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Barui AK, Bollu VS, Londhe S, Deshpande SS, Das S, Nethi SK, Alabbasi MMA, Kuncha M, Kumar JM, Sistla R, Misra S, Patra CR. Toxicological evaluation of therapeutically active zinc oxide nanoflowers in pre-clinical mouse model. NANOIMPACT 2023; 31:100479. [PMID: 37572937 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier reports established that zinc oxide nanoflowers (ZONF) show significant pro-angiogenic properties, where reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and MAPK-AKT-eNOS cell signaling axis play an essential task. Considering the significance of angiogenesis in healthcare, our research group has recently demonstrated the in vivo therapeutic application of ZONF (10 mg/kg b.w.) for treating peripheral artery disease. Moreover, based on the angio-neural crosstalk between vascular and neuronal systems, we have further demonstrated the neuritogenic and neuroprotective characteristics of pro-angiogenic nanoflowers (10 mg/kg b.w.) for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. However, it is crucial for a therapeutic material to be non-toxic for its practical clinical applications and therefore assessment of its in vivo toxicity and adverse effect is highly important. Herein, for the first time, we investigate a detailed nanotoxicology of therapeutically active ZONF in Swiss albino mice to evaluate their safety profile and comprehend their aspects for future clinical applications. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ZONF was found to be 512.5 mg/kg b.w. which was employed for acute exposure (2 weeks), showing slight toxicity. However, sub-chronic (4 weeks) and long term chronic (8-12 weeks) studies of nanoflowers exhibited their non-toxic nature particularly at lower therapeutic doses (1-10 mg/kg b.w.). Additionally, in depth genotoxicity study revealed that lower therapeutic dose of ZONF (10 mg/kg b.w.) did not exhibit significant toxicity even in genetic level. Overall, the present nanotoxicology of ZONF suggests their high biocompatible nature at therapeutic dose, offering the basis of their future clinical applications in ischemic and other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Kumar Barui
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vishnu Sravan Bollu
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Swapnali Londhe
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Shruti S Deshpande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | | | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India.
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Khordad E, Alipour F, Pourabbas M, Mansouri S, Salimnejad R. Hepatoprotective Impact of Ghrelin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity in the Male Mice. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:407-412. [PMID: 34282601 DOI: 10.1055/a-1508-5368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its vast spectrum of clinical usage, cyclophosphamide (CP) exerts many adverse impacts, including hepatotoxicity. Antioxidant properties of ghrelin might protect the liver from CP-induced toxicity. The current study aimed to assess the protective impacts of ghrelin on CP-induced liver toxicity. METHODS Forty male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) Group 1 as control received no intervention,group 2 received cyclophosphamide (CP) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for five weeks and once a week. Group 3 received CP+ghrelin (CP+G), (80 µg/kg daily, i.p.) for five weeks. Group 4 received ghrelin with above-mentioned dose. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to remove liver tissuesfor histological and biochemical examination. RESULTS Malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased after CP treatment but ghrelin administration significantly decreased the level of MDA (P<0.05). Measurement of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) noted a significant decrease in the CP group against the control group (P<0.05). Ghrelin treatment in the CP+G group considerably increased the TAC activity when compared to the CP group (P<0.05). Histological examinations also confirmed the hepatocyte necrosis, local bleeding and inflammation, vacuolation, and sinusoidal dilation in the CP group, ghrelin administration reduced the destructive effects of CP on the liver significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results reveal the hepatoprotective effect of ghrelin against CP. Therefore, ghrelin might be useful in protecting the body against the adverse impacts of injuries induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Khordad
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Pourabbas
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Somaieh Mansouri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ramin Salimnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Gürgen SG, Sayın O, Çeti̇n F, Sarsmaz HY, Yazıcı GN, Umur N, Yücel AT. The Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on Neuronal Signaling Molecules in the Hippocampus and the Neuroprotective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3028-3037. [PMID: 34328736 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavoring substance added to many ready-to-eat foods and has known neurotoxic effects. This study was performed in order to examine the potential toxic effect of MSG on neurons in various regions of the hippocampus in prepubertal rats. It also investigated the protective effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and neuropeptide-Y (NPY) expression in the brain, using immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Six female prepubertal Wistar albino rats were used in each group. Group 1, the control group, received 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc) on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Group 2 received 4 mg/g MSG sc on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Group 3 received MSG + EPA (4 mg/g sc on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Oral 300 mg/kg for 9 d), while Group 4 received MSG + DHA (4 mg/g sc on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 and 300 mg/kg orally for 9 d, respectively). At the end of the ninth day the hippocampal regions of the brain were removed and either fixed for immunohistochemical staining or stored at -80 °C for biochemical parameter investigation. BDNF, NMDA-R, and