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Bahar R, Darabi S, Norouzian M, Roustaei S, Torkamani-Dordshaikh S, Hasanzadeh M, Vakili K, Fathi M, Khodagholi F, Kaveh N, Jahanbaz S, Moghaddam MH, Abbaszadeh HA, Aliaghaei A. Neuroprotective effect of human cord blood-derived extracellular vesicles by improved neuromuscular function and reduced gliosis in a rat model of Huntington's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 138:102419. [PMID: 38609056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary condition characterized by the gradual deterioration of nerve cells in the striatum. Recent scientific investigations have revealed the promising potential of Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapy to mitigate inflammation and enhance motor function. This study aimed to examine the impact of administering EVs derived from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) on the motor abilities and inflammation levels in a rat model of HD. After ultracentrifugation to prepare EVs from HUCB to determine the nature of the obtained contents, the expression of CD markers 81 and 9, the average size and also the morphology of its particles were investigated by DLS and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, in order to induce the HD model, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) neurotoxin was injected intraperitoneal into the rats, after treatment by HUCB-EVs, rotarod, electromyogram (EMG) and the open field tests were performed on the rats. Finally, after rat sacrifice and the striatum was removed, Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), stereology, immunohistochemistry, antioxidant tests, and western blot were performed. Our results showed that the contents of the HUCB-EVs express the CD9 and CD81 markers and have spherical shapes. In addition, the injection of HUCB-EVs improved motor and neuromuscular function, reduced gliosis, increased antioxidant activity and inflammatory factor, and partially prevented the decrease of neurons. The findings generally show that HUCB-EVs have neuroprotective effects and reduce neuroinflammation from the toxic effects of 3-NP, which can be beneficial for the recovery of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bahar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Darabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan Roustaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Torkamani-Dordshaikh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Hasanzadeh
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Kaveh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jahanbaz
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yang M, Zhao Y, Li X, Li H, Cheng F, Liu Y, Jia Z, He Y, Lin J, Guan L. Conditioned medium of human menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells protects against cell inflammation and apoptosis of Npc1 KO N2a cells. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2301-2313. [PMID: 37261632 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the NPC1 gene. This gene encodes a transmembrane protein found in lysosomes. This disease characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, neurological impairments and premature death. Recent preclinical studies have shown promising results in using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to alleviate the symptoms of NPC1. One type of MSCs, known as human menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs), has attracted attention due to its accessibility, abundant supply, and strong proliferation and regeneration capabilities. However, it remains uncertain whether the conditioned medium of MenSCs (MenSCs-CM) can effectively relieve the symptoms of NPC1. To investigate this further, we employed the CRISPR-Cas9 technique to successfully create a Npc1 gene knockout N2a cell line (Npc1KO N2a). Sanger sequencing confirmed the occurrence of Npc1 gene mutation in these cells, while western blotting revealed a lack of NPC1 protein expression. Filipin staining provided visual evidence of unesterified cholesterol accumulation in Npc1KO N2a cells. Moreover, Npc1KO N2a cells exhibited significantly decreased viability, increased inflammation, and heightened cell apoptosis. Notably, our study demonstrated that the viability of Npc1KO N2a cells was most significantly improved after being cultured by 36 h-collected MenSCs-CM for 0.5 days. Additionally, MenSCs-CM exhibited the ability to effectively reduce inflammation, counteract cell apoptosis, and ameliorate unesterified cholesterol accumulation in Npc1KO N2a cells. This groundbreaking finding establishes, for the first time, the protective effect of MenSCs-CM on N2a cells with Npc1 gene deletion. These findings suggest that the potential of MenSCs-CM as a beneficial therapeutic approach for NPC1 and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Yang
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yanchun Zhao
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Han Li
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Zisen Jia
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Ya'nan He
- Zhongyuan Stem Cell Research Institute, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
| | - Lihong Guan
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
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Manto M, Cendelin J, Strupp M, Mitoma H. Advances in cerebellar disorders: pre-clinical models, therapeutic targets, and challenges. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:965-987. [PMID: 37768297 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2263911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) represent neurological disorders with multiple etiologies and a high phenotypic variability. Despite progress in the understanding of pathogenesis, few therapies are available so far. Closing the loop between preclinical studies and therapeutic trials is important, given the impact of CAs upon patients' health and the roles of the cerebellum in multiple domains. Because of a rapid advance in research on CAs, it is necessary to summarize the main findings and discuss future directions. AREAS COVERED We focus our discussion on preclinical models, cerebellar reserve, the therapeutic management of CAs, and suitable surrogate markers. We searched Web of Science and PubMed using keywords relevant to cerebellar diseases, therapy, and preclinical models. EXPERT OPINION There are many symptomatic and/or disease-modifying therapeutic approaches under investigation. For therapy development, preclinical studies, standardization of disease evaluation, safety assessment, and demonstration of clinical improvements are essential. Stage of the disease and the level of the cerebellar reserve determine the goals of the therapy. Deficits in multiple categories and heterogeneity of CAs may require disease-, stage-, and symptom-specific therapies. More research is needed to clarify how therapies targeting the cerebellum influence both basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, poorly explored domains in CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Manto
- Service des Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Strupp
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bremova-Ertl T, Schneider S. Current advancements in therapy for Niemann-Pick disease: progress and pitfalls. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1229-1247. [PMID: 37211769 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder. To combat the progressive neurodegeneration in NPC, disease-modifying treatment needs to be introduced early in the course of the disease. The only approved, disease-modifying treatment is a substrate-reduction treatment, miglustat. Given miglustat's limited efficacy, new compounds are under development, including gene therapy; however, many are still far from clinical use. Moreover, the phenotypic heterogeneity and variable course of the disease can impede the development and approval of new agents. AREAS COVERED Here, we offer an expert review of these therapeutic candidates, with a broad scope not only on the main pharmacotherapies, but also on experimental approaches, gene therapies, and symptomatic strategies. The National Institute of Health (NIH) database PubMed has been searched for the combination of the words 'Niemann-Pick type C'+ 'treatment' or 'therapy' or 'trial.' The website clinicaltrials.gov has also been consulted. EXPERT OPINION We conclude a combination of treatment strategies should be sought, with a holistic approach, to improve the quality of life of affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bremova-Ertl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Issa SS, Shaimardanova AA, Valiullin VV, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859516. [PMID: 35308211 PMCID: PMC8924473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of approximately 50 genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes coding enzymes that are involved in cell degradation and transferring lipids and other macromolecules. Accumulation of lipids and other macromolecules in lysosomes leads to the destruction of affected cells. Although the clinical manifestations of different LSDs vary greatly, more than half of LSDs have symptoms of central nervous system neurodegeneration, and within each disorder there is a considerable variation, ranging from severe, infantile-onset forms to attenuated adult-onset disease, sometimes with distinct clinical features. To date, treatment options for this group of diseases remain limited, which highlights the need for further development of innovative therapeutic approaches, that can not only improve the patients' quality of life, but also provide full recovery for them. In many LSDs stem cell-based therapy showed promising results in preclinical researches. This review discusses using mesenchymal stem cells for different LSDs therapy and other neurodegenerative diseases and their possible limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza S Issa
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alisa A Shaimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Victor V Valiullin
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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6
