1
|
Proietto Salanitri G, Luzzi E, Caretti D, Mecca T, Carroccio SC, Scamporrino AA. How the Crosslinker Amount Influences the Final Properties of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Cryogels. Gels 2024; 10:163. [PMID: 38534581 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the mechanical, thermal, and adsorption properties of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) cryogels as a function of a reactant ratio is herein reported to better address materials for specific applications. To this aim, cryogels have been synthesized using different monomer/crosslinker (N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide-MBAA) ratios. The study of SEM images made it possible to identify the trend in the material's macroporosity. As would be expected, the average measured pore width decreased as the amount of MBAA increased while the number of pores grew. Swelling capacity ranges from 8.7 gW/ggel (grams of water per gram of gel) to 9.3 gW/ggel. These values are strictly connected with the pore's size and distribution, revealing that the water uptake for the most crosslinked sample is inferior to other samples. The equilibrium-adsorption capacity (Qe) towards the methylene violet (MV) was also assessed, revealing no remarkable differences after 24 h of a batch test. As expected, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also showed no significant changes in stability that ranged from a maximum weight loss temperature (T Max) of 420 °C to 425 °C, which increased as a function of crosslinker content. Conversely, compression strength measurements showed a notable difference of about 50% in modulus (Ec), moving from the higher to the lower HEMA/MBAA ratio. These new comparative results indicate how slight variations in the reactant's ratio can steadily improve the mechanical properties of the HEMA cryogel without affecting its adsorption efficiency. This can be helpful in the design of materials for water and energy purposes. Since swelling properties are needed in the case of biomedical applications, the HEMA/MBAA ratio should be tuned versus high values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Proietto Salanitri
- CNR-Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Luzzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, DICMaPI-P. le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Caretti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina C Carroccio
- CNR-Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea A Scamporrino
- CNR-Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carriero VC, Di Muzio L, Petralito S, Casadei MA, Paolicelli P. Cryogel Scaffolds for Tissue-Engineering: Advances and Challenges for Effective Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Gels 2023; 9:979. [PMID: 38131965 PMCID: PMC10742915 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects and articular cartilage injuries resulting from trauma, osteonecrosis, or age-related degeneration can be often non-healed by physiological repairing mechanisms, thus representing a relevant clinical issue due to a high epidemiological incidence rate. Novel tissue-engineering approaches have been proposed as an alternative to common clinical practices. This cutting-edge technology is based on the combination of three fundamental components, generally referred to as the tissue-engineering triad: autologous or allogenic cells, growth-stimulating factors, and a scaffold. Three-dimensional polymer networks are frequently used as scaffolds to allow cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. In particular, cryogels give promising results for this purpose, thanks to their peculiar properties. Cryogels are indeed characterized by an interconnected porous structure and a typical sponge-like behavior, which facilitate cellular infiltration and ingrowth. Their composition and the fabrication procedure can be appropriately tuned to obtain scaffolds that match the requirements of a specific tissue or organ to be regenerated. These features make cryogels interesting and promising scaffolds for the regeneration of different tissues, including those characterized by very complex mechanical and physical properties, such as bones and joints. In this review, state-of-the-art fabrication and employment of cryogels for supporting effective osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation to allow for the regeneration of functional tissues is reported. Current progress and challenges for the implementation of this technology in clinical practice are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrizia Paolicelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.P.); (M.A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alves P, Simão AF, Graça MFP, Mariz MJ, Correia IJ, Ferreira P. Dextran-Based Injectable Hydrogel Composites for Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4501. [PMID: 38231931 PMCID: PMC10707775 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, bone infections caused by diseases or injuries are a major health issue. In addition, the conventional therapeutic approaches used to treat bone diseases or injuries present several drawbacks. In the area of tissue engineering, researchers have been developing new alternative therapeutic approaches, such as scaffolds, to promote the regeneration of injured tissues. Despite the advantages of these materials, most of them require an invasive surgical procedure. To overcome these problems, the main focus of this work was to develop scaffolds for bone regeneration, which can be applied using injectable hydrogels that circumvent the use of invasive procedures, while allowing for bone regeneration. Throughout this work, injectable hydrogels were developed based on a natural polymer, dextran, along with the use of two inorganic compounds, calcium β-triphosphate and nanohydroxyapatite, that aimed to reinforce the mechanical properties of the 3D mesh. The materials were chemically characterized considering the requirements for the intended application: the swelling capacity was evaluated, the degradation rate in a simulated physiological environment was assessed, and compression tests were performed. Furthermore, vancomycin was incorporated into the polymeric matrices to obtain scaffolds with antibacterial performance, and their drug release profile was assessed. The cytotoxic profile of the hydrogels was assessed by an MTS assay, using osteoblasts as model cells. The data obtained demonstrated that dextran-based hydrogels were successfully synthesized, with a drug release profile with an initial burst between 50 and 80% of the drug. The hydrogels possess fair biocompatibility. The swelling capacity showed that the stability of the samples and their degradation profile is compatible with the average time period required for bone regeneration (usually about one month) and have a favorable Young's modulus (200-300 kPa). The obtained hydrogels are well-suited for bone regeneration applications such as infections that occur during implantation or bone graft substitutes with antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alves
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.J.M.); (I.J.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Ana Filipa Simão
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.J.M.); (I.J.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Mariana F. P. Graça
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Marcos J. Mariz
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.J.M.); (I.J.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.J.M.); (I.J.C.); (P.F.)
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Paula Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.J.M.); (I.J.C.); (P.F.)
