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Xu F, Jin H, Liu L, Yang Y, Cen J, Wu Y, Chen S, Sun D. Architecture design and advanced manufacturing of heart-on-a-chip: scaffolds, stimulation and sensors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:96. [PMID: 39006908 PMCID: PMC11239895 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) has emerged as a highly efficient, cost-effective device for the development of engineered cardiac tissue, facilitating high-throughput testing in drug development and clinical treatment. HoC is primarily used to create a biomimetic microphysiological environment conducive to fostering the maturation of cardiac tissue and to gather information regarding the real-time condition of cardiac tissue. The development of architectural design and advanced manufacturing for these "3S" components, scaffolds, stimulation, and sensors is essential for improving the maturity of cardiac tissue cultivated on-chip, as well as the precision and accuracy of tissue states. In this review, the typical structures and manufacturing technologies of the "3S" components are summarized. The design and manufacturing suggestions for each component are proposed. Furthermore, key challenges and future perspectives of HoC platforms with integrated "3S" components are discussed. Architecture design concepts of scaffolds, stimulation and sensors in chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Hang Jin
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Jianzheng Cen
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
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2
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Tian JS, Tay A. Progress on Electro-Enhancement of Cell Manufacturing. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301281. [PMID: 38059759 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With the long persistence of complex, chronic diseases in society, there is increasing motivation to develop cells as living medicine to treat diseases ranging from cancer to wounds. While cell therapies can significantly impact healthcare, the shortage of starter cells meant that considerable raw materials must be channeled solely for cell expansion, leading to expensive products with long manufacturing time which can prevent accessibility by patients who either cannot afford the treatment or have highly aggressive diseases and cannot wait that long. Over the last three decades, there has been increasing knowledge on the effects of electrical modulation on proliferation, but to the best of the knowledge, none of these studies went beyond how electro-control of cell proliferation may be extended to enhance industrial scale cell manufacturing. Here, this review is started by discussing the importance of maximizing cell yield during manufacturing before comparing strategies spanning biomolecular/chemical/physical to modulate cell proliferation. Next, the authors describe how factors governing invasive and non-invasive electrical stimulation (ES) including capacitive coupling electric field may be modified to boost cell manufacturing. This review concludes by describing what needs to be urgently performed to bridge the gap between academic investigation of ES to industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Shane Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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3
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Gokhan I, Blum TS, Campbell SG. Engineered heart tissue: Design considerations and the state of the art. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021308. [PMID: 38912258 PMCID: PMC11192576 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Originally developed more than 20 years ago, engineered heart tissue (EHT) has become an important tool in cardiovascular research for applications such as disease modeling and drug screening. Innovations in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and bioengineering, among other fields, have enabled EHT technologies to recapitulate many aspects of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. While initial EHT designs were inspired by the isolated-trabecula culture system, current designs encompass a variety of formats, each of which have unique strengths and limitations. In this review, we describe the most common EHT formats, and then systematically evaluate each aspect of their design, emphasizing the rational selection of components for each application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas S. Blum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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4
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Bravo-Olín J, Martínez-Carreón SA, Francisco-Solano E, Lara AR, Beltran-Vargas NE. Analysis of the role of perfusion, mechanical, and electrical stimulation in bioreactors for cardiac tissue engineering. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:767-839. [PMID: 38643271 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Since cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are globally one of the leading causes of death, of which myocardial infarction (MI) can cause irreversible damage and decrease survivors' quality of life, novel therapeutics are needed. Current approaches such as organ transplantation do not fully restore cardiac function or are limited. As a valuable strategy, tissue engineering seeks to obtain constructs that resemble myocardial tissue, vessels, and heart valves using cells, biomaterials as scaffolds, biochemical and physical stimuli. The latter can be induced using a bioreactor mimicking the heart's physiological environment. An extensive review of bioreactors providing perfusion, mechanical and electrical stimulation, as well as the combination of them is provided. An analysis of the stimulations' mechanisms and modes that best suit cardiac construct culture is developed. Finally, we provide insights into bioreactor configuration and culture assessment properties that need to be elucidated for its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bravo-Olín
- Biological Engineering Undergraduate Program, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Sabina A Martínez-Carreón
- Biological Engineering Undergraduate Program, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Emmanuel Francisco-Solano
- Natural Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México
| | - Alvaro R Lara
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nohra E Beltran-Vargas
- Process and Technology Department, Division of Natural Science and Engineering, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 05348, México.
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5
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Feaster TK, Ewoldt JK, Avila A, Casciola M, Narkar A, Chen CS, Blinova K. Nonclinical evaluation of chronic cardiac contractility modulation on 3D human engineered cardiac tissues. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:895-905. [PMID: 38433304 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a medical device-based therapy delivering non-excitatory electrical stimulations to the heart to enhance cardiac function in heart failure (HF) patients. The lack of human in vitro tools to assess CCM hinders our understanding of CCM mechanisms of action. Here, we introduce a novel chronic (i.e., 2-day) in vitro CCM assay to evaluate the effects of CCM in a human 3D microphysiological system consisting of engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs). METHODS Cryopreserved human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were used to generate 3D ECTs. The ECTs were cultured, incorporating human primary ventricular cardiac fibroblasts and a fibrin-based gel. Electrical stimulation was applied using two separate pulse generators for the CCM group and control group. Contractile properties and intracellular calcium were measured, and a cardiac gene quantitative PCR screen was conducted. RESULTS Chronic CCM increased contraction amplitude and duration, enhanced intracellular calcium transient amplitude, and altered gene expression related to HF (i.e., natriuretic peptide B, NPPB) and excitation-contraction coupling (i.e., sodium-calcium exchanger, SLC8). CONCLUSION These data represent the first study of chronic CCM in a 3D ECT model, providing a nonclinical tool to assess the effects of cardiac electrophysiology medical device signals complementing in vivo animal studies. The methodology established a standardized 3D ECT-based in vitro testbed for chronic CCM, allowing evaluation of physiological and molecular effects on human cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tromondae K Feaster
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jourdan K Ewoldt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Avila
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Maura Casciola
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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6
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Licata JP, Schwab KH, Har-El YE, Gerstenhaber JA, Lelkes PI. Bioreactor Technologies for Enhanced Organoid Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11427. [PMID: 37511186 PMCID: PMC10380004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. Recent work has seen organoids gain prominence as a valuable model for studying tissue development, drug discovery, and potential clinical applications. The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. The generation and maturation of high-fidelity organoids entails developing and optimizing environmental conditions to provide the optimal cues for growth and 3D maturation, such as oxygenation, mechanical and fluidic activation, nutrition gradients, etc. To this end, we discuss the four main categories of bioreactors used for organoid culture: stirred bioreactors (SBR), microfluidic bioreactors (MFB), rotating wall vessels (RWV), and electrically stimulating (ES) bioreactors. We aim to lay out the state-of-the-art of both commercial and in-house developed bioreactor systems, their benefits to the culture of organoids derived from various cells and tissues, and the limitations of bioreactor technology, including sterilization, accessibility, and suitability and ease of use for long-term culture. Finally, we discuss future directions for improvements to existing bioreactor technology and how they may be used to enhance organoid culture for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Licata
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Kyle H Schwab
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yah-El Har-El
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jonathan A Gerstenhaber
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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7