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Köse S, Aerts-Kaya F, Uçkan Çetinkaya D, Korkusuz P. Stem Cell Applications in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Progress and Ongoing Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:135-162. [PMID: 33977438 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are rare inborn errors of metabolism caused by defects in lysosomal function. These diseases are characterized by accumulation of completely or partially degraded substrates in the lysosomes leading to cellular dysfunction of the affected cells. Currently, enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs), treatments directed at substrate reduction (SRT), and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation are the only treatment options for LSDs, and the effects of these treatments depend strongly on the type of LSD and the time of initiation of treatment. However, some of the LSDs still lack a durable and curative treatment. Therefore, a variety of novel treatments for LSD patients has been developed in the past few years. However, despite significant progress, the efficacy of some of these treatments remains limited because these therapies are often initiated after irreversible organ damage has occurred.Here, we provide an overview of the known effects of LSDs on stem cell function, as well as a synopsis of available stem cell-based cell and gene therapies that have been/are being developed for the treatment of LSDs. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of use of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-related (gene) therapies. An overview of current research data indicates that when stem cell and/or gene therapy applications are used in combination with existing therapies such as ERT, SRT, and chaperone therapies, promising results can be achieved, showing that these treatments may result in alleviation of existing symptoms and/or prevention of progression of the disease. All together, these studies offer some insight in LSD stem cell biology and provide a hopeful perspective for the use of stem cells. Further development and improvement of these stem cell (gene) combination therapies may greatly improve the current treatment options and outcomes of patients with a LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Köse
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.,Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Uçkan Çetinkaya
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development (PEDI-STEM), Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Mitoma H, Kakei S, Yamaguchi K, Manto M. Physiology of Cerebellar Reserve: Redundancy and Plasticity of a Modular Machine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4777. [PMID: 33946358 PMCID: PMC8124536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is endowed with the capacity for compensation and restoration after pathological injury, a property known as cerebellar reserve. Such capacity is attributed to two unique morphological and physiological features of the cerebellum. First, mossy fibers that convey peripheral and central information run mediolaterally over a wide area of the cerebellum, resulting in the innervation of multiple microzones, commonly known as cerebellar functional units. Thus, a single microzone receives redundant information that can be used in pathological conditions. Secondly, the circuitry is characterized by a co-operative interplay among various forms of synaptic plasticity. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of redundant information and synaptic plasticity has allowed outlining therapeutic strategies potentiating these neural substrates to enhance the cerebellar reserve, taking advantage of the unique physiological properties of the cerebellum which appears as a modular and potentially reconfiguring brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinji Kakei
- Laboratory for Movement Disorders, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan;
| | - Mario Manto
- Unité des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium;
- Service des Neurosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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8
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Meneses-Salas E, Garcia-Forn M, Castany-Pladevall C, Lu A, Fajardo A, Jose J, Wahba M, Bosch M, Pol A, Tebar F, Klein AD, Zanlungo S, Pérez-Navarro E, Grewal T, Enrich C, Rentero C. Lack of Annexin A6 Exacerbates Liver Dysfunction and Reduces Lifespan of Niemann-Pick Type C Protein-Deficient Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:475-486. [PMID: 33345999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by cholesterol accumulation caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Npc1 gene. NPC disease primarily affects the brain, causing neuronal damage and affecting motor coordination. In addition, considerable liver malfunction in NPC disease is common. Recently, we found that the depletion of annexin A6 (ANXA6), which is most abundant in the liver and involved in cholesterol transport, ameliorated cholesterol accumulation in Npc1 mutant cells. To evaluate the potential contribution of ANXA6 in the progression of NPC disease, double-knockout mice (Npc1-/-/Anxa6-/-) were generated and examined for lifespan, neurologic and hepatic functions, as well as liver histology and ultrastructure. Interestingly, lack of ANXA6 in NPC1-deficient animals did not prevent the cerebellar degeneration phenotype, but further deteriorated their compromised hepatic functions and reduced their lifespan. Moreover, livers of Npc1-/-/Anxa6-/- mice contained a significantly elevated number of foam cells congesting the sinusoidal space, a feature commonly associated with inflammation. We hypothesize that ANXA6 deficiency in Npc1-/- mice not only does not reverse neurologic and motor dysfunction, but further worsens overall liver function, exacerbating hepatic failure in NPC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garcia-Forn
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Castany-Pladevall
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lu
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alba Fajardo
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marta Bosch
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universidad del Desarrollo, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Universidad del Desarrollo, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esther Pérez-Navarro
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Rentero
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Kim J, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim K, Song M, Lee J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1-14. [PMID: 32741816 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, but its cause remains unclear. Although a few drugs can provide temporary and partial relief of symptoms in some patients, no curative treatment is available. Therefore, attention has been focused on research using stem cells to treat AD. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat the related pathologies in animal models of AD, and other neurodegenerative disease. This review describes latest research trends on the use of MSC-based therapies in AD and its action of mechanism. MSCs have several beneficial effects. They would be specified as the reduction of neuroinflammation, the elimination of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, and abnormal protein degradation, the promotion of autophagy-associated and blood-brain barrier recoveries, the upregulation of acetylcholine levels, improved cognition, and the recovery of mitochondrial transport. Therefore, this review describes the latest research trends in MSC-based therapy for AD by demonstrating the importance of MSC-based therapy and understanding of its mechanisms in AD and discusses the limitations and perspectives of stem cell therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kipom Kim
- Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Song
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lloyd-Evans E, Waller-Evans H. Lysosomal Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Signaling in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035311. [PMID: 31653642 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is an essential process in all cells that is maintained by a plethora of channels, pumps, transporters, receptors, and intracellular Ca2+ sequestering stores. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration govern processes as far reaching as fertilization, cell growth, and motility through to cell death. In recent years, lysosomes have emerged as a major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle with an increasing involvement in triggering or regulating cellular functions such as endocytosis, autophagy, and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This review will summarize recent work in the area of lysosomal Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis, including newly identified functions, and the involvement of lysosome-derived Ca2+ signals in human disease. In addition, we explore recent controversies in the techniques used for measurement of lysosomal Ca2+ content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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11
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Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cerebellar Disorders. Brain Sci 2019; 10:brainsci10010011. [PMID: 31878024 PMCID: PMC7017280 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various etiopathologies affect the cerebellum, resulting in the development of cerebellar ataxias (CAs), a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized clinically by movement incoordination, affective dysregulation, and cognitive dysmetria. Recent progress in clinical and basic research has opened the door of the ‘‘era of therapy” of CAs. The therapeutic rationale of cerebellar diseases takes into account the capacity of the cerebellum to compensate for pathology and restoration, which is collectively termed cerebellar reserve. In general, treatments of CAs are classified into two categories: cause-cure treatments, aimed at arresting disease progression, and neuromodulation therapies, aimed at potentiating cerebellar reserve. Both forms of therapies should be introduced as soon as possible, at a time where cerebellar reserve is still preserved. Clinical studies have established evidence-based cause-cure treatments for metabolic and immune-mediated CAs. Elaborate protocols of rehabilitation and non-invasive cerebellar stimulation facilitate cerebellar reserve, leading to recovery in the case of controllable pathologies (metabolic and immune-mediated CAs) and delay of disease progression in the case of uncontrollable pathologies (degenerative CAs). Furthermore, recent advances in molecular biology have encouraged the development of new forms of therapies: the molecular targeting therapy, which manipulates impaired RNA or proteins, and the neurotransplantation therapy, which delays cell degeneration and facilitates compensatory functions. The present review focuses on the therapeutic rationales of these recently developed therapeutic modalities, highlighting the underlying pathogenesis.