- Applied Research Institute, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços—S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarvestani FS, Tamaddon AM, Yaghoobi R, Geramizadeh B, Azarpira N. Biocompatible scaffolds based on collagen and oxidized dextran for endothelial cell survival and function in tissue engineering. Eng Life Sci 2023; 23:2200140. [PMID: 37408870 PMCID: PMC10317976 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a vital step in tissue regeneration. Hence, the current study aimed to prepare oxidized dextran (Odex)/collagen (Col)-hydrogels with laminin (LMN), as an angiogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) component, for promoting human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and function. Odex/Col scaffolds were constructed at various concentrations and temperatures. Using oscillatory rheometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cell viability testing, the scaffolds were characterized, and then HUVEC proliferation and function was compared with or without LMN. The gelation time could be modified by altering the Odex/Col mass ratio as well as the temperature. SEM showed that Odex/Col hydrogels had a more regular three-dimensional (3D) porous structure than the Col hydrogels. Moreover, HUVECs grew faster in the Col scaffold (12 mg/mL), whereas the Odex (30 mg/mL)/Col (6 mg/mL) scaffold exhibited the lowest apoptosis index. Furthermore, the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in the group without LMN was higher than that with LMN, and the Odex (30 mg/mL)/Col (6 mg/mL) scaffold without LMN had the highest VEGF protein secretion, allowing the cells to survive and function effectively. Odex/Col scaffolds, with or without LMN, are proposed as a tissue engineering construct to improve HUVEC survival and function for angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali-Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghoobi
- Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ceylan S, Sert B, Yurt F, Tunçel A, Öztürk İ, Demir D, Ocakoglu K. Development of Antimicrobial nanocomposite scaffolds via Loading CZTSe Quantum Dots for wound dressing applications. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 36137521 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of scaffolds designed for use in wound healing are accepted as an important factor in the healing process to accelerate the wound healing process without causing inflammation. For this purpose, Chitosan-PVA composite membranes loaded with Cu2ZnSnSe4 quantum dots (CZTSe QDs) as an antibacterial and cytocompatible biomaterial to regulate the wound healing process were produced. CZTSe QDs particles were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Polymer-based nanocomposites with different concentrations of the synthesized nanoparticles were produced by the solvent casting method. After detailed physicochemical and morphological characterizations of CZTSe QDs and composite membranes, antibacterial activities and cell viability were extensively investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and yeast strains, and L929 mouse fibroblast cells lines, respectively. The results show that the preparation of composite scaffolds at a QDs concentration of 3.3 % by weight has the best antimicrobial activity. Composite scaffold membranes, which can be obtained as a result of an easy production process, are thought to have great potential applications in tissue engineering as wound dressing material due to their high mechanical properties, wettability, strong antibacterial properties and non-toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Ceylan
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Adana, 01250, TURKEY
| | - Buse Sert
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Tarsus, 33400, TURKEY
| | - Fatma Yurt
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, İzmir, Izmir, Izmir, 35040, TURKEY
| | - Ayça Tunçel
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, İzmir, Izmir, Izmir, 35040, TURKEY
| | - İsmail Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, İzmir, Izmir, 35620, TURKEY
| | - Didem Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Tarsus, 33400, TURKEY
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aslıyüce S, Mattiasson B, Denizli A. Preparation of Staphylococcal Protein A Imprinted Supermacroporous Cryogel Beads. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2466:261-273. [PMID: 35585324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2176-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein A is the most commonly used ligand in IgG purification due to its specific binding to the Fc receptor of most immunoglobulins, making it commercially important. Molecular imprinting is a method based on the selective recognition of various molecules. Molecular imprinted polymers are materials that are easy to prepare, durable, cheap and have molecular recognition capability. Cryogels are prepared by radical polymerization in a partially frozen environment. The unique structure of cryogels combined with osmotic, chemical and mechanical stability make them attractive chromatography matrices for a variety of biological compounds/specimens (plasmids, pathogens, cells). In this protocol, protein A imprinted supermacroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels were prepared in spherical form for protein A purification. The characterization of the prepared cryogels were made by swelling test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. After characterization, optimum conditions for protein A adsorption were determined in the batch system. The maximum protein A adsorption capacity was determined after optimization of the imprinted cryogels. Protein A relative selectivity coefficients of imprinted cryogels were examined for both Fc and protein G. Protein A was isolated from the bacterial cell wall using fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC). The separated protein A was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In the last stage, the reusability of the cryogel was examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Aslıyüce
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hui L, Wang D, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Zhang M, Zhu HH, Luo W, Cheng X, Gui L, Gao W. The Cell-Isolation Capsules with Rod-Like Channels Ensure the Survival and Response of Cancer Cells to Their Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101723. [PMID: 34699694 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current macrocapsules with semipermeable but immunoprotective polymeric membranes are attractive devices to achieve the purpose of immunoisolation, however, their ability to allow diffusion of essential nutrients and oxygen is limited, which leads to a low survival rate of encapsulated cells. Here, a novel method is reported by taking advantage of thermotropic liquid crystals, sodium laurylsulfonate (SDS) liquid crystals (LCs), and rod-like crystal fragments (LCFs) to develop engineered alginate hydrogels with rod-like channels. This cell-isolation capsule with an engineered alginate hydrogel-wall allows small molecules, large molecules, and bacteria to diffuse out from the capsules freely but immobilizes the encapsulated cells inside and prevents cells in the microenvironment from moving in. The encapsulated cells show a high survival rate with isolation of host immune cells and long-term growth with adequate nutrients and oxygen supply. In addition, by sharing and responding to the normal molecular and vesicular microenvironment (NMV microenvironment), encapsulated cancer cells display a transition from tumorous phenotypes to ductal features of normal epithelial cells. Thus, this device will be potentially useful for clinical application in cell therapy by secreting molecules and for establishment of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that are often difficult to achieve for certain types of tumors, such as prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Deng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Ping An Life Insurance of China, Ltd Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310016 China
