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Denomme MM, McCallie BR, Haywood ME, Parks JC, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Paternal aging impacts expression and epigenetic markers as early as the first embryonic tissue lineage differentiation. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:32. [PMID: 38532526 PMCID: PMC10964547 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with adverse outcomes to offspring health, including increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylome and transcriptome of the first two early embryonic tissue lineages, the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE), from human blastocysts in association with paternal age and disease risk. High quality human blastocysts were donated with patient consent from donor oocyte IVF cycles from either APA (≥ 50 years) or young fathers. Blastocysts were mechanically separated into ICM and TE lineage samples for both methylome and transcriptome analyses. RESULTS Significant differential methylation and transcription was observed concurrently in ICM and TE lineages of APA-derived blastocysts compared to those from young fathers. The methylome revealed significant enrichment for neuronal signaling pathways, as well as an association with neurodevelopmental disorders and imprinted genes, largely overlapping within both the ICM and TE lineages. Significant enrichment of neurodevelopmental signaling pathways was also observed for differentially expressed genes, but only in the ICM. In stark contrast, no significant signaling pathways or gene ontology terms were identified in the trophectoderm. Despite normal semen parameters in aged fathers, these significant molecular alterations can adversely contribute to downstream impacts on offspring health, in particular neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders is well described in children conceived by aged fathers. Using blastocysts derived from donor oocyte IVF cycles to strategically control for maternal age, our data reveals evidence of methylation dysregulation in both tissue lineages, as well as transcription dysregulation in neurodevelopmental signaling pathways associated with APA fathers. This data also reveals that embryos derived from APA fathers do not appear to be compromised for initial implantation potential with no significant pathway signaling disruption in trophectoderm transcription. Collectively, our work provides insights into the complex molecular mechanisms that occur upon paternal aging during the first lineage differentiation in the preimplantation embryo. Early expression and epigenetic markers of APA-derived preimplantation embryos highlight the susceptibility of the future fetus to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blair R McCallie
- CCRM Genetics, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Mary E Haywood
- CCRM Genetics, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Jason C Parks
- CCRM Genetics, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
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Panier S, Wang S, Schumacher B. Genome Instability and DNA Repair in Somatic and Reproductive Aging. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:261-290. [PMID: 37832947 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-093128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic material is constantly subjected to genotoxic insults and is critically dependent on DNA repair. Genome maintenance mechanisms differ in somatic and germ cells as the soma only requires maintenance during an individual's lifespan, while the germline indefinitely perpetuates its genetic information. DNA lesions are recognized and repaired by mechanistically highly diverse repair machineries. The DNA damage response impinges on a vast array of homeostatic processes and can ultimately result in cell fate changes such as apoptosis or cellular senescence. DNA damage causally contributes to the aging process and aging-associated diseases, most prominently cancer. By causing mutations, DNA damage in germ cells can lead to genetic diseases and impact the evolutionary trajectory of a species. The mechanisms ensuring tight control of germline DNA repair could be highly instructive in defining strategies for improved somatic DNA repair. They may provide future interventions to maintain health and prevent disease during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Panier
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease and Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Siyao Wang
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease and Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease and Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Navarro-Gomezlechon A, Gil Juliá M, Pacheco-Rendón RM, Hervás I, Mossetti L, Rivera-Egea R, Garrido N. Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes Are Not Associated with Advanced Paternal Age in IVF or ICSI Pregnancies with Autologous Oocytes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1256. [PMID: 37759655 PMCID: PMC10525525 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been an evident delay in childbearing and concerns have been raised about whether this increase in age affects reproductive outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paternal age on obstetrical and perinatal outcomes in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection using autologous sperm and oocytes. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated obstetrical and perinatal outcomes from 14,125 couples that were arbitrarily divided into three groups according to paternal age at conception: ≤30 (n = 1164), 31-40 (n = 11,668) and >40 (n = 1293). Statistics consisted of a descriptive analysis followed by univariate and multivariate models, using the youngest age group as a reference. RESULTS The study showed significantly longer pregnancies for the fathers aged 31-40 compared to ≤30 years. However, there were no significant differences for the type of delivery, gestational diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, delivery threat, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, very preterm birth, and the neonate's sex, weight, low birth weight, very low birth weight, length, cranial perimeter, Apgar score and neonatal intensive care unit admission. CONCLUSION Despite our promising results for older fathers, as paternal age was not associated with clinically relevant obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, future well-designed studies are necessary as it has been associated with other important disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro-Gomezlechon
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.J.); (R.M.P.-R.); (N.G.)
| | - María Gil Juliá
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.J.); (R.M.P.-R.); (N.G.)
| | - Rosa María Pacheco-Rendón
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.J.); (R.M.P.-R.); (N.G.)
| | - Irene Hervás
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVIRMA Roma, Via Federico Calabresi, 11, 00169 Roma, Italy; (I.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mossetti
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVIRMA Roma, Via Federico Calabresi, 11, 00169 Roma, Italy; (I.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Rocío Rivera-Egea
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, Andrology Laboratory and Sperm Bank, IVIRMA Valencia, Plaza de la Policia Local 3, 46015 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nicolás Garrido
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.J.); (R.M.P.-R.); (N.G.)
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Navarro-Gomezlechon A, Gil Juliá M, Hervás I, Mossetti L, Rivera-Egea R, Garrido N. Advanced Paternal Age Does Not Affect Medically-Relevant Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes following IVF or ICSI in Humans with Donated Oocytes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031014. [PMID: 36769665 PMCID: PMC9918020 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concomitant with delays in childbearing, concerns have been raised of whether advanced paternal age is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, but the evidence is controversial in part due to the uncertain threshold in which to consider advanced paternal age and confounding maternal factors. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of paternal age on reproductive outcomes related to the pregnancy and perinatal health of the offspring. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 16,268 cases of patients who underwent IVF or ICSI (using autologous sperm and donated oocytes, between January 2008 and March 2020, at Spanish IVIRMA clinics. Patients were divided based on paternal age at conception [≤30 (n = 204), 31-40 (n = 5752), and >40 years (n = 10,312)], and the differences in obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were analyzed by descriptive analysis, followed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Fathers 31-40 and >40 years old were associated with lower odds of caesarean delivery [AOR 0.63 (95% CI, 0.44-0.90; p = 0.012) and AOR 0.61 (95% CI, 0.41-0.91; p = 0.017), respectively] and longer pregnancies [ARC 5.09 (95% CI, 2.39-7.79; p < 0.001) and ARC 4.54 (95% CI, 1.51-7.58; p = 0.003), respectively] with respect to fathers ≤30 years old. Furthermore, fathers aged 31-40 years old had lower odds of having a female infant (AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49-0.99; p = 0.045) than those ≤30. The rest of obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, which we deemed more medically-relevant as they were considered serious for health, were comparable between groups with our adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Despite this hopeful message to fathers of advanced paternal age, future studies should consider the short- and long-term outcomes of the offspring and try to better elucidate the associations of advanced paternal age with reproductive outcomes and the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Navarro-Gomezlechon
- IVI Foundation—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María Gil Juliá
- IVI Foundation—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Hervás
- IVI Foundation—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- IVF Laboratory, IVIRMA Roma, Via Federico Calabresi, 11, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mossetti
- IVI Foundation—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- IVF Laboratory, IVIRMA Roma, Via Federico Calabresi, 11, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocío Rivera-Egea
- Andrology Laboratory and Sperm Bank, IVIRMA Valencia, Plaza de la Policia Local 3, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicolás Garrido
