1
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Mathey P, Sobczak Q, Darvish A, Morin JF. Synthesis of an azulene-containing graphene nanoribbon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4854-4857. [PMID: 38619615 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00968a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The solution-phase synthesis of a non-benzenoid nanoribbon from an azulene-containing polymer via alkyne benzannulation is reported. The nanoribbon is soluble in common organic solvents and exhibits conductivity values up to 1.5 × 10-3 S cm-1 once doped by protonation in the thin film state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mathey
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Quentin Sobczak
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Ali Darvish
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de Chimie and Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1045 Ave de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.
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2
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Xu X, Kinikar A, Di Giovannantonio M, Pignedoli CA, Ruffieux P, Müllen K, Fasel R, Narita A. On-Surface Synthesis of Anthracene-Fused Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons from 2,7-Dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl Reveals Unexpected Ring Rearrangements. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2024; 2:81-87. [PMID: 38425747 PMCID: PMC10900509 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.3c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful strategy to fabricate unprecedented forms of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). However, the on-surface synthesis of zigzag GNRs (ZGNR) has met with only limited success. Herein, we report the synthesis and on-surface reactions of 2,7-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl as the precursor toward π-extended ZGNRs. Characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy clearly demonstrated the formation of anthracene-fused ZGNRs. Unique skeletal rearrangements were also observed, which could be explained by intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Theoretical calculations of the electronic properties of the anthracene-fused ZGNRs revealed spin-polarized edge-states and a narrow bandgap of 0.20 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amogh Kinikar
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Structure of Matter − CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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3
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Li G, Wang H, Loes M, Saxena A, Yin J, Sarker M, Choi S, Aluru N, Lyding JW, Sinitskii A, Dong G. Hybrid Edge Results in Narrowed Band Gap: Bottom-up Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Bent N = 6/8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4297-4307. [PMID: 38253346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with narrow band gaps has been a nontrivial challenge. Here, we have developed a simple approach to access narrow band gaps using hybrid edge structures. Bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis of bent N = 6/8 armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) has been achieved in high efficiency through copolymerization between an o-terphenyl monomer and a naphthalene-based monomer, followed by Scholl oxidation. An unexpected 1,2-aryl migration has been discovered, which is responsible for introducing kinked structures into the GNR backbones. The N = 6/8 AGNRs have been fully characterized to support the proposed structure and show a narrow band gap and a relatively high electrical conductivity. In addition, their application in efficient gas sensing has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael Loes
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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4
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David AG, Mañas-Torres MC, Codesal MD, López-Sicilia I, Martín-Romero MT, Camacho L, Cuerva JM, Blanco V, Giner-Casares JJ, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Campaña AG. Supramolecular Large Nanosheets Assembled at Air/Water Interfaces and in Solution from Amphiphilic Heptagon-Containing Nanographenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:163-173. [PMID: 38087461 PMCID: PMC10777395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new set of amphiphilic saddle-shaped heptagon-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) functionalized with tetraethylene glycol chains and their self-assembly into large two-dimensional (2D) polymers. An in-depth analysis of the self-assembly mechanism at the air/water interface has been carried out, and the proposed arrangement models are in good agreement with the molecular dynamics simulations. Quite remarkably, the number and disposition of the tetraethylene glycol chains significantly influence the disposition of the PAHs at the interface and conditionate their packing under pressure. For the three compounds studied, we observed three different behaviors in which the aromatic core is parallel, perpendicular, and tilted with respect to the water surface. We also show that these curved PAHs are able to self-assemble in solution into remarkably large sheets of up to 150 μm2. These results show the relationship, within a family of curved nanographenes, between the monomer configuration and their self-assembly capacity in air/water interfaces and organic-water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur
H. G. David
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mari C. Mañas-Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marcos D. Codesal
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Irene López-Sicilia
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María T. Martín-Romero
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Camacho
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J. Giner-Casares
- Departamento
de Química Física y T. Aplicada, Instituto Químico
para la Energía y Medioambiente IQUEMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de
Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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5