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Lee P, Hou L, Alibhai FJ, Al-attar R, Simón-Chica A, Redondo-Rodríguez A, Nie Y, Mirotsou M, Laflamme MA, Swaminath G, Filgueiras-Rama D. A fully-automated low-cost cardiac monolayer optical mapping robot. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1096884. [PMID: 37283579 PMCID: PMC10240081 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1096884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Scalable and high-throughput electrophysiological measurement systems are necessary to accelerate the elucidation of cardiac diseases in drug development. Optical mapping is the primary method of simultaneously measuring several key electrophysiological parameters, such as action potentials, intracellular free calcium and conduction velocity, at high spatiotemporal resolution. This tool has been applied to isolated whole-hearts, whole-hearts in-vivo, tissue-slices and cardiac monolayers/tissue-constructs. Although optical mapping of all of these substrates have contributed to our understanding of ion-channels and fibrillation dynamics, cardiac monolayers/tissue-constructs are scalable macroscopic substrates that are particularly amenable to high-throughput interrogation. Here, we describe and validate a scalable and fully-automated monolayer optical mapping robot that requires no human intervention and with reasonable costs. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we performed parallelized macroscopic optical mapping of calcium dynamics in the well-established neonatal-rat-ventricular-myocyte monolayer plated on standard 35 mm dishes. Given the advancements in regenerative and personalized medicine, we also performed parallelized macroscopic optical mapping of voltage dynamics in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte monolayers using a genetically encoded voltage indictor and a commonly-used voltage sensitive dye to demonstrate the versatility of our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lee
- Novel Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Essel Research and Development Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luqia Hou
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Faisal J. Alibhai
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rasha Al-attar
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Simón-Chica
- Novel Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Redondo-Rodríguez
- Novel Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yilin Nie
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria Mirotsou
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael A. Laflamme
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gayathri Swaminath
- Cardiometabolic Department, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David Filgueiras-Rama
- Novel Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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8
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A novel ex vivo assay to define charge-balanced electrical stimulation parameters for neural precursor cell activation in vivo. Brain Res 2023; 1804:148263. [PMID: 36702184 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neural stem cells and their progeny (together termed neural precursor cells (NPCs)) are promising candidates to facilitate neuroregeneration. Charge-balanced biphasic monopolar stimulation (BPMP) is a clinically relevant approach that can activate NPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we established a novel ex vivo stimulation system to optimize the efficacy of BPMP electric field (EF) application in activating endogenous NPCs. Using the ex vivo system, we discerned that cathodal amplitude of 200 μA resulted in the greatest NPC pool expansion and enhanced cathodal migration. Application of the same stimulation parameters in vivo resulted in the same NPC activation in the mouse brain. The design and implementation of the novel ex vivo model bridges the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems, enabling a moderate throughput stimulation system to explore and optimize EF parameters that can be applied to clinically relevant brain injury/disease models.
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9
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Malihi G, Nikoui V, Elson EL. A review on qualifications and cost effectiveness of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs)-induced cardiomyocytes in drug screening tests. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:131-142. [PMID: 32783745 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1802600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) have initiated a higher degree of successes in disease modelling, preclinical evaluation of drug therapy and pharmaco-toxicological testing. Since the discovery of iPSCs in 2006, many advanced techniques have been introduced to differentiate iPSCs to cardiomyocytes, which have been progressively improved. The disease models from iPSC-induced cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) have been successfully helping to study a variety of cardiac diseases such as long QT syndrome, drug-induced long QT, different cardiomyopathies related to mutations in mitochondria or desmosomal proteins and other rare genetic diseases. IPSC-CMs have also been used to screen the role of chemicals in cardiovascular drug discovery and individualisation of drug dosages. In this review, the quality of current procedures for characterisation and maturation of iPSC-CM lines will be discussed. Also, we will focus on time efficiency and cost of standard differentiation methods after reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Nikoui
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elliot L Elson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Gabetti S, Sileo A, Montrone F, Putame G, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Massai D. Versatile electrical stimulator for cardiac tissue engineering-Investigation of charge-balanced monophasic and biphasic electrical stimulations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1031183. [PMID: 36686253 PMCID: PMC9846083 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1031183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of biomimetic physical stimuli replicating the in vivo dynamic microenvironment is crucial for the in vitro development of functional cardiac tissues. In particular, pulsed electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to improve the functional properties of in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes. However, commercially available electrical stimulators are expensive and cumbersome devices while customized solutions often allow limited parameter tunability, constraining the investigation of different ES protocols. The goal of this study was to develop a versatile compact electrical stimulator (ELETTRA) for biomimetic cardiac tissue engineering approaches, designed for delivering controlled parallelizable ES at a competitive cost. ELETTRA is based on an open-source micro-controller running custom software and is combinable with different cell/tissue culture set-ups, allowing simultaneously testing different ES patterns on multiple samples. In particular, customized culture chambers were appositely designed and manufactured for investigating the influence of monophasic and biphasic pulsed ES on cardiac cell monolayers. Finite element analysis was performed for characterizing the spatial distributions of the electrical field and the current density within the culture chamber. Performance tests confirmed the accuracy, compliance, and reliability of the ES parameters delivered by ELETTRA. Biological tests were performed on neonatal rat cardiac cells, electrically stimulated for 4 days, by comparing, for the first time, the monophasic waveform (electric field = 5 V/cm) to biphasic waveforms by matching either the absolute value of the electric field variation (biphasic ES at ±2.5 V/cm) or the total delivered charge (biphasic ES at ±5 V/cm). Findings suggested that monophasic ES at 5 V/cm and, particularly, charge-balanced biphasic ES at ±5 V/cm were effective in enhancing electrical functionality of stimulated cardiac cells and in promoting synchronous contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gabetti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Sileo
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federica Montrone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Putame
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L. Audenino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy,*Correspondence: Diana Massai,
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11
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Martín D, Bocio-Nuñez J, Scagliusi SF, Pérez P, Huertas G, Yúfera A, Giner M, Daza P. DC electrical stimulation enhances proliferation and differentiation on N2a and MC3T3 cell lines. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:27. [PMID: 36229846 PMCID: PMC9563743 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electrical stimulation is a novel tool to promote the differentiation and proliferation of precursor cells. In this work we have studied the effects of direct current (DC) electrical stimulation on neuroblastoma (N2a) and osteoblast (MC3T3) cell lines as a model for nervous and bone tissue regeneration, respectively. We have developed the electronics and encapsulation of a proposed stimulation system and designed a setup and protocol to stimulate cell cultures. Methods Cell cultures were subjected to several assays to assess the effects of electrical stimulation on them. N2a cells were analyzed using microscope images and an inmunofluorescence assay, differentiated cells were counted and neurites were measured. MC3T3 cells were subjected to an AlamarBlue assay for viability, ALP activity was measured, and a real time PCR was carried out. Results Our results show that electrically stimulated cells had more tendency to differentiate in both cell lines when compared to non-stimulated cultures, paired with a promotion of neurite growth and polarization in N2a cells and an increase in proliferation in MC3T3 cell line. Conclusions These results prove the effectiveness of electrical stimulation as a tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, both for neural and bone injuries. Bone progenitor cells submitted to electrical stimulation have a higher tendency to differentiate and proliferate, filling the gaps present in injuries. On the other hand, neuronal progenitor cells differentiate, and their neurites can be polarized to follow the electric field applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín
- Electronics Technology Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. .,Microelectronics Institute of Seville, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | - J Bocio-Nuñez
- Bone Metabolism Unit, UGC Medicina Interna, HUV Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Santiago F Scagliusi
- Electronics Technology Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Microelectronics Institute of Seville, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Electronics Technology Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Microelectronics Institute of Seville, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Microelectronics Institute of Seville, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Electronics and Electromagnetism Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Electronics Technology Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Microelectronics Institute of Seville, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercè Giner
- Departamento de Citologia e Histologia Normal y Patologica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Daza
- Cell Biology Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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12
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Criscione J, Rezaei Z, Hernandez Cantu CM, Murphy S, Shin SR, Kim DH. Heart-on-a-chip platforms and biosensor integration for disease modeling and phenotypic drug screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:44. [PMID: 36057642 PMCID: PMC9440900 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.