- IVI Foundation—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Torre A, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Miao H, Zeng Q, Shi Z, Xia Y, Shi L, Chen D, Guo P, Zhu Y, Wang D. Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Demographic Characteristics of Congenital Heart Defects in Guangdong, China, 2016-2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:813916. [PMID: 35558544 PMCID: PMC9086594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.813916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defects and bring a heavy disease burden in China. Examining the temporal and spatial trends of congenital heart defects epidemics can give some elementary knowledge for succeeding studies. OBJECTIVE To characterize the spatial-temporal patterns of the prevalence of congenital heart defects based on a substantial cohort of the perinatal fetus in south China in 2016-2020. METHODS This study was a retrospective population-based cohort study conducted in Guangdong, China from 2016 to 2020. Pregnant women and their infants received birth defect surveillance during pregnancy and seven days after delivery in more than 1,900 midwifery hospitals in 21 cities. Perinatal infants with congenital heart defects were identified and enrolled. The prevalence of congenital heart defects was calculated according to cities, years, urban and rural areas, regions of Guangdong, categories of maternal age at delivery, seasons of delivery, and infant's gender. RESULTS A total of 8,653,206 perinatal infants and 53,912 total congenital heart defects were monitored in Guangdong, including 46,716 (86.65%) without other defects and 7,736 (13.35%) with other defects. The average prevalence of total congenital heart defects was 62.30/10,000 (95% CI, 61.78/10,000-62.83/10,000), congenital heart defects without other defects was 53.36/10,000 (95% CI, 52.88/10,000-53.85/10,000), and congenital heart defects with other defects was 8.94/10,000 (95%CI, 8.74/10,000-9.14/10,000). From 2016 to 2020, the prevalence of total congenital heart defects was 54.92/10,000, 54.23/10,000, 63.79/10,000, 73.11/10,000, 68.20/10,000, respectively. We observed geographical variations within the prevalence of congenital heart defects. The prevalence of congenital heart defects was much higher in the Pearl River Delta region than in the non-Pearl River Delta region, as well as higher in urban areas than in rural areas. CONCLUSION The findings of this study are helpful to the understanding of the etiology and epidemiology characteristics of congenital heart defects in south China. Our data likely reflect a better estimate of the spatiotemporal trends in congenital heart defects prevalence than reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Miao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zengping Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xia
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lushaobo Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Chen
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingxian Zhu
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Joinau-Zoulovits F, Bertille N, Cohen JF, Khoshnood B. Association between advanced paternal age and congenital heart defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2113. [PMID: 32730591 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between advanced paternal age and congenital heart defects (CHD)? SUMMARY ANSWER Advanced paternal age is associated with a 16% increase in the overall odds of CHD. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY CHD are the most common congenital malformations. Several risk factors for CHD have been identified in the literature, but the association between advanced paternal age and CHD remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a systematic literature search on MEDLINE and EMBASE (1960-2019) to identify studies assessing the association between advanced paternal age (≥35 years) and the risk of CHD, unrestrictive of language or sample size. We used a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and free text words such as 'paternal age', 'paternal factors', 'father's age', 'parental age', 'heart', 'cardiac', 'cardiovascular', 'abnormalities, congenital', 'birth defects', 'congenital malformations' and 'congenital abnormalities'. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We included observational studies aiming at assessing the association between paternal age and CHD. The included population could be live births, fetal deaths and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. To be included, studies had to provide either odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) or sufficient information to recalculate ORs with 95% CIs per paternal age category. We excluded studies if they had no comparative group and if they were reviews or case reports. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We used random-effects meta-analysis to produce summary estimates of crude OR. Associations were also tested in subgroups. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of 191 studies identified, we included nine studies in the meta-analysis (9 917 011 participants, including 34 447 CHD), including four population-based studies. Five studies were judged at low risk of bias. Only one population-based study specifically investigated isolated CHD. The risk of CHD was higher with advanced paternal age (summary OR 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07-1.25). Effect sizes were stable in population-based studies and in those with low risk of bias. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION The available evidence did not allow to assess (i) the risk of isolated CHD in population-based studies, (ii) the association between paternal age and the risk for specific CHD and (iii) the association between paternal age and CHD after adjustment for other risk factors, such as maternal age. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings suggest that advanced paternal age may be a risk factor for CHD. However, because the association is modest in magnitude, its usefulness as a criterion for targeted screening for CHD seems limited. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019135061.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Joinau-Zoulovits
- INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, F-75004 Paris, France.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre hospitalier général de Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France
| | - N Bertille
- INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - J F Cohen
- INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, F-75004 Paris, France.,Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Necker-Enfants malades Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - B Khoshnood
- INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, F-75004 Paris, France
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Patel J, Bircan E, Tang X, Orloff M, Hobbs CA, Browne ML, Botto LD, Finnell RH, Jenkins MM, Olshan A, Romitti PA, Shaw GM, Werler MM, Li J, Nembhard WN. Paternal genetic variants and risk of obstructive heart defects: A parent-of-origin approach. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009413. [PMID: 33684136 PMCID: PMC7971842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research on risk factors for obstructive heart defects (OHDs) focused on maternal and infant genetic variants, prenatal environmental exposures, and their potential interaction effects. Less is known about the role of paternal genetic variants or environmental exposures and risk of OHDs. We examined parent-of-origin effects in transmission of alleles in the folate, homocysteine, or transsulfuration pathway genes on OHD occurrence in offspring. We used data on 569 families of liveborn infants with OHDs born between October 1997 and August 2008 from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study to conduct a family-based case-only study. Maternal, paternal, and infant DNA were genotyped using an Illumina Golden Gate custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. Relative risks (RR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and likelihood ratio tests from log-linear models were used to estimate the parent-of-origin effect of 877 SNPs in 60 candidate genes in the folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways on the risk of OHDs. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple testing. We identified 3 SNPs in the transsulfuration pathway and 1 SNP in the folate pathway that were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Among infants who inherited paternally-derived copies of the G allele for rs6812588 in the RFC1 gene, the G allele for rs1762430 in the MGMT gene, and the A allele for rs9296695 and rs4712023 in the GSTA3 gene, RRs for OHD were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.29, P = 9.16x10-7), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.53, P = 9.80x10-6), 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.57, P = 2.28x10-5), and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.58, P = 3.77x10-5), respectively, compared to infants who inherited maternally-derived copies of the same alleles. We observed statistically significant decreased risk of OHDs among infants who inherited paternal gene variants involved in folate and transsulfuration pathways. Obstructive heart defects are birth defects that cause obstruction to the blood flow of the developing heart. Common OHDs include coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis and pulmonary stenosis. While there is a fair amount of literature indicating an association between maternal genetic variants and OHDs, less is known about the role of paternal genetic variants in the etiology of OHDs. We used a genotype clustering algorithm, SNPMClust, that was developed in-house at the Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention to study the role of paternal genetic variants in the folate, homocysteine and transsulfuration pathways. Maternal, paternal, and infant DNA specimens were collected from participants of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a large population-based case-control study in the United States, and were genotyped using an Illumina Golden Gate custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. We identified 4 SNPs in the folate and transsulfuration pathways, rs6812588, rs1762430, rs9296695, and rs4712023, that were associated with a statistically significant decreased risk of OHDs for infants who inherited a paternally-derived copy of the variant allele compared to infants who inherited a maternal copy of the variant allele. In conclusion, we observed a significantly decreased risk and less epigenetic influence of paternal genetic variants on OHDs compared to maternally-derived variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenil Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Emine Bircan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Biostatistics Program, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Orloff
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Charlotte A. Hobbs
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Marilyn L. Browne
- Birth Defects Research Section, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo D. Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Mary M. Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Martha M. Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jingyun Li
- Biostatistics Program, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Wendy N. Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dviri M, Madjunkova S, Koziarz A, Madjunkov M, Mashiach J, Nekolaichuk E, Trivodaliev K, Al-Asmar N, Moskovtsev SI, Librach C. Is there an association between paternal age and aneuploidy? Evidence from young donor oocyte-derived embryos: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:486-500. [PMID: 33355342 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed parenthood, by both women and men, has become more common in developed countries. The adverse effect of advanced maternal age on embryo aneuploidy and reproductive outcomes is well known. However, whether there is an association between paternal age (PA) and embryonic chromosomal aberrations remains controversial. Oocyte donation (OD) is often utilized to minimize maternal age effects on oocyte and embryo aneuploidy, thus providing an optimal model to assess the effect of PA. Several studies have revealed a higher than expected rate of aneuploidy in embryos derived from young oocyte donors, which warrants examination as to whether this may be attributed to advanced PA (APA). OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis is to evaluate existing evidence regarding an association between PA and chromosomal aberrations in an OD model. SEARCH METHODS This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched from inception through March 2020 using the (MeSH) terms: chromosome aberrations, preimplantation genetic screening and IVF. Original research articles, reporting on the types and/or frequency of chromosomal aberrations in embryos derived from donor oocytes, including data regarding PA, were included. Studies reporting results of IVF cycles using only autologous oocytes were excluded. Quality appraisal of included studies was conducted independently by two reviewers using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale. A one-stage IPD meta-analysis was performed to evaluate whether an association exists between PA and aneuploidy. Meta-analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model to account for clustering of embryos within patients and clustering of patients within studies. OUTCOMES The search identified 13 032 references, independently screened by 2 reviewers, yielding 6 studies encompassing a total of 2637 IVF-OD cycles (n = 20 024 embryos). Two 'low' quality studies using FISH to screen 12 chromosomes on Day 3 embryos (n = 649) reported higher total aneuploidy rates and specifically higher rates of trisomy 21, 18 and 13 in men ≥50 years. One 'moderate' and three 'high' quality studies, which used 24-chromosome screening, found no association between PA and aneuploidy in Day 5/6 embryos (n = 12 559). The IPD meta-analysis, which included three 'high' quality studies (n = 10 830 Day 5/6 embryos), found no significant effect of PA on the rate of aneuploidy (odds ratio (OR) 0.97 per decade of age, 95% CI 0.91-1.03), which was robust to sensitivity analyses. There was no association between PA and individual chromosome aneuploidy or segmental aberrations, including for chromosomes X and Y (OR 1.06 per decade of age, 95% CI 0.92-1.21). Monosomy was most frequent for chromosome 16 (217/10802, 2.01%, 95% CI 1.76-2.29%) and trisomy was also most frequent for chromosome 16 (194/10802, 1.80%, 95% CI 1.56-2.06%). WIDER IMPLICATIONS We conclude, based on the available evidence, that APA is not associated with higher rates of aneuploidy in embryos derived from OD. These results will help fertility practitioners when providing preconception counselling, particularly to older men who desire to have a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dviri