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12
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Cendelin J, Buffo A, Hirai H, Magrassi L, Mitoma H, Sherrard R, Vozeh F, Manto M. Task Force Paper On Cerebellar Transplantation: Are We Ready to Treat Cerebellar Disorders with Cell Therapy? THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:575-592. [PMID: 30607797 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of damaged central nervous system structures, functional recovery, and prevention of neuronal loss during neurodegenerative diseases are major objectives in cerebellar research. The highly organized anatomical structure of the cerebellum with numerous inputs/outputs, the complexity of cerebellar functions, and the large spectrum of cerebellar ataxias render therapies of cerebellar disorders highly challenging. There are currently several therapeutic approaches including motor rehabilitation, neuroprotective drugs, non-invasive cerebellar stimulation, molecularly based therapy targeting pathogenesis of the disease, and neurotransplantation. We discuss the goals and possible beneficial mechanisms of transplantation therapy for cerebellar damage and its limitations and factors determining outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, 10043, Turin, Italy
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Magrassi
- Neurosurgery, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare - CNR, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachel Sherrard
- IBPS, UMR8256 Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université and CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frantisek Vozeh
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Manto
- Department of Neurology, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium.
- Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
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13
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Jeong MS, Bae JS, Jin HK. Vascular endothelial growth factor improves the therapeutic effects of cyclodextrin in Niemann-Pick type C mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:346-354. [PMID: 31700700 PMCID: PMC6830204 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1651768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C disease (NP-C) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a deficiency in the function of the NPC1 gene. Malfunction of this gene/protein leads to progressive accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and sphingolipids in many organs, including the brain. To date, drugs that target pivotal stages in the pathogenic cascade have been tested as monotherapies or in combination with a second agent, showing additive benefits. In this study, we have investigated the effects of combining centrally and systemically administered therapies in a mouse model of NP-C, i.e. overexpression of brain-specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in combination with systemic administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD). We found that animals treated using a combination of VEGF and CD showed an improvement in pathophysiology compared to those treated with CD alone or brain VEGF overexpression alone, or non-treated NP-C mice. Combination therapy increased the time period over which NP-C mice maintained their body-weight and motor function, and decreased the abnormal accumulation of lipids. In addition, combination therapy delayed the onset of Purkinje cell loss and reduced neuroinflammation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that combination therapy using VEGF and CD is a promising therapeutic modality for treating NP-C, and suggest that it represents a potential strategy for the treatment of diseases that cause both visceral and brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seock Jeong
- KNU Alzheimer's disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- KNU Alzheimer's disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- KNU Alzheimer's disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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14
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Cendelin J, Purkartova Z, Kubik J, Ulbricht E, Tichanek F, Kolinko Y. Long-Term Development of Embryonic Cerebellar Grafts in Two Strains of Lurcher Mice. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:428-437. [PMID: 29450804 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
For many degenerative cerebellar diseases, currently, no effective treatment that would substantially restore cerebellar functions is available. Neurotransplantation could be a promising therapy for such cases. Nevertheless, there are still severe limitations for routine clinical use. The aim of the work was to assess volume and morphology and functional impact on motor skills of an embryonic cerebellar graft injected in the form of cell suspension in Lurcher mutant and wild-type mice of the B6CBA and C3H strains after a 6-month survival period. The grafts survived in the majority of the mice. In both B6CBA and C3H Lurcher mice, most of the grafts were strictly delimited with no tendency to invade the host cerebellum, while in wild-type mice, graft-derived Purkinje cells colonized the host's cerebellum. In C3H Lurcher mice, but not in B6CBA Lurchers, the grafts had smaller volume than in their wild-type counterparts. C3H wild-type mice had significantly larger grafts than B6CBA wild-type mice. No positive effect of the transplantation on performance in the rotarod test was observed. The findings suggest that the niche of the Lurcher mutant cerebellum has a negative impact on integration of grafted cells. This factor seems to be limiting for specific functional effects of the transplantation therapy in this mouse model of cerebellar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Purkartova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kubik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Ulbricht
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichanek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslav Kolinko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, 301 66, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Quantitative Histology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, 301 66, Plzen, Czech Republic
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15
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Gabandé-Rodríguez E, Pérez-Cañamás A, Soto-Huelin B, Mitroi DN, Sánchez-Redondo S, Martínez-Sáez E, Venero C, Peinado H, Ledesma MD. Lipid-induced lysosomal damage after demyelination corrupts microglia protective function in lysosomal storage disorders. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899553. [PMID: 30530526 PMCID: PMC6331723 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) present with activated pro‐inflammatory microglia. However, anti‐inflammatory treatment failed to improve disease pathology. We characterise the mechanisms underlying microglia activation in Niemann–Pick disease type A (NPA). We establish that an NPA patient and the acid sphingomyelinase knockout (ASMko) mouse model show amoeboid microglia in neurodegeneration‐prone areas. In vivo microglia ablation worsens disease progression in ASMko mice. We demonstrate the coexistence of different microglia phenotypes in ASMko brains that produce cytokines or counteract neuronal death by clearing myelin debris. Overloading microglial lysosomes through myelin debris accumulation and sphingomyelin build‐up induces lysosomal damage and cathepsin B extracellular release by lysosomal exocytosis. Inhibition of cathepsin B prevents neuronal death and behavioural anomalies in ASMko mice. Similar microglia phenotypes occur in a Niemann–Pick disease type C mouse model and patient. Our results show a protective function for microglia in LSDs and how this is corrupted by lipid lysosomal overload. Data indicate cathepsin B as a key molecule mediating neurodegeneration, opening research pathways for therapeutic targeting of LSDs and other demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gabandé-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain .,Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Cancer & Inflammation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Azucena Pérez-Cañamás
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Soto-Huelin
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel N Mitroi
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Redondo
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Sáez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Venero
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - María Dolores Ledesma
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Stem cell-secreted 14,15- epoxyeicosatrienoic acid rescues cholesterol homeostasis and autophagic flux in Niemann-Pick-type C disease. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-14. [PMID: 30429460 PMCID: PMC6235958 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the direct transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) into the dentate gyrus ameliorated the neurological symptoms of Niemann–Pick type C1 (NPC1)-mutant mice. However, the clinical presentation of NPC1-mutant mice was not fully understood with a molecular mechanism. Here, we found 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET), a cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolite, from hUCB-MSCs and the cerebella of NPC1-mutant mice and investigated the functional consequence of this metabolite. Our screening of the CYP2J family indicated a dysregulation in the CYP system in a cerebellar-specific manner. Moreover, in Purkinje cells, CYP2J6 showed an elevated expression level compared to that of astrocytes, granule cells, and microglia. In this regard, we found that one CYP metabolite, 14,15-EET, acts as a key mediator in ameliorating cholesterol accumulation. In confirming this hypothesis, 14,15-EET treatment reduced the accumulation of cholesterol in human NPC1 patient-derived fibroblasts in vitro by suppressing cholesterol synthesis and ameliorating the impaired autophagic flux. We show that the reduced activity within the CYP system in the cerebellum could cause the neurological symptoms of NPC1 patients, as 14,15-EET treatment significantly rescued cholesterol accumulation and impaired autophagy. We also provide evidence that the intranasal administration of hUCB-MSCs is a highly promising alternative to traumatic surgical transplantation for NPC1 patients. An acid secreted by stem cells can reduce the excess cholesterol caused by a genetic metabolic disorder. Niemann–Pick type C disease is a rare, inherited condition that causes defective muscular development and progressive neurological degeneration. A key disease mechanism is the excessive accumulation of cholesterol within cells. Kyung-Sun Kang at Seoul National University, South Korea, and co-workers have demonstrated that a metabolite molecule called 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) derived from stem cells from human umbilical cord blood significantly reduced cholesterol in Neimann-Pick Type C mouse models and human cell samples. The team administered the stem cell therapy non-invasively via the nose, and observed significant improvements in motor function in the mice. Experiments in both animals and cells showed that the treatment resulted in reduced cholesterol levels and the correction of defective signalling within cells.