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14
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Mancino C, Hendrickson T, Whitney LV, Paradiso F, Abasi S, Tasciotti E, Taraballi F, Guiseppi-Elie A. Electrospun electroconductive constructs of aligned fibers for cardiac tissue engineering. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 44:102567. [PMID: 35595015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of death in the western world. Since the heart has limited regenerative capabilities, several cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) strategies have been proposed to repair the damaged myocardium. A novel electrospun construct with aligned and electroconductive fibers combining gelatin, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and polypyrrole that may serve as a cardiac patch is presented. Constructs were characterized for fiber alignment, surface wettability, shrinkage and swelling behavior, porosity, degradation rate, mechanical properties, and electrical properties. Cell-biomaterial interactions were studied using three different types of cells, Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVM), human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). All cell types showed good viability and unique organization on construct surfaces depending on their phenotype. Finally, we assessed the maturation status of NRVMs after 14 days by confocal images and qRT-PCR. Overall evidence supports a proof-of-concept that this novel biomaterial construct could be a good candidate patch for CTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mancino
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Troy Hendrickson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Texas A&M MD/PhD Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Lauren V Whitney
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Francesca Paradiso
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Reproductive Biology and Gynaecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.
| | - Sara Abasi
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, USA.
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15
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Schneider O, Moruzzi A, Fuchs S, Grobel A, Schulze HS, Mayr T, Loskill P. Fusing spheroids to aligned μ-tissues in a heart-on-chip featuring oxygen sensing and electrical pacing capabilities. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100280. [PMID: 35601892 PMCID: PMC9120495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, Organ-on-Chip (OoC) emerged as a promising technology for advanced in vitro models, recapitulating key physiological cues. OoC approaches tailored for cardiac tissue engineering resulted in a variety of platforms, some of which integrate stimulation or probing capabilities. Due to manual handling processes, however, a large-scale standardized and robust tissue generation, applicable in an industrial setting, is still out of reach. Here, we present a novel cell injection and tissue generation concept relying on spheroids, which can be produced in large quantities and uniform size from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes. Hydrostatic flow transports and accumulates spheroids in dogbone-shaped tissue chambers, which subsequently fuse and form aligned, contracting cardiac muscle fibers. Furthermore, we demonstrate electrical stimulation capabilities by utilizing fluidic media connectors as electrodes and provide the blueprint of a low-cost, open-source, scriptable pulse generator. We report on a novel integration strategy of optical O2 sensor spots into resin-based microfluidic systems, enabling in situ determination of O2 partial pressures. Finally, a proof-of-concept demonstrating electrical stimulation combined with in situ monitoring of metabolic activity in cardiac tissues is provided. The developed system thus opens the door for advanced OoCs integrating biophysical stimulation as well as probing capabilities and serves as a blueprint for the facile and robust generation of high density microtissues in microfluidic modules amenable to scaling-up and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alessia Moruzzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fuchs
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Alina Grobel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Henrike S. Schulze
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Corresponding author. Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany.
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16
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Electrical Stimulation and Cellular Behaviors in Electric Field in Biomedical Research. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010165. [PMID: 35009311 PMCID: PMC8746014 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on the cellular response to electrical stimulation (ES) and its mechanisms focusing on potential clinic applications has been quietly intensified recently. However, the unconventional nature of this methodology has fertilized a great variety of techniques that make the interpretation and comparison of experimental outcomes complicated. This work reviews more than a hundred publications identified mostly from Medline, categorizes the techniques, and comments on their merits and weaknesses. Electrode-based ES, conductive substrate-mediated ES, and noninvasive stimulation are the three principal categories used in biomedical research and clinic. ES has been found to enhance cell proliferation, growth, migration, and stem cell differentiation, showing an important potential in manipulating cellular activities in both normal and pathological conditions. However, inappropriate parameters or setup can have negative effects. The complexity of the delivered electric signals depends on how they are generated and in what form. It is also difficult to equate one set of parameters with another. Mechanistic studies are rare and badly needed. Even so, ES in combination with advanced materials and nanotechnology is developing a strong footing in biomedical research and regenerative medicine.
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17
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Yadav V, Senapati S, Chang HC. Ion-Depleting Action of Perm-Selective Membranes for Enhancing Electrical Communication and Gated Ion Channel Activity in Cell Cultures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4618-4621. [PMID: 34932307 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion-depletion action of an ion-selective membrane produces a moat channel that electrically insulates a cell colony and elevates the cell medium potential uniformly to synchronously activate and deactivate the voltage-gated ion channels of all cells. The result is robust synchronization with strong intercellular electrical communication and the discovery of ion channel deactivation that is only possible when the cells are in communication. The study suggests that the collective response of a cell colony to external stimuli is distinct from that of a single cell. Cell proliferation must hence be guided with strong intercellular communication and proper exogenous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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18
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Tamargo MA, Nash TR, Fleischer S, Kim Y, Vila OF, Yeager K, Summers M, Zhao Y, Lock R, Chavez M, Costa T, Vunjak-Novakovic G. milliPillar: A Platform for the Generation and Real-Time Assessment of Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5215-5229. [PMID: 34668692 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are increasingly used for drug discovery, pharmacology and in models of development and disease. While there are numerous platforms to engineer cardiac tissues, they often require expensive and nonconventional equipment and utilize complex video-processing algorithms. As a result, only specialized academic laboratories have been able to harness this technology. In addition, methodologies and tissue features have been challenging to reproduce between different groups and models. Here, we describe a facile technology (milliPillar) that covers the entire pipeline required for studies of engineered cardiac tissues. We include methodologies for (i) platform fabrication, (ii) cardiac tissue generation, (iii) electrical stimulation, (iv) automated real-time data acquisition, and (v) advanced video analyses. We validate these methodologies and demonstrate the versatility of the platform by showcasing the fabrication of tissues in different hydrogel materials and using cardiomyocytes derived from different iPSC lines in combination with different types of stromal cells. We also validate the long-term culture of tissues within the platform and provide protocols for automated analysis of force generation and calcium flux using both brightfield and fluorescence imaging. Lastly, we demonstrate the compatibility of the milliPillar platform with electromechanical stimulation to enhance cardiac tissue function. We expect that this resource will provide a valuable and user-friendly tool for the generation and real-time assessment of engineered human cardiac tissues for basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Tamargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Trevor Ray Nash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sharon Fleischer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Youngbin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Olaia Fernandez Vila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Keith Yeager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Max Summers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Roberta Lock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Miguel Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Troy Costa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, New York 10032, United States
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19