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Reproductive Genetics, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alex Koziarz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mitko Madjunkov
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Reproductive Genetics, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jordana Mashiach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Reproductive Genetics, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Erica Nekolaichuk
- Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kire Trivodaliev
- Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Nasser Al-Asmar
- Igenomix, Narcís Monturiol Estarriol n°11, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergey Ivanovovich Moskovtsev
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Reproductive Genetics, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clifford Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Reproductive Genetics, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Fang Y, Wang Y, Peng M, Xu J, Fan Z, Liu C, Zhao K, Zhang H. Effect of paternal age on offspring birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25373-25394. [PMID: 33229621 PMCID: PMC7803514 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at determining whether paternal age is a risk factor for offspring birth defects. RESULTS A total of 38 and 11 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Compared with reference, fathers aged 25 to 29, young fathers (< 20 years) could increase the risk of urogenital abnormalities (OR: 1.50, 95 % CI: 1.03-2.19) and chromosome disorders (OR: 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.12-1.52) in their offsprings; old fathers (≥ 40 years) could increase the risk of cardiovascular abnormalities (OR: 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.20), facial deformities (OR: 1.08, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.17), urogenital abnormalities (OR: 1.28, 95 % CI: 1.07-1.52), and chromosome disorders (OR: 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.12-1.52). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that paternal age is associated with a moderate increase in the incidence of urogenital and cardiovascular abnormalities, facial deformities, and chromosome disorders. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for relevant literatures from 1960 to February 2020. The systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. Relevant meta-analyses were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Fang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Peng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zunpan Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Janeczko D, Hołowczuk M, Orzeł A, Klatka B, Semczuk A. Paternal age is affected by genetic abnormalities, perinatal complications and mental health of the offspring. Biomed Rep 2019; 12:83-88. [PMID: 32042416 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility and fecundity problems concern 10-18% of partners in their reproductive years compromising around one million females and males in Poland. Research and analysis of factors that affect male fertility are limited, especially, regarding the age of the father and determining the age at which quality of semen decreases. Age of the father has greater impact than maternal age, on cases of sporadic autosomal dominant congenital diseases such as Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Noonan and Costello syndromes, multiple endocrine neoplasia (types 2A and 2B) and achondroplasia. However, there are only a few reports taking paternal advanced age into consideration for pre-mature birth, low Apgar scores or admission to a neonatal intensive care department. Paternal age increases the frequency of congenital diseases such as heart malformations as well as oral, palate and lip cleft. Moreover, mental disorders (autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, low IQ level as well as ADHD) also occur more frequently in advanced father's age. Advanced paternal age is defined differently in every research. It depends on disorders in offspring we are talking about. Paternal age has an impact on child's health and development and it is as significant as maternal age, when it comes to reproductive matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Janeczko
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hołowczuk
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Orzeł
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Klatka
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Semczuk
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20954 Lublin, Poland
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11
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Paternal-age-related de novo mutations and risk for five disorders. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3043. [PMID: 31292440 PMCID: PMC6620346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are established associations between advanced paternal age and offspring risk for psychiatric and developmental disorders. These are commonly attributed to genetic mutations, especially de novo single nucleotide variants (dnSNVs), that accumulate with increasing paternal age. However, the actual magnitude of risk from such mutations in the male germline is unknown. Quantifying this risk would clarify the clinical significance of delayed paternity. Using parent-child trio whole-exome-sequencing data, we estimate the relationship between paternal-age-related dnSNVs and risk for five disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), congenital heart disease, neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy, intellectual disability and schizophrenia (SCZ). Using Danish registry data, we investigate whether epidemiologic associations between each disorder and older fatherhood are consistent with the estimated role of dnSNVs. We find that paternal-age-related dnSNVs confer a small amount of risk for these disorders. For ASD and SCZ, epidemiologic associations with delayed paternity reflect factors that may not increase with age. Advanced paternal age associates with increased risk for psychiatric and developmental disorders in offspring. Here, Taylor et al. utilize parent-child trio exome sequencing data sets to estimate the contribution of paternal age-related de novo mutations to multiple disorders, including heart disease and schizophrenia.
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12
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Peng J, Meng Z, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Wang Q, Wang J, Sun K. The non-genetic paternal factors for congenital heart defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42:684-691. [PMID: 31073996 PMCID: PMC6605632 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances have been made in identifying genetic etiologies and maternal risk factors of congenital heart defects (CHDs), while few literatures are available regarding paternal risk factors for CHDs. Thus, we aim to conduct a meta‐analysis and systematic review about the non‐genetic paternal risk factors for CHDs. Methods We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library online databases and identified 31 studies published between 1990 and 2018 according to the inclusion criteria. Paternal risk factors were divided into subgroups, and summarized odd ratios (OR) were calculated. Results Paternal age between 24 and 29 years decreased the risk of CHDs in the offspring (OR = 0.90 [0.82, 0.98]), while paternal age ≥ 35 years old increased the risk of CHDs (35‐39 years old: OR = 1.14 [1.09, 1.19], and ≥ 40 years: OR = 1.27 [1.14, 1.42]). Paternal cigarette smoking increased the risk of CHDs in a dose‐dependent way. Paternal wine drinking (OR = 1.47 [1.05, 2.07]) and exposure to chemical agents or drugs (OR = 2.15 [1.53, 3.02]) also increased the risk of CHDs. Some specific paternal occupations were also associated with increased risk for CHDs or CHD subtypes including factory workers, janitors, painters, and plywood mill workers. Conclusions This meta‐analysis and systematic review suggested that advanced paternal age, cigarette smoking, wine drinking, exposure to chemical agents or drugs and some specific occupations were associated with an increased risk of CHDs. More measures should be taken to reduce occupational and environment exposures. At the same time, fertility at certain age and establishment of healthy life habits are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Peng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujian Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Oldereid NB, Wennerholm UB, Pinborg A, Loft A, Laivuori H, Petzold M, Romundstad LB, Söderström-Anttila V, Bergh C. The effect of paternal factors on perinatal and paediatric outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:320-389. [PMID: 29471389 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal factors, including increasing childbearing age and various life-style factors, are associated with poorer short- and long-term outcomes for children, whereas knowledge of paternal parameters is limited. Recently, increasing paternal age has been associated with adverse obstetric outcomes, birth defects, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia in children. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this systematic review is to describe the influence of paternal factors on adverse short- and long-term child outcomes. SEARCH METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to January 2017 were searched. Paternal factors examined included paternal age and life-style factors such as body mass index (BMI), adiposity and cigarette smoking. The outcome variables assessed were short-term outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), stillbirth, birth defects and chromosomal anomalies. Long-term outcome variables included mortality, cancers, psychiatric diseases/disorders and metabolic diseases. The systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. Relevant meta-analyses were performed. OUTCOMES The search included 14 371 articles out of which 238 met the inclusion criteria, and 81 were included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analyses). Paternal age and paternal life-style factors have an association with adverse outcome in offspring. This is particularly evident for psychiatric disorders such as autism, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, but an association is also found with stillbirth, any birth defects, orofacial clefts and trisomy 21. Paternal height, but not BMI, is associated with birth weight in offspring while paternal BMI is associated with BMI, weight and/or body fat in childhood. Paternal smoking is found to be associated with an increase in SGA, birth defects such as congenital heart defects, and orofacial clefts, cancers, brain tumours and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. These associations are significant although moderate in size, with most pooled estimates between 1.05 and 1.5, and none exceeding 2.0. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Although the increased risks of adverse outcome in offspring associated with paternal factors and identified in this report represent serious health effects, the magnitude of these effects seems modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan B Oldereid