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17
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Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of over 70 diseases that are characterized by lysosomal dysfunction, most of which are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. These disorders are individually rare but collectively affect 1 in 5,000 live births. LSDs typically present in infancy and childhood, although adult-onset forms also occur. Most LSDs have a progressive neurodegenerative clinical course, although symptoms in other organ systems are frequent. LSD-associated genes encode different lysosomal proteins, including lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal membrane proteins. The lysosome is the key cellular hub for macromolecule catabolism, recycling and signalling, and defects that impair any of these functions cause the accumulation of undigested or partially digested macromolecules in lysosomes (that is, 'storage') or impair the transport of molecules, which can result in cellular damage. Consequently, the cellular pathogenesis of these diseases is complex and is currently incompletely understood. Several LSDs can be treated with approved, disease-specific therapies that are mostly based on enzyme replacement. However, small-molecule therapies, including substrate reduction and chaperone therapies, have also been developed and are approved for some LSDs, whereas gene therapy and genome editing are at advanced preclinical stages and, for a few disorders, have already progressed to the clinic.
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18
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Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Stem Cells Reverse Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death and Ameliorate Motor Function and Striatal Atrophy in Rat Model of Huntington Disease. Neurotox Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Neurotransplantation may be a promising approach for therapy of cerebellar diseases characterized by a substantial loss of neurons. Neurotransplantation could rescue neurons from degeneration and maintain cerebellar reserve, facilitate cerebellar compensation, or help reconstruct damaged neural circuits by cell substitution. These mechanisms of action can be of varying importance according to the type of cerebellar disease. Neurotransplantation therapy in cerebellar ataxias is still at the stage of experimental studies. There is currently little knowledge regarding cerebellar patients. Nevertheless, data provided by experiments in animal models of cerebellar degeneration and both clinical studies and experiences in patients with other neurologic diseases enable us to suggest basic principles, expectations, limitations, and future directions of neurotransplantation therapy for cerebellar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathological Physiology and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Nuryyev RL, Uhlendorf TL, Tierney W, Zatikyan S, Kopyov O, Kopyov A, Ochoa J, Trigt WV, Malone CS, Cohen RW. Transplantation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells Reveals Structural and Functional Improvements in the Spastic Han-Wistar Rat Model of Ataxia. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1811-1821. [PMID: 29338380 PMCID: PMC5784519 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717723637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of regenerative medicine to treat nervous system disorders like ataxia has been proposed to either replace or support degenerating neurons. In this study, we assessed the ability of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) to repair and restore the function of dying neurons within the spastic Han-Wistar rat (sHW), a model of ataxia. The sHW rat suffers from neurodegeneration of specific neurons, including cerebellar Purkinje cells and hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells leading to the observed symptoms of forelimb tremor, hind-leg rigidity, gait abnormality, motor incoordination, and a shortened life span. To alleviate the symptoms of neurodegeneration and to replace or augment dying neurons, neuronal human progenitor cells were implanted into the sHW rats. At 30 d of age, male sHW mutant rats underwent subcutaneous implantation of an Alzet osmotic pump that infused cyclosporine (15 mg/kg/d) used to suppress the rat's immune system. At 40 d, sHW rats received bilateral injections (500,000 cells in 5 µL media) of live hNPCs, dead hNPCs, live human embryonic kidney cells, or growth media either into the cerebellar cortex or into the hippocampus. To monitor results, motor activity scores (open-field testing) and weights of the animals were recorded weekly. The sHW rats that received hNPC transplantation into the cerebellum, at 60 d of age, displayed significantly higher motor activity scores and sustained greater weights and longevities than control-treated sHW rats or any hippocampal treatment group. In addition, cerebellar histology revealed that the transplanted hNPCs displayed signs of migration and signs of neuronal development in the degenerated Purkinje cell layer. This study revealed that implanted human progenitor cells reduced the ataxic symptoms in the sHW rat, identifying a future clinical use of these progenitor cells against ataxia and associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan L. Nuryyev
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Toni L. Uhlendorf
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Wesley Tierney
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Suren Zatikyan
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cindy S. Malone
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Randy W. Cohen
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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21
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Garcia-Gil M, Pierucci F, Vestri A, Meacci E. Crosstalk between sphingolipids and vitamin D3: potential role in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:605-627. [PMID: 28127747 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural and bioactive compounds. In particular, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate regulate cell fate, inflammation and excitability. 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) is known to play an important physiological role in growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types, including neural cells, through genomic actions mediated by its specific receptor, and non-genomic effects that result in the activation of specific signalling pathways. 1,25(OH)2 D3 and sphingolipids, in particular sphingosine 1-phosphate, share many common effectors, including calcium regulation, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, but it is still not known whether they can act synergistically. Alterations in the signalling and concentrations of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 have been found in neurodegenerative diseases and fingolimod, a structural analogue of sphingosine, has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review, after a brief description of the role of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 , will focus on the potential crosstalk between sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
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22
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Lee H, Kim GM, Choi JH, Park MH, Bae JS, Jin HK. Highly efficient reprogramming and characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells by using a microwell array. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:691-700. [PMID: 30603450 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of human somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enables the possibility of generating patient-specific cells. However, the low efficiency issue associated with iPSCs generation has limited iPSCs usage in research and clinical applications. In this study, we developed a high efficiency system to generate iPSCs by using a polydimethylsiloxane stencil. This device could be applied to the localization and reprogramming of human fibroblasts. Herein, a well-defined culture system based on a stencil, which supported efficient reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPSCs with 2-4 fold increase in efficacy over conventional methods, is presented. Subsequently, we prepared a multiple analysis system, which used a micro-patterned scissile microarray to characterize iPSCs. The results showed that iPSCs could be cultured into micro-patterns in a precisely controlled manner on the scissile poly(ethylene terephthalate) sheet, which was cut into pieces for subsequent analyses, indicating that this method allows multiple analyses to establish iPSC pluripotency in the same sample. Our approach provides a simple, cost-effective, but highly efficient system for the generation and characterization of iPSCs, and will serve as a powerful tool for establishing patient- and disease-specific pluripotent stem cells. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13770-016-0015-0 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- 1Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,2Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gyu Man Kim
- 3School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Choi
- 3School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Hee Park
- 1Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,4Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,5Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- 1Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,4Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,5Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,7Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, 41944 Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- 1Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,2Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,6Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, 41566 Daegu, Korea
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23