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Salem T, Frankman Z, Churko J. Tissue engineering techniques for iPSC derived three-dimensional cardiac constructs. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:891-911. [PMID: 34476988 PMCID: PMC9419978 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in applied developmental physiology have provided well-defined methodologies for producing human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes produced in this way have become commonplace as cardiac physiology research models. This accessibility has also allowed for the development of tissue engineered human heart constructs for drug screening, surgical intervention, and investigating cardiac pathogenesis. However, cardiac tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that involves complex engineering and physiological concepts, which limits its accessibility. This review provides a readable, broad reaching, and thorough discussion of major factors to consider for the development of cardiovascular tissues from stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. This review will examine important considerations in undertaking a cardiovascular tissue engineering project, and will present, interpret, and summarize some of the recent advancements in this field. This includes reviewing different forms of tissue engineered constructs, a discussion on cardiomyocyte sources, and an in-depth discussion of the fabrication and maturation procedures for tissue engineered heart constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Salem
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - Zachary Frankman
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, Arizona, United States;
| | - Jared Churko
- University of Arizona Medical Center - University Campus, 22165, 1501 N Campbell RD, SHC 6143, Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85724-5128;
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20
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Öztürk Ş, Shahbazi R, Zeybek ND, Kurum B, Gultekinoglu M, Aksoy EA, Demircin M, Ulubayram K. Assessment of electromechanically stimulated bone marrow stem cells seeded acellular cardiac patch in a rat myocardial infarct model. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34330118 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated cardiomyogenic differentiation of electromechanically stimulated rat bone marrow-derived stem cells (rt-BMSCs) on an acellular bovine pericardium (aBP) and we looked at the functioning of this engineered patch in a rat myocardial infarct (MI) model. aBP was prepared using a detergent-based decellularization procedure followed by rt-BMSCs seeding, and electrical, mechanical, or electromechanical stimulations (3 millisecond pulses of 5 V cm-1at 1 Hz, 5% stretching) to enhance cardiomyogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the electromechanically stimulated patch was applied to the MI region over 3 weeks. After this period, the retrieved patch and infarct region were evaluated for the presence of calcification, inflammatory reaction (CD68), patch to host tissue cell migration, and structural sarcomere protein expressions. In conjunction with any sign of calcification, a higher number of BrdU-labelled cells, and a low level of CD68 positive cells were observed in the infarct region under electromechanically stimulated conditions compared with static conditions. More importantly, MHC, SAC, Troponin T, and N-cad positive cells were observed in both infarct region, and retrieved engineered patch after 3 weeks. In a clear alignment with other results, our developed acellular patch promoted the expression of cardiomyogenic differentiation factors under electromechanical stimulation. Our engineered patch showed a successful integration with the host tissue followed by the cell migration to the infarct region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Öztürk
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reza Shahbazi
- Hematology/Oncology Division, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barıs Kurum
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Merve Gultekinoglu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Eda Ayse Aksoy
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Metin Demircin
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Altındağ, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Wang Z, Wang L, Li T, Liu S, Guo B, Huang W, Wu Y. 3D bioprinting in cardiac tissue engineering. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:7948-7969. [PMID: 34335973 PMCID: PMC8315053 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the main cause of death worldwide. Because death of the myocardium is irreversible, it remains a significant clinical challenge to rescue myocardial deficiency. Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) is a promising strategy for repairing heart defects and offers platforms for studying cardiac tissue. Numerous achievements have been made in CTE in the past decades based on various advanced engineering approaches. 3D bioprinting has attracted much attention due to its ability to integrate multiple cells within printed scaffolds with complex 3D structures, and many advancements in bioprinted CTE have been reported recently. Herein, we review the recent progress in 3D bioprinting for CTE. After a brief overview of CTE with conventional methods, the current 3D printing strategies are discussed. Bioink formulations based on various biomaterials are introduced, and strategies utilizing composite bioinks are further discussed. Moreover, several applications including heart patches, tissue-engineered cardiac muscle, and other bionic structures created via 3D bioprinting are summarized. Finally, we discuss several crucial challenges and present our perspective on 3D bioprinting techniques in the field of CTE.
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22
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Yang Q, Xiao Z, Lv X, Zhang T, Liu H. Fabrication and Biomedical Applications of Heart-on-a-chip. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:370. [PMID: 34286153 PMCID: PMC8287510 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i3.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases have become the main killer threatening human health, and various methods have been developed to study heart disease. Among them, heart-on-a-chip has emerged in recent years as a method for constructing disease (or normal) models in vitro and is considered as a promising tool to study heart diseases. Compared with other methods, the advantages of heart-on-a-chip include the high portability, high throughput, and the capability to mimic microenvironments in vivo. It has shown a great potential in disease mechanism study and drug screening. In this paper, we review the recent advances in heart-on-a-chip, including the fabrication methods (e.g., 3D bioprinting) and biomedical applications. By analyzing the structure of the existing heart-on-a-chip, we proposed that a highly integrated heart-on-a-chip includes four elements: Microfluidic chips, cells/microtissues, microactuators to construct the microenvironment, and microsensors for results readout. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of heart-on-a-chip are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Micro-/Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Research Institute of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, P.R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xuemeng Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of P.R. China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450016, P.R. China
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23
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Shen S, He X, Chen X, Dong L, Cheng K, Weng W. Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on P(VDF-TrFE) layer coated microelectrodes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:2227-2236. [PMID: 34080765 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation has been proved to be critical to regulate cell behavior. But, cell behavior is also susceptible to multiple parameters of the adverse interferences such as surface current, electrochemical reaction products, and non-uniform compositions, which often occur during direct electric stimulation. To effectively prevent the adverse interferences, a novel piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trfluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE)) layer was designed to coat onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) planar microelectrode. We found the electrical stimulation was able to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through calcium-mediated PKC signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the surface charge of the designed P(VDF-TrFE) coating layer could be easily controlled by the pre-polarization process, which was demonstrated to trigger integrin-mediated FAK signaling pathway, finally up-regulating the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Strikingly, the crosstalk in the downstream of the two signaling cascades further strengthened the ERK pathway activation for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. This P(VDF-TrFE) layer coated electrical stimulation microelectrodes therefore provide a distinct strategy to manipulate multiple-elements of biomaterial surface to regulate stem cell fate commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuzhao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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24
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López-Canosa A, Perez-Amodio S, Yanac-Huertas E, Ordoño J, Rodriguez-Trujillo R, Samitier J, Castaño O, Engel E. A microphysiological system combining electrospun fibers and electrical stimulation for the maturation of highly anisotropic cardiac tissue. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33962409 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abff12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The creation of cardiac tissue models for preclinical testing is still a non-solved problem in drug discovery, due to the limitations related to thein vitroreplication of cardiac tissue complexity. Among these limitations, the difficulty of mimicking the functional properties of the myocardium due to the immaturity of the used cells hampers the obtention of reliable results that could be translated into human patients.In vivomodels are the current gold standard to test new treatments, although it is widely acknowledged that the used animals are unable to fully recapitulate human physiology, which often leads to failures during clinical trials. In the present work, we present a microfluidic platform that aims to provide a range of signaling cues to immature cardiac cells to drive them towards an adult phenotype. The device combines topographical electrospun nanofibers with electrical stimulation in a microfabricated system. We validated our platform using a co-culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, showing that it allows us to control the degree of anisotropy of the cardiac tissue inside the microdevice in a cost-effective way. Moreover, a 3D computational model of the electrical field was created and validated to demonstrate that our platform is able to closely match the distribution obtained with the gold standard (planar electrode technology) using inexpensive rod-shaped biocompatible stainless-steel electrodes. The functionality of the electrical stimulation was shown to induce a higher expression of the tight junction protein Cx-43, as well as the upregulation of several key genes involved in conductive and structural cardiac properties. These results validate our platform as a powerful tool for the tissue engineering community due to its low cost, high imaging compatibility, versatility, and high-throughput configuration capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián López-Canosa