- Livio IVF-klinikken Oslo, Sørkedalsveien 10A, 0369 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla-Britt Wennerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital East, SE 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Loft
- Fertility Clinic, Section 4071, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Tukhomankatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Petzold
- Swedish National Data Service and Health Metrics Unit, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liv Bente Romundstad
- Spiren Fertility Clinic, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7010, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Christina Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Reproductive Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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El Bouchikhi I, Belhassan K, Moufid FZ, Houssaini MI, Bouguenouch L, Samri I, Bouhrim M, Ouldim K, Atmani S. GATA4 molecular screening and assessment of environmental risk factors in a Moroccan cohort with tetralogy of Fallot. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:922-930. [PMID: 30766556 PMCID: PMC6354854 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) with an incidence of 1/3600 live births. This disorder was associated with mutations in the transcription factors involved in cardiogenesis, like Nk2 homeobox5 (NKX2-5), GATA binding protein4 (GATA4) and T-BOX1 (TBX1). GATA4 contributes particularly to heart looping and differentiation of the second heart field. Objectives The aim of this study was to screen a Moroccan cohort with tetralogy of Fallot for GATA4 mutations, and to assess environmental risk factors that could be involved in the occurrence of this disorder. Methods Thirty-one non-syndromic TOF patients, enrolled between 5th April 2014 and 18th June 2015, were screened for GATA4 mutations using direct sequencing of GATA4 coding exons. Statistical assessment of different risk factors, which is a retrospective study, was carried out using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results We identified seven exonic variants in nine patients (two missense and five synonymous variants); in addition of eight intronic variants. Assessment of environmental risk factors shows significant association of maternal passive smoking with TOF in the Moroccan population. Conclusion The present study allowed, for the first time, the molecular and environmental characterisation of Moroccan TOF population. Our findings emphasise particularly the strong association of passive smoking with the emergence of tetralogy of Fallot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihssane El Bouchikhi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khadija Belhassan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zohra Moufid
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Iraqui Houssaini
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Imane Samri
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Oncogenetics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
| | - Samir Atmani
- Medico-Surgical Unit of Cardio-Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, HASSAN II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
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15
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Yatsenko AN, Turek PJ. Reproductive genetics and the aging male. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:933-941. [PMID: 29524155 PMCID: PMC6030011 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine current evidence of the known effects of advanced paternal age on sperm genetic and epigenetic changes and associated birth defects and diseases in offspring. METHODS Review of published PubMed literature. RESULTS Advanced paternal age (> 40 years) is associated with accumulated damage to sperm DNA and mitotic and meiotic quality control mechanisms (mismatch repair) during spermatogenesis. This in turn causes well-delineated abnormalities in sperm chromosomes, both numerical and structural, and increased sperm DNA fragmentation (3%/year of age) and single gene mutations (relative risk, RR 10). An increase in related abnormalities in offspring has also been described, including miscarriage (RR 2) and fetal loss (RR 2). There is also a significant increase in rare, single gene disorders (RR 1.3 to 12) and congenital anomalies (RR 1.2) in offspring. Current research also suggests that autism, schizophrenia, and other forms of "psychiatric morbidity" are more likely in offspring (RR 1.5 to 5.7) with advanced paternal age. Genetic defects related to faulty sperm quality control leading to single gene mutations and epigenetic alterations in several genetic pathways have been implicated as root causes. CONCLUSIONS Advanced paternal age is associated with increased genetic and epigenetic risk to offspring. However, the precise age at which risk develops and the magnitude of the risk are poorly understood or may have gradual effects. Currently, there are no clinical screenings or diagnostic panels that target disorders associated with advanced paternal age. Concerned couples and care providers should pursue or recommend genetic counseling and prenatal testing regarding specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Yatsenko
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Avenue, Room A206, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Paul J. Turek
- The Turek Clinics, 55 Francisco St., Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94133 USA
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16
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Nembhard WN, Tang X, Li J, MacLeod SL, Levy J, Schaefer GB, Hobbs CA. A parent-of-origin analysis of paternal genetic variants and increased risk of conotruncal heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:609-617. [PMID: 29399948 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association between conotruncal heart defects (CTHDs) and maternal genetic and environmental exposures is well studied. However, little is known about paternal genetic or environmental exposures and risk of CTHDs. We assessed the effect of paternal genetic variants in the folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways on risk of CTHDs in offspring. We utilized National Birth Defects Prevention Study data to conduct a family-based case only study using 616 live-born infants with CTHDs, born October 1997-August 2008. Maternal, paternal and infant DNA was genotyped using an Illumina® Golden Gate custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from log-linear models determined parent of origin effects for 921 SNPs in 60 candidate genes involved in the folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways on risk of CTHDs. The risk of CTHD among children who inherited a paternally derived copy of the A allele on GLRX (rs17085159) or the T allele of GLRX (rs12109442) was 0.23 (95%CI: 0.12, 0.42; p = 1.09 × 10-6 ) and 0.27 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.50; p = 2.06 × 10-5 ) times the risk among children who inherited a maternal copy of the same allele. The paternally inherited copy of the GSR (rs7818511) A allele had a 0.31 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.53; p = 9.94 × 10-6 ] risk of CTHD compared to children with the maternal copy of the same allele. The risk of CTHD is less influenced by variants in paternal genes involved in the folate, homocysteine, or transsulfuration pathways than variants in maternal genes in those pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N Nembhard
- Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jingyun Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Stewart L MacLeod
- Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Joseph Levy
- Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gerald B Schaefer
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Charlotte A Hobbs
- Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
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17
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Nybo Andersen AM, Urhoj SK. Is advanced paternal age a health risk for the offspring? Fertil Steril 2017; 107:312-318. [PMID: 28088314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article we review the epidemiologic evidence for adverse health effects in offspring of fathers of advanced age. First the evidence regarding fetal survival is addressed, and afterward we review the evidence regarding morbidity in children with older fathers. The adverse conditions most consistently associated with increased paternal age are stillbirths, musculo-skeletal syndromes, cleft palate, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and retinoblastoma, and neurodevelopmental disorders in the autism spectrum and schizophrenia. Finally, we consider the public health impact of the increasing paternal age. We conclude that the adverse health effects in children that might be caused by the present increase in paternal age are severe but quantitatively of minor importance. However, identification of morbidities that are more frequent in offspring of older fathers, after having taken any maternal age effects and other confounding into account, may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis behind such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stine Kjaer Urhoj
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of conotruncal heart defects is poorly understood and the birth prevalence varies geographically. The known risk factors for developing conotruncal heart defects are as follows: CHD in siblings, genetic chromosomal abnormalities, paternal age >30 years, high parity, low birth weight, prematurity, and maternal diabetes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterise conotruncal heart defects, birth prevalence, mortality, and morbidity in the population of southern Israel, of whom 75% are Jewish and the rest are mostly Bedouin Arabs. METHODS The data were obtained from Soroka University Medical Center database of births and newborns. Conotruncal heart defects cases were identified by ICD9 codes. RESULTS During 1991-2011, there were 247,290 singleton live births and 393 conotruncal heart defects in Soroka University Medical Center. The birth prevalence per 10,000 live births of tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and truncus arteriosus was 9.5, 5, and 1.8, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, Bedouin descent (adjusted odds ratio 2.40, p35 years (1.66, p=0.004), and siblings with congenital heart defects (1.98, p=0.005) were associated with tetralogy of Fallot, and Bedouin descent (1.61, p=0.05), siblings with congenital heart defects (2.19, p=0.004), and diabetes mellitus (7.15, p<0.001) were associated with transposition of the great arteries. In a univariate analysis, Bedouin descent (p=0.004) and congenital heart defects in siblings (p<0.001) were associated with truncus arteriosus. CONCLUSION We observed higher birth prevalence of conotruncal heart defects compared with the birth prevalence reported worldwide, specifically among the Bedouins, a population characterised with high consanguinity rate. Therefore, genetic counselling and early fetal echocardiograms should be encouraged, especially in high consanguinity rate populations. Naturally, further educational efforts are needed in order to decrease consanguinity and its related consequences.