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Siddiqi F, Wolfe JH. Stem Cell Therapy for the Central Nervous System in Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:749-757. [PMID: 27420186 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases with genetic etiologies result in the loss or dysfunction of neural cells throughout the CNS. At present, few treatment options exist for the majority of neurogenetic diseases. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) into the CNS has the potential to be an effective treatment modality because progenitor cells may replace lost cells in the diseased brain, provide multiple trophic factors, or deliver missing proteins. This review focuses on the use of SCT in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a large group of monogenic disorders with prominent CNS disease. In most patients the CNS disease results in intellectual disability that is refractory to current standard-of-care treatment. A large amount of preclinical work on brain-directed SCT has been performed in rodent LSD models. Cell types that have been used for direct delivery into the CNS include neural stem cells, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells have been an effective therapy for the CNS in a few LSDs and may be augmented by overexpression of the missing gene. Current barriers and potential strategies to improve SCT for translation into effective patient therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Siddiqi
- 1 Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John H Wolfe
- 1 Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine and W.F. Goodman Center for Comparative Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Lysosomes have emerged in the last decade as an immensely important intracellular site of Ca2+ storage and signalling. More recently there has been an increase in the number of new ion channels found to be functional on lysosomes and the potential roles that these signalling pathways might play in fundamental cellular processes are being uncovered. Defects in lysosomal function have been shown to result in changes in lysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis and ultimately can result in cell death. Several neurodegenerative diseases, from rare lysosomal storage diseases through to more common diseases of ageing, have recently been identified as having alterations in lysosomal Ca2+ homeostasis that may play an important role in neuronal excitotoxicity and ultimately cell death. This review will critically summarise these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX
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Cendelin J. Experimental neurotransplantation treatment for hereditary cerebellar ataxias. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2016; 3:7. [PMID: 27047666 PMCID: PMC4819278 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-016-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary cerebellar degenerations are a heterogeneous group of diseases often having a detrimental impact on patients’ quality of life. Unfortunately, no sufficiently effective causal therapy is available for human patients at present. There are several therapies that have been shown to affect the pathogenetic process and thereby to delay the progress of the disease in mouse models of cerebellar ataxias. The second experimental therapeutic approach for hereditary cerebellar ataxias is neurotransplantation. Grafted cells might provide an effect via delivery of a scarce neurotransmitter, substitution of lost cells if functionally integrated and rescue or trophic support of degenerating cells. The results of cerebellar transplantation research over the past 30 years are reviewed here and potential benefits and limitations of neurotransplantation therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cendelin
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Abstract
TRPML1 is a ubiquitously expressed cation channel found on lysosomes and late endosomes. Mutations in TRPML1 cause mucolipidosis type IV and it has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease and HIV. However, the mechanisms by which TRPML1 activity is regulated are not well understood. This review summarizes the current understanding of TRPML1 activation and regulation.
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Wang K, Xu R, Schrandt J, Shah P, Gong YZ, Preston C, Wang L, Yi JK, Lin CL, Sun W, Spyropoulos DD, Rhee S, Li M, Zhou J, Ge S, Zhang G, Snider AJ, Hannun YA, Obeid LM, Mao C. Alkaline Ceramidase 3 Deficiency Results in Purkinje Cell Degeneration and Cerebellar Ataxia Due to Dyshomeostasis of Sphingolipids in the Brain. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005591. [PMID: 26474409 PMCID: PMC4608763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyshomeostasis of both ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the brain has been implicated in aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans. However, mechanisms that maintain the homeostasis of these bioactive sphingolipids in the brain remain unclear. Mouse alkaline ceramidase 3 (Acer3), which preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of C18:1-ceramide, a major unsaturated long-chain ceramide species in the brain, is upregulated with age in the mouse brain. Acer3 knockout causes an age-dependent accumulation of various ceramides and C18:1-monohexosylceramide and abolishes the age-related increase in the levels of sphingosine and S1P in the brain; thereby resulting in Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum and deficits in motor coordination and balance. Our results indicate that Acer3 plays critically protective roles in controlling the homeostasis of various sphingolipids, including ceramides, sphingosine, S1P, and certain complex sphingolipids in the brain and protects Purkinje cells from premature degeneration. Bioactive sphingolipids, such as ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphates, have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it remains unclear as to how the homeostasis of these bioactive lipids is sustained. Alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3) catalyzes the hydrolysis of saturated long-chain ceramides (C18:1-ceramide and C20:1-ceramide) to generate sphingosine (SPH), which is phosphorylated to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In this study we found that Acer3 is upregulated with age in the mouse brain and blocking Acer3 upregulation elevates the levels of ceramides while reducing S1P levels in the brain, thereby resulting in Purkinje cell loss and cerebellar ataxia. This study not only offers novel insights into the role for the homeostasis of ceramides and their metabolites in regulating normal aging of the cerebellum, but also provides a useful genetic tool to dissect the mechanism by which an aberrant accumulation of ceramides results in age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Schrandt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Prithvi Shah
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Yong Z. Gong
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chet Preston
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis Wang
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Sun
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Demetri D. Spyropoulos
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Soyoung Rhee
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science Shared Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States of America
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Davis LC, Platt FM, Galione A. Preferential Coupling of the NAADP Pathway to Exocytosis in T-Cells. MESSENGER (LOS ANGELES, CALIF. : PRINT) 2015; 4:53-66. [PMID: 27330870 PMCID: PMC4910867 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2015.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) kills an infected or tumorigenic cell by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of cytolytic granules at the immunological synapse formed between the two cells. However, these granules are more than reservoirs of secretory cytolytic proteins but may also serve as unique Ca2+ signaling hubs that autonomously generate their own signals for exocytosis. This review discusses a selective role for the Ca2+-mobilizing messenger, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and its molecular targets, two-pore channels (TPCs), in stimulating exocytosis. Given that TPCs reside on the exocytotic granules themselves, these vesicles generate as well as respond to NAADP-dependent Ca2+ signals, which may have wider implications for stimulus-secretion coupling, vesicular fusion, and patho-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
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29
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Lee H, Kim GM, Choi JH, Lee JK, Bae JS, Jin HK. Highly reproducible quantification of apoptotic cells using micropatterned culture of neurons. Anal Biochem 2015; 469:65-70. [PMID: 25277814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of apoptotic cells is an integral component of many cell-based assays in biological studies. However, current methods for quantifying apoptotic cells using conventional random cultures have shown great limitations, especially for the quantification of primary neurons. Randomly distributed neurons under primary culture conditions can lead to biased estimates, and vastly different estimates of cell numbers can be produced within the same experiment. In this study, we developed a simple, accurate, and reliable technique for quantifying apoptotic neurons by means of micropatterned cell cultures. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstencil was used as a physical mask for micropatterning cell cultures, and primary granular neurons (GNs) were successfully cultured within the micropattern-confined regions and homogeneously distributed over the entire field of each pattern. As compared with the conventional method based on random cultures, the micropatterned culture method allowed for highly reproducible quantification of apoptotic cells. These results were also confirmed by using GNs derived from mice with neurodegeneration. We hope that this micropatterning method based on the use of a PDMS microstencil can overcome the technical obstacles existing in current biological studies and will serve as a powerful tool for facilitating the study of apoptosis-involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Gyu Man Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842, South Korea.