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Wang MW, Fan W, Li X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang W, Wu J, Wang Z. Molecular Carbons: How Far Can We Go? ACS NANO 2023; 17:20734-20752. [PMID: 37889626 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The creation and development of carbon nanomaterials promoted material science significantly. Bottom-up synthesis has emerged as an efficient strategy to synthesize atomically precise carbon nanomaterials, namely, molecular carbons, with various sizes and topologies. Different from the properties of the feasibly obtained mixture of carbon nanomaterials, numerous properties of single-component molecular carbons have been discovered owing to their well-defined structures as well as potential applications in various fields. This Perspective introduces recent advances in molecular carbons derived from fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbyne, graphyne, and Schwarzite carbon acquired with different synthesis strategies. By selecting a variety of representative examples, we elaborate on the relationship between molecular carbons and carbon nanomaterials. We hope these multiple points of view presented may facilitate further advancement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Deng H, Qu Z, He Y, Huang C, Panoiu NC, Ye F. Topologically enhanced nonlinear optical response of graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions. QUANTUM FRONTIERS 2023; 2:11. [PMID: 37780230 PMCID: PMC10533637 DOI: 10.1007/s44214-023-00036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonlinear optical properties of heterojunctions made of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) consisting of two segments with either the same or different topological properties. By utilizing a quantum mechanical approach that incorporates distant-neighbor interactions, we demonstrate that the presence of topological interface states significantly enhances the second- and third-order nonlinear optical response of GNR heterojunctions that are created by merging two topologically inequivalent GNRs. Specifically, GNR heterojunctions with topological interface states display third-order harmonic hyperpolarizabilities that are more than two orders of magnitude larger than those of their similarly sized counterparts without topological interface states, whereas the second-order harmonic hyperpolarizabilities exhibit a more than ten-fold contrast between heterojunctions with and without topological interface states. Additionally, we find that the topological state at the interface between two topologically distinct GNRs can induce a noticeable red-shift of the quantum plasmon frequency of the heterojunctions. Our results reveal a general and profound connection between the existence of topological states and an enhanced nonlinear optical response of graphene nanostructures and possible other photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Deng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665 China
| | - Zhihao Qu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665 China
| | - Yingji He
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665 China
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Physics, Changzhi University, Shanxi, 046011 China
| | - Nicolae C. Panoiu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE United Kingdom
| | - Fangwei Ye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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7
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Lee J, Ryu H, Park S, Cho M, Choi TL. Living Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Length-Controlled Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons and Their Block Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37376993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) offers a promising approach for designing atomically precise GNRs with tuneable photophysical properties, but controlling their length remains a challenge. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic protocol for producing length-controlled armchair GNRs (AGNRs) through living Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) using RuPhos-Pd catalyst and mild graphitization methods. Initially, SCTP of a dialkynylphenylene monomer was optimized by modifying boronates and halide moieties on the monomers, affording poly(2,5-dialkynyl-p-phenylene) (PDAPP) with controlled molecular weight (Mn up to 29.8k) and narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.14-1.39) in excellent yield (>85%). Subsequently, we successfully obtained N = 5 AGNRs by employing a mild alkyne benzannulation reaction on the PDAPP precursor and confirmed their length retention by size-exclusion chromatography. In addition, photophysical characterization revealed that a molar absorptivity was directly proportional to the length of the AGNR, while its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level remained constant within the given AGNR length. Furthermore, we prepared, for the very first time, N = 5 AGNR block copolymers with widely used donor or acceptor-conjugated polymers by taking advantage of the living SCTP. Finally, we achieved the lateral extension of AGNRs from N = 5 to 11 by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation in solution and confirmed their chemical structure and low band gap by various spectroscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Ryu
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Songyee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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8
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Dosso J, Oubaha H, Fasano F, Melinte S, Gohy JF, Hughes CE, Harris KDM, Demitri N, Abrami M, Grassi M, Bonifazi D. Boron Nitride-Doped Polyphenylenic Organogels. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:10670-10680. [PMID: 36530943 PMCID: PMC9753561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of the first boron nitride-doped polyphenylenic material obtained through a [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between a triethynyl borazine unit and a biscyclopentadienone derivative, which undergoes organogel formation in chlorinated solvents (the critical jellification concentration is 4% w/w in CHCl3). The polymer has been characterized extensively by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C NMR, solid-state 11B NMR, and by comparison with the isolated monomeric unit. Furthermore, the polymer gels formed in chlorinated solvents have been thoroughly characterized and studied, showing rheological properties comparable to those of polyacrylamide gels with a low crosslinker percentage. Given the thermal and chemical stability, the material was studied as a potential support for solid-state electrolytes. showing properties comparable to those of polyethylene glycol-based electrolytes, thus presenting great potential for the application of this new class of material in lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Dosso
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, U.K.
| | - Hamid Oubaha
- Institute
of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied
Mathematics, Université catholique
de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Francesco Fasano
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, U.K.
| | - Sorin Melinte
- Institute
of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied
Mathematics, Université catholique
de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université
catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Colan E. Hughes
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, U.K.
| | | | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5
in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza—Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Trieste, Via Alfonso,
Valerio, 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Trieste, Via Alfonso,
Valerio, 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CF10 3AT Cardiff, U.K.