| | - Zhongzhong Ji
- Shanghai Cancer Institute Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200017 China
| | - Man Zhang
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Department of Urology Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xiaomu Cheng
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Liming Gui
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji‐Med‐X Stem Cell Research Center Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
- Med‐X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv H, Wu B, Song J, Wu W, Cai W, Xu J. Hydrogel, a novel therapeutic and delivery strategy, in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6536-6552. [PMID: 34324619 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are caused by damage to the underlying lining of the endometrium. They' re related to disorder of endometrial repair. In recent years, hydrogels with controllable biological activity have been widely used for treating IUAs. They encapsulate estrogen, cytokines, cells, or exosomes, forming a delivery system to release therapeutic components for the treatment of IUAs. In addition, the hydrogel acting as a barrier can be degraded in the body automatically, reducing the risk of infection caused by secondary surgeries. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of hydrogels and their application in IUAs as both a novel alternative therapeutic and an artificial delivery strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houyi Lv
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
He Y, Wang C, Wang C, Xiao Y, Lin W. An Overview on Collagen and Gelatin-Based Cryogels: Fabrication, Classification, Properties and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2299. [PMID: 34301056 PMCID: PMC8309424 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research into cryogels have resulted in the development of many types of cryogels for various applications. Collagen and gelatin possess nontoxicity, intrinsic gel-forming ability and physicochemical properties, and excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them very desirable candidates for the fabrication of cryogels. Collagen-based cryogels (CBCs) and gelatin-based cryogels (GBCs) have been successfully applied as three-dimensional substrates for cell culture and have shown promise for biomedical use. A key point in the development of CBCs and GBCs is the quantitative and precise characterization of their properties and their correlation with preparation process and parameters, enabling these cryogels to be tuned to match engineering requirements. Great efforts have been devoted to fabricating these types of cryogels and exploring their potential biomedical application. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive overviews focused on CBCs and GBCs have been reported currently. In this review, we attempt to provide insight into the recent advances on such kinds of cryogels, including their fabrication methods and structural properties, as well as potential biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing He
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenzhi Wang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanhang Xiao
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (Y.X.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Benwood C, Chrenek J, Kirsch RL, Masri NZ, Richards H, Teetzen K, Willerth SM. Natural Biomaterials and Their Use as Bioinks for Printing Tissues. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:27. [PMID: 33672626 PMCID: PMC7924193 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent form of bioprinting-extrusion bioprinting-can generate structures from a diverse range of materials and viscosities. It can create personalized tissues that aid in drug testing and cancer research when used in combination with natural bioinks. This paper reviews natural bioinks and their properties and functions in hard and soft tissue engineering applications. It discusses agarose, alginate, cellulose, chitosan, collagen, decellularized extracellular matrix, dextran, fibrin, gelatin, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, Matrigel, and silk. Multi-component bioinks are considered as a way to address the shortfalls of individual biomaterials. The mechanical, rheological, and cross-linking properties along with the cytocompatibility, cell viability, and printability of the bioinks are detailed as well. Future avenues for research into natural bioinks are then presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Benwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Josie Chrenek
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Rebecca L. Kirsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Nadia Z. Masri
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Hannah Richards
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Kyra Teetzen
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Stephanie M. Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (J.C.); (H.R.); (K.T.)
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A bioinspired, ice-templated multifunctional 3D cryogel composite crosslinked through in situ reduction of GO displayed improved mechanical, osteogenic and antimicrobial properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 119:111584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Hydrogel Properties and Their Impact on Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245795. [PMID: 33302592 PMCID: PMC7764781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels (HGs), as three-dimensional structures, are widely used in modern medicine, including regenerative medicine. The use of HGs in wound treatment and tissue engineering is a rapidly developing sector of medicine. The unique properties of HGs allow researchers to easily modify them to maximize their potential. Herein, we describe the physicochemical properties of HGs, which determine their subsequent applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Examples of chemical modifications of HGs and their applications are described based on the latest scientific reports.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cui N, Han K, Li M, Wang J, Qian J. Pure polylysine-based foamy scaffolds and their interaction with MC3T3-E1 cells and osteogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:025004. [PMID: 31778985 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab5cfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptide-derived copolymers have widely been exploited for drug/gene delivery due to their pendant functional groups and non-toxic degradation products. However, fabrication of polypeptide-based scaffolds for tissue engineering has seldom been reported. In this study, foamy poly(N ε -benzyl formateoxycarbonyl-L-Lysine) (PZL) and poly(N ε -benzyl formateoxycarbonyl-L-lysine-co-L-phenylalanine) (PZLP) scaffolds were successfully prepared by a combination of ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride and negative porous NaCl templating approach. The physicochemical properties of these scaffolds including glass transition temperature, contact angle, compression modulus and degradation behavior were characterized. Both in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the scaffolds were evaluated by MC3T3-E1 cell culture and SD subcutaneous model, respectively. The results from live-dead staining, MTT and ALP activity assays indicated that PZL scaffolds were more conducive to the adhesion, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to PZLP scaffolds in the initial culture period due to their specific surface properties. While porous structure rather than surface properties of scaffolds played a decisive role in the later stage of cell culture. The results of in vivo studies including H&E, Masson's trichrome and CD34 staining further demonstrated that PZL scaffolds supported the ingrowth of microvessels than PZLP scaffolds due to their surface property difference. Collectively, PZL scaffolds displayed good biocompatibility and could be a promising candidate for tissue engineering application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cryostructurization of polymeric systems for developing macroporous cryogel as a foundational framework in bioengineering applications. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Rational design of gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite cryogel scaffolds for bone regeneration by introducing chemical and physical cues to enhance osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109855. [PMID: 31500067 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of key components in the chemical and physical milieu for directing osteogenesis is a requirement in the investigation of tissue engineering scaffolds for advancement of bone regeneration. In this study, we engineered different gelatin-based cryogels and studied the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) and crosslinking agents on scaffold properties and its osteogenic response towards bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The cryogels examined are 5% gelatin and 5% gelatin/2.5% nHAP, crosslinked either with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) or glutaraldehyde (GA). We confirmed that nHAP or the crosslinking agent has no effects on scaffold pore size and porosity. Nonetheless, incorporation of nHAP increased mechanical strength, swelling ratio and degree of crosslinking, but decreased degradation rate. Cryogels crosslinked with EDC showed faster degradation and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs while those prepared from GA crosslinking promoted proliferation of BMSCs. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation was always enhanced in the presence of nHAP irrespective of the culture medium (normal or osteogenic) used but osteogenic medium always provide a higher extent of osteogenic differentiation. Employing gelatin/nHAP cryogel crosslinked by EDC in a bioreactor for dynamic culture of BMSCs, cyclic compressive mechanical simulation was found to be beneficial for both cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. However, the optimum conditions for osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation were found at 30% and 60% strain, respectively. We thus demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs could be tuned by taking advantages of chemical cues generated from scaffold chemistry or physical cues generated from dynamic cell culture in vitro. Furthermore, by combining the best cryogel preparation and in vitro cell culture condition for osteogenesis, we successfully employed in vitro cultured cryogel/BMSCs constructs for repair of rabbit critical-sized cranial bone defects.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu C, Lin C, Feng X, Wu Z, Lin G, Quan C, Chen B, Zhang C. A Biomimicking Polymeric Cryogel Scaffold for Repair of Critical-Sized Cranial Defect in a Rat Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1591-1604. [PMID: 30950322 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized polymeric cryogels with interconnective macroporous structure have demonstrated their potential as promising scaffolding material in bone tissue engineering. However, their capability in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and osteogenesis in vivo has not been explored yet. In this work, the roles of the mineralized cryogel on osteogenesis are systematically studied. Mineralized macroporous poly(ethylene glycol)-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate cryogel promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat MSCs, particularly in upregulating the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, ∼5.7-folds) and expression of related osteogenic gene markers (ALP ∼16-folds, osteocalcin ∼133-folds) at 14 days. In vivo implantation reveals that mineralized cryogels could promote fast osteogenesis and angiogenesis in critical-sized cranial bone defect of a Sprague-Dawley rat model in 4 weeks. The adsorption, entrapment, and concentration of osteogenic growth factors (bone morphogenetic protein 2) and angiogenesis growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) in the matrices in vivo may possibly participate in the process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Notably, the adsorption of larger amount of VEGF in nonmineralized cryogels facilitates obvious angiogenesis and comparable osteogenesis in bone defect in 8 weeks. Graphical abstract [Figure: see text] Impact Statement The current work reported the fabrication and characterization of a biomimicking mineralized polymeric cryogel as scaffolding material in bone regeneration. In addition to its three dimensional porous structure and the osteogenic potential, this biomimicking scaffold was also found to enhance the adsorption of biochemical cues, which in turn greatly promoted the angiogenesis as well as the tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, , China
| | - Chaowen Lin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First People's Hospital of FoShan (Affiliated FoShan Hospital of Sun Yet-sen University), Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoreng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhaoying Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guanghu Lin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyun Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instruments, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hixon KR, Carletta MN, Neal SM, Talovic M, Dunn AJ, Garg K, Sell SA. Mineralization and antibacterial potential of bioactive cryogel scaffolds in vitro. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1522504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Hixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marissa N. Carletta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sydney M. Neal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Muhamed Talovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew J. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A. Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qi D, Wu S, Kuss MA, Shi W, Chung S, Deegan PT, Kamenskiy A, He Y, Duan B. Mechanically robust cryogels with injectability and bioprinting supportability for adipose tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:131-142. [PMID: 29842971 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered adipose tissues have gained increased interest as a promising alternative to autologous tissue flaps and synthetic adipose fillers for soft tissue augmentation and defect reconstruction in clinic. Although many scaffolding materials and biofabrication methods have been investigated for adipose tissue engineering in the last decades, there are still challenges to recapitulate the appropriate adipose tissue microenvironment, maintain volume stability, and induce vascularization to achieve long-term function and integration. In the present research, we fabricated cryogels consisting of methacrylated gelatin, methacrylated hyaluronic acid, and 4arm poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (PEG-4A) by using cryopolymerization. The cryogels were repeatedly injectable and stretchable, and the addition of PEG-4A improved the robustness and mechanical properties. The cryogels supported