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea.
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30
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Pathological roles of the VEGF/SphK pathway in Niemann-Pick type C neurons. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5514. [PMID: 25417698 PMCID: PMC4263144 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine is a major storage compound in Niemann–Pick type C disease (NP–C), although the pathological role(s) of this accumulation have not been fully characterized. Here we found that sphingosine kinase (SphK) activity is reduced in NP–C patient fibroblasts and NP–C mouse Purkinje neurons (PNs) due to defective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Sphingosine accumulation due to inactivation of VEGF/SphK pathway led to PNs loss via inhibition of autophagosome–lysosome fusion in NP–C mice. VEGF activates SphK by binding to VEGFR2, resulting in decreased sphingosine storage as well as improved PNs survival and clinical outcomes in NP–C cells and mice. We also show that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human NP–C neurons are generated and the abnormalities caused by VEGF/SphK inactivity in these cells are corrected by replenishment of VEGF. Overall, these results reveal a pathogenic mechanism in NP–C neurons where defective SphK activity is due to impaired VEGF levels. Sphingosine is abnormally accumulated in Niemann–Pick type C disease (NP–C), but the causes of this accumulation have not been fully characterized. Here the authors show that sphingosine kinase activity is reduced in NP–C patient fibroblasts and NP–C mouse neurons due to defective vascular endothelial growth factor levels, suggesting therapeutic avenues.
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31
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Lee JK, Jin HK, Park MH, Kim BR, Lee PH, Nakauchi H, Carter JE, He X, Schuchman EH, Bae JS. Acid sphingomyelinase modulates the autophagic process by controlling lysosomal biogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1551-70. [PMID: 25049335 PMCID: PMC4113944 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase activity is increased in brain and plasma of mice and patients with Alzheimer’s disease and its inhibition represents a potential new therapeutic intervention for this disease. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), abnormal sphingolipid metabolism has been reported, although the pathogenic consequences of these changes have not been fully characterized. We show that acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is increased in fibroblasts, brain, and/or plasma from patients with AD and in AD mice, leading to defective autophagic degradation due to lysosomal depletion. Partial genetic inhibition of ASM (ASM+/−) in a mouse model of familial AD (FAD; amyloid precursor protein [APP]/presenilin 1 [PS1]) ameliorated the autophagocytic defect by restoring lysosomal biogenesis, resulting in improved AD clinical and pathological findings, including reduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and improvement of memory impairment. Similar effects were noted after pharmacologic restoration of ASM to the normal range in APP/PS1 mice. Autophagic dysfunction in neurons derived from FAD patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was restored by partial ASM inhibition. Overall, these results reveal a novel mechanism of ASM pathogenesis in AD that leads to defective autophagy due to impaired lysosomal biogenesis and suggests that partial ASM inhibition is a potential new therapeutic intervention for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kil Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Min Hee Park
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Bo-ra Kim
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Janet E Carter
- Mental Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6DE, England, UK
| | - Xingxuan He
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, KoreaStem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Cendelin J. From mice to men: lessons from mutant ataxic mice. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2014; 1:4. [PMID: 26331028 PMCID: PMC4549131 DOI: 10.1186/2053-8871-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ataxic mutant mice can be used to represent models of cerebellar degenerative disorders. They serve for investigation of cerebellar function, pathogenesis of degenerative processes as well as of therapeutic approaches. Lurcher, Hot-foot, Purkinje cell degeneration, Nervous, Staggerer, Weaver, Reeler, and Scrambler mouse models and mouse models of SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA23, DRPLA, Niemann-Pick disease and Friedreich ataxia are reviewed with special regard to cerebellar pathology, pathogenesis, functional changes and possible therapeutic influences, if any. Finally, benefits and limitations of mouse models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Lidicka 1, 301 66 Plzen, Czech Republic ; Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic
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33
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Scruggs BA, Zhang X, Bowles AC, Gold PA, Semon JA, Fisher-Perkins JM, Zhang S, Bonvillain RW, Myers L, Li SC, Kalueff AV, Bunnell BA. Multipotent stromal cells alleviate inflammation, neuropathology, and symptoms associated with globoid cell leukodystrophy in the twitcher mouse. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1523-34. [PMID: 23606584 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a common neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in galactocerebrosidase (GALC), an enzyme that cleaves galactocerebroside during myelination. Bone marrow transplantation has shown promise when administered to late-onset GLD patients. However, the side effects (e.g., graft vs. host disease), harsh conditioning regimens (e.g., myelosuppression), and variable therapeutic effects make this an unsuitable option for infantile GLD patients. We previously reported modest improvements in the twitcher mouse model of GLD after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of a low-dose of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). Goals of this study were to improve bone marrow-derived MSC (BMSC) therapy for GLD by increasing the cell dosage and comparing cell type (e.g., transduced vs. native), treatment timing (e.g., single vs. weekly), and administration route (e.g., ICV vs. intraperitoneal [IP]). Neonatal twitcher mice received (a) 2 × 10(5) BMSCs by ICV injection, (b) 1 × 10(6) BMSCs by IP injection, (c) weekly IP injections of 1 × 10(6) BMSCs, or (d) 1 × 10(6) lentiviral-transduced BMSCs overexpressing GALC (GALC-BMSC) by IP injection. All treated mice lived longer than untreated mice. However, the mice receiving peripheral MSC therapy had improved motor function (e.g., hind limb strength and rearing ability), twitching symptoms, and weight compared to both the untreated and ICV-treated mice. Inflammatory cell, globoid cell, and apoptotic cell levels in the sciatic nerves were significantly decreased as a result of the GALC-BMSC or weekly IP injections. The results of this study indicate a promising future for peripheral MSC therapy as a noninvasive, adjunct therapy for patients affected with GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni A Scruggs
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, SL-99; Department of Pharmacology, SL-83