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Niu W, Ma J, Feng X. Precise Structural Regulation and Band-Gap Engineering of Curved Graphene Nanoribbons. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3322-3333. [PMID: 36378659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs)─quasi-one-dimensional graphene cutouts─have drawn growing attention as promising candidates for next-generation electronic and spintronic materials. Theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that the electronic and magnetic properties of GNRs critically depend on their widths and edge topologies. Thus, the preparation of structurally defined GNRs is highly desirable not only for their fundamental physicochemical studies but also for their future technological development in carbon-based nanoelectronics. In the past decade, significant efforts have been made to construct a wide variety of GNRs with well-defined widths and edge structures via bottom-up synthesis. In addition to extensively studied planar GNRs consisting of armchair, zigzag, or gulf edges, curved GNRs (cGNRs) bearing cove ([4]helicene unit) or fjord ([5]helicene unit) regions along the ribbon edges have received increasing interest after we presented the first attempt to synthesize the fully cove-edged GNRs in 2015. Profiting from their novel edge topologies, cGNRs usually exhibit an unprecedented narrow band gap and high carrier transport mobility in comparison to the planar GNRs with similar widths. Moreover, cGNRs with particular out-of-plane-distorted structures are expected to provide further opportunities in nonlinear optics and asymmetric catalysis. However, the synthesis of cGNRs bearing cove or fjord edges remains underdeveloped due to the absence of efficient synthetic strategies/methods and suitable molecular precursor design.In this Account, we present the recent advances in the bottom-up synthesis and characterization of structurally defined cGNRs containing cove or fjord edges, mainly from our research group. First, the synthetic strategies toward cGNRs bearing cove edges are described, including the design of molecular monomers and polymer precursors as well as the corresponding polymerization methods, such as Ullmann coupling, Yamamoto coupling, A2B2-type Diels-Alder polymerization, followed by Scholl-type cyclodehydrogenation. The synthesis of typical model compounds is also described to support the understanding of the related cGNRs. In addition, the synthesis of cGNRs containing fjord edges from other research groups via the regioselective Scholl reaction, Hopf cyclization or regioselective photochemical cyclodehydrochlorination approach is presented. Second, we discuss the optoelectronic properties of the as-synthesized cGNRs and reveal the design principle to obtain cGNRs with high charge carrier mobilities. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the design and synthesis of cGNRs are offered. We anticipate that this Account will further stimulate the development of cGNRs through a collaborative effort between different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
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10
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Yin J, Jacobse PH, Pyle D, Wang Z, Crommie MF, Dong G. Programmable Fabrication of Monodisperse Graphene Nanoribbons via Deterministic Iterative Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16012-16019. [PMID: 36017775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
While enormous progress has been achieved in synthesizing atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the preparation of GNRs with a fully predetermined length and monomer sequence remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report a fabrication method that provides access to structurally diverse and monodisperse "designer" GNRs through utilization of an iterative synthesis strategy, in which a single monomer is incorporated into an oligomer chain during each chemical cycle. Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation is subsequently employed to generate the final nanoribbons, and bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy is utilized to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Zhang J, Ma J, Feng X. Precision Synthesis of Boron‐doped Graphene Nanoribbons: Recent Progress and Perspectives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Jiang Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Halle Germany
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12
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New paradigms in molecular nanocarbon science. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Liu Z, Fu S, Liu X, Narita A, Samorì P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Small Size, Big Impact: Recent Progress in Bottom-Up Synthesized Nanographenes for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106055. [PMID: 35218329 PMCID: PMC9259728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanostructures, including 0D graphene quantum dots and 1D graphene nanoribbons, have recently emerged as promising candidates for efficient, green optoelectronic, and energy storage applications. The versatility in their molecular structures offers a large and novel library of nanographenes with excellent and adjustable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this minireview, recent progress on the fundamental understanding of the properties of different graphene nanostructures, and their state-of-the-art applications in optoelectronics and energy storage are summarized. The properties of pristine nanographenes, including high emissivity and intriguing blinking effect in graphene quantum dots, superior charge transport properties in graphene nanoribbons, and edge-specific electrochemistry in various graphene nanostructures, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that emerging nanographene-2D material-based van der Waals heterostructures provide an exciting opportunity for efficient green optoelectronics with tunable characteristics. Finally, challenges and opportunities of the field are highlighted by offering guidelines for future combined efforts in the synthesis, assembly, spectroscopic, and electrical studies as well as (nano)fabrication to boost the progress toward advanced device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigamiOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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15
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Yang L, Ma J, Zheng W, Osella S, Droste J, Komber H, Liu K, Böckmann S, Beljonne D, Hansen MR, Bonn M, Wang HI, Liu J, Feng X. Solution Synthesis and Characterization of a Long and Curved Graphene Nanoribbon with Hybrid Cove-Armchair-Gulf Edge Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200708. [PMID: 35322602 PMCID: PMC9259722 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Curved graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with hybrid edge structures have recently attracted increasing attention due to their unique band structures and electronic properties as a result of their nonplanar conformation. This work reports the solution synthesis of a long and curved multi-edged GNR (cMGNR) with unprecedented cove-armchair-gulf edge structures. The synthesis involves an efficient A2 B2 -type Diels-Alder polymerization between a diethynyl-substituted prefused bichrysene monomer (3b) and a dicyclopenta[e,l]pyrene-5,11-dione derivative (6) followed by FeCl3 -mediated Scholl oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the obtained polyarylenes (P1). Model compounds 1a and 1b are first synthesized to examine the suitability and efficiency of the corresponding polymers for the Scholl reaction. The successful formation of cMGNR from polymer P1 bearing prefused bichrysene units is confirmed by FTIR, Raman, and solid-state NMR analyses. The cove-edge structure of the cMGNR imparts the ribbon with a unique nonplanar conformation as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) simulation, which effectively enhances its dispersibility in solution. The cMGNR has a narrow optical bandgap of 1.61 eV, as estimated from the UV-vis absorption spectrum, which is among the family of low-bandgap solution-synthesized GNRs. Moreover, the cMGNR exhibits a carrier mobility of ≈2 cm2 V-1 s-1 inferred from contact-free terahertz spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation LabCentre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2CWarsaw02–097Poland