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Abqari S, Gupta A, Shahab T, Rabbani MU, Ali SM, Firdaus U. Profile and risk factors for congenital heart defects: A study in a tertiary care hospital. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 9:216-21. [PMID: 27625518 PMCID: PMC5007929 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2069.189119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children representing a major global health burden. It is thus important to determine their prevalence and spectrum and identify risk factors associated with the development of heart defects. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics and Center of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, from February 2014 to August 2015. All patients referred with complaints or clinical examination suggestive of CHDs were further evaluated with echocardiography. On Echocardiography, patients having CHDs were included as cases and those having a normal echocardiographic study were included as controls. Healthy controls were also included. 400 cases and 400 controls were thus identified; preterms having patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale and those with acquired heart defects were excluded. Risk factors among cases and controls were further studied. Results: Acyanotic heart defects were 290 (72.50%) of the total heart defects, whereas the contribution of cyanotic heart defects was 110 (27.50%). Out of all CHDs, ventricular septal defect was the most common lesion with contribution of 152 (38%) cases, whereas among the cyanotic heart defects, Tetralogy of Fallot was the most common lesion (18% of total cases). Out of the total 400 cases, 261 were males (65.25%). On univariate analysis, paternal age (odds ratio, OR, 2.01), bad obstetric history (OR, 2.65), antenatal febrile illness (OR, 4.12), and advanced maternal age (OR, 3.28) were found to increase the risk of CHD whereas intake of multivitamin (OR, 3.02) was found to be protective. The risk factors were further analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis and all the above factors were found to be significantly associated. Conclusion: We noted that the profile of CHD in our population was similar to the published literature although many were missed during infancy and detected later in life. Several antenatal factors were found to be associated with the incidence of congenital heart disease emphasizing the need to prioritize antenatal care and counseling to pregnant mothers along with good maternal nutrition and folic acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaad Abqari
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tabassum Shahab
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M U Rabbani
- Centre of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Manazir Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uzma Firdaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Su XJ, Yuan W, Huang GY, Olsen J, Li J. Paternal age and offspring congenital heart defects: a national cohort study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121030. [PMID: 25806788 PMCID: PMC4373953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paternal age has been associated with offspring congenital heart defects (CHDs), which might be caused by increased mutations in the germ cell line because of cumulated cell replications. Empirical evidences, however, remain inconclusive. Furthermore, it is unknown whether all subtypes of CHDs are affected by paternal age. We aimed to explore the relationship between paternal age and the risk of offspring CHDs and its five common subtypes using national register data in Denmark. A total of 1 893 899 singletons born in Denmark from 1977 to 2008 were included in this national-based cohort study. Cox’s proportion hazards model with robust sandwich estimate option was used to estimate the hazards ratio (95% confidence interval) for the associations between paternal age and all CHDs, as well as subtypes of CHDs (patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), tetralogy of fallot (TOF) and coarctation of the aorta (CoA)). We did not observe an overall association between paternal age and offspring CHDs. However, compared to the paternal age of 25–29 years, paternal age of older than 45 years was associated with a 69% increased risk of PDA (HR45+ = 1.69, 95%CI:1.17–2.43). We observed similar results when subanalyses were restricted to children born to mothers of 27–30 years old. After taking into consideration of maternal age, our data suggested that advanced paternal age was associated with an increased prevalence of one subtype of offspring congenital heart defects (CHDs), namely patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Juan Su
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (XJS); (WY)
| | - Wei Yuan
- NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XJS); (WY)
| | - Guo Ying Huang
- Children‘s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jiong Li
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Doamekpor LA, Amutah NN, Ramos LJ. Fathers matter: the role of paternal age in infant mortality. Am J Mens Health 2013; 8:175-82. [PMID: 24262789 DOI: 10.1177/1557988313511492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant mortality is the most widely used indicator of a nation's health status and is associated with a plethora of maternal and socioeconomic factors. Although the association between young and old maternal age and the risk of infant mortality is well established, the link between paternal age and birth outcomes has received far less attention. This study seeks to examine the added impact of paternal age on infant mortality, above and beyond that of maternal age among married couples. Using the 2002 linked birth and infant death data set (N = 63,754), hazard odds ratios for the association between combined adolescent and adult maternal and paternal age and the risk of infant mortality were estimated. Maternal demographic characteristics, such as education and race/ethnicity were controlled. The findings indicate that, independent of maternal education and race/ethnicity, adolescent father adds additional risk, above and beyond that of maternal age, only when the mother is older (21-45 years; hazard ratio = 2.7). This study highlights that for married couples, adolescent fathers add to the risk of infant mortality when the mothers are older, providing insight into the role of paternal age in infant mortality. Implications for additional research are discussed.
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Soemedi R, Wilson I, Bentham J, Darlay R, Töpf A, Zelenika D, Cosgrove C, Setchfield K, Thornborough C, Granados-Riveron J, Blue G, Breckpot J, Hellens S, Zwolinkski S, Glen E, Mamasoula C, Rahman T, Hall D, Rauch A, Devriendt K, Gewillig M, O’ Sullivan J, Winlaw D, Bu’Lock F, Brook J, Bhattacharya S, Lathrop M, Santibanez-Koref M, Cordell H, Goodship J, Keavney B. Contribution of global rare copy-number variants to the risk of sporadic congenital heart disease. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:489-501. [PMID: 22939634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that copy-number variants (CNVs) contribute to the risk of complex developmental phenotypes. However, the contribution of global CNV burden to the risk of sporadic congenital heart disease (CHD) remains incompletely defined. We generated genome-wide CNV data by using Illumina 660W-Quad SNP arrays in 2,256 individuals with CHD, 283 trio CHD-affected families, and 1,538 controls. We found association of rare genic deletions with CHD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, p = 0.0008). Rare deletions in study participants with CHD had higher gene content (p = 0.001) with higher haploinsufficiency scores (p = 0.03) than they did in controls, and they were enriched with Wnt-signaling genes (p = 1 × 10(-5)). Recurrent 15q11.2 deletions were associated with CHD risk (OR = 8.2, p = 0.02). Rare de novo CNVs were observed in ~5% of CHD trios; 10 out of 11 occurred on the paternally transmitted chromosome (p = 0.01). Some of the rare de novo CNVs spanned genes known to be involved in heart development (e.g., HAND2 and GJA5). Rare genic deletions contribute ~4% of the population-attributable risk of sporadic CHD. Second to previously described CNVs at 1q21.1, deletions at 15q11.2 and those implicating Wnt signaling are the most significant contributors to the risk of sporadic CHD. Rare de novo CNVs identified in CHD trios exhibit paternal origin bias.