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Perez-Amodio
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IMEM-BRT Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Yanac-Huertas
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ordoño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanobioengineering group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,IMEM-BRT Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Gracioso Martins AM, Wilkins MD, Ligler FS, Daniele MA, Freytes DO. Microphysiological System for High-Throughput Computer Vision Measurement of Microtissue Contraction. ACS Sens 2021; 6:985-994. [PMID: 33656335 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to measure microtissue contraction in vitro can provide important information when modeling cardiac, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, dermal, and skeletal tissues. However, measuring tissue contraction in vitro often requires the use of high number of cells per tissue construct along with time-consuming microscopy and image analysis. Here, we present an inexpensive, versatile, high-throughput platform to measure microtissue contraction in a 96-well plate configuration using one-step batch imaging. More specifically, optical fiber microprobes are embedded in microtissues, and contraction is measured as a function of the deflection of optical signals emitted from the end of the fibers. Signals can be measured from all the filled wells on the plate simultaneously using a digital camera. An algorithm uses pixel-based image analysis and computer vision techniques for the accurate multiwell quantification of positional changes in the optical microprobes caused by the contraction of the microtissues. Microtissue constructs containing 20,000-100,000 human ventricular cardiac fibroblasts (NHCF-V) in 6 mg/mL collagen type I showed contractile displacements ranging from 20-200 μm. This highly sensitive and versatile platform can be used for the high-throughput screening of microtissues in disease modeling, drug screening for therapeutics, physiology research, and safety pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Gracioso Martins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael D. Wilkins
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Donald O. Freytes
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
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Morrissey J, Mesquita FCP, Hochman-Mendez C, Taylor DA. Whole Heart Engineering: Advances and Challenges. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:395-405. [PMID: 33640893 DOI: 10.1159/000511382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering a solid organ for organ replacement is a growing endeavor in regenerative medicine. Our approach - recellularization of a decellularized cadaveric organ scaffold with human cells - is currently the most promising approach to building a complex solid vascularized organ to be utilized in vivo, which remains the major unmet need and a key challenge. The 2008 publication of perfusion-based decellularization and partial recellularization of a rat heart revolutionized the tissue engineering field by showing that it was feasible to rebuild an organ using a decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold. Toward the goal of clinical translation of bioengineered tissues and organs, there is increasing recognition of the underlying need to better integrate basic science domains and industry. From the perspective of a research group focusing on whole heart engineering, we discuss the current approaches and advances in whole organ engineering research as they relate to this multidisciplinary field's 3 major pillars: organ scaffolds, large numbers of cells, and biomimetic bioreactor systems. The success of whole organ engineering will require optimization of protocols to produce biologically-active scaffolds for multiple organ systems, and further technological innovation both to produce the massive quantities of high-quality cells needed for recellularization and to engineer a bioreactor with physiologic stimuli to recapitulate organ function. Also discussed are the challenges to building an implantable vascularized solid organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelynn Morrissey
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fernanda C P Mesquita
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Camila Hochman-Mendez
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hendrickson T, Mancino C, Whitney L, Tsao C, Rahimi M, Taraballi F. Mimicking cardiac tissue complexity through physical cues: A review on cardiac tissue engineering approaches. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102367. [PMID: 33549819 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one killer in the world.1,2 Currently, there are no clinical treatments to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue, leaving patients to develop further life-threatening cardiac complications. Cardiac tissue has multiple functional demands including vascularization, contraction, and conduction that require many synergic components to properly work. Most of these functions are a direct result of the cardiac tissue structure and composition, and, for this reason, tissue engineering strongly proposed to develop substitute engineered heart tissues (EHTs). EHTs usually have combined pluripotent stem cells and supporting scaffolds with the final aim to repair or replace the damaged native tissue. However, as simple as this idea is, indeed, it resulted, after many attempts in the field, to be very challenging. Without design complexity, EHTs remain unable to mature fully and integrate into surrounding heart tissue resulting in minimal in vivo effects.3 Lately, there has been a growing body of evidence that a complex, multifunctional approach through implementing scaffold designs, cellularization, and molecular release appears to be essential in the development of a functional cardiac EHTs.4-6 This review covers the advancements in EHTs developments focusing on how to integrate contraction, conduction, and vascularization mimics and how combinations have resulted in improved designs thus warranting further investigation to develop a clinically applicable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Hendrickson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M MD/PhD Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Mancino
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, (MI), Italy
| | - Lauren Whitney
- Texas A&M Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chris Tsao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maham Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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House A, Atalla I, Lee EJ, Guvendiren M. Designing Biomaterial Platforms for Cardiac Tissue and Disease Modeling. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000022. [PMID: 33709087 PMCID: PMC7942203 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. There is a growing demand for in vitro cardiac models that can recapitulate the complex physiology of the cardiac tissue. These cardiac models can provide a platform to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiac development and disease and aid in developing novel treatment alternatives and platforms towards personalized medicine. In this review, a summary of engineered cardiac platforms is presented. Basic design considerations for replicating the heart's microenvironment are discussed considering the anatomy of the heart. This is followed by a detailed summary of the currently available biomaterial platforms for modeling the heart tissue in vitro. These in vitro models include 2D surface modified structures, 3D molded structures, porous scaffolds, electrospun scaffolds, bioprinted structures, and heart-on-a-chip devices. The challenges faced by current models and the future directions of in vitro cardiac models are also discussed. Engineered in vitro tissue models utilizing patients' own cells could potentially revolutionize the way we develop treatment and diagnostic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew House
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Iren Atalla
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Wang W, Hou Y, Martinez D, Kurniawan D, Chiang WH, Bartolo P. Carbon Nanomaterials for Electro-Active Structures: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2946. [PMID: 33317211 PMCID: PMC7764097 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electrically conductive materials to impart electrical properties to substrates for cell attachment proliferation and differentiation represents an important strategy in the field of tissue engineering. This paper discusses the concept of electro-active structures and their roles in tissue engineering, accelerating cell proliferation and differentiation, consequently leading to tissue regeneration. The most relevant carbon-based materials used to produce electro-active structures are presented, and their main advantages and limitations are discussed in detail. Particular emphasis is put on the electrically conductive property, material synthesis and their applications on tissue engineering. Different technologies, allowing the fabrication of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures in a controlled way, are also presented. Finally, challenges for future research are highlighted. This review shows that electrical stimulation plays an important role in modulating the growth of different types of cells. As highlighted, carbon nanomaterials, especially graphene and carbon nanotubes, have great potential for fabricating electro-active structures due to their exceptional electrical and surface properties, opening new routes for more efficient tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Yanhao Hou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Dean Martinez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