| | - Jörn Droste
- Institute of Physical ChemistryWestfal̈ische Wilhelms‐Universitaẗ (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße 28/30MünsterD‐48149Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 6Dresden01069Germany
| | - Kun Liu
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
| | - Steffen Böckmann
- Institute of Physical ChemistryWestfal̈ische Wilhelms‐Universitaẗ (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße 28/30MünsterD‐48149Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversité de MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical ChemistryWestfal̈ische Wilhelms‐Universitaẗ (WWU) MünsterCorrensstraße 28/30MünsterD‐48149Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong999077China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsWeinberg 2Halle06120Germany
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16
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Xuan M, Schumacher C, Bolm C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Activation of Carbon-Rich π-Conjugated Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105497. [PMID: 35048569 PMCID: PMC9259731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry uses mechanical force to break, form, and manipulate chemical bonds to achieve functional transformations and syntheses. Over the last years, many innovative applications of mechanochemistry have been developed. Specifically for the synthesis and activation of carbon-rich π-conjugated materials, mechanochemistry offers reaction pathways that either are inaccessible with other stimuli, such as light and heat, or improve reaction yields, energy consumption, and substrate scope. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in this research field combining the viewpoints of polymer and trituration mechanochemistry. The highlighted mechanochemical transformations include π-conjugated materials as optical force probes, the force-induced release of small dye molecules, and the mechanochemical synthesis of polyacetylene, carbon allotropes, and other π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Xuan
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
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17
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Mahlmeister B, Mahl M, Reichelt H, Shoyama K, Stolte M, Würthner F. Helically Twisted Nanoribbons Based on Emissive Near-Infrared Responsive Quaterrylene Bisimides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10507-10514. [PMID: 35649272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have the potential for next-generation functional devices. So far, GNRs with defined stereochemistry are rarely reported in literature and their optical response is usually bound to the ultraviolet or visible spectral region, while covering the near-infrared (NIR) regime is still challenging. Herein, we report two novel quaterrylene bisimides with either one- or twofold-twisted π-backbones enabled by the steric congestion of a fourfold bay arylation leading to an end-to-end twist of up to 76°. The strong interlocking effect of the π-stacked aryl substituents introduces a rigidification of the chromophore unambiguously proven by single-crystal X-ray analysis. This leads to unexpectedly strong NIR emissions at 862 and 903 nm with quantum yields of 1.5 and 0.9%, respectively, further ensuring high solubility as well as resolvable and highly stable atropo-enantiomers. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of these enantiopure chiral compounds reveals a strong Cotton effect Δε of up to 67 M-1 cm-1 centered far in the NIR region at 849 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Mahlmeister
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Magnus Mahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | | | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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18
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Wei T, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Evolution of Graphene Patterning: From Dimension Regulation to Molecular Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104060. [PMID: 34569112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The realization that nanostructured graphene featuring nanoscale width can confine electrons to open its bandgap has aroused scientists' attention to the regulation of graphene structures, where the concept of graphene patterns emerged. Exploring various effective methods for creating graphene patterns has led to the birth of a new field termed graphene patterning, which has evolved into the most vigorous and intriguing branch of graphene research during the past decade. The efforts in this field have resulted in the development of numerous strategies to structure graphene, affording a variety of graphene patterns with tailored shapes and sizes. The established patterning approaches combined with graphene chemistry yields a novel chemical patterning route via molecular engineering, which opens up a new era in graphene research. In this review, the currently developed graphene patterning strategies is systematically outlined, with emphasis on the chemical patterning. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and the important progress of traditional methods, which are generally categorized into top-down, bottom-up technologies, an exhaustive review of established protocols for emerging chemical patterning is presented. At the end, an outlook for future development and challenges is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Zhao F, Cao T, Louie SG. Topological Phases in Graphene Nanoribbons Tuned by Electric Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:166401. [PMID: 34723587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.166401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) possess distinct symmetry-protected topological phases. We show, through first-principles calculations, that by applying an experimentally accessible transverse electric field, certain boron and nitrogen periodically codoped GNRs have tunable topological phases. The tunability arises from a field-induced band inversion due to an opposite response of the conduction- and valence-band states to the electric field. With a spatially varying applied field, segments of GNRs of distinct topological phases are created, resulting in a field-programmable array of topological junction states, each may be occupied with charge or spin. Our findings not only show that electric field may be used as an easy tuning knob for topological phases in quasi-one-dimensional systems, but also provide new design principles for future GNR-based quantum electronic devices through their topological characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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20
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Inokuma Y, Inaba Y. Polyketone-Based Molecular Ropes as Versatile Components for Functional Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Inokuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuya Inaba
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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21
