1
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Huang HL, Li S, Lv YZ, Shi YQ, Pang TT, Zhang RF, Huang W, Yin J, Gao F. Efficient Functionalization of Organosulfones via Photoredox Catalysis: Direct Incorporation of α-Carbonyl Alkyl Side Chains into α-Allyl- β-Ketosulfones. Molecules 2024; 29:1971. [PMID: 38731462 PMCID: PMC11085174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient method for functionalizing organosulfones has been established, utilizing a visible-light-driven intermolecular radical cascade cyclization of α-allyl-β-ketosulfones. This process employs fac-Ir(ppy)3 as the photoredox catalyst and α-carbonyl alkyl bromide as the oxidizing agent. Via this approach, the substrates experience intermolecular addition of α-carbonyl alkyl radicals to the alkene bonds, initiating a sequence of C-C bond formations that culminate in the production of organosulfone derivatives. Notably, this technique features gentle reaction conditions and an exceptional compatibility with a wide array of functional groups, making it a versatile and valuable addition to the field of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-Q.S.); (T.-T.P.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Shan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-Q.S.); (T.-T.P.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Yong-Zheng Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-Q.S.); (T.-T.P.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Ya-Qian Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-Q.S.); (T.-T.P.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Tian-Tian Pang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-Q.S.); (T.-T.P.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Ru-Fen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.L.); (Y.-Z.L.); (Y.-Q.S.); (T.-T.P.); (R.-F.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianhui Yin
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (W.H.); (J.Y.)
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2
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Mohar M, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Visible Light Induced Three-Component 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300121. [PMID: 37309268 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing visible-light in organic synthesis is one of the most effective methods that aligns with green and sustainable chemistry principles and hence skyrocketed in the last two decades. Similarly, three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes has recently been a great choice to construct complex molecular systems in an easy and rapid manner. Therefore, light-induced reactions can be an excellent alternative to carry out 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization reactions, and very recently, organic chemists across the globe have fascinated us with their interesting articles. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancements in the area of visible light induced three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes till March 2023. We have categorized the discussion based on the catalysts used to carry out the transformations for better understanding and different important aspects of these transformations have also been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrittika Mohar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, India
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3
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Hyeon Ka C, Kim S, Jin Cho E. Visible Light-Induced Metal-Free Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300036. [PMID: 36942971 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylation is a crucial synthetic process that enables the modification of molecules with fluoroalkyl groups, which can enhance the properties of compounds and have potential applications in medicine and materials science. The utilization of visible light-induced, metal-free methods is of particular importance as it provides an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods and eliminates the potential risks associated with metal-catalyst toxicity. This Account describes our studies on visible light-induced, metal-free fluoroalkylation processes, which include the use of organic photocatalysts or EDA complexes. We have utilized organophotocatalysts such as Nile red, tri(9-anthryl)borane, and an indole-based tetracyclic complex, as well as catalyst-free EDA chemistry through photoactive halogen bond formation or an unconventional transient ternary complex formation with nucleophilic fluoroalkyl source. A variety of π-systems including arenes/heteroarenes, alkenes, and alkynes have been successfully fluoroalkylated under the developed reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hyeon Ka
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kawamura S, Sodeoka M. Understanding and Controlling Fluorinated Diacyl Peroxides and Fluoroalkyl Radicals in Alkene Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300202. [PMID: 37522613 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for practical methods for the synthesis of novel fluoroalkyl molecules is increasing owing to their diverse applications. Our group has achieved efficient difunctionalizing fluoroalkylations of alkenes using fluorinated carboxylic anhydrides as user-friendly fluoroalkyl sources. Fluorinated diacyl peroxide, prepared in situ from carboxylic anhydrides, enables the development of novel reactions when used as a radical fluoroalkylating reagent. In this account, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the structure, bonding, and reactivity of fluorinated diacyl peroxides and radicals as well as their control in fluoroalkylation reactions. In the first part of this account, the physical properties and reactivity of diacyl peroxides and fluoroalkyl radicals are described. In the subsequent part, we categorize the reactions into copper-catalyzed and metal-free methods utilizing the oxidizing properties of fluorinated diacyl peroxides. We also outline examples and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawamura
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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5