NPY expression results were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. According to our findings, neurons in the control group hippocampal CA1 and DG regions exhibited strong BDNF, NPY, and NMDA-R reactions, while an expression in both regions decreased in the MSG group (p < 0.00). However, in the MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA groups, BDNF, NPY, and NMDA-R immunoreactions in neurons in the same region were similar to those of the control group (p = 0.00). No significant difference was observed in terms of expression in hippocampal neurons between the MSG-EPA and MSG-DHA groups (p > 0.00). In conclusion, since MSG caused a decrease in BDNF, NMDA-R, and NPY neural signaling molecules in the CA1 and DG regions of the hippocampus of prepubertal rats compared to the control group, care is required over the consumption of MSG, since it may affect memory-related neurons in these age groups. In addition, we concluded that the use of omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA in addition to MSG may protect against the neurotoxic effects of MSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Gülşen Gürgen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Oya Sayın
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Vocational Health Service, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Ferihan Çeti̇n
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul 34700, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Yeşil Sarsmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Health Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Gülce Naz Yazıcı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Umur
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tuç Yücel
- Department of Anatomy, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
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Diab KA, Ibrahim NE, Fahmy MA, Hassan EM, Omara EA. Inhibitory activity of flaxseed oil against CdCl 2 induced liver and kidney damage: Histopathology, genotoxicity, and gene expression study. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1127-1137. [PMID: 32963966 PMCID: PMC7490469 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work evaluated the effect of flaxseed oil (FO) against toxicity induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the mouse liver and kidney. Male Swiss albino mice were treated with CdCl2 (4.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) with or without FO at three concentrations (4, 8, 12 mL/kg, orally) for two consecutive weeks. To analyze the effects of FO, we used the following techniques: (1) histopathological examination; (2) comet assay; (3) RT-PCR gene expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and tumor suppressor protein (p53); and (4) immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-9 protein expression. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that FO had a high content of unsaturated fatty acids including, oleic acid, linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. Oral supplementation with FO (12 mL/kg) resulted in a normal histological appearance without alteration in the DNA integrity and gene expression of TNF-α, p53, and caspase-9 in liver and kidney tissues. As expected, CdCl2 remarkably induced loss of histological integrity, increased DNA comet formation, increased TNF-α and p53 mRNA expression levels and increased the immunoreactivity of caspase-9 expression. When FO was given before administration of CdCl2, these histopathological defects were reversed; necrosis, degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, Kupffer cells, and pyknotic cells were all reduced. These histological improvements induced by FO were accompanied by reduced DNA breakage, downregulated mRNA expression of TNF-α and p53, and downregulated immunohistochemical expression of caspase-9 protein. In conclusion, FO and its constituents may act as signaling molecules and modify the expression of genes involved in proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α), cell cycle arrest (p53), and apoptosis (caspase-9), thereby improving biological activities and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar A. Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha E. Ibrahim
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Maha A. Fahmy
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Enayat A. Omara
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, P.O. 12622, Egypt
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Vranković J, Janković-Tomanić M, Vukov T. Comparative assessment of biomarker response to tissue metal concentrations in urban populations of the land snail Helix pomatia (Pulmonata: Helicidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 245:110448. [PMID: 32376364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The traffic pressure is increasing, resulting in the emission of atmospheric pollution. Soil organisms will need to respond to pollution stressors. Among them, land snails are valuable indicators of ecosystem disturbance. In this study, land snails Helix pomatia were sampled from three city localities with different traffic intensity. Oxidative stress biomarkers catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the foot muscle (FM) and hepatopancreas (HP) tissue were determined. Also, five heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were quantified in soil and tissue samples. According to the results, the highway induces the strongest contamination on the surrounding environment, with the highest metal concentrations measured in soil and snails. At the most polluted locality, only Cd exceeded some soil guidelines authorities that we referred to in this study. In addition, tissue Cd concentrations exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) value (1 mg kg-1) for soil invertebrate toxicity at all localities making it likely responsible for generating adverse effects in snails. Regarding HP, the CAT and GST are the most sensitive parameters that could be useful as oxidative stress biomarkers in snails exposed to the actual metals in the environment. On the other hand, in FM tissue, the most pronounced changes were recorded for GPX and GR. Based on tissue-specific enzyme responses, three urban populations were clearly separated. Therefore land snails are the promising candidates for quick field-based biomarker studies after showing a tissue-specific concentration-dependent induction of certain enzymes to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vranković
- Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Janković-Tomanić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Vukov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Lee SI, Kang KS. Omega-3 fatty acids modulate cyclophosphamide induced markers of immunosuppression and oxidative stress in pigs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2684. [PMID: 30804435 PMCID: PMC6389924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression directly correlates with economic benefits in livestock. Although omega-3, known as an energy source, is used as a pharmaceutical molecule, it remains unknown whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 can alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in pigs. Omega-3 treatment increased the number of white blood cell, lymphocytes, and monocytes and decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production under CTX challenge. In addition, we confirmed that omega-3 decreased the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, TNF-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Additionally, omega-3 alleviated the activities of liver injury markers (alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) and modulated oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) in the blood serum after the CTX challenge. Based on these results, we suggest that omega-3 treatment modulates CTX-induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in pigs. These results may have important implications in the development of new therapeutic approaches to improve immunosuppression, hepatic injury and dysfunction, and oxidative stress in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kang
- Bio Division, Medikinetics, Inc., Hansan-gil, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17792, Republic of Korea.
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Dedeke GA, Iwuchukwu PO, Aladesida AA, Afolabi TA, Ayanda IO. Impact of heavy metal bioaccumulation on antioxidant activities and DNA profile in two earthworm species and freshwater prawn from Ogun River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:576-585. [PMID: 29272826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of freshwater invertebrates as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution is an important tool for environmental biomonitoring. This study investigated antioxidant activities and DNA profile in two limicolous earthworms (Alma millsoni and Libyodrilus violaceus) and freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) at selected points of Ogun River, Abeokuta. Heavy metal concentrations and DNA profile in the earthworms and prawn tissues were measured using standard procedures. Zn concentration was higher than other heavy metals in A. millsoni (685.83±114.42mg/kg), L. violaceus (1913.3±1098.7mg/kg) and M. vollenhovenii (134.7±13.61mg/kg). Superoxide dismutase activity ranged from 62.44±7.16-79.82±11.18U/g tissues, 60.26±11.18-71.07±7.54U/g tissues and 74.07±16.69-87.79±8.50U/g tissues in A. millsoni, L. violaceus and M. vollenhovenii respectively. RAPD-PCR revealed varying DNA profile among the earthworms samples; the UPGMA dendrogram formed two distinct clusters at genetic similarity coefficient of 0.15-0.2 with one cluster consisting of Alma millsoni and Libyodrilus violaceus from Sokori, Enugada and Iberekodo sampling points and the second cluster forming two distinct sub-clusters comprising Arakanga and Ago-ika's L. violaceus in one and A. millsoni in the other. High genetic variability was recorded among the earthworm species while the freshwater prawn showed no variability. Antioxidant activities and genetic variability in earthworms could serve as biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Dedeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.
| | - P O Iwuchukwu
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - A A Aladesida
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - T A Afolabi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - I O Ayanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.
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Choi JE, Park Y. EPA and DHA, but not ALA, have antidepressant effects with 17β-estradiol injection via regulation of a neurobiological system in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Fish oil-enriched nutrition combined with systemic chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer patients with cancer cachexia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4826. [PMID: 28684736 PMCID: PMC5500468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer, a crucial factor related to poor prognosis is reduced tolerance to chemotherapy induced by cancer cachexia. Fish oil (FO)-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) modulates inflammation in patients with various malignancies; however, the impact of FO-enriched nutrition as a combined modality therapy on clinical outcomes remains controversial. We systemically analysed chronological changes in biochemical and physiological status using bioelectrical impedance analysis in 128 gastrointestinal cancer patients provided with or without FO-enriched nutrition during chemotherapy. Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical significance of FO-enriched nutrition and clarified appropriate patient groups that receive prognostic benefits from FO-enriched nutrition during treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. The control group showed significant up-regulation of serum CRP) levels and no significant difference in both skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass. In contrast, the FO-enriched nutrition group showed no changes in serum CRP concentration and significantly increased skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass over time. Furthermore, high CRP levels significantly correlated with reduced tolerance to chemotherapy, and FO-enriched nutrition improved chemotherapy tolerance and prognosis, particularly in gastrointestinal cancer patients with a modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) of 1 or 2. We conclude that FO-enriched nutrition may improve the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia and systemic inflammation (i.e., those with a mGPS of 1 or 2).