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Matsumoto K, Onoda A, Kitano T, Sakata T, Yasuda H, Campidelli S, Hayashi T. Thermally Controlled Construction of Fe-N x Active Sites on the Edge of a Graphene Nanoribbon for an Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15101-15112. [PMID: 33720691 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolytically prepared iron and nitrogen codoped carbon (Fe/N/C) catalysts are promising nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell applications. Fabrication of the Fe/N/C catalysts with Fe-Nx active sites having precise structures is now required. We developed a strategy for thermally controlled construction of the Fe-Nx structure in Fe/N/C catalysts by applying a bottom-up synthetic methodology based on a N-doped graphene nanoribbon (N-GNR). The preorganized aromatic rings within the precursors assist graphitization during generation of the N-GNR structure with iron-coordinating sites. The Fe/N/C catalyst prepared from the N-GNR precursor, iron ion, and the carbon support Vulcan XC-72R provides a high onset potential of 0.88 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and promotes efficient four-electron ORR. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies reveal that the N-GNR precursor induces the formation of iron-coordinating nitrogen species during pyrolysis. The details of the graphitization process of the precursor were further investigated by analyzing the precursors pyrolyzed at various temperatures using MgO particles as a sacrificial template, with the results indicating that the graphitized structure was obtained at 700 °C. The preorganized N-GNR precursors and its pyrolysis conditions for graphitization are found to be important factors for generation of the Fe-Nx active sites along with the N-GNR structure in high-performance Fe/N/C catalysts for the ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Onoda
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kitano
- Analysis Technology Center, Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., 5-8 Nishi Otabi-cho, Suita 564-0034, Japan
| | - Takao Sakata
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yasuda
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Stéphane Campidelli
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Saraswat V, Jacobberger RM, Arnold MS. Materials Science Challenges to Graphene Nanoribbon Electronics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3674-3708. [PMID: 33656860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for channel materials in future nanoelectronic devices due to their exceptional electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties and chemical inertness. However, the adoption of GNRs in commercial technologies is currently hampered by materials science and integration challenges pertaining to synthesis and devices. In this Review, we present an overview of the current status of challenges, recent breakthroughs toward overcoming these challenges, and possible future directions for the field of GNR electronics. We motivate the need for exploration of scalable synthetic techniques that yield atomically precise, placed, registered, and oriented GNRs on CMOS-compatible substrates and stimulate ideas for contact and dielectric engineering to realize experimental performance close to theoretically predicted metrics. We also briefly discuss unconventional device architectures that could be experimentally investigated to harness the maximum potential of GNRs in future spintronic and quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert M Jacobberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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23
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Hieu NN, Shih PH, Do TN, Nguyen CV. Multi-orbital tight binding model for the electronic and optical properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons in the presence of a periodic potential. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:155702. [PMID: 33482663 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abdf01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influences of an external electric field with uniform or modulated potential on the electronic and optical properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are explored using the multi-orbital tight-binding Hamiltonian. The interplay between an electric field and interaction between (s,px,py,pz) orbitals remarkably enriches the main features of band structures and absorption spectra. The applied electric field can notably alter the energy dispersions ofπandσbands, leading to the deformation of band-edge states, open and close of a band gap, and modification of the Fermi energy. The vertical optical excitations happen among theπbands, while their available channels depend on the Fermi level which is controlled by theσ-edge bands and a finite potential. With the rich and unique properties, GNRs are suitable candidates for applications in the fields of photodetectors, nanoelectronics, and spintronics. The calculated results are expected to be examined by the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopies and optical spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen N Hieu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Po-Hsin Shih
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Nga Do
- Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chuong V Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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24
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Fei Y, Fu Y, Bai X, Du L, Li Z, Komber H, Low KH, Zhou S, Phillips DL, Feng X, Liu J. Defective Nanographenes Containing Seven-Five-Seven (7-5-7)-Membered Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2353-2360. [PMID: 33502182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Defects have been observed in graphene and are expected to play a key role in its optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. However, because most of the studies focused on the structural characterization, the implications of topological defects on the physicochemical properties of graphene remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a bottom-up synthesis of three novel nanographenes (1-3) with well-defined defects in which seven-five-seven (7-5-7)-membered rings were introduced to their sp2 carbon frameworks. From the X-ray crystallographic analysis, compound 1 adopts a nearly planar structure. Compound 2, with an additional five-membered ring compared to 1, possesses a slightly saddle-shaped geometry. Compound 3, which can be regarded as the "head-to-head" fusion of 1 with two bonds, features two saddles connected together. The resultant defective nanographenes 1-3 were well-investigated by UV-vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and time-resolved absorption spectra and further corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Detailed experimental and theoretical investigations elucidate that these three nanographenes 1-3 exhibit an anti-aromatic character in their ground states and display a high stability under ambient conditions, which contrast with the reported unstable biradicaloid nanographenes that contain heptagons. Our work reported herein offers insights into the understanding of structure-related properties and enables the control of the electronic structures of expanded nanographenes with atomically precise defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Fei
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zichao Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
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25
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Abstract
Structured covalent two-dimensional patterning of graphene with different chemical functionalities constitutes a major challenge in nanotechnology. At the same time, it opens enormous opportunities towards tailoring of physical and chemical properties with limitless combinations of spatially defined surface functionalities. However, such highly integrated carbon-based architectures (graphene embroidery) are so far elusive. Here, we report a practical realization of molecular graphene embroidery by generating regular multiply functionalized patterns consisting of concentric regions of covalent addend binding. These spatially resolved hetero-architectures are generated by repetitive electron-beam lithography/reduction/covalent-binding sequences starting with polymethyl methacrylate covered graphene deposited on a Si/SiO2 substrate. The corresponding functionalization zones carry bromobenzene-, deutero-, and chloro-addends. We employ statistical Raman spectroscopy together with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for an unambiguous characterization. The exquisitely ordered nanoarchitectures of these covalently multi-patterned graphene sheets are clearly visualized. Covalently 2D-patterning graphene with different chemical functionalities is an attractive way to tailor its physical and chemical properties. Here, the authors realize spatially defined 2D-hetereoarchitectures of graphene via a strategy of molecular embroidering.