human adipose progenitor cell (HWA) and adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cell adhesion, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation and maturation, regardless of the addition of PEG-4A. The HWA laden cryogels facilitated the co-culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and capillary-like network formation, which in return also promoted adipogenesis. We further combined cryogels with 3D bioprinting to generate handleable adipose constructs with clinically relevant size. 3D bioprinting enabled the deposition of multiple bioinks onto the cryogels. The bioprinted flap-like constructs had an integrated structure without delamination and supported vascularization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Adipose tissue engineering is promising for reconstruction of soft tissue defects, and also challenging for restoring and maintaining soft tissue volume and shape, and achieving vascularization and integration. In this study, we fabricated cryogels with mechanical robustness, injectability, and stretchability by using cryopolymerization. The cryogels promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation and maturation of human adipose progenitor cells and adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Moreover, the cryogels also supported 3D bioprinting on top, forming vascularized adipose constructs. This study demonstrates the potential of the implementation of cryogels for generating volume-stable adipose tissue constructs and provides a strategy to fabricate vascularized flap-like constructs for complex soft tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ali S, Shehzad FK, Maitlo I, Valiev S, Muhyodin G, Nie J. Binary phase solid-state photopolymerization behavior of acrylate cryogels under different light sources. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Farooq Khurum Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Inamullah Maitlo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Dawood University of Engineering and Technology; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Sultan Valiev
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Muhyodin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lozinsky VI, Kulakova VK, Ivanov RV, Petrenko AY, Rogulska OY, Petrenko YA. Cryostructuring of polymer systems. 47. Preparation of wide porous gelatin-based cryostructurates in sterilizing organic media and assessment of the suitability of thus formed matrices as spongy scaffolds for 3D cell culturing. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNew gelatin-based cryostructurates have been elaborated and tested as scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing. Scaffold preparation included dissolution of Type A gelatin in dimethylsulfoxide, freezing of such solution, cryoextraction of crystalline phase with cold ethanol, cross-linking of gelatin with carbodiimide in ethanol medium, treatment of the matrix with ethanolic solution of Tris and tanning of the matrix with formaldehyde dissolved in ethanol. The use of organic media during all the preparation stages ensured the sterility of the scaffolds. The matrices thus prepared were seeded with human adipose tissue multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to confirm the biocompatibility of scaffolds and their possibility to provide necessary environment for the cell growth and differentiation. The cells attached onto the surface of the pore walls, proliferated and differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. These results demonstrate that gelatin-based cryostructurates prepared in the sterility ensuring organic media can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina K. Kulakova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V. Ivanov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yu. Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Peryaslavskaya Str., 61015, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Olena Yu. Rogulska
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Peryaslavskaya Str., 61015, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy A. Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Peryaslavskaya Str., 61015, Kharkov, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
De France KJ, Xu F, Hoare T. Structured Macroporous Hydrogels: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29195022 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Structured macroporous hydrogels that have controllable porosities on both the nanoscale and the microscale offer both the swelling and interfacial properties of bulk hydrogels as well as the transport properties of "hard" macroporous materials. While a variety of techniques such as solvent casting, freeze drying, gas foaming, and phase separation have been developed to fabricate structured macroporous hydrogels, the typically weak mechanics and isotropic pore structures achieved as well as the required use of solvent/additives in the preparation process all limit the potential applications of these materials, particularly in biomedical contexts. This review highlights recent developments in the field of structured macroporous hydrogels aiming to increase network strength, create anisotropy and directionality within the networks, and utilize solvent-free or additive-free fabrication methods. Such functional materials are well suited for not only biomedical applications like tissue engineering and drug delivery but also selective filtration, environmental sorption, and the physical templating of secondary networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. De France
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Three-dimensional macroporous materials for tissue engineering of craniofacial bone. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:875-891. [PMID: 29056355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Repair of critical-size defects caused by trauma, removal of a tumour, or congenital abnormalities is a challenge in the craniomaxillofacial region because of the limitations associated with treatment. We have reviewed research papers and updated information relevant to the various types of macroporous scaffolds. We have included papers on several biomaterials and their use in various craniofacial defects such as mandibular, calvarial, and others, as well as the latest technological developments such as 3-dimensional printed scaffolds. We selected all papers about scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factors for review. Initial selection was by review of titles and abstracts, and the full texts of potentially suitable articles were then assessed. Methods of tissue engineering for repair of critical-size defects in the craniofacial bones seem to be viable options for surgical treatment in the future. Macroporous scaffolds with interconnected pores are of great value in regeneration of bone in the craniofacial region. In recent years, various natural or synthetic materials, or both, have been developed, on which macroporous scaffolds can be based. In this review we present a review on the various types of three-dimensional macroporous scaffolds that have been developed in recent years, and evaluate their potential for regeneration of craniofacial bone.