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Zhang YL, Li Y, An FX, Sun CY. Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn leaf aqueous extract protects against alcoholic gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118628. [PMID: 39053717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (PPD) was used to treat gastrointestinal disease in China before the Tang Dynasty, and it was considered a "Top-grade" herb in Shennong Bencaojing, known for its ability to relieve the stomach Qi and indigestion. AIM OF THE STUDY Alcohol consumption can induce severe gastric mucosal injury that lacks effective and safe interventions. We aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effects of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn leaf (PPL) after bolting in alcohol-induced gastric damage in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally administered PPL aqueous extract at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg for 5 consecutive days prior to the induction of gastric damage model with ethanol. Gastric tissue was stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators were determined using ELISA and RT-qPCR. RNA-seq was used to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the gastric tissue, while Western blotting was employed to measure the expressions of IL-17, TNF-a, and AKT pathways. RESULTS Treatment with PPL alleviated alcohol-induced gastric damage in mice, whereas dried root (PPD) and stem (PPS) of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn had no gastroprotective function. The content of peucedanocoumarin I was higher in the dried PPL compared to PPD and PPS, with an increase in peucedanocoumarin I content in PPL after boiling. Additionally, PPL administration (5, 10 g/kg) decreased pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) in alcohol-induced gastric injury mice (p < 0.05), and improved oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase enzymes (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). RNA-seq data revealed that PPL treatment inhibited alcohol-induced inflammation-related signals, including IL-17 and TNF pathways, and restored alcohol-inhibited gastric digestive and metabolic functions, such as xenobiotics metabolism of cytochrome P450, and protein digestion and absorption pathways. Notably, treatment with PPL downregulated the expressions of IL-17 A, TNF-a, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and AKT-phosphorylation induced by ethanol exposure (p < 0.05). Thus, the aqueous extract of PPL provided protection against alcohol-induced gastric injury by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress in mice, suggesting a potential novel therapeutic approach for alcohol-induced gastric damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Feng-Xia An
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.
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Wang Q, Sun Q, Huang Q, Qin L, Zhu B. The traditional uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352657. [PMID: 38633612 PMCID: PMC11021687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bai Hua Qian Hu (Qianhu; Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn) is a classical medicinal plant traditionally prescribed for respiratory ailments, including cough, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. In this review, we summarize the research progress of the toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, phytochemistry, botany, quality control, and traditional uses of P. praeruptorum in order to support future investigations into the scientific and therapeutic promise of this important medicinal plant. Information pertaining to P. praeruptorum was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Springer, SciFinder, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, Web of Science), as well as toxicology papers from local conferences, M. Sc. and Ph.D. theses and dissertations, local magazines, classic texts on Chinese botanical drugs, and peer-reviewed journals. The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) was utilized to verify the taxonomy of P. praeruptorum. P. praeruptorum was found to contain more than 119 distinct phytochemicals, including simple coumarins, pyranocoumarins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, ketones, organic acids, and sterols, among others (e.g., praeruptorins A and B). Both crude plant extracts and purified metabolites of P. praeruptorum have been reported as treatments for hypertension, osteoporosis, Huntington's disease, and cancer. In addition, extracts of P. praeruptorum are reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including osteogenic, anti-osteoclastogenic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Research into the pharmacology and phytochemistry of P. praeruptorum partially support both traditional uses and extraction methods. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationships between these metabolites, their molecular mechanisms, their structure-function roles, and their antagonistic and synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Chua PJ, Ow SH, Ng CT, Huang WH, Low JT, Tan PH, Chan MWY, Bay BH. Peroxiredoxin 3 regulates breast cancer progression via ERK-mediated MMP-1 expression. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:59. [PMID: 38321552 PMCID: PMC10845805 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), a mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide scavenger, is known to be upregulated during tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we provide evidence for the first time that PRDX3 could regulate cellular signaling pathways associated with Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and activity in breast cancer progression. We show that shRNA-mediated gene silencing of PRDX3 inhibits cell migration and invasion in two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Reciprocal experiments show that PRDX3 overexpression promotes invasion and migration of the cancer cells, processes which are important in the metastatic cascade. Notably, this phenomenon may be attributed to the activation of MMP-1, which is observed to be upregulated by PRDX3 in the breast cancer cells. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissues revealed a positive correlation between PRDX3 and MMP-1 expression in both epithelial and stromal parts of the tissues. Further pathway reporter array and luciferase assay demonstrated that activation of ERK signaling is responsible for the transcriptional activation of MMP-1 in PRDX3-overexpressed cells. These findings suggest that PRDX3 could mediate cancer spread via ERK-mediated activation of MMP-1. Targeted inhibition of ERK signaling may be able to inhibit tumor metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore
| | - Suet-Hui Ow
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore
| | - Wan-Hong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Diseases Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Ting Low
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Diseases Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
- Luma Medical Centre, Royal Square, 329565, Singapore
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan.