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Jeong YJ, Kim DS, Kim JY, Oyunbaatar NE, Shanmugasundaram A, Kim ES, Lee DW. On-stage bioreactor platform integrated with nano-patterned and gold-coated PDMS diaphragm for live cell stimulation and imaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111355. [PMID: 33254975 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, several in-vitro biosensing platforms have been developed for enhancing the maturation of the cultured cells. However, most of the proposed platforms met with limited success due to its inability for live-cell imaging, complicated fabrication, and not being advantageous from an economic perspective due to a higher price. To overcome the drawbacks of the current state-of-the-art, herein, we developed a next-generation stage-top incubator (STI) incorporated with nano grooves patterned PDMS diaphragm (NGPPD). The proposed device consists of a miniatured STI, the NGPPD functional well plates, and a mechanical stimulator. A thin layer of gold (Au) is deposited on the NGPPD to enhanced myogenic differentiation, cell maturation, and cell-cell interactions. The nano grooves are integrated on the PDMS surface to align the cardiomyocytes in the grooved direction during the culture period. The cardiomyocytes cultivated on the Au-deposited NGPPD are stimulated topographically and mechanically during the cultivation period. The enhanced cardiomyocytes maturation cultured on the Au-deposited NGPPD is experimentally demonstrated using immunofluorescence staining and PCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jin Jeong
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yun Kim
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Nomin-Erdene Oyunbaatar
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunkumar Shanmugasundaram
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Next-Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Next-Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Yadav V, Chong N, Ellis B, Ren X, Senapati S, Chang HC, Zorlutuna P. Constant-potential environment for activating and synchronizing cardiomyocyte colonies with on-chip ion-depleting perm-selective membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4273-4284. [PMID: 33090162 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ion depleted zone created by an ion-selective membrane was used to impose a high and uniform constant extracellular potential over an entire ∼1000 cell rat cardiomyocyte (rCM) colony on-a-chip to trigger synchronized voltage-gated ion channel activities while preserving cell viability, thus extending single-cell voltage-clamp ion channel studies to an entire normalized colony. Image analysis indicated that rCM beating was strengthened and accelerated (by a factor of ∼2) within minutes of ion depletion and the duration of contraction and relaxation phases was significantly reduced. After the initial synchronization, the entire colony responds collectively to external potential changes such that beating over the entire colony can be activated or deactivated within 0.1 s. These newly observed collective dynamic responses, due to simultaneous ion channel activation/deactivation by a uniform constant-potential extracellular environment, suggest that perm-selective membrane modules on cell culture chips can facilitate studies of extracellular cardiac cell electrical communication and how ion-channel related pathologies affect cardiac cell synchronization. The future applications of this new technology can lead to better drug screening platforms for cardiotoxicity as well as platforms that can facilitate synchronized maturation of pluripotent stem cells into colonies with high electrical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nicholas Chong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley Ellis
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Min S, Lee HJ, Jin Y, Kim YH, Sung J, Choi HJ, Cho SW. Biphasic Electrical Pulse by a Micropillar Electrode Array Enhances Maturation and Drug Response of Reprogrammed Cardiac Spheroids. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6947-6956. [PMID: 32877191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct reprogramming is an efficient strategy to produce cardiac lineage cells necessary for cardiac tissue engineering and drug testing for cardiac toxicity. However, functional maturation of reprogrammed cardiomyocytes, which is of great importance for their regenerative potential and drug response, still remains challenging. In this study, we propose a novel electrode platform to promote direct cardiac reprogramming and improve the functionality of reprogrammed cardiac cells. Nonviral cardiac reprogramming was improved via a three-dimensional spheroid culture of chemically induced cardiomyocytes exposed to a small-molecule cocktail. A micropillar electrode array providing biphasic electrical pulses mimicking the heartbeat further enhanced maturation and electrophysiological properties of reprogrammed cardiac spheroids, leading to proper responses and increased sensitivity to drugs. On the basis of our results, we conclude that our device may have a wider application in the generation of functional cardiac cells for regenerative medicine and screening of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Heun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Gelatin-based hydrogels combined with electrical stimulation to modulate neonatal rat cardiomyocyte beating and promote maturation. Biodes Manuf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhao S, Mehta AS, Zhao M. Biomedical applications of electrical stimulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2681-2699. [PMID: 31974658 PMCID: PMC7954539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on the biomedical applications of electrical stimulation (EStim). EStim has a wide range of direct effects on both biomolecules and cells. These effects have been exploited to facilitate proliferation and functional development of engineered tissue constructs for regenerative medicine applications. They have also been tested or used in clinics for pain mitigation, muscle rehabilitation, the treatment of motor/consciousness disorders, wound healing, and drug delivery. However, the research on fundamental mechanism of cellular response to EStim has fell behind its applications, which has hindered the full exploitation of the clinical potential of EStim. Moreover, despite the positive outcome from the in vitro and animal studies testing the efficacy of EStim, existing clinical trials failed to establish strong, conclusive supports for the therapeutic efficacy of EStim for most of the clinical applications mentioned above. Two potential directions of future research to improve the clinical utility of EStim are presented, including the optimization and standardization of the stimulation protocol and the development of more tissue-matching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhao
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center 985965, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Suite 1630, Room 1617, 2921 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Oyunbaatar NE, Shanmugasundaram A, Jeong YJ, Lee BK, Kim ES, Lee DW. Micro-patterned SU-8 cantilever integrated with metal electrode for enhanced electromechanical stimulation of cardiac cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 186:110682. [PMID: 31846891 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, cardiac tissue engineering has undergone tremendous progress. Various in vitro methods have been developed to improve the accuracy in the result of drug-induced cardiac toxicity screening. Herein, we propose a novel SU-8 cantilever integrated with an electromechanical-stimulator to enhance the maturation of cultured cardiac cells. The simultaneous electromechanical stimulation significantly enhances the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes, thereby increasing cantilever displacement. Fluorescence microscopy analysis was performed to confirm the improved maturation of the cardiomyocytes. After the initial experiments, the contractile behaviors of the cultured cardiomyocytes were investigated by measuring the mechanical deformation of the SU-8 cantilever. Finally, the proposed electromechanical-stimulator-integrated SU-8 cantilever was used to evaluate the adverse effects of different cardiac vascular drugs, i.e., verapamil, lidocaine, and isoproterenol, on the cultured cardiomyocytes. The physiology of the cardiac-drug-treated cardiomyocytes was examined with and without electrical stimulation of the cardiomyocytes. The experimental results indicate that the proposed cantilever platform can be used as a predictive assay system for preliminary cardiac drug toxicity screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomin-Erdene Oyunbaatar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yun-Jin Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju-61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Next-generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Combined Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Protein Coatings on Myotube Formation in a Soft Porous Scaffold. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:734-746. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mombini S, Mohammadnejad J, Bakhshandeh B, Narmani A, Nourmohammadi J, Vahdat S, Zirak S. Chitosan-PVA-CNT nanofibers as electrically conductive scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:278-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sayegh MN, Fernandez N, Cho HC. Strength-duration relationship as a tool to prioritize cardiac tissue properties that govern electrical excitability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H13-H25. [PMID: 30925072 PMCID: PMC7199233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00161.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissue and cardiomyocyte cell cultures offer wide opportunities for improved therapeutic intervention and laboratory heart models. Electrical field excitation is a common intervention in the production of engineered tissue and the investigation of the electrical properties of in vitro cell cultures. In this work, we use strength-duration relationships to investigate systematically factors influencing electrical excitability of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cultures. We find that the strength of the voltage pulse is negatively correlated with the threshold duration, as predicted by the Lapicque-Hill equation, and show that higher pacing frequencies require higher thresholds to capture paced cultures. We also study the impact of properties intrinsic to the 2D and 3D cultures on strength-duration relationships. We show that a smaller culture dimension, perpendicular anisotropic culture orientation with respect to electrical field, higher proportion of added fibroblasts, and TBX18-induced pacemaker reprogramming independently result in higher stimulation thresholds. These properties reflect the characteristics of the well-insulated endogenous pacemaking tissue in the heart (sinoatrial node) and should guide the engineering of biological pacemakers for improved outcomes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gaps exist in the availability of in vitro functional assessment tools that can emulate the integration of regenerative cells and tissues to the host myocardium. We use strength-duration relationships of electrically stimulated two- and three-dimensional myocardial constructs to study the effects of pacing frequency, culture dimensions, anisotropic cell alignment, fibroblast content, and pacemaker phenotype on electrical excitability. Our study delivers electrical strength-duration as a quantifiable parameter to evaluate design parameters of engineered cardiac tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Sayegh