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26
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Wei T, Al-Fogra S, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Direct Laser Writing on Graphene with Unprecedented Efficiency of Covalent Two-Dimensional Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21926-21931. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Sabrin Al-Fogra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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27
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Chen Z, Narita A, Müllen K. Graphene Nanoribbons: On-Surface Synthesis and Integration into Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001893. [PMID: 32945038 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are quasi-1D graphene strips, which have attracted attention as a novel class of semiconducting materials for various applications in electronics and optoelectronics. GNRs exhibit unique electronic and optical properties, which sensitively depend on their chemical structures, especially the width and edge configuration. Therefore, precision synthesis of GNRs with chemically defined structures is crucial for their fundamental studies as well as device applications. In contrast to top-down methods, bottom-up chemical synthesis using tailor-made molecular precursors can achieve atomically precise GNRs. Here, the synthesis of GNRs on metal surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) conditions is the main focus, and the recent progress in the field is summarized. The UHV method leads to successful unambiguous visualization of atomically precise structures of various GNRs with different edge configurations. The CVD protocol, in contrast, achieves simpler and industry-viable fabrication of GNRs, allowing for the scale up and efficient integration of the as-grown GNRs into devices. The recent updates in device studies are also addressed using GNRs synthesized by both the UHV method and CVD, mainly for transistor applications. Furthermore, views on the next steps and challenges in the field of on-surface synthesized GNRs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, D-50939, Cologne, Germany
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28
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Liu J, Feng X. Maßgeschneiderte Synthese von Graphennanostrukturen mit Zickzack‐Rändern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), und Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), und Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Deutschland
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29
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Liu J, Feng X. Synthetic Tailoring of Graphene Nanostructures with Zigzag-Edged Topologies: Progress and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23386-23401. [PMID: 32720441 PMCID: PMC7756885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical investigations have revealed that the chemical and physical properties of graphene are crucially determined by their topological structures. Therefore, the atomically precise synthesis of graphene nanostructures is essential. A particular example is graphene nanostructures with zigzag-edged structures, which exhibit unique (opto)electronic and magnetic properties owing to their spin-polarized edge state. Recent progress in the development of synthetic methods and strategies as well as characterization methods has given access to this class of unprecedented graphene nanostructures, which used to be purely molecular objectives in theoretical chemistry. Thus, clear insight into the structure-property relationships has become possible as well as new applications in organic carbon-based electronic and spintronic devices. In this Minireview, we discuss the recent progress in the controlled synthesis of zigzag-edged graphene nanostructures with different topologies through a bottom-up synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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30
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Liu Z, Chen Z, Wang C, Wang HI, Wuttke M, Wang XY, Bonn M, Chi L, Narita A, Müllen K. Bottom-Up, On-Surface-Synthesized Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons for Ultra-High-Power Micro-Supercapacitors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17881-17886. [PMID: 33021787 PMCID: PMC7582623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up-synthesized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with excellent electronic properties are promising materials for energy storage systems. Herein, we report bottom-up-synthesized GNR films employed as electrode materials for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). The micro-device delivers an excellent volumetric capacitance and an ultra-high power density. The electrochemical performance of MSCs could be correlated with the charge carrier mobility within the differently employed GNRs, as determined by pump-probe terahertz spectroscopy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zongping Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Can Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Wuttke
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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31
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Wei T, Bao L, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Recent Advances in Graphene Patterning. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1655-1668. [PMID: 32757359 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging field of research, graphene patterning has received considerable attention because of its ability to tailor the structure of graphene and the respective properties, aiming at practical applications such as electronic devices, catalysts, and sensors. Recent efforts in this field have led to the development of a variety of different approaches to pattern graphene sheets, providing a multitude of graphene patterns with different shapes and sizes. These established patterning techniques in combination with graphene chemistry have paved the road towards highly attractive chemical patterning approaches, establishing a very promising and vigorously developing research topic. In this review, an overview of commonly used strategies is presented that are categorized into top-down and bottom-up routes for graphene patterning, focusing mainly on new advances. Other than the introduction of basic concepts of each method, the advantages/disadvantages are compared as well. In addition, for the first time, an overview of chemical patterning techniques is outlined. At the end, the challenges and future perspectives in the field are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lipiao Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Ito H, Matsuoka W, Yano Y, Shibata M, Itami K. Annulative π-Extension (APEX) Reactions for Precise Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
| | | | | | | | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
- JST-ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
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33