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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Protects Against Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 17:109-119. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Omega-3 fatty acids are able to modulate the painful symptoms associated to cyclophosphamide-induced-hemorrhagic cystitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 27:219-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bollu VS, Nethi SK, Dasari RK, Rao SSN, Misra S, Patra CR. Evaluation ofin vivocytogenetic toxicity of europium hydroxide nanorods (EHNs) in male and female Swiss albino mice. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:413-25. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1073398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dutt V, Gupta S, Dabur R, Injeti E, Mittal A. Skeletal muscle atrophy: Potential therapeutic agents and their mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:86-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Palaniswamy KS, Vishwanadha VP, Ramalingam Singaravelu S. Fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction induced by TCDD in Wistar rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:409-19. [PMID: 24114387 PMCID: PMC3982028 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are systemically exposed to persistent organic pollutants, of which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has become a major environmental concern. Exposure to TCDD results in a wide variety of adverse health effects which is mediated by oxidative stress through CYP1A1 activation and arachidonic acid metabolites. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exhibits antioxidant property and competes with arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids and produces anti-inflammatory EPA derivatives. Since both EPA and its derivatives have been reported to enhance the antioxidant mechanism, the present study aimed at studying whether EPA could offer protection against TCDD-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Estimation of kidney markers (serum urea and creatinine) and histopathological studies revealed that EPA treatment significantly reduced TCDD-induced renal damage. TCDD-induced oxidative damage was reflected in a significant increase in CYP1A1 activity and lipid peroxide levels with a concomitant decline in non-enzymic antioxidant (GSH) and various enzymic antioxidants such catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, TCDD-induced oxidative stress also resulted in decline in Na(+)-K(+) and Mg(2+)ATPases activities with increase in Ca(2+) ATPases activity. Oral treatment with EPA showed a significant cytoprotection against TCDD-induced renal oxidative stress by decreased CYP1A1 activity and enhanced antioxidant status. TCDD-induced alterations in ATPase enzyme activities were also prevented by EPA treatment. Our results show clear evidence that EPA ameliorates TCDD-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage; thus suggest the potential of EPA as an effective therapeutic agent against toxic effects mediated through redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalai Selvi Palaniswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijaya Padma Vishwanadha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Ramalingam Singaravelu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046 Tamil Nadu, India
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Vaughan VC, Martin P, Lewandowski PA. Cancer cachexia: impact, mechanisms and emerging treatments. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2013; 4:95-109. [PMID: 23097000 PMCID: PMC3684701 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-012-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of cancer present with a complex metabolic profile characterised by loss of lean body mass known as cancer cachexia. The physical impact of cachexia contributes to decreased patient quality of life, treatment success and survival due to gross alterations in protein metabolism, increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The psychological impact also contributes to decreased quality of life for both patients and their families. Combination therapies that target multiple pathways, such as eicosapentaenoic acid administered in combination with exercise, appetite stimulants, antioxidants or anti-inflammatories, have potential in the treatment of this complex syndrome and require further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Vaughan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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Vaughan VC, Sullivan-Gunn M, Hinch E, Martin P, Lewandowski PA. Eicosapentaenoic acid and oxypurinol in the treatment of muscle wasting in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45900. [PMID: 23029301 PMCID: PMC3447801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a wasting condition, driven by systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in combination with oxypurinol as a treatment in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. Mice with cancer cachexia were randomized into 4 treatment groups (EPA (0.4 g/kg/day), oxypurinol (1 mmol/L ad-lib), combination, or control), and euthanized after 29 days. Analysis of oxidative damage to DNA, mRNA analysis of pro-oxidant, antioxidant and proteolytic pathway components, along with enzyme activity of pro- and antioxidants were completed on gastrocnemius muscle. The control group displayed earlier onset of tumor compared to EPA and oxypurinol groups (P<0.001). The EPA group maintained body weight for an extended duration (20 days) compared to the oxypurinol (5 days) and combination (8 days) groups (P<0.05). EPA (18.2±3.2 pg/ml) and combination (18.4±3.7 pg/ml) groups had significantly higher 8-OH-dG levels than the control group (12.9±1.4 pg/ml, P≤0.05) indicating increased oxidative damage to DNA. mRNA levels of GPx1, MURF1 and MAFbx were higher following EPA treatment compared to control (P≤0.05). Whereas oxypurinol was associated with higher GPx1, MnSOD, CAT, XDH, MURF1, MAFbx and UbB mRNA compared to control (P≤0.05). Activity of total SOD was higher in the oxypurinol group (32.2±1.5 U/ml) compared to control (27.0±1.3 U/ml, P<0.01), GPx activity was lower in the EPA group (8.76±2.0 U/ml) compared to control (14.0±1.9 U/ml, P<0.05), and catalase activity was lower in the combination group (14.4±2.8 U/ml) compared to control (20.9±2.0 U/ml, P<0.01). There was no change in XO activity. The increased rate of weight decline in mice treated with oxypurinol indicates that XO may play a protective role during the progression of cancer cachexia, and its inhibition is detrimental to outcomes. In combination with EPA, there was little significant improvement from control, indicating oxypurinol is unlikely to be a viable treatment compound in cancer cachexia.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/complications
