, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are involved in the multistep process of cancer development from tumorigenesis to the treatment resistance. However, despite their critical role in the biology of cancer, the study of the TNTs has been announced challenging due to not only the absence of a specific biomarker but also the fragile and transitory nature of their structure and the fact that they are hovering freely above the substratum. Here, we proposed to review guidelines to follow for studying the structure and functionality of TNTs in tumoral neuroendocrine cells (PC12) and nontumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC-3, H28). In particular, we reported how crucial is it (i) to consider the culture conditions (culture surface, cell density), (ii) to visualize the formation of TNTs in living cells (mechanisms of formation, 3D representation), and (iii) to identify the cytoskeleton components and the associated elements (categories, origin, tip, and formation/transport) in the TNTs. We also focused on the input of high-resolution cell imaging approaches including Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) nanoscopy, Transmitted and Scanning Electron Microscopies (TEM and SEM). In addition, we underlined the important role of the organelles in the mechanisms of TNT formation and transfer between the cancer cells. Finally, new biological models for the identification of the TNTs between cancer cells and stromal cells (liquid air interface, ex vivo, in vivo) and the clinical considerations will also be discussed.
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22
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Neri S, Borzì RM. Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Aging. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E340. [PMID: 32098040 PMCID: PMC7072652 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. Beside the fundamental in vivo role of MSCs, they have also emerged in the last years as extremely promising therapeutic agents for a wide variety of clinical conditions. MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. Aging of MSCs (both in vivo and in vitro) can affect not only their replicative potential, but also their properties, like immunomodulation and secretory profile, thus possibly compromising their therapeutic effect. It is therefore of critical importance to unveil the underlying mechanisms of MSC senescence and to define shared methods to assess MSC aging status. The present review will focus on current scientific knowledge about MSC aging mechanisms, control and effects, including possible anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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Atkinson SP. A preview of selected articles. Stem Cells 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Whitehead J, Kothambawala A, Leach JK. Morphogen Delivery by Osteoconductive Nanoparticles Instructs Stromal Cell Spheroid Phenotype. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2019; 3:1900141. [PMID: 32270027 PMCID: PMC7141413 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit a rapid loss in osteogenic phenotype upon removal of osteoinductive cues, as commonly occurs during transplantation. Osteogenic differentiation can be more effectively but not fully maintained by aggregating MSCs into spheroids. Therefore, the development of effective strategies that prolong the efficacy of inductive growth factors would be advantageous for advancing cell-based therapies. To address this challenge, osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was adsorbed to osteoconductive hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles for incorporation into MSC spheroids. MSC induction was evaluated in osteogenic conditions and retention of the osteogenic phenotype in the absence of other osteogenic cues. HA was more uniformly incorporated into spheroids at lower concentrations, while BMP-2 dosage was dependent upon initial morphogen concentration. MSC spheroids containing BMP-2-loaded HA nanoparticles exhibited greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and more uniform spatial expression of osteocalcin compared to spheroids with uncoated HA nanoparticles. Spheroids cultured in media containing soluble BMP-2 demonstrated differentiation only at the spheroid periphery. Furthermore, the osteogenic phenotype of MSC spheroids was better retained with BMP-2-laden HA upon the removal of soluble osteogenic cues. These findings represent a promising strategy for simultaneous delivery of osteoconductive and osteoinductive signals for enhancing MSC participation in bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Whitehead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Alefia Kothambawala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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