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Liu Z, Qiu H, Wang C, Chen Z, Zyska B, Narita A, Ciesielski A, Hecht S, Chi L, Müllen K, Samorì P. Photomodulation of Charge Transport in All-Semiconducting 2D-1D van der Waals Heterostructures with Suppressed Persistent Photoconductivity Effect. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001268. [PMID: 32378243 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures (VDWHs), obtained via the controlled assembly of 2D atomically thin crystals, exhibit unique physicochemical properties, rendering them prototypical building blocks to explore new physics and for applications in optoelectronics. As the emerging alternatives to graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides and bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising candidates for overcoming the shortcomings of graphene, such as the absence of a bandgap in its electronic structure, which is essential in optoelectronics. Herein, VDWHs comprising GNRs onto monolayer MoS2 are fabricated. Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on such VDWHs show an efficient suppression of the persistent photoconductivity typical of MoS2 , resulting from the interfacial charge transfer process. The MoS2 -GNR FETs exhibit drastically reduced hysteresis and more stable behavior in the transfer characteristics, which is a prerequisite for the further photomodulation of charge transport behavior within the MoS2 -GNR VDWHs. The physisorption of photochromic molecules onto the MoS2 -GNR VDWHs enables reversible light-driven control over charge transport. In particular, the drain current of the MoS2 -GNR FET can be photomodulated by 52%, without displaying significant fatigue over at least 10 cycles. Moreover, four distinguishable output current levels can be achieved, demonstrating the great potential of MoS2 -GNR VDWHs for multilevel memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Haixin Qiu
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Can Wang
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Zongping Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Björn Zyska
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 12489, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, Aachen, 52056, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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34
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Xu X, Müllen K, Narita A. Syntheses and Characterizations of Functional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Graphene Nanoribbons. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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35
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Fu Y, Yang H, Gao Y, Huang L, Berger R, Liu J, Lu H, Cheng Z, Du S, Gao H, Feng X. On‐Surface Synthesis of NBN‐Doped Zigzag‐Edged Graphene Nanoribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hong‐Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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36
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Fu Y, Yang H, Gao Y, Huang L, Berger R, Liu J, Lu H, Cheng Z, Du S, Gao HJ, Feng X. On-Surface Synthesis of NBN-Doped Zigzag-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8873-8879. [PMID: 32134547 PMCID: PMC7318338 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the first bottom‐up synthesis of NBN‐doped zigzag‐edged GNRs (NBN‐ZGNR1 and NBN‐ZGNR2) through surface‐assisted polymerization and cyclodehydrogenation based on two U‐shaped molecular precursors with an NBN unit preinstalled at the zigzag edge. The resultant zigzag‐edge topologies of GNRs are elucidated by high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the electronic structures of NBN‐ZGNR1 and NBN‐ZGNR2 are significantly different from those of their corresponding pristine fully‐carbon‐based ZGNRs. Additionally, DFT calculations predict that the electronic structures of NBN‐ZGNRs can be further tailored to be gapless and metallic through one‐electron oxidation of each NBN unit into the corresponding radical cations. This work reported herein provides a feasible strategy for the synthesis of GNRs with stable zigzag edges yet tunable electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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37
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Takano H, Shiozawa N, Imai Y, Kanyiva KS, Shibata T. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) via Regioselective C–C Bond Activation of Biphenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4714-4722. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Natsumi Shiozawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577−8502, Japan
| | - Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- Global Center of Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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38
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Yano Y, Wang F, Mitoma N, Miyauchi Y, Ito H, Itami K. Step-Growth Annulative π-Extension Polymerization for Synthesis of Cove-Type Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1686-1691. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Yano
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Feijiu Wang
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mitoma
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Bang K, Choi T. Synthesis of Well‐Defined Poly(norbornene) Containing Carbon Nanodots by Controlled ROMP. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki‐Taek Bang
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Lim Choi
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Yano Y, Mitoma N, Ito H, Itami K. A Quest for Structurally Uniform Graphene Nanoribbons: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. J Org Chem 2019; 85:4-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Yano
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mitoma
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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41
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Synthetic Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons with Excellent Liquid-Phase Processability. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Takagi K, Yamada Y. Ladderization of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative: Synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer by intramolecular oxidative cyclization. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yan J, Rahman MS, Yoshikai N. Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of 1-Halo-8-arylnaphthalenes and Alkynes Leading to Heptagon-Embedded Aromatic Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:9395-9399. [PMID: 30457177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed heptagon-forming annulation reaction between 1-halo-8-arylnaphthalene and diarylacetylene is reported. The reaction is promoted using a catalytic system comprised of Pd(OAc)2 , moderately electron-deficient triarylphosphine P(4-ClC6 H4 )3 , and Ag2 CO3 to afford benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2,3-de]naphthalene derivatives in moderate to good yields, in preference to fluoranthene as a competing byproduct. Twofold annulation can also be achieved to access a novel heptagon-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Yano Y, Mitoma N, Matsushima K, Wang F, Matsui K, Takakura A, Miyauchi Y, Ito H, Itami K. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Living annulative π-extension polymerization for graphene nanoribbon synthesis. Nature 2019; 571:387-392. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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46