- Epigenomics and Human Diseases Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan.
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117594, Singapore.
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Wu TK, Hung TW, Chen YS, Pan YR, Hsieh YH, Tsai JP. Corosolic acid inhibits metastatic response of human renal cell carcinoma cells by modulating ERK/MMP2 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:857-868. [PMID: 37860891 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CA), a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-metabolic, and anti-neoplastic actions against a variety of human cancers. However, the specific mechanism by which CA inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is yet unclear. We found that CA (≤8 μM) had no influence on either the growth or viability of RCC cell lines (786-O, ACHN, and Caki-1) or normal HK2 cells. However, in a dose-dependent manner, CA prevented the invasion and migration of RCC cells. Human protease array analysis showed that CA reduced MMP2 expression. At increasing concentrations of CA, the expression of MMP2 was dose-dependently reduced, as shown by western blot and RT-PCR analyses as well as immunofluorescence staining. CA also stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in 786-O and Caki-1 cells. Transfection of CA-treated RCC cells with siRNA-ERK restored MMP2 protein expression and the motility and invasion capabilities of RCC cells. Molecular docking study results showed that CA and MMP2 interact strongly. These findings elucidate the mechanism by which CA prevents RCC cells from migrating and invading, and these findings indicate that CA may be a potential anti-metastatic therapy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Kun Wu
- Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ru Pan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Zhou W, Lin L, Chen D, Wang J, Chen J. Construction of a Liver Cancer Prognostic Model Based on Interferon-Gamma-Related Genes for Revealing the Immune Landscape. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:25-42. [PMID: 39016139 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2024049848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inferferon-gamma (LFN-γ) exerts anti-tumor effects, but there is currently no reliable and comprehensive study on prognostic function of IFN-γ-related genes in liver cancer. In this study, IFN-γ-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in liver cancer were identified through GO/KEGG databases and open-access literature. Based on these genes, individuals with liver cancer were clustered. A prognostic model was built based on the intersection genes between differential genes in clusters and in liver cancer. Then, model predictive performance was analyzed and validated in GEO dataset. Regression analysis was fulfilled on the model, and a nomogram was utilized to evaluate model ability as an independent prognostic factor and its clinical application value. An immune-related analysis was conducted on both the H- and L-groups, with an additional investigation into link of model genes to drug sensitivity. Significant differential expression of IFN-γ-related genes was observed between the liver cancer and control groups. Subsequently, individuals with liver cancer were classified into two subtypes based on these genes, which displayed a notable difference in survival between the two subtypes. A 10-gene liver cancer prognostic model was constructed, with good prognostic performance and was an independent prognosticator for patient analysis. L-group patients possessed higher immune infiltration levels, immune checkpoint expression levels, and immunophenoscore, as well as lower TIDE scores. Drugs that had high correlations with the feature genes included SPANXB1: PF-04217903, SGX-523, MMP1: PF-04217903, DUSP13: Imatinib, TFF1: KHK-Indazole, and Fulvestrant. We built a 10-gene liver cancer prognostic model. It was found that L-group patients were more suitable for immunotherapy. This study provided valuable information on the prognosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Liang Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Dongxing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Jingui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian 351100, P.R. China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Hu J, Liu R, Yang Z, Pan X, Li Y, Gong Y, Guo D. Praeruptorin A inhibits the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expressions of inflammatory factors in poly (I:C)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1110-1120. [PMID: 37500542 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Praeruptorin A (PA), a natural coumarin compound, has significant anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PA on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages induced by Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages induced by poly (I:C) were treated with or without PA, the viability of which was determined to screen working solution of PA. RNA-sequencing was applied to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were carried out. The expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (Abca1) and NF-κB-related proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. As a result, PA at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 μM slightly affected cell viability, while PA at 6 and 7 μM significantly inhibited cell viability. GO and KEGG analysis results revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to inflammatory signaling. Through further analysis, we obtained five possible targets of PA, and verified that PA inhibited the expressions of IL-1β, HMOX1, PTGS2 and Abca1 as well as the activation of NF-κB pathway in poly (I:C)-induced RAW264.7 cells. To summarize, PA may inhibit expressions of the inflammation-related genes in poly (I:C)-induced RAW264.7 cells, which demonstrates its potential as a drug against virus related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Roujun Liu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Pan