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Grewal J, Carmichael SL, Yang W, Shaw GM. Paternal age and congenital malformations in offspring in California, 1989-2002. Matern Child Health J 2012; 16:385-92. [PMID: 21344170 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-011-0759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between paternal age and a wide range of structural birth defects. Data were drawn from The California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a population-based active surveillance system for collecting information on infants and fetuses with defects born between 1989 and 2002. The analysis included 46,114 cases with defects, plus a random sample of 36,838 non-malformed births. After adjustment for maternal age, risks of anomalies of the nervous system for 38 and 42 year-old fathers, as compared to 29 year-old fathers, were 1.05-fold [1.00, 1.11] and 1.10-fold [1.02, 1.18] higher, respectively. Similar results were observed for anomalies of the limbs, where 38 and 42 year-old fathers had a 1.06-fold [1.02, 1.11] and 1.11-fold [1.05, 1.18] higher risk, respectively. Risks of anomalies of the integument were 1.05-fold [1.00, 1.09] and 1.10-fold [1.03, 1.16] higher for 38 and 42 year olds, respectively. Young paternal age, i.e., less than 29 years, was associated with an increased risk of amniotic bands (OR: 0.87 [0.78, 0.97]), pyloric stenosis (OR: 0.93 [0.90, 0.96]) and anomalies of the great veins (OR: 0.93 [0.87, 1.00]). In sum, both advanced and young paternal age was associated with select birth defects in California between 1989 and 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagteshwar Grewal
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Antonius D, Kimhy D, Harkavy-Friedman J, Crystal S, Goetz R, Malaspina D. Paternal age related schizophrenia and cardiac autonomic regulation profiles. Schizophr Res 2011; 127:273-5. [PMID: 21036543 PMCID: PMC3053092 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonius
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES), New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NBV 22N10, New York, NY
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NYS Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY
| | - Jill Harkavy-Friedman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NYS Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Crystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES), New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NBV 22N10, New York, NY
| | - Ray Goetz
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES), New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NBV 22N10, New York, NY, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, NYS Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES), New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, NBV 22N10, New York, NY
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Liu Y, Zhi M, Li X. Parental age and characteristics of the offspring. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:115-23. [PMID: 20887815 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relations of an offspring to its parents are complex, and the ways in which a parent may influence the characteristics of its offspring are many. This review focuses on the relations of parental age to intelligence, health outcomes, longevity and other characteristics of offspring. Many researchers have demonstrated that children of older parents tend to be more intelligent than do children of younger parents, although there are also some negative findings. Either teenage or advanced parental age is associated with risk of birth and health outcomes in offspring. Parental age at birth displays a negative association with offspring longevity. Parental age can also influence dominant characters, sex ratio, personality and development process of the offspring. To fully analyze the influence of parental age on the offspring is of great significance in deciding the optimal age for parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Liu
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Opler MGA, Harlap S, Ornstein K, Kleinhaus K, Perrin M, Gangwisch JE, Lichtenberg P, Draiman B, Malaspina D. Time-to-pregnancy and risk of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2010; 118:76-80. [PMID: 20153954 PMCID: PMC2856731 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been linked to advanced paternal age, but the explanation is unknown. We questioned whether the incidence of schizophrenia would be related to male reproductive capacity, as reflected in the time taken to conceive. We measured the incidence of schizophrenia in relation to time to conception in a sub-group of 12,269 in the Jerusalem cohort whose mothers, interviewed post-partum, reported that the pregnancy had been intended. Compared with those conceived in less than 3 months, the unadjusted relative risks (RR) of schizophrenia associated with conception-waits of 3-5, 6-11 and 12+ months were 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.94), 1.41 (0.79-2.52) and 1.88 (1.05-3.37) with p for trend=0.035. This trend was attenuated somewhat by adjusting for paternal age, and was observed more strongly in offspring of fathers aged 30+ (p=.010). These findings suggest that factors associated with fecundability, either male or female, may contribute to the risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. A. Opler
- New York University School of Medicine, InSPIRES - Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY
| | - Susan Harlap
- New York University School of Medicine, InSPIRES - Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
| | - Katherine Ornstein
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, NY
| | - Karine Kleinhaus
- New York University School of Medicine, InSPIRES - Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
| | - Mary Perrin
- New York University School of Medicine, InSPIRES - Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - James E. Gangwisch
- Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY
| | - Pesach Lichtenberg
- Herzog Hospital and Hadassah Medical School of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Draiman
- Herzog Hospital and Hadassah Medical School of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- New York University School of Medicine, InSPIRES - Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
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Shah PS. Paternal factors and low birthweight, preterm, and small for gestational age births: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:103-23. [PMID: 20113689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of the risks of a low birthweight (LBW), preterm, and small-for-gestational-age births in relation to paternal factors was performed. Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and bibliographies of identified articles were searched for English-language studies. Study qualities were assessed according to a predefined checklist. Thirty-six studies of low-to-moderate risk of bias were reviewed for various paternal factors: age, height, weight, birthweight, occupation, education, and alcohol use. Extreme paternal age was associated with higher risk for LBW. Among infants who were born to tall fathers, birthweight was approximately 125-150 g higher compared with infants who were born to short fathers. Paternal LBW was associated with lower birthweight of the offspring. In conclusion, paternal characteristics including age, height, and birthweight are associated with LBW. Paternal occupational exposure and low levels of education may be associated with LBW; however, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, and the Departments of Pediatrics and of Health Policy, Management and Evaluations, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Association of paternal age and risk for major congenital anomalies from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997 to 2004. Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20:241-9. [PMID: 20056435 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the associations between paternal age and birth defects of unknown etiologies while carefully controlling for maternal age. METHODS By using 1997 to 2004 data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we fit logistic regression models with paternal and maternal age as continuous variables while adjusting for demographic and other factors. RESULTS Elevated odds ratios (ORs) for each year increase in paternal age were found for cleft palate (OR. 1.02, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00-1.04), diaphragmatic hernia (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06), right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04), and pulmonary valve stenosis (OR, 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01-1.04). At younger paternal ages, each year increase in paternal age correlated with increased odds of having offspring with encephalocele, cataract, esophageal atresia, anomalous pulmonary venous return, and coarctation of the aorta, but these increased odds were not observed at older paternal ages. The effect of paternal age was modified by maternal age for gastroschisis, omphalocele, spina bifida, all orofacial clefts, and septal heart defects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that paternal age may be a risk factor for some multifactorial birth defects.
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Cogswell ME, Bitsko RH, Anderka M, Caton AR, Feldkamp ML, Hockett Sherlock SM, Meyer RE, Ramadhani T, Robbins JM, Shaw GM, Mathews TJ, Royle M, Reefhuis J. Control selection and participation in an ongoing, population-based, case-control study of birth defects: the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170:975-85. [PMID: 19736223 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the representativeness of controls in an ongoing, population-based, case-control study of birth defects in 10 centers across the United States, researchers compared 1997-2003 birth certificate data linked to selected controls (n = 6,681) and control participants (n = 4,395) with those from their base populations (n = 2,468,697). Researchers analyzed differences in population characteristics (e.g., percentage of births at > or =2,500 g) for each group. Compared with their base populations, control participants did not differ in distributions of maternal or paternal age, previous livebirths, maternal smoking, or diabetes, but they did differ in other maternal (i.e., race/ethnicity, education, entry into prenatal care) and infant (i.e., birth weight, gestational age, and plurality) characteristics. Differences in distributions of maternal, but not infant, characteristics were associated with participation by selected controls. Absolute differences in infant characteristics for the base population versus control participants were < or =1.3 percentage points. Differences in infant characteristics were greater at centers that selected controls from hospitals compared with centers that selected controls from electronic birth certificates. These findings suggest that control participants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study generally are representative of their base populations. Hospital-based control selection may slightly underascertain infants affected by certain adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Cogswell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA.
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Auroux M, Volteau M, Ducot B, Wack T, Letierce A, Meyer L, Mayaux MJ. Progeny's mental aptitudes in man: relationship with parental age at conception and with some environmental factors. C R Biol 2009; 332:603-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Materna-Kiryluk A, Wiśniewska K, Badura-Stronka M, Mejnartowicz J, Wieckowska B, Balcar-Boroń A, Czerwionka-Szaflarska M, Gajewska E, Godula-Stuglik U, Krawczyński M, Limon J, Rusin J, Sawulicka-Oleszczuk H, Szwalkiewicz-Warowicka E, Walczak M, Latos-Bieleńska A. Parental age as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations in a Polish population. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2009; 23:29-40. [PMID: 19228312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently available data on the relationship between the prevalence of isolated congenital malformations and parental age are inconsistent and frequently divergent. We utilised the data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRCM) to accurately assess the interplay between maternal and paternal age in the risk of isolated non-syndromic congenital malformations. Out of 902 452 livebirths we studied 8683 children aged 0-2 years registered in the PRCM. Logistic regression was used to simultaneously adjust the risk estimates for maternal and paternal age. Our data indicated that paternal and maternal age were independently associated with several congenital malformations. Based on our data, young maternal and paternal ages were independently associated with gastroschisis. In addition, young maternal age, but not young paternal age, carried a higher risk of neural tube defects. Advanced maternal and paternal ages were both independently associated with congenital heart defects. Moreover, there was a positive association between advanced paternal age and hypospadias, cleft palate, and cleft lip (with or without cleft palate). No significant relationships between parental age and the following congenital malformations were detected: microcephaly, hydrocephaly, oesophageal atresia, atresia or stenosis of small and/or large intestine, ano-rectal atresia or stenosis, renal agenesis or hypoplasia, cystic kidney disease, congenital hydronephrosis, diaphragmatic hernia and omphalocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Toriello HV, Meck JM. Statement on guidance for genetic counseling in advanced paternal age. Genet Med 2008; 10:457-60. [PMID: 18496227 PMCID: PMC3111019 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e318176fabb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1996, a practice guideline on genetic counseling for advanced paternal age was published. The current document updates the state of knowledge of advanced paternal age effects on single gene mutations, chromosome anomalies, and complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga V Toriello
- Genetics Services, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503-2528, USA.