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47
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Mathew BP, Kuram MR. Emerging C H functionalization strategies for constructing fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nanographenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Jacobse PH, Simonov KA, Mangnus MJJ, Svirskiy GI, Generalov AV, Vinogradov AS, Sandell A, Mårtensson N, Preobrajenski AB, Swart I. One Precursor but Two Types of Graphene Nanoribbons: On-Surface Transformations of 10,10'-Dichloro-9,9'-bianthryl on Ag(111). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:8892-8901. [PMID: 31001369 PMCID: PMC6463537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged in the last decade as a method to create graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with atomic precision. The underlying premise of this bottom-up strategy is that precursor molecules undergo a well-defined sequence of inter- and intramolecular reactions, leading to the formation of a single product. As such, the structure of the GNR is encoded in the precursors. However, recent examples have shown that not only the molecule, but also the coinage metal surface on which the reaction takes place, plays a decisive role in dictating the nanoribbon structure. In this work, we use scanning probe microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the behavior of 10,10'-dichloro-9,9'-bianthryl (DCBA) on Ag(111). Our study shows that Ag(111) can induce the formation of both seven-atom wide armchair GNRs (7-acGNRs) and 3,1-chiral GNRs (3,1-cGNRs), demonstrating that a single molecule on a single surface can react to different nanoribbon products. We additionally show that coadsorbed dibromoperylene can promote surface-assisted dehydrogenative coupling in DCBA, leading to the exclusive formation of 3,1-cGNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Jacobse
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin A. Simonov
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark J. J. Mangnus
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gleb I. Svirskiy
- V.A.
Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg
State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander S. Vinogradov
- V.A.
Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg
State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anders Sandell
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Mårtensson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ingmar Swart
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Liu D, Dai L, Lin X, Chen JF, Zhang J, Feng X, Müllen K, Zhu X, Dai S. Chemical Approaches to Carbon-Based Metal-Free Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804863. [PMID: 30644998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly active and durable catalysts play a key role in clean energy technologies. However, the high cost, low reserves, and poor stability of noble-metal-based catalysts have hindered the large-scale development of renewable energy. Owing to their low cost, earth abundance, high activity, and excellent stability, carbon-based metal-free catalysts (CMFCs) are promising alternatives to precious-metal-based catalysts. Although many synthetic methods based on solution, surface/interface, solid state, and noncovalent chemistries have been developed for producing numerous CMFCs with diverse structures and functionalities, there is still a lack of effective approaches to precisely control the structures of active sites. Therefore, novel chemical approaches are needed for the development of highly active and durable CMFCs that are capable of replacing precious-metal catalysts for large-scale applications. Herein, a comprehensive and critical review on chemical approaches to CMFCs is given by summarizing important advancements, current challenges, and future perspectives in this emerging field. Through such a critical review, our understanding of CMFCs and the associated synthetic processes will be significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liming Dai
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Science and Engineering for Carbon (Case4Carbon), Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xuanni Lin
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37831, USA
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50
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Narita A, Chen Z, Chen Q, Müllen K. Solution and on-surface synthesis of structurally defined graphene nanoribbons as a new family of semiconductors. Chem Sci 2019; 10:964-975. [PMID: 30774890 PMCID: PMC6349060 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are quasi-one-dimensional subunits of graphene and have open bandgaps in contrast to the zero-bandgap graphene. The high potential of GNRs as a new family of carbon-based semiconductors, e.g. for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications, has boosted the research attempts towards fabrication of GNRs. The predominant top-down methods such as lithographical patterning of graphene and unzipping of carbon nanotubes cannot prevent defect formation. In contrast, bottom-up chemical synthesis, starting from tailor-made molecular precursors, can achieve atomically precise GNRs. In this account, we summarize our recent research progress in the bottom-up synthesis of GNRs through three different methods, namely (1) in solution, (2) on-surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, and (3) on-surface through chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The solution synthesis allows fabrication of long (>600 nm) and liquid-phase-processable GNRs that can also be functionalized at the edges. On the other hand, the on-surface synthesis under UHV enables formation of zigzag GNRs and in situ visualization of their chemical structures by atomic-resolution scanning probe microscopy. While the on-surface synthesis under UHV is typically costly and has limited scalability, the industrially viable CVD method can allow lower-cost production of large GNR films. We compare the three methods in terms of the affordable GNR structures and the resulting control of their electronic and optical properties together with post-processing for device integration. Further, we provide our views on future perspectives in the field of bottom-up GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Zongping Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany . ;
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
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