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,2Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia,2Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hosoyama K, Ahumada M, Goel K, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ, Alarcon EI. Electroconductive materials as biomimetic platforms for tissue regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:444-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dwenger M, Kowalski WJ, Ye F, Yuan F, Tinney JP, Setozaki S, Nakane T, Masumoto H, Campbell P, Guido W, Keller BB. Chronic optical pacing conditioning of h-iPSC engineered cardiac tissues. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419841748. [PMID: 31024681 PMCID: PMC6472158 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419841748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immaturity of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived engineered cardiac
tissues limits their ability to regenerate damaged myocardium and to serve as
robust in vitro models for human disease and drug toxicity
studies. Several chronic biomimetic conditioning protocols, including mechanical
stretch, perfusion, and/or electrical stimulation promote engineered cardiac
tissue maturation but have significant technical limitations. Non-contacting
chronic optical stimulation using heterologously expressed channelrhodopsin
light-gated ion channels, termed optogenetics, may be an advantageous
alternative to chronic invasive electrical stimulation for engineered cardiac
tissue conditioning. We designed proof-of-principle experiments to successfully
transfect human induced pluripotent stem cell derived engineered cardiac tissues
with a desensitization resistant, chimeric channelrhodopsin protein, and then
optically paced engineered cardiac tissues to accelerate maturation. We
transfected human induced pluripotent stem cell engineered cardiac tissues using
an adeno-associated virus packaged chimeric channelrhodopsin and then verified
optically paced by whole cell patch clamp. Engineered cardiac tissues were then
chronically optically paced above their intrinsic beat rates in
vitro from day 7 to 14. Chronically optically paced resulted in
improved engineered cardiac tissue electrophysiological properties and subtle
changes in the expression of some cardiac relevant genes, though active force
generation and histology were unchanged. These results validate the feasibility
of a novel chronically optically paced paradigm to explore non-invasive and
scalable optically paced–induced engineered cardiac tissue maturation
strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dwenger
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - William J Kowalski
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neurovascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fangping Yuan
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joseph P Tinney
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuji Setozaki
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okamura Memorial Hospital, Shimizu, Japan
| | - Takeichiro Nakane
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Wako, Japan
| | - Peter Campbell
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - William Guido
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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41
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Khodabukus A, Madden L, Prabhu NK, Koves TR, Jackman CP, Muoio DM, Bursac N. Electrical stimulation increases hypertrophy and metabolic flux in tissue-engineered human skeletal muscle. Biomaterials 2019; 198:259-269. [PMID: 30180985 PMCID: PMC6395553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of contractile human skeletal muscle hold promise for use in disease modeling and drug development, but exhibit immature properties compared to native adult muscle. To address this limitation, 3D tissue-engineered human muscles (myobundles) were electrically stimulated using intermittent stimulation regimes at 1 Hz and 10 Hz. Dystrophin in myotubes exhibited mature membrane localization suggesting a relatively advanced starting developmental maturation. One-week stimulation significantly increased myobundle size, sarcomeric protein abundance, calcium transient amplitude (∼2-fold), and tetanic force (∼3-fold) resulting in the highest specific force generation (19.3mN/mm2) reported for engineered human muscles to date. Compared to 1 Hz electrical stimulation, the 10 Hz stimulation protocol resulted in greater myotube hypertrophy and upregulated mTORC1 and ERK1/2 activity. Electrically stimulated myobundles also showed a decrease in fatigue resistance compared to control myobundles without changes in glycolytic or mitochondrial protein levels. Greater glucose consumption and decreased abundance of acetylcarnitine in stimulated myobundles indicated increased glycolytic and fatty acid metabolic flux. Moreover, electrical stimulation of myobundles resulted in a metabolic shift towards longer-chain fatty acid oxidation as evident from increased abundances of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines. Taken together, our study provides an advanced in vitro model of human skeletal muscle with improved structure, function, maturation, and metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauran Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Neel K Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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42
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Portillo-Lara R, Spencer AR, Walker BW, Shirzaei Sani E, Annabi N. Biomimetic cardiovascular platforms for in vitro disease modeling and therapeutic validation. Biomaterials 2019; 198:78-94. [PMID: 30201502 PMCID: PMC11044891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineered tissues have become increasingly more sophisticated owing to recent advancements in the fields of biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, genetic engineering, and stem cell and developmental biology. In the coming years, the ability to engineer artificial constructs that accurately mimic the compositional, architectural, and functional properties of human tissues, will profoundly impact the therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of the healthcare industry. In this regard, bioengineered cardiac tissues are of particular importance due to the extremely limited ability of the myocardium to self-regenerate, as well as the remarkably high mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases worldwide. As novel microphysiological systems make the transition from bench to bedside, their implementation in high throughput drug screening, personalized diagnostics, disease modeling, and targeted therapy validation will bring forth a paradigm shift in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we will review the current state of the art in experimental in vitro platforms for next generation diagnostics and therapy validation. We will describe recent advancements in the development of smart biomaterials, biofabrication techniques, and stem cell engineering, aimed at recapitulating cardiovascular function at the tissue- and organ levels. In addition, integrative and multidisciplinary approaches to engineer biomimetic cardiovascular constructs with unprecedented human and clinical relevance will be discussed. We will comment on the implementation of these platforms in high throughput drug screening, in vitro disease modeling and therapy validation. Lastly, future perspectives will be provided on how these biomimetic platforms will aid in the transition towards patient centered diagnostics, and the development of personalized targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Portillo-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Andrew R Spencer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Brian W Walker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ehsan Shirzaei Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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43
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Paez-Mayorga J, Hernández-Vargas G, Ruiz-Esparza GU, Iqbal HMN, Wang X, Zhang YS, Parra-Saldivar R, Khademhosseini A. Bioreactors for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1701504. [PMID: 29737043 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The advances in biotechnology, biomechanics, and biomaterials can be used to develop organ models that aim to accurately emulate their natural counterparts. Heart disease, one of the leading causes of death in modern society, has attracted particular attention in the field of tissue engineering. To avoid incorrect prognosis of patients suffering from heart disease, or from adverse consequences of classical therapeutic approaches, as well as to address the shortage of heart donors, new solutions are urgently needed. Biotechnological advances in cardiac tissue engineering from a bioreactor perspective, in which recapitulation of functional, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of the cardiac tissue can be used to recreate its natural microenvironment, are reviewed. Detailed examples of functional and preclinical applications of engineered cardiac constructs and the state-of-the-art systems from a bioreactor perspective are provided. Finally, the current trends and future directions of the field for its translation to clinical settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Paez-Mayorga
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Hernández-Vargas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Guillermo U Ruiz-Esparza
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Xichi Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
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44