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Lee H, Lee JK, Bae YC, Yang SH, Okino N, Schuchman EH, Yamashita T, Bae JS, Jin HK. Inhibition of GM3 synthase attenuates neuropathology of Niemann-Pick disease Type C. by affecting sphingolipid metabolism. Mol Cells 2014; 37:161-71. [PMID: 24599001 PMCID: PMC3935629 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In several lysosomal storage disorders, including Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NP-C), sphingolipids, including glycosphingolipids, particularly gangliosides, are the predominant storage materials in the brain, raising the possibility that accumulation of these lipids may be involved in the NP-C neurodegenerative process. However, correlation of these accumulations and NP-C neuropathology has not been fully characterized. Here we derived NP-C mice with complete and partial deletion of the Siat9 (encoding GM3 synthase) gene in order to investigate the role of ganglioside in NP-C pathogenesis. According to our results, NPC mice with homozygotic deletion of GM3 synthase exhibited an enhanced neuropathological phenotype and died significantly earlier than NP-C mice. Notably, in contrast to complete depletion, NP-C mice with partial deletion of the GM3 synthase gene showed ameliorated NP-C neuropathology, including motor disability, demyelination, and abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and sphingolipids. These findings indicate the crucial role of GM3 synthesis in the NP-C phenotype and progression of CNS pathologic abnormality, suggesting that well-controlled inhibition of GM3 synthesis could be used as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-412,
Korea
| | - Song Hyun Yang
- Institute of Metabolism, Green Cross Reference Laboratory, Yongin 446-850,
Korea
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581,
Japan
| | - Edward H. Schuchman
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences & Gene and Cell Therapy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,
USA
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- World Class University Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
- Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University,
Japan
| | - Jae-sung Bae
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Physiology, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-842,
Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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Uccelli A. Mesenchymal stem cells exert a remarkable regenerative effect requiring minimal CNS integration. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:292-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lee H, Kang JE, Lee JK, Bae JS, Jin HK. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote proliferation and neuronal differentiation of Niemann-Pick type C mouse neural stem cells by upregulation and secretion of CCL2. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:655-69. [PMID: 23659480 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized neuropathologically by ballooned neurons distended with lipid storage and widespread neuronal loss. Neural stem cells (NSC) derived from NP-C disease models have decreased ability for self-renewal and neuronal differentiation. Investigation of neurogenesis in the adult brain has suggested that NP-C disease can be overcome, or at least ameliorated, by the generation of new neurons. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are regarded as potential candidates for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders because of their ability to promote neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms of BM-MSC-induced promotion of neurogenesis, however, have not been resolved. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanism of neurogenesis by BM-MSCs in NP-C disease. Coculture of embryonic NSCs from NP-C mice that exhibit impaired ability for self-renewal and decreased rates of neuronal differentiation with BM-MSCs resulted in an enhanced capacity for self-renewal and an increased ability for differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes. In addition, results of in vivo studies have demonstrated that transplantation of intracerebral BM-MSCs resulted in stimulated proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs within the subventricular zone. Of particular interest, enhanced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of endogenous NP-C mouse NSCs showed an association with elevated release of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) from BM-MSCs. These effects suggest that soluble CCL2 derived from BM-MSCs can modulate endogenous NP-C NSCs, resulting in their improved proliferation and neuronal differentiation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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Kitatani T, Takahashi S, Ikenoya S. [Pharmacological and clinical profiles of miglustat (Brazaves(®)) for the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2013; 141:160-167. [PMID: 23470482 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.141.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Platt FM, Boland B, van der Spoel AC. The cell biology of disease: lysosomal storage disorders: the cellular impact of lysosomal dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMID: 23185029 PMCID: PMC3514785 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201208152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a family of disorders that result from inherited gene mutations that perturb lysosomal homeostasis. LSDs mainly stem from deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes, but also in some non-enzymatic lysosomal proteins, which lead to abnormal storage of macromolecular substrates. Valuable insights into lysosome functions have emerged from research into these diseases. In addition to primary lysosomal dysfunction, cellular pathways associated with other membrane-bound organelles are perturbed in these disorders. Through selective examples, we illustrate why the term “cellular storage disorders” may be a more appropriate description of these diseases and discuss therapies that can alleviate storage and restore normal cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, England, UK.
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Kim JY, Kim DH, Kim JH, Yang YS, Oh W, Lee EH, Chang JW. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells protect amyloid-β42 neurotoxicity via paracrine. World J Stem Cells 2012; 4:110-116. [PMID: 23293711 PMCID: PMC3536832 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v4.i11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To understand the neuroprotective mechanism of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) against amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) exposed rat primary neurons.
METHODS: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of hUCB-MSCs, the cells were co-cultured with Aβ42-exposed rat primary neuronal cells in a Transwell apparatus. To assess the involvement of soluble factors released from hUCB-MSCs in neuroprotection, an antibody-based array using co-cultured media was conducted. The neuroprotective roles of the identified hUCB-MSC proteins was assessed by treating recombinant proteins or specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for each candidate protein in a co-culture system.
RESULTS: The hUCB-MSCs secreted elevated levels of decorin and progranulin when co-cultured with rat primary neuronal cells exposed to Aβ42. Treatment with recombinant decorin and progranulin protected from Aβ42-neurotoxicity in vitro. In addition, siRNA-mediated knock-down of decorin and progranulin production in hUCB-MSCs reduced the anti-apoptotic effects of hUCB-MSC in the co-culture system.
CONCLUSION: Decorin and progranulin may be involved in anti-apoptotic activity of hUCB-MSCs exposed to Aβ42.