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Animals
- Cachexia/drug therapy
- Cachexia/etiology
- Catalase/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/pharmacology
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/therapeutic use
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy
- Muscular Atrophy/etiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/complications
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress
- Oxypurinol/pharmacology
- Oxypurinol/therapeutic use
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Tumor Burden
- Weight Loss/drug effects
- Xanthine Oxidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Xanthine Oxidase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward Hinch
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Peter Martin
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
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Jain R, Jain SK. Effect of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. bark extract on cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:187-91. [PMID: 22305782 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effect of ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (B. lanan) bark against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. METHODS The prevalence of micronuclei in bone marrow, the extent of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and the status of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver of mice were used as intermediate biomarkers for chemoprotection. Lipid peroxidation and associated compromised antioxidant defenses in cyclophosphamide treated mice were observed in the liver. RESULTS Pre-treatment with B. lanzan 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o., daily for 7 days significantly reduced the chromosomal damage and lipid peroxidation with concomitant changes in antioxidants and detoxification systems. CONCLUSIONS These results point out the presence of chemopreventive phytoconstituents in the crude extract offering protection against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Jain
- SLT Institute of Pharmceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Turkez H, Aydin E. Anti-genotoxic role of eicosapentaenoic acid against imazalil-induced DNA damage in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:584-90. [PMID: 22317822 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711433943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid and is essential to the health of mammals. Recent data show that EPA can act as anti-mutagenic agent. On the other hand, pesticides comprise a new and important class of environmental pollutants nowadays. Imazalil (IMA), a commonly used fungicide in both agricultural and clinical domains is suspected to produce very serious toxic effects in vertebrates. The present study investigated the anti-genotoxic effect of EPA against the genotoxic damage induced by IMA on cultured human lymphocytes using chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests as cytogenetic endpoints. Peripheral blood cells were treated in vitro with varying concentrations of EPA (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml), tested in combination with IMA (336 μg/ml). Our results revealed that the rates of CAs and MNs in lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by IMA as compared to the controls. The results also showed that EPA alone was not genotoxic. Moreover, when combined with IMA treatment, EPA reduced the frequencies of CAs and MNs. A clear dose-dependent decrease in the genotoxic damage of IMA was observed, suggesting a genoprotective role of EPA. In conclusion, our data may have an important application for the protection of cultured human lymphocyte from the genetic damage and repercussions induced by agricultural and industrial chemicals hazardous in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Turkey
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Mokhtar YI, Togar B. Eicosapentaenoic acid protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced hepatic toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytotechnology 2011; 64:15-25. [PMID: 21938470 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. The health impact of TCDD exposure is of great concern to the general public. Recent reports have implied that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might be a potential chemopreventive agent and influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the effectiveness of EPA in alleviating the toxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. EPA (5, 10 and 20 μM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 μM). Rat hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and EPA for 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (LMN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD but not EPA decreased cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS level and significantly decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes in a clear dose dependent manner. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures treated with EPA alone, TOS level did not change and the level of TAC significantly increased. The presence of EPA with TCDD minimized the toxic effects of the dioxin on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, EPA has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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