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Callaghan NI, Hadipour-Lakmehsari S, Lee SH, Gramolini AO, Simmons CA. Modeling cardiac complexity: Advancements in myocardial models and analytical techniques for physiological investigation and therapeutic development in vitro. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:011501. [PMID: 31069331 PMCID: PMC6481739 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and arrhythmias or conduction blockages impact millions of patients worldwide and are associated with marked increases in sudden cardiac death, decline in the quality of life, and the induction of secondary pathologies. These pathologies stem from dysfunction in the contractile or conductive properties of the cardiomyocyte, which as a result is a focus of fundamental investigation, drug discovery and therapeutic development, and tissue engineering. All of these foci require in vitro myocardial models and experimental techniques to probe the physiological functions of the cardiomyocyte. In this review, we provide a detailed exploration of different cell models, disease modeling strategies, and tissue constructs used from basic to translational research. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in imaging, electrophysiology, metabolic measurements, and mechanical and contractile characterization modalities that are advancing our understanding of cardiomyocyte physiology. With this review, we aim to both provide a biological framework for engineers contributing to the field and demonstrate the technical basis and limitations underlying physiological measurement modalities for biologists attempting to take advantage of these state-of-the-art techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig A. Simmons
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Present address: Ted Rogers Centre for Heart
Research, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada. Tel.:
416-946-0548. Fax: 416-978-7753
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45
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Koti P, Muselimyan N, Mirdamadi E, Asfour H, Sarvazyan NA. Use of GelMA for 3D printing of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:11-22. [PMID: 31555480 DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim To 3D print heart tissue, one must understand how the main two types of cardiac cells are affected by the printing process. Materials & methods Effects of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) concentration, extruder pressure and duration of UV exposure on survival of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts were examined using lactate dehydrogenase and LIVE/DEAD assays, bioluminescence imaging and morphological assessment. Results & conclusion Cell survival within 3D printed cardiomyocyte-laden GelMA constructs was more sensitive to extruder pressure and GelMA concentrations than within 3D fibroblast-laden GelMA constructs. Cells within both types of constructs were adversely impacted by the UV curing step. Use of mixed cell populations and enrichment of bioink formulation with fibronectin led to an improvement of cardiomyocyte survival and spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Koti
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 I-street, Ross Hall 454, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Narine Muselimyan
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 I-street, Ross Hall 454, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Eman Mirdamadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 I-street, Ross Hall 454, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Huda Asfour
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 I-street, Ross Hall 454, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Narine A Sarvazyan
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 I-street, Ross Hall 454, Washington DC 20037, USA
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46
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Hosoyama K, Ahumada M, McTiernan CD, Davis DR, Variola F, Ruel M, Liang W, Suuronen EJ, Alarcon EI. Nanoengineered Electroconductive Collagen-Based Cardiac Patch for Infarcted Myocardium Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44668-44677. [PMID: 30508481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared and tested in vivo a novel nanoengineered hybrid electroconductive cardiac patch for treating the infarcted myocardium. Of the prepared and tested patches, only those containing spherical nanogold were able to increase connexin-43 expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cultured under electrical stimulation. In vivo data indicated that only nano-gold-containing patches were able to recover cardiac function. Histological analysis also revealed that connexin-43 levels and blood vessel density were increased, while the scar size was reduced for animals that received the nanogold patch. Thus, our study indicates that the incorporation of electroconductive properties into a collagen-based cardiac patch can improve its therapeutic potential for treating myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Hosoyama
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
| | - Manuel Ahumada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
- Bionanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory & Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Christopher D McTiernan
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
- Bionanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory & Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Cardiac Electrophysiology Lab , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1Y 4W7 , Canada
- Bionanomaterials Chemistry and Engineering Laboratory & Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1H 8M5 , Canada
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Liu L, Zhang C, Wang W, Xi N, Wang Y. Regulation of C2C12 Differentiation and Control of the Beating Dynamics of Contractile Cells for a Muscle-Driven Biosyncretic Crawler by Electrical Stimulation. Soft Robot 2018; 5:748-760. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2018.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Emerging Technologies Institute, University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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48
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Visone R, Talò G, Lopa S, Rasponi M, Moretti M. Enhancing all-in-one bioreactors by combining interstitial perfusion, electrical stimulation, on-line monitoring and testing within a single chamber for cardiac constructs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16944. [PMID: 30446711 PMCID: PMC6240103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies have been extensively exploited to generate functional cardiac patches. To maintain cardiac functionality in vitro, bioreactors have been designed to provide perfusion and electrical stimulation, alone or combined. However, due to several design limitations the integration of optical systems to assess cardiac maturation level is still missing within these platforms. Here we present a bioreactor culture chamber that provides 3D cardiac constructs with a bidirectional interstitial perfusion and biomimetic electrical stimulation, allowing direct cellular optical monitoring and contractility test. The chamber design was optimized through finite element models to house an innovative scaffold anchoring system to hold and to release it for the evaluation of tissue maturation and functionality by contractility tests. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts subjected to a combined perfusion and electrical stimulation showed positive cell viability over time. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were successfully monitored for the entire culture period to assess their functionality. The combination of perfusion and electrical stimulation enhanced patch maturation, as evidenced by the higher contractility, the enhanced beating properties and the increased level of cardiac protein expression. This new multifunctional bioreactor provides a relevant biomimetic environment allowing for independently culturing, real-time monitoring and testing up to 18 separated patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy. .,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland. .,Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.
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49
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Arteshi Y, Aghanejad A, Davaran S, Omidi Y. Biocompatible and electroconductive polyaniline-based biomaterials for electrical stimulation. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Visone R, Talò G, Occhetta P, Cruz-Moreira D, Lopa S, Pappalardo OA, Redaelli A, Moretti M, Rasponi M. A microscale biomimetic platform for generation and electro-mechanical stimulation of 3D cardiac microtissues. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:046102. [PMID: 31069324 PMCID: PMC6481729 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chip technology has recently emerged as a promising tool to generate advanced cardiac tissue in vitro models, by recapitulating key physiological cues of the native myocardium. Biochemical, mechanical, and electrical stimuli have been investigated and demonstrated to enhance the maturation of cardiac constructs. However, the combined application of such stimulations on 3D organized constructs within a microfluidic platform was not yet achieved. For this purpose, we developed an innovative microbioreactor designed to provide a uniform electric field and cyclic uniaxial strains to 3D cardiac microtissues, recapitulating the complex electro-mechanical environment of the heart. The platform encompasses a compartment to confine and culture cell-laden hydrogels, a pressure-actuated chamber to apply a cyclic uniaxial stretch to microtissues, and stainless-steel electrodes to accurately regulate the electric field. The platform was exploited to investigate the effect of two different electrical stimulation patterns on cardiac microtissues from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes: a controlled electric field [5 V/cm, or low voltage (LV)] and a controlled current density [74.4 mA/cm2, or high voltage (HV)]. Our results demonstrated that LV stimulation enhanced the beating properties of the microtissues. By fully exploiting the platform, we combined the LV electrical stimulation with a physiologic mechanical stretch (10% strain) to recapitulate the key cues of the native cardiac microenvironment. The proposed microbioreactor represents an innovative tool to culture improved miniaturized cardiac tissue models for basic research studies on heart physiopathology and for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Visone
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Omar Antonio Pappalardo
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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