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hixon KR, Lu T, Sell SA. A comprehensive review of cryogels and their roles in tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:29-41. [PMID: 28851666 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is fundamental in providing an appropriate environment for cell interaction and signaling to occur. Replicating such a matrix is advantageous in the support of tissue ingrowth and regeneration through the field of tissue engineering. While scaffolds can be fabricated in many ways, cryogels have recently become a popular approach due to their macroporous structure and durability. Produced through the crosslinking of gel precursors followed by a subsequent controlled freeze/thaw cycle, the resulting cryogel provides a unique, sponge-like structure. Therefore, cryogels have proven advantageous for many tissue engineering applications including roles in bioreactor systems, cell separation, and scaffolding. Specifically, the matrix has been demonstrated to encourage the production of various molecules, such as antibodies, and has also been used for cryopreservation. Cryogels can pose as a bioreactor for the expansion of cell lines, as well as a vehicle for cell separation. Lastly, this matrix has shown excellent potential as a tissue engineered scaffold, encouraging regrowth at numerous damaged tissue sites in vivo. This review will briefly discuss the fabrication of cryogels, with an emphasis placed on their application in various facets of tissue engineering to provide an overview of this unique scaffold's past and future roles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cryogels are unique scaffolds produced through the controlled freezing and thawing of a polymer solution. There is an ever-growing body of literature that demonstrates their applicability in the realm of tissue engineering as extracellular matrix analogue scaffolds; with extensive information having been provided regarding the fabrication, porosity, and mechanical integrity of the scaffolds. Additionally, cryogels have been reviewed with respect to their role in bioseparation and as cellular incubators. This all-inclusive view of the roles that cryogels can play is critical to advancing the technology and expanding its niche within biomaterials and tissue engineering research. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of cryogel applications in tissue engineering that includes specific looks at their growing roles as extracellular matrix analogues, incubators, and in bioseparation processes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hixon KR, Melvin AM, Lin AY, Hall AF, Sell SA. Cryogel scaffolds from patient-specific 3D-printed molds for personalized tissue-engineered bone regeneration in pediatric cleft-craniofacial defects. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:598-611. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217734824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects are extremely common in children with cleft-craniofacial conditions, especially those with alveolar cleft defects and cranial defects. This study used patient-specific 3D-printed molds derived from computed tomography and cryogel scaffold fabrication as a proof of concept for the creation of site-specific implants for bone reconstruction. Cryogel scaffolds are unique tissue-engineered constructs formed at sub-zero temperatures. When thawed, the resulting structure is macroporous, sponge-like, and mechanically durable. Due to these unique properties, cryogels have excellent potential for the treatment of patient-specific bone defects; however, there is little literature on their use in cleft-craniofacial defects. While 3D-printing technology currently lacks the spatial resolution to print the microstructure necessary for bone regeneration, it can be used to create site-specific molds. Thus, it is ideal to integrate these techniques for the fabrication of scaffolds with patient-specific geometry. Overall, all cryogels possessed appropriate geometry to allow for cell infiltration after 28 days. Additionally, suitable mechanical durability was demonstrated where, despite mold geometry, all cryogels could be compressed without exhibiting crack propagation. Such a patient-specific scaffold would be ideal in pediatric cleft-craniofacial defects, as these are complex 3D defects and children have less donor bone availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Hixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexa M Melvin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander Y Lin
- Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew F Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao C, Feng P, Peng S, Shuai C. Carbon nanotube, graphene and boron nitride nanotube reinforced bioactive ceramics for bone repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 61:1-20. [PMID: 28501710 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The high brittleness and low strength of bioactive ceramics have severely restricted their application in bone repair despite the fact that they have been regarded as one of the most promising biomaterials. In the last few years, low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs), including carbon nanotubes, graphene and boron nitride nanotubes, have gained increasing attention owing to their favorable biocompatibility, large surface specific area and super mechanical properties. These qualities make LDNs potential nanofillers in reinforcing bioactive ceramics. In this review, the types, characteristics and applications of the commonly used LDNs in ceramic composites are summarized. In addition, the fabrication methods for LDNs/ceramic composites, such as hot pressing, spark plasma sintering and selective laser sintering, are systematically reviewed and compared. Emphases are placed on how to obtain the uniform dispersion of LDNs in a ceramic matrix and maintain the structural stability of LDNs during the high-temperature fabrication process of ceramics. The reinforcing mechanisms of LDNs in ceramic composites are then discussed in-depth. The in vitro and in vivo studies of LDNs/ceramic in bone repair are also summarized and discussed. Finally, new developments and potential applications of LDNs/ceramic composites are further discussed with reference to experimental and theoretical studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite bioactive ceramics having been regarded as promising biomaterials, their high brittleness and low strength severely restrict their application in bone scaffolds. In recent years, low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs), including carbon nanotubes, graphene and boron nitride nanotubes, have shown great potential in reinforcing bioactive ceramics owing to their unique structures and properties. However, so far it has been difficult to maintain the structural stability of LDNs during fabrication of LDNs/ceramic composites, due to the lengthy, high-temperature process involved. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the developments and applications of LDNs in bioactive ceramics. The newly-developed fabrication methods for LDNs/ceramic composites, the reinforcing mechanisms and the in vitro and in vivo performance of LDNs are also summarized and discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hixon KR, Lu T, Carletta MN, McBride-Gagyi SH, Janowiak BE, Sell SA. A preliminary in vitro evaluation of the bioactive potential of cryogel scaffolds incorporated with Manuka honey for the treatment of chronic bone infections. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1918-1933. [PMID: 28960886 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified honey as an agent in bacterial inhibition and a mediator in lowering the pH at the wound site. Manuka honey (MH), indigenous to New Zealand, contains a Unique Manuka Factor that provides an additional antibacterial agent. While there are many potential benefits to incorporating MH into wounds, there is currently no ideal way to deliver the material to the site of injury. Cryogels are a type of scaffold that possess high porosity, mechanical stability, and a sponge-like consistency. This study uniquely incorporates varying amounts of MH into cryogel scaffolds, utilizing its properties in a sustained release fashion to assist in the overall healing process, while using the cryogel structure as a tissue template. All cryogels were evaluated to determine the effects of MH on porosity, swelling potential, mechanical durability, and cell compatibility. The release of MH was also quantified to evaluate bacterial clearance potential, and the scaffolds were mineralized to replicate native bone. It was determined that a 5% MH silk fibroin cryogel has the potential to inhibit bacterial growth while still maintaining adequate porosity, mechanical properties, and cell infiltration. Such a scaffold would have use in a number of applications, including bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1918-1933, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Hixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tracy Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marissa N Carletta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hixon KR, Eberlin CT, Lu T, Neal SM, Case ND, McBride-Gagyi SH, Sell SA. The calcification potential of cryogel scaffolds incorporated with various forms of hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:025005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5d76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang G, Song X, Mei J, Ye G, Wang L, Yu L, Xing MQ, Qiu X. A simple 3D cryogel co-culture system used to study the role of CAFs in EMT of MDA-MB-231 cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a 3D co-culture system for the study of the role of CAFs in the EMT process of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Genlan Ye
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Leyu Wang
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| | - Malcolm M. Q. Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Department of Anatomy
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lowe B, Nam SY. Synthesis and biocompatibility assessment of a cysteine-based nanocomposite for applications in bone tissue engineering. Biomed Eng Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-016-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
30
|
Amer H, Nypelö T, Sulaeva I, Bacher M, Henniges U, Potthast A, Rosenau T. Synthesis and Characterization of Periodate-Oxidized Polysaccharides: Dialdehyde Xylan (DAX). Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2972-80. [PMID: 27529432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cleavage of the C2-C3 bond in the building units of 1 → 4-linked polysaccharides by periodate formally results in two aldehyde units, which are present in several masked forms. The structural elucidation of such polysaccharide dialdehydes remains a big challenge. Since polysaccharide derivatives are increasingly applied in materials technology, unveiling the exact structure is of utmost importance. To address this issue for xylan, dialdehyde xylan (DAX, oxidation degree of 91.5%) has been synthesized as water-soluble polymer. The ATR-FTIR spectrum of DAX showed free aldehyde to be absent and exhibited a characteristic absorption at 858 cm(-1) related to hemiacetal groups. By a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, it was confirmed that oxidized xylan is present as poly(2,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-3,5-diyl-1,4-dioxane). Based on GPC analysis, the DAX polymer shows a slightly lower molar mass (6.6 kDa) compared to the starting material (7.7 kDa) right after oxidation, and degraded further after one month of storage in 0.1 M NaCl solution (4.3 kDa). The oxidized xylan demonstrated lower thermal stability upon TGA analysis and a greater amount of residual char (20.6%) compared to the unmodified xylan (13.7%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Amer
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Department of Natural and Microbial Products Chemistry, National Research Centre , 33 Al Bohous St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.,Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, Department of Materials Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Irina Sulaeva
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Ute Henniges
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Atila D, Keskin D, Tezcaner A. Crosslinked pullulan/cellulose acetate fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:1103-15. [PMID: 27612808 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural polymer based fibrous scaffolds have been explored for bone tissue engineering applications; however, their inadequate 3-dimensionality and poor mechanical properties are among the concerns for their use as bone substitutes. In this study, pullulan (P) and cellulose acetate (CA), two polysaccharides, were electrospun at various P/CA ratios (P80/CA20, P50/CA50, and P20/CA80%) to develop 3D fibrous network. The scaffolds were then crosslinked with trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) to improve the mechanical properties and to delay fast weight loss. The lowest weight loss was observed for the groups that were crosslinked with P/STMP 2/1 for 10min. Fiber morphologies of P50/CA50 were more uniform without phase separation and this group was crosslinked most efficiently among groups. It was found that mechanical properties of P20/CA80 and P50/CA50 were higher than that of P80/CA20. After crosslinking strain values of P50/CA50 scaffolds were improved and these scaffolds became more stable. Unlike P80/CA20, uncrosslinked P50/CA50 and P20/CA80 were not lost in PBS. Among all groups, crosslinked P50/CA50 scaffolds had more uniform pores; therefore this group was used for bioactivity and cell culture studies. Apatite-like structures were observed on fibers after SBF incubation. Human Osteogenic Sarcoma Cell Line (Saos-2) seeded onto crosslinked P50/CA50 scaffolds adhered and proliferated. The functionality of cells was tested by measuring ALP activity of the cells and the results indicated their osteoblastic differentiation. In vitro tests showed that scaffolds were cytocompatible. To sum up, crosslinked P50/CA50 scaffolds were proposed as candidate cell carriers for bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atila
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
| | - Dilek Keskin
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Turkey; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center of Excellence, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Turkey; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center of Excellence, Middle East Technical University, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Savina IN, Ingavle GC, Cundy AB, Mikhalovsky SV. A simple method for the production of large volume 3D macroporous hydrogels for advanced biotechnological, medical and environmental applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21154. [PMID: 26883390 PMCID: PMC4756301 DOI: 10.1038/srep21154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of bulk, three-dimensional (3D), macroporous polymers with high permeability, large surface area and large volume is highly desirable for a range of applications in the biomedical, biotechnological and environmental areas. The experimental techniques currently used are limited to the production of small size and volume cryogel material. In this work we propose a novel, versatile, simple and reproducible method for the synthesis of large volume porous polymer hydrogels by cryogelation. By controlling the freezing process of the reagent/polymer solution, large-scale 3D macroporous gels with wide interconnected pores (up to 200 μm in diameter) and large accessible surface area have been synthesized. For the first time, macroporous gels (of up to 400 ml bulk volume) with controlled porous structure were manufactured, with potential for scale up to much larger gel dimensions. This method can be used for production of novel 3D multi-component macroporous composite materials with a uniform distribution of embedded particles. The proposed method provides better control of freezing conditions and thus overcomes existing drawbacks limiting production of large gel-based devices and matrices. The proposed method could serve as a new design concept for functional 3D macroporous gels and composites preparation for biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Savina