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Lee JK, Schuchman EH, Jin HK, Bae JS. Soluble CCL5 derived from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and activated by amyloid β ameliorates Alzheimer's disease in mice by recruiting bone marrow-induced microglia immune responses. Stem Cells 2012; 30:1544-55. [PMID: 22570192 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microglia have the ability to eliminate amyloid β (Aβ) by a cell-specific phagocytic mechanism, and bone marrow (BM) stem cells have shown a beneficial effect through endogenous microglia activation in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. However, the mechanisms underlying BM-induced activation of microglia have not been resolved. Here we show that BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced the migration of microglia when exposed to Aβ in vitro. Cytokine array analysis of the BM-MSC media obtained after stimulation by Aβ further revealed elevated release of the chemoattractive factor, CCL5. We also observed that CCL5 was increased when BM-MSCs were transplanted into the brains of Aβ-deposited AD mice, but not normal mice. Interestingly, alternative activation of microglia in AD mice was associated with elevated CCL5 expression following intracerebral BM-MSC transplantation. Furthermore, by generating an AD-green fluorescent protein chimeric mouse, we ascertained that endogenous BM cells, recruited into the brain by CCL5, induced microglial activation. Additionally, we observed that neprilysin and interleukin-4 derived from the alternative microglia were associated with a reduction in Aβ deposition and memory impairment in AD mice. These results suggest that the beneficial effects observed in AD mice after intracerebral SC transplantation may be explained by alternative microglia activation. The recruitment of the alternative microglia into the brain is driven by CCL5 secretion from the transplanted BM-MSCs, which itself is induced by Aβ deposition in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kil Lee
- Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Sivaramakrishnan V, Bidula S, Campwala H, Katikaneni D, Fountain SJ. Constitutive lysosome exocytosis releases ATP and engages P2Y receptors in human monocytes. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4567-75. [PMID: 22767503 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating mechanisms by which Ca(2+) signals are generated by monocytes is important for understanding monocyte function in health and disease. We have investigated mechanisms underlying Ca(2+) signals generated following disruption of lysosomes by exposure to the cathepsin C substrate glycyl-L-phenylalanine-β-napthylamide (GPN). Exposure to 0.2 mM GPN resulted in robust increases in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). The response was antagonised by thapsigargin and evoked capacitative Ca(2+) entry. Dantrolene-sensitive Ca(2+) responses were observed at higher concentrations of GPN (0.4 mM) but not at 0.2 mM. Strikingly, GPN-evoked Ca(2+) responses and β-hexosaminidase secretion were inhibited by the ATPase/ADPase apyrase. Simultaneous measurement of [Ca(2+)](i) and extracellular ATP revealed a concomitant secretion of ATP during GPN-evoked Ca(2+) signalling. Furthermore, the ability of GPN to raise [Ca(2+)](i) was inhibited by P2Y receptor antagonists or by inhibiting vesicular exocytosis with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). NEM treatment was associated with an inability of GPN to trigger ATP secretion, a drop in baseline [Ca(2+)](i) and reduction in extracellular ATP concentration. Antagonism of purinergic signalling also caused a reduction in baseline [Ca(2+)](i). In summary, these data suggest that P2Y receptor activation contributes significantly to GPN-evoked Ca(2+) signalling, and that constitutive secretion of lysosomal ATP is a major determinant of Ca(2+) homeostasis in monocytes. Lysosomal Ca(2+) stores can communicate with ER Ca(2+) stores either directly through activation of ryanodine receptors, or indirectly through release of ATP and engagement of P2Y receptors.
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Hong SB, Seo MS, Park SB, Seo YJ, Kim JS, Kang KS. Therapeutic effects of human amniotic epithelial stem cells in Niemann-Pick type C1 mice. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:630-8. [PMID: 22404083 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.663485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC) is an autosomal recessive cholesterol-storage disorder characterized by liver dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly and progressive neurodegeneration. Thus far, studies of NPC mice have been performed mainly to study the brain and neurodegeneration, because degeneration in the brain was known as the primary cause of death in NPC mice. However, NPC is a systemic disease; therefore the purpose of this study was to find the possibility of a general therapeutic effect by applying and tracking transplanted human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESC) in NPC mice. METHODS hAESC were administered to NPC homozygous (NPC(-/-)) mice via intravenous injection from 5 weeks of age; each recipient received 5 × 10(5) cells every other week. The body weight of each of the mice was measured every week, and the survival and state of each mouse was evaluated every day. The weight of the organs was measured, and serum chemistry, histology and the intensity of Filipin staining were evaluated. RESULTS The effect of cell transplantation was to extend the life span and reduce the rapid loss of weight. Moreover, alleviation of tissue damage was observed more in hAESC-treated NPC(-/-) mice than in non-treated NPC(-/-) mice. Cholesterol deposition was reduced after transplantation, and the relative weight of the liver was also decreased. CONCLUSIONS These data show that hAESC could delay the degeneration caused by fatal genetic disorders such as NPC. This study presents the prospect of relief of precipitous disease progression and the therapeutic possibility of applying hAESC to fatal genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet-Byul Hong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo Y, Yang SR, Jee MK, Joo EK, Roh KH, Seo MS, Han TH, Lee SY, Ryu PD, Jung JW, Seo KW, Kang SK, Kang KS. Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against Neuronal Cell Death and Ameliorate Motor Deficits in Niemann Pick Type C1 Mice. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1033-47. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x545086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann Pick disease type C1 (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive neurological deterioration leading to premature death. In this study, we hypothesized that human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have the multifunctional abilities to ameliorate NPC symptoms in the brain. To test this hypothesis, hUCB-MSCs were transplanted into the hippocampus of NPC mice in the early asymptomatic stage. This transplantation resulted in the recovery of motor function in the Rota Rod test and impaired cholesterol homeostasis leading to increased levels of cholesterol efflux-related genes such as LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG5 while decreased levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase were observed in NPC mice. In the cerebrum, hUCB-MSCs enhanced neuronal cell survival and proliferation, where they directly differentiated into electrically active MAP2-positive neurons as demonstrated by whole-cell patch clamping. In addition, we observed that hUCB-MSCs reduced Purkinje neuronal loss by suppression of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling in the cerebellum as shown by immunohistochemistry. We further investigated how hUCB-MSCs enhance cellular survival and inhibit apoptosis in NPC mice. Neuronal cell survival was associated with increased PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling; moreover, hUCB-MSCs modulated the levels of GABA/glutamate transporters such as GAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3, and GAD6 in NPC mice as assessed by Western blot analysis. Taken together, our findings suggest that hUCB-MSCs might play multifunctional roles in neuronal cell survival and ameliorating motor deficits of NPC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Jee
- Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Joo
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Roh
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Han
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jung
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Seo
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kang
- Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lloyd-Evans E, Platt FM. Lysosomal Ca(2+) homeostasis: role in pathogenesis of lysosomal storage diseases. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:200-5. [PMID: 21724254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted cellular Ca(2+) signaling is believed to play a role in a number of human diseases including lysosomal storage diseases (LSD). LSDs are a group of ∼50 diseases caused predominantly by mutations in lysosomal proteins that result in accumulation of macromolecules within the lysosome. We recently reported that Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is the first human disease to be associated with defective lysosomal Ca(2+) uptake and defective NAADP-mediated lysosomal Ca(2+) release. These defects in NPC cells leads to the disruption in endocytosis and subsequent lipid storage that is a feature of this disease. In contrast, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome cells have been reported to have enhanced lysosomal Ca(2+) uptake whilst the TRPML1 protein defective in mucolipidosis type IV is believed to function as a Ca(2+) channel. In this review we provide a summary of the current knowledge on the role of lysosomal Ca(2+) signaling in the pathogenesis of this group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
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45
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Current therapies for the soluble lysosomal forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 38:1484-8. [PMID: 21118112 DOI: 10.1042/bst0381484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The NCLs (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses) are the most common inherited paediatric neurodegenerative disorder. Although genetically distinct, NCLs can be broadly divided into two categories: one in which the mutation results in a defect in a transmembrane protein, and the other where the defect lies in a soluble lysosomal enzyme. A number of therapeutic approaches are applicable to the soluble lysosomal forms of NCL based on the phenomenon of cross-correction, whereby the ubiquitously expressed mannose 6-phosphate/IGF (insulin-like growth factor) II receptor provides an avenue for endocytosis, trafficking and lysosomal processing of extracellularly delivered enzyme. The present review discusses therapeutic utilization of cross-correction by enzyme-replacement therapy, gene therapy and stem cell therapy for the NCLs, along with an overview of the recent progress in translating these treatments into the clinic.
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