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Lazarou S, Morgentaler A. The Effect of Aging on Spermatogenesis and Pregnancy Outcomes. Urol Clin North Am 2008; 35:331-9, xi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kornosky JL, Salihu HM. Getting to the heart of the matter: epidemiology of cyanotic heart defects. Pediatr Cardiol 2008; 29:484-97. [PMID: 18185949 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-007-9185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common type of birth defect, making significant contributions to infant morbidity and mortality, but not all CHDs contribute equally to such outcomes. Although cyanotic CHDs constitute some of the most serious CHDs, its epidemiology is poorly understood. We present a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on the epidemiology of cyanotic CHD, with emphasis on the most current knowledge on identified risk/etiologic factors. Literature for this review was identified by searching the PubMed database from the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the US National Library of Medicine as well as bibliographies of identified papers. The 100 reports that contributed to this review describe risk factors such as infant sex, race, and ethnicity, environmental exposures, and maternal and paternal age. Several studies reported differences in prevalence rates by race and ethnicity and elevated sex ratios, and they identified some risk factors, including advanced maternal age. Investigators have made significant progress in the effort to describe the etiology of cyanotic CHDs, but discrepancies, such as the variation in prevalence rates by race and ethnicity and the impact of environmental exposures, still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kornosky
- The University of South Florida Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Department of Pediatrics, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
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Vivekananda U, Johnston C, McKenna-Yasek D, Shaw CE, Leigh PN, Brown RH, Al-Chalabi A. Birth order and the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2007; 255:99-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-007-0709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Perrin MC, Brown AS, Malaspina D. Aberrant epigenetic regulation could explain the relationship of paternal age to schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2007; 33:1270-3. [PMID: 17712030 PMCID: PMC2779878 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbm093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The causal mechanism underlying the well-established relation between advancing paternal age and schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve mutational errors during spermatogenesis that occur with increasing frequency as males age. Point mutations are well known to increase with advancing paternal age while other errors such as altered copy number in repeat DNA and chromosome breakage have in some cases also been associated with advancing paternal age. Dysregulation of epigenetic processes may also be an important mechanism underlying the association between paternal age and schizophrenia. Evidence suggests that advancing age as well as environmental exposures alter epigenetic regulation. Errors in epigenetic processes, such as parental imprinting can have serious effects on the offspring both pre- and postnatally and into adulthood. This article will discuss parental imprinting on the autosomal and X chromosomes and the alterations in epigenetic regulation that may lead to such errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Perrin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Alan S. Brown
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 212-263-6214, fax: 212-263-5717, e-mail:
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Jenkins KJ, Correa A, Feinstein JA, Botto L, Britt AE, Daniels SR, Elixson M, Warnes CA, Webb CL. Noninherited risk factors and congenital cardiovascular defects: current knowledge: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 2007; 115:2995-3014. [PMID: 17519397 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.183216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of congenital cardiovascular defects has been hampered by a lack of information about modifiable risk factors for abnormalities in cardiac development. Over the past decade, there have been major breakthroughs in the understanding of inherited causes of congenital heart disease, including the identification of specific genetic abnormalities for some types of malformations. Although relatively less information has been available on noninherited modifiable factors that may have an adverse effect on the fetal heart, there is a growing body of epidemiological literature on this topic. This statement summarizes the currently available literature on potential fetal exposures that might alter risk for cardiovascular defects. Information is summarized for periconceptional multivitamin or folic acid intake, which may reduce the risk of cardiac disease in the fetus, and for additional types of potential exposures that may increase the risk, including maternal illnesses, maternal therapeutic and nontherapeutic drug exposures, environmental exposures, and paternal exposures. Information is highlighted regarding definitive risk factors such as maternal rubella; phenylketonuria; pregestational diabetes; exposure to thalidomide, vitamin A cogeners, or retinoids; and indomethacin tocolysis. Caveats regarding interpretation of possible exposure-outcome relationships from case-control studies are given because this type of study has provided most of the available information. Guidelines for prospective parents that could reduce the likelihood that their child will have a major cardiac malformation are given. Issues related to pregnancy monitoring are discussed. Knowledge gaps and future sources of new information on risk factors are described.
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Archer NP, Langlois PH, Suarez L, Brender J, Shanmugam R. Association of paternal age with prevalence of selected birth defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 79:27-34. [PMID: 17120236 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike maternal age, the effect of paternal age on birth defect prevalence has not been well examined. We used cases from the Texas birth defect registry, born during 1996-2002, to evaluate the association of paternal age with the prevalence of selected structural birth defects. METHODS Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with paternal age for each birth defect, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, and parity. RESULTS Relative to fathers ages 25-29 years, fathers 20-24 years of age were more likely to have offspring with gastroschisis (PR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.12-1.94), and fathers 40+ years old were less likely to have offspring with trisomy 13 (PR 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16-0.96). No association was seen between paternal age and prevalence of anencephaly and encephalocele. A selection bias was observed for the other birth defects in which cases of younger fathers were more often excluded from study. CONCLUSIONS In studies of birth defect risk and paternal age, the source of information may affect the validity of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie P Archer
- Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance Unit, Texas Department of State Health Services, 1100 West 49th Street, Austin, Texas 78756, USA.
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Yang Q, Wen SW, Leader A, Chen XK, Lipson J, Walker M. Paternal age and birth defects: how strong is the association? Hum Reprod 2006; 22:696-701. [PMID: 17164268 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between maternal age and the risks of birth defects has been well studied, the evidence from population data linking paternal age with birth defects was limited and inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of 5,213,248 subjects from the 1999-2000 birth registration data of the USA. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate the independent effect of paternal age on all birth defects and 21 specific defects groups after adjusting for potential confounding of maternal age, race, education, marital status, parity, prenatal care initiation, maternal smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy. RESULTS A total of 77,514 (1.5%) birth defects were recorded in the study cohort. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.04 (1.01, 1.06), 1.08 (1.04, 1.12), 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) and 1.15 (1.06, 1.24), respectively, for infants born to fathers 30-35, 40-44, 45-49 and over 50 years (test for trend, P = 0.0155), when compared with those infants born to fathers aged 25-29 for any birth defect. Advanced paternal age was associated with increased risks of heart defects, tracheo-oesophageal fistulaoesophageal atresia, other musculoskeletal/integumental anomalies, Down's syndrome and other chromosomal anomalies. Fathers under 25 years of age were also at increased risks of spina bifida/meningocele, microcephalus, omphalocele/gastroschisis and other musculoskeletal/integumental anomalies. CONCLUSIONS Infants born to older fathers have a slightly increased risk of birth defects. Young paternal age is also associated with slightly increased risk of several selected birth defects in their offspring. However, given the weak association, paternal age appears to play a small role in the aetiology of birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yang
- OMNI Research Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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Reichman NE, Teitler JO. Paternal age as a risk factor for low birthweight. Am J Public Health 2006; 96:862-6. [PMID: 16571696 PMCID: PMC1470584 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.066324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined associations between paternal age and low birth-weight in the US urban population. METHODS Using a population-based sample of 4621 births, we used multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate associations between paternal age and low birthweight, controlling for maternal age, other demographic factors, and the child's gender. RESULTS When the child's gender and the mother's race/ethnicity, birthplace, parity, marital status, and health insurance type were controlled, teenaged fathers were 20% less likely and fathers older than 34 years were 90% more likely than fathers aged 20 to 34 years to have low-birthweight babies. The associations were significant when maternal age was also controlled. No racial/ethnic differences in associations between paternal age and low birthweight were found. CONCLUSIONS We identified paternal age as an independent risk factor for low birthweight in the US urban population, suggesting that more attention needs to be paid to paternal influences on birth outcomes and to the interactive effects of urban environments and individual risk factors on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Reichman