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Ganesh C. Ingavle
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Andrew B. Cundy
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Sergey V. Mikhalovsky
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
- School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Joy J, Gupta A, Jahnavi S, Verma RS, Ray AR, Gupta B. Understanding thein situcrosslinked gelatin hydrogel. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincy Joy
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi 110016 India
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Amlan Gupta
- Department of Pathology; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences; Gangtok 737102 India
| | - Sarvepalli Jahnavi
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Rama S Verma
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Alok R Ray
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi 110016 India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tummalapalli M, Gupta B. A UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Aldehyde Groups in Periodate-Oxidized Polysaccharides Using2,4-Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine. J Carbohydr Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2015.1068793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
Henderson TM, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O’Connor AJ. Formation and characterisation of a modifiable soft macro-porous hyaluronic acid cryogel platform. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:881-97. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1065597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
36
|
Zhang Y, Zhang X, Xu L, Wei S, Zhai M. Radiation cross-linked collagen/dextran dermal scaffolds: effects of dextran on cross-linking and degradation. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 26:162-80. [PMID: 25431991 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.985023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation effectively cross-links collagen into network with enhanced anti-degradability and biocompatibility, while radiation-cross-linked collagen scaffold lacks flexibility, satisfactory surface appearance, and performs poor in cell penetration and ingrowth. To make the radiation-cross-linked collagen scaffold to serve as an ideal artificial dermis, dextran was incorporated into collagen. Scaffolds with the collagen/dextran (Col/Dex) ratios of 10/0, 7/3, and 5/5 were fabricated via (60)Co γ-irradiation cross-linking, followed by lyophilization. The morphology, microstructure, physicochemical, and biological properties were investigated. Compared with pure collagen, scaffolds with dextran demonstrated more porous appearance, enhanced hydrophilicity while the cross-linking density was lower with the consequence of larger pore size, higher water uptake, as well as reduced stiffness. Accelerated degradation was observed when dextran was incorporated in both the in vitro and in vivo assays, which led to earlier integration with cell and host tissue. The effect of dextran on degradation was ascribed to the decreased cross-linking density, looser microstructure, more porous and hydrophilic surface. Considering the better appearance, softness, moderate degradation rate due to controllable cross-linking degree and good biocompatibility as well, radiation-cross-linked collagen/dextran scaffolds are expected to serve as promising artificial dermal substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhang
- a Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Henderson TMA, Ladewig K, Haylock DN, McLean KM, O'Connor AJ. Cryogels for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2682-2695. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
38
|
Odabas S, Feichtinger GA, Korkusuz P, Inci I, Bilgic E, Yar AS, Cavusoglu T, Menevse S, Vargel I, Piskin E. Auricular cartilage repair using cryogel scaffolds loaded with BMP-7-expressing primary chondrocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:831-40. [PMID: 23281155 DOI: 10.1002/term.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of cartilage tissue due to trauma, tumour surgery or congenital defects, such as microtia and anotia, is one of the major concerns in head and neck surgery. Recently tissue-engineering approaches, including gene delivery, have been proposed for the regeneration of cartilage tissue. In this study, primary chondrocytes were genetically modified with plasmid-encoding bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) via the commercially available non-viral Turbofect vector, with the aim of bringing ex vivo transfected chondrocytes to resynthesize BMP-7 in vitro as they would in vivo. Genetically modified cells were implanted into gelatin-oxidized dextran scaffolds and cartilage tissue formation was investigated in 15 × 15 mm auricular cartilage defects in vivo in 48 New Zealand (NZ) white rabbits for 4 months. The results were evaluated via histology and early gene expression. Early gene expression results indicated a strong effect of exogenous BMP-7 on matrix synthesis and chondrocyte growth. In addition, histological analysis results exhibited significantly better cartilage healing with BMP-7-modified (transfected) cells than in the non-modified (non-transfected) group and as well as the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Odabas
- Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division and Centre for Bioengineering (Biyomedtek), Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
The treatment of segmental bone defects in rabbit tibiae with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/hydroxyapatite "cryogel" scaffold. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2012; 23:767-74. [PMID: 23412202 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-012-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a novel hydroxyapatite containing gelatin scaffold--with and without local vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) administration--as the synthetic graft material in treatment of critical-sized bone defects. An experimental nonunion model was established by creating critical-sized (10 mm. in length) bone defects in the proximal tibiae of 30 skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits. Following tibial intramedullary fixation, the rabbits were grouped into three: The defects were left empty in the first (control) group, the defects were grafted with synthetic scaffolds in the second group, and synthetic scaffolds loaded with VEGF were administered at bone defects in the third group. Five rabbits in each group were killed on 6th and 12th weeks, and new bone growth was assessed radiologically, histologically and with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). At 6 weeks, VEGF-administered group had significantly better scores than the other two groups. The second group also had significantly better scores than the control group. At 12 weeks, while no significant difference was noted between the second and third groups, these two groups both had significantly better scores in all criteria compared with the control group. There were no signs of complete fracture healing in the control group. The administration of hydroxyapatite containing gelatin scaffold yielded favorable results in grafting the critical-sized bone defects in this experimental model. The local administration of VEGF on the graft had a positive effect in the early phase of fracture healing.
Collapse
|