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Li H, Fu J, Fu J, Li X, Wei D, Chen H, Bai L, Yang L, Yang H, Wang W. Regioselective and Diastereoselective Halofunctionalization of Alkenes Promoted by Organophotocatalytic Solar Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37154472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light metal-free photocatalytic regioselective and enantioselective alkene halofunctionalization reaction under mild conditions is reported. Various terminal and internal alkenes were transformed to their α-halogenated and α,β-dibrominated derivatives in good to excellent yields within reaction time as short as 5 min. Water can be used as the "green" nucleophile and solvent in the halohydroxylation and halo-oxidation reactions. Different types of products can be obtained by adjusting the reaction conditions. In addition, sunlight is proved to produce products with similar yields, representing a practical example of solar synthesis and providing an opportunity for solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Fu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jundong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xueji Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Donglei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hou Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Liangjiu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Huawei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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6
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Bi MH, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Visible-Light-Induced Photoredox-Catalyzed Selective 1,4-Difluoroalkylesterification of 1-Aryl-1,3-dienes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7589-7594. [PMID: 36208484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A selective three-component 1,4-difluoroalkylesterification of 1-aryl-1,3-dienes enabled by dual photoredox and copper catalysis is described. This protocol uses commercially available CF2-reagents as radical precursors and carboxylic acids as oxygen-based nucleophiles, providing access to difluoroalkylated allylic esters. This protocol could be extended to intramolecular two-component 1,4-difluoroalkylesterification to access 3-substituted benzobutyrolactones. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hang Bi
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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7
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Zhang ZQ, Sang YQ, Wang CQ, Dai P, Xue XS, Piper JL, Peng ZH, Ma JA, Zhang FG, Wu J. Difluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using Freon-22 through Tertiary Amine-Borane-Triggered Halogen Atom Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14288-14296. [PMID: 35895322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of abundant and inexpensive fluorine feedstock sources to synthesize fluorinated compounds is an appealing yet underexplored strategy. Here, we report a photocatalytic radical hydrodifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes with an inexpensive industrial chemical, chlorodifluoromethane (ClCF2H, Freon-22). This protocol is realized by merging tertiary amine-ligated boryl radical-induced halogen atom transfer (XAT) with organophotoredox catalysis under blue light irradiation. A broad scope of readily accessible alkenes featuring a variety of functional groups and drug and natural product moieties could be selectively difluoromethylated with good efficiency in a metal-free manner. Combined experimental and computational studies suggest that the key XAT process of ClCF2H is both thermodynamically and kinetically favored over the hydrogen atom transfer pathway owing to the formation of a strong boron-chlorine (B-Cl) bond and the low-lying antibonding orbital of the carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yue-Qian Sang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. of China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Peng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. of China
| | - Jared L Piper
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhi-Hui Peng
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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8
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Levitre G, Granados A, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Molander GA. Synthesis of α-Fluorinated Areneacetates through Photoredox/Copper Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:3194-3198. [PMID: 35467893 PMCID: PMC10412000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of mild and practical conditions for the fluoroalkylation of arenes is an ongoing challenge in chemical organic synthesis. Herein, we report a metallaphotoredox method for the preparation of fluoroalkyl arenes based on the synergistic combination of Ir/Cu dual catalysis from boronic acids. The mild conditions allow broad functional group tolerance, including substrates containing aldehydes, free phenols, and N-Boc-protected amines. Mechanistic investigations support a process proceeding via photoredox/copper dual catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Levitre
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Albert Granados
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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9
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Liao L, Zhang Y, Wu ZW, Ye ZT, Zhang XX, Chen G, Yu JS. Nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantio-selective Markovnikov hydromonofluoroalkylation of 1,3-dienes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12519-12526. [PMID: 36382272 PMCID: PMC9629049 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly enantio- and regio-selective Markovnikov hydromonofluoro(methyl)alkylation of 1,3-dienes was developed using redox-neutral nickel catalysis. It provided a facile strategy to construct diverse monofluoromethyl- or monofluoroalkyl-containing chiral allylic molecules. Notably, this represents the first catalytic asymmetric Markovnikov hydrofluoroalkylation of olefins. The practicability of this methodology is further highlighted by its broad substrate scope, mild base-free conditions, excellent enantio- and regio-selectivity, and diversified product elaborations to access useful fluorinated building blocks. We report a highly enantio- and regio-selective Markovnikov hydromonofluoro(methyl)alkylation of 1,3-dienes using chiral Ni catalysis, allowing access to chiral allylic compounds bearing a CH2F, CD2F or monofluoroalkyl group at the stereocenter.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xue-Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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10
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Feng J, Jia X, Zhang S, Lu K, Cahard D. State of knowledge in photoredox-catalysed direct difluoromethylation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00551d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of visible light photoredox catalysis with direct difluoromethylation has allowed the synthesis of a large choice of CF2H-containing value-added molecules under very mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Feng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Dominique Cahard