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 97 Paterson Street, Room 435, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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Crow JF. Age and sex effects on human mutation rates: an old problem with new complexities. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2006; 47 Suppl B:B75-82. [PMID: 17019055 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.47.b75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Base substitution mutations are far more common in human males than in females, and the frequency increases with paternal age. Both can be accounted for by the greater number of pre-meiotic cell divisions in males, especially old ones. In contrast, small deletions do not show any important age effect and occur with approximately equal frequency in the two sexes. Mutations in most genes include both types, and the sex and paternal age effect depends on the proportion of the two types. A few traits, of which Apert Syndrome is best understood, are mutation hot spots with all the mutations occurring in one or two codons, usually at one nucleotide. They occur with very high frequency almost exclusively in males and the frequency increases rapidly with paternal age. It has been suggested that the mutant cells have a selective advantage in the male germ-line prior to meiosis. Evidence for this surprising, but important, hypothesis is discussed. A possible mechanism is the conversion of asymmetrical stem-cell divisions into symmetric ones. Some traits with complex etiology show a slight paternal age effect. There is also a short discussion of the high deleterious mutation rate and the role of sexual reproduction in reducing the consequent mutation load.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Crow
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Malaspina D, Reichenberg A, Weiser M, Fennig S, Davidson M, Harlap S, Wolitzky R, Rabinowitz J, Susser E, Knobler HY. Paternal age and intelligence: implications for age-related genomic changes in male germ cells. Psychiatr Genet 2005; 15:117-25. [PMID: 15900226 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-200506000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A robust association between advancing paternal age and schizophrenia risk is reported, and genetic changes in the germ cells of older men are presumed to underlie the effect. If that is so, then the pathway may include effects on cognition, as those with premorbid schizophrenia are reported to have lower intelligence. There are also substantial genetic influences on intelligence, so de novo genetic events in male germ cells, which accompany advancing paternal age, may plausibly influence offspring intelligence. OBJECTIVE An association of paternal age with IQ in healthy adolescents may illuminate the mechanisms that link it to schizophrenia. METHOD We examined the association of paternal age and IQ scores using the Israeli Army Board data on 44 175 individuals from a richly described birth cohort, along with maternal age and other potential modifiers. RESULTS A significant inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between paternal age and IQ scores, which was independent from a similar association of IQ scores with maternal age. These relationships were not significantly attenuated by controlling for multiple possible confounding factors, including the other parent's age, parental education, social class, sex and birth order, birth weight and birth complications. Overall, parental age accounted for approximately 2% of the total variance in IQ scores, with later paternal age lowering non-verbal IQ scores more than verbal IQ scores. CONCLUSION We found independent effects of maternal and paternal age on offspring IQ scores. The paternal age effect may be explained by de novo mutations or abnormal methylation of paternally imprinted genes, whereas maternal age may affect fetal neurodevelopment through age-related alterations in the in-utero environment. The influence of late paternal age to modify non-verbal IQ may be related to the pathways that increase the risk for schizophrenia in the offspring of older fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Malaspina
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Zubkova EV, Wade M, Robaire B. Changes in spermatozoal chromatin packaging and susceptibility to oxidative challenge during aging. Fertil Steril 2005; 84 Suppl 2:1191-8. [PMID: 16210011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to test the hypothesis that spermatozoal chromatin packaging changes with age and that aging affects the susceptibility of spermatozoal DNA to oxidative damage. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING Academic facility. PATIENT(S) Young (4 months) and old (21 months) Brown Norway rats. INTERVENTION(S) Spermatozoa were collected from the cauda epididymidis and were incubated in saline or H2O2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S) Thiols levels, chromatin condensation, DNA susceptibility to acid-induced DNA denaturation, and DNA damage were evaluated using monobromobimane, chromomycin A3 (CMA3), acridine orange, and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULT(S) Spermatozoa from old rats had 25% fewer disulfides but similar levels of free thiols as compared with young. The CMA3 staining was decreased by 13% with age. Levels of chromatin denaturation and DNA damage were similar in control groups. After exposure to oxidant, free thiols became oxidized by about 20% irrespective of age, but CMA3 staining changed little. The acridine orange assay, however, showed a trend for greater chromatin denaturation in spermatozoa from old rats after oxidant treatment. Furthermore, the DNA from spermatozoa of old rats was significantly more susceptible to developing DNA breaks and modification after oxidative challenge. CONCLUSION(S) Spermatozoal chromatin packaging changes with aging and vulnerability to oxidative damage increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Zubkova
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kazaura M, Lie RT, Skjaerven R. Paternal age and the risk of birth defects in Norway. Ann Epidemiol 2005; 14:566-70. [PMID: 15350956 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2003] [Accepted: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied 1,869,388 births from The Medical Birth Registry of Norway to assess the effect of father's age on risks of birth defects in offspring. METHOD Thirteen separate categories were studied including pooled categories of neural tube defects and any type of defect. We used logistic regression models to adjust for maternal age, year of birth, maternity institution, parity, and correlation between siblings. RESULTS There was little evidence of increased risk by high paternal age for any category of defects, except for a category of "other central nervous system" where risk estimates were 2.5-fold (95% CI: 1.2-5.5) for fathers aged between 45 and 49 years compared with the reference age group (25-29 years). The risk for neural tube defects was 1.3-fold (95% CI: 1.1-1.5) when the father was aged between 20 and 24 years relative to the reference. A pattern of moderately higher risks for younger fathers was consistent for anencephaly and spina bifida. Increased risk of heart defects was also estimated among children of young fathers. CONCLUSIONS This study does not show consistent evidence that paternal ageing is a risk for birth defects among offspring. Low paternal age, or factors associated with younger parents, may however be associated with increased risk of neural tube defects in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Method Kazaura
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Manestar-Blazić T. Hypothesis on transmission of longevity based on telomere length and state of integrity. Med Hypotheses 2004; 62:770-2. [PMID: 15082104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2002] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Different studies have demonstrated that offspring longevity depends on parental longevity and parental age at conception. The present paper suggests, based on the telomere theory of aging, that the longevity of the offspring is proportional to the telomere length and inversely proportional to the telomere state of integrity in the sperm cell and oocyte at conception. These two characteristics of telomeres depend on the age of parents. Telomeres become longer in gametes during the course of life, but at the same time they accumulate mutations (reduced state of integrity) that cause a faster loss of repetitive sequences. Because of these two mechanisms with opposing effects, there could exist an ideal age of the parents for the transmission of maximal longevity. The different longevity of men and women could partly be the result of different telomere dynamics of the sex chromosomes. The hypothesis also explains the risk of some birth defects associated with parental age at birth (telomeres are taken as a cause of birth defects).
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Abstract
Genetic risks related to paternal age should be of interest to clinical andrologists counselling older men who wish to father a child. Theoretically, the number of (pre-meiotic) mitotic cell divisions during spermatogenesis and their remarkable increase with ageing compared with oogenesis would be in favour of genetic risks for the offspring of older men. But for numerical and structural chromosomal anomalies, such an influence of paternal age has not been found. However, in several autosomal dominant disorders affecting three specific genes (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and 3, RET proto-oncogene) the risk for a child to be affected increases with paternal age at time of birth. For other autosomal dominant -X chromosomal dominant or recessive disorders, the available data are sufficient to support the concept of a positive relationship between paternal age and de novo gene mutations. Studies analysing gene sequences of affected children and their parents would allow further evaluation of this topic. The impact of paternal age on disorders with a complex genetic background, however, is a matter of debate. A significant effect of paternal age could not be shown for nonfamilial Alzheimer's disease, congenital heart defects, nonfamilial schizophrenia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jung
- Centre of Dermatology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Harlap S, Paltiel O, Deutsch L, Knaanie A, Masalha S, Tiram E, Caplan LS, Malaspina D, Friedlander Y. Paternal age and preeclampsia. Epidemiology 2002; 13:660-7. [PMID: 12410007 DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200211000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paternal aging is associated with premeiotic damage to spermatogonia, a mechanism by which new point mutations are introduced into the gene pool. We hypothesized that paternal age might contribute to preeclampsia. METHODS We studied the incidence of preeclampsia in 81,213 deliveries surveyed in 1964-1976 in the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. We controlled for maternal age, parity and other risk factors using logistic regression. RESULTS Preeclampsia was reported in 1303 deliveries (1.6%). Compared with fathers age 25-34 years, the odds ratios (ORs) for preeclampsia were 1.24 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.46) for age 35-44 and 1.80 (1.40-2.31) for age 45+. For fathers age <25, the OR was 1.25 (1.04-1.51). Although weaker than maternal age effects, paternal effects were consistent within subgroups of other variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that a modest proportion of preeclampsia might be explained by new mutations acquired from fathers and add to a growing body of evidence for paternal age effects in birth defects, neuropsychiatric disease and neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Harlap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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