- CNRS, UMR 6014 COBRA, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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11
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Gao P, Niu YJ, Yang F, Guo LN, Duan XH. Three-component 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes involving alkyl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:730-746. [PMID: 34931629 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes represents an appealing strategy for chemical bond formation in organic synthesis, which could enable the rapid construction of molecular complexity from simple and readily available starting materials by incorporating two functional groups onto a carbon-carbon double bond in one step. In this field, the dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes with different alkyl radicals in a controlled manner represents an elegant and versatile strategy to access structurally diverse functionalized alkanes, which have witnessed significant progress over the last five years. Due to the importance of alkyl radicals in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the development of alkyl radical precursors including electrophilic precursors such as alkyl halides, alkyl peroxides, alkyl NHP esters, cycloketone oxime esters, and Katritzky pyridinium salts, and nucleophilic precursors such as alkyl acids, alkyl oxalates, alkylborates, alkylsilicates, and unactivated hydrocarbons, which generate alkyl radicals by photocatalysis or transition metal catalysis to engage in dicarbofunctionalization under oxidative reaction conditions, redox-neutral conditions, or reductive conditions. The mechanisms of these dicarbofunctionalization reactions have also been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yue-Jie Niu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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12
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Xie ZZ, Zheng Y, Tang K, Guan JP, Yuan CP, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Chen K, Chen XQ, Yang H. Visible-Light-Promoted Hydroxydifluoroalkylation of Alkenes Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2021; 23:9474-9479. [PMID: 34846152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free strategy for regioselective hydroxydifluoroalkylation of alkenes with alkyl bromides was developed, affording a series of difluoroalkylated tertiary alcohols in moderate to good yields. This photocatalyst-free protocol shows broad substrate scope under mild conditions. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that a newly identified electron donor-acceptor complex is crucial to this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P.R. China
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13
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Baishya G, Dutta NB. Recent Advances in Direct C−H Trifluoromethylation of N‐Heterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gakul Baishya
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Nibedita B. Dutta
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Rain Forest Research Institute Jorhat 785001 India
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14
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Xiao Q, Lu M, Deng Y, Jian JX, Tong QX, Zhong JJ. Photoinduced Radical Cascade Cyclization: A Metal-Free Approach to Access Difluoroalkylated Dioxodibenzothiazepines. Org Lett 2021; 23:9303-9308. [PMID: 34806891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple and mild photoredox catalytic approach to access difluoroalkylated dioxodibenzothiazepines in high regioselectivity via radical cascade cyclization has been described herein. In contrast to previous methods, this strategy does not involve the use of transition-metal catalysts and avoids the potential disadvantages of inevitable toxicity and the tedious removal process of metal catalysts. The commercially available and inexpensive CF2 precursors, wide substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions demonstrate the practicability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, P. R. China
| | - Maojian Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Yinglan Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ji Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
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Lin S, Chen Y, Luo X, Li Y. Sustainable Cascades to Difluoroalkylated Polycyclic Imidazoles. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐Nan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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Rafique J, Rampon DS, Azeredo JB, Coelho FL, Schneider PH, Braga AL. Light-mediated Seleno-Functionalization of Organic Molecules: Recent Advances. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2739-2761. [PMID: 33656248 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds constitute an important class of substances with applications in the biological, medicinal and material sciences as well as in modern organic synthesis, attracting considerable attention from the scientific community. Therefore, the construction of the C-Se bond via facile, efficient and sustainable strategies to access complex scaffolds from simple substrates are an appealing and hot topic. Visible light can be regarded as an alternative source of energy and is associated with environmentally-friendly processes. Recently, the use of visible-light mediated seleno-functionalization has emerged as an ideal and powerful route to obtain high-value selenylated products, with diminished cost and waste. This approach, involving photo-excited substrates/catalyst and single-electron transfer (SET) between substrates in the presence of visible light has been successfully used in the versatile and direct insertion of organoselenium moieties in activated and unactivated C(sp3 )-H, C(sp2 )-H, C(sp)-H bonds as well as C-heteroatom bonds. In most cases, ease of operation and accessibility of the light source (LEDs or commercial CFL bulbs) makes this approach more attractive and sustainable than the traditional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química (INQUI), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul -UFMS, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS -, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Rampon
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, 81531-990, PR Brazil
| | - Juliano B Azeredo
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, 97500-970, RS -, Brazil
| | - Felipe L Coelho
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Braga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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