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Gong
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Guo
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
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Xu L, Yang H, Yan M, Li W. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 is a poor prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2065-2083. [PMID: 36169759 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains an incurable malignancy despite the treatment methods being continually updated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) promote the progression of HCC; however, no consensus exists on which MMP plays the predominant role in HCCs. In the present study, we analyzed differentially expressed genes in HCCs, especially MMPs, compared with adjacent tissues using the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The KEGG enrichment pathway using differentially expressed genes included extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, which was correlated with MMPs. We found that among the MMP family, only MMP1, MMP3, MMP8, MMP9, MMP11, MMP12, MMP14, MMP15, MMP20, MMP21, and MMP24 significantly increased in HCCs compared with adjacent tissues. Crucially, survival and univariate analyses indicated that only MMPs 1, 9, 12, and 14 predict poor overall survival; however, multivariate Cox analysis and a nomogram demonstrated that only MMP1 is a poor prognostic biomarker for HCCs. In addition, we observed significant enrichment of uncharacterized cells but decreased macrophages in HCC tissues. Consistent with decreased macrophages in HCCs, MMP1 was negatively associated with macrophages but positively correlated with uncharacterized cells, indicating that the main producer of MMP1 is uncharacterized cells. Furthermore, MMP1 expression was negatively correlated with immune responses of HCCs. Taken together, our findings indicated that MMP1 is a poor and predominant prognostic biomarker for patients with HCC and that anti-MMP1 may be a novel therapy that is worth studying in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Xu
- Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Meimei Yan
- Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Yan CF, Xia J, Qun WS, Bing WY, Guo WJ, Yong HG, Sheng SJ, Lei ZG. Tumor-associated macrophages-derived exo-let-7a promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via targeting C15orf41 in osteosarcoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1318-1331. [PMID: 36919336 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) immune environment is complexed and the immune factors-related to OS progression need to be explored. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are regarded as immune suppressive and tumor-promoting cells. However, the underlying mechanisms through which TAMs function are still fragmentary. Here, we aim to explore the underlying mechanisms by which TAMs regulate OS progression. METHODS TAMs from OS tissues were isolated by flow cytometry. Exosomes derived from TAMs were separated using ultracentrifugation and western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry were constructed to characterize TAMs-derived exosomes. Additionally, the differential MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and genes were detected through RNA sequencing, and further validated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). OS cell metastasis ability was assessed using transwell invasion and scratch wound healing assays. MiRNAs mimic and lentiviral vectors were utilized to explore the effects on OS progression. RESULTS Exosome secreted by TAMs accelerated the OS metastasis. Let-7a level was upregulated in TAMs derived exosomes, which downregulated C15orf41 by targeting 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Furthermore, overexpressing let-7a enhanced invasion and migration by blocking the transcription of C15orf41. In consistent, up-regulating let-7a promoted OS progression and made the prognosis to be worse, which can be reversed by C15orf41 overexpression. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the critical role of TAMs-derived exosomes in OS progression and explored the potential value of the let-7a/C15orf41 axis as an indicator or target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fei Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Si Qun
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yi Bing
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Jian Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang-Gang Yong
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Jing Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Guang Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ji W, Bai J, Ke Y. Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis, metastasis, stemness, macrophage polarization, and infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma through PKM mediated glycolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1332-1346. [PMID: 36880413 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With high morbidity and mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deserves further exploration in its pathogenesis mechanisms for promising prognostic and therapeutic markers. This research was conducted to dig out roles of exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 in HCC. METHODS The level of exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 in HCC tissue and cells was determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify interactions between ZFPM2-AS1 and miRNA-18b-5p, as well as miRNA-18b-5p and PKM. Western blotting was employed to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. Several in vitro assays were conducted in mice xenograft and orthotopic transplantation models to investigate impacts of exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 on HCC development, metastasis, and macrophage infiltration. RESULTS ZFPM2-AS1 was activated in HCC tissue and cells, with high enrichment in HCC-derived exosomes. Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 enhances the cell abilities and stemness of HCC. MiRNA-18b-5p was directly targeted by ZFPM2-AS1 which triggered PKM expression via sponging miR-18b-5p. Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 modulated glycolysis via PKM in an HIF-1α dependent way in HCC, promoting M2 polarization, and macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 enhanced HCC cell growth, metastasis, and M2 infiltration in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal ZFPM2-AS1 exerted regulatory function on the progression of HCC via miR-18b-5p/PKM axis. ZFPM2-AS1 could be promising biomarker for the diagnosis and therapies of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Yu W, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Liu C, Lu C, Liang Z, Wang G, Yan J. The Wu-Shi-Cha formula protects against ulcerative colitis by orchestrating immunity and microbiota homeostasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116075. [PMID: 36572328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a healthy burden worldwide due to its insidious onset and repetitive relapse, with a rather complex etiology, including inappropriate immune response, dysbiosis, genetic susceptibility, and unhealthy diets. The Wu-Shi-Cha (WSC) formula is a widely utilized drug to protect against gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aspired to dissect the pertinent mechanisms of the WSC to treat UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to predict the targets of WSC in the context of UC and colorectal cancer. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to construct murine models of experimental colitis, and the WSC was given to colitis mice for 14 days. Feces and colon samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and biochemical experiments, respectively. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the WSC formula could orchestrate inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis, and WGCNA based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed a potent anti-neoplastic effect of the WSC therapy for colorectal cancer. The WSC therapy rescued bursts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and colonic epithelial collapse in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, the high dose of WSC treatment facilitated the alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages (Mφs) and these Mφs were conducive to the survival of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and the disturbed homeostasis of gut microbiota was re-established after WSC treatment, as evidenced by the decreased colonization of pathological taxa in the fecal samples. CONCLUSION The WSC formula suppresses inflammation and re-establishes the homeostasis of gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating colitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zizheng Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, Jining city, Shandong province, China.
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Chen R, Liu J, Hu J, Li C, Liu Y, Pan W. DLGAP5 knockdown inactivates the Wnt/β-catenin signal to repress endometrial cancer cell malignant activities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:685-693. [PMID: 36454672 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human discs large-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), a microtubule-associated protein, has been reported to be upregulated in several tumors. However, the role of DLGAP5 in endometrial cancer (EC) progression and the related underlying mechanism were still unknown. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to analyze the expression and prognostic significance of DLGAP5 in EC tissues using TCGA, CPTAC, Human Protein Atlas, and GSE63678 databases, UALCAN web tool, and the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Effects of DLGAP on EC cell malignant properties were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry analysis, TUNEL assay, caspase-3 activity assay, and Transwell invasion assay. The expression of DLGAP5, Wnt3, c-Myc, Ki67, and cleaved caspase-3 was detected by western blot analysis. DLGAP5 was highly expressed and correlated with poor prognosis in EC patients. DLGAP5 knockdown inhibited proliferation and invasion, triggered apoptosis, and increased caspase-3 activity in EC cells. Additionally, DLGAP5 knockdown inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in EC cells. Moreover, β-catenin overexpression abolished the effects of DLGAP5 knockdown on the malignant phenotypes of EC cells. DLGAP5 silencing suppressed the malignant properties in EC cells by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Fokind Hospital Affiliated to Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Ma L, Luo Y, Chen B, Zheng C, Du W, Shi X, Guo Z. Determination of Characteristic Volatile Component Fingerprint of Peucedanum Praeruptorum Dunn at Different Harvest Periods Based on HS-GC-IMS. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:445-456. [PMID: 36102821 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (PPD) is a Chinese herbal medicine with medicinal value. Clinical studies have shown that PPD has protective effects against wind-heat, cough, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, cultivation of PPD is becoming more common. However, it has been difficult to determine the optimal harvest period for botanical Chinese medicines such as PPD. OBJECTIVES Odor characteristics are directly related to the chemical components contained in traditional Chinese medicines. In particular, for traditional Chinese medicines such as PPD that are rich in volatile components, higher quality usually means more beneficial volatile components. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in PPD volatile components across different harvest periods, and provide the basis for the identification of the ideal harvest period to ensure PPD quality. METHODS We measured the volatile components of PPD at different harvest periods using HS-GC-IMS to characterize its volatile component fingerprint at different harvest periods. RESULTS We identified 80 volatile components in PPD across five harvest periods, and combined complex heatmap and PCA methods distinguish the characteristics of the different harvest periods, and used ion mobility spectrometry to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which mainly included compounds such as olefins, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, and determined that the abundance of volatile components reached a peak in December. CONCLUSIONS The fingerprint determination of characteristic volatile components based on HS-GC-IMS can distinguish PPD in different harvest periods. HIGHLIGHTS We used HS-GC-IMS to determine the characteristic fingerprint of volatile components from PPD across different harvest periods. This approach differs from past studies, which have determined the optimal harvest time of medicinal materials based on only the content of a single active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linke Ma
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yunyun Luo
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Bilian Chen
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Weifeng Du
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xingxing Shi
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zengxi Guo
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Hangzhou 310052, China
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13
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Xie J, Tang X, Xie C, Wang Y, Huang J, Jin J, Liu H, Zhong C, Zhou R, Ren G, Zhang S. Comparative analysis of root anatomical structure, chemical components and differentially expressed genes between early bolting and unbolting in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. Genomics 2023; 115:110557. [PMID: 36610559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early bolting of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn severely affects its quality. In this study, we compared with the root structure of P. praeruptorum and its four coumarins content between early bolting (CT) and unbolting (WT) at different growth stages. We found that the proportion of area outside the root cambium (Rs) was higher in the WT plants than in the CT plants and correlated positively with the proximity to the root tip. Furthermore, the content of all four coumarins was also higher in the WT plants relative to the CT plants. In addition, we identified 15,524 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two plant varieties. 11 DEGs are involved in the photoperiod and gibberellin pathways that regulate early bolting and 24 genes involved in coumarins biosynthesis were also identified. Nevertheless, early bolting of P. praeruptorum does affect its quality formation, and further studies are needed to confirm its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Xueyang Tang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Chufei Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Jian Jin
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Can Zhong
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Guangxi Ren
- College of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, PR China.
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14
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Chuanbing Z, Zhengle Z, Ruili D, Kongfan Z, Jing T. Genes Modulating Butyrate Metabolism for Assessing Clinical Prognosis and Responses to Systematic Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 13:52. [PMID: 36671437 PMCID: PMC9856074 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, one of the major products of the gut microbiota, has played notable roles in diverse therapies for multiple tumors. Our study aimed to determine the roles of genes that modulate butyrate metabolism (BM) in predicting the clinical prognosis and responses to systemic therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The genes modulating BM were available from the GeneCard database, and gene expression and clinical information were obtained from TCGA-LIHC, GEO, ICGC-JP, and CCLE databases. Candidate genes from these genes that regulate BM were then identified by univariate Cox analysis. According to candidate genes, the patients in TCGA were grouped into distinct subtypes. Moreover, BM- related gene signature (BMGs) was created via the LASSO Cox algorithm. The roles of BMGs in identifying high-risk patients of HCC, assessing the prognoses, and predicting systematic therapies were determined in various datasets. The statistical analyses were fulfilled with R 4.1.3, GraphPad Prism 8.0 and Perl 5.30.0.1 software. In the TCGA cohort, most butyrate-related genes were over-expressed in the B cluster, and patients in the B cluster showed worse prognoses. BMGs constructed by LASSO were composed of eight genes. BMGs exhibited a strong performance in evaluating the prognoses of HCC patients in various datasets, which may be superior to 33 published biomarkers. Furthermore, BMGs may contribute to the early surveillance of HCC, and BMGs could play active roles in assessing the effectiveness of immunotherapy, TACE, ablation therapy, and chemotherapeutic drugs for HCC. BMGs may be served as novel promising biomarkers for early identifying high-risk groups of HCC, as well as assessing prognoses, drug sensitivity, and the responses to immunotherapy, TACE, and ablation therapy in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chuanbing
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Zhang Zhengle
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Ding Ruili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Zhu Kongfan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061, China
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15
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Liu L, Wang X, Chen S, Liu D, Song C, Yi S, Zhu F, Wang W, Wang F, Wang G, Song X, Jia B, Chen C, Peng H, Guo L, Han B. Fungal isolates influence the quality of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1011001. [PMID: 36352875 PMCID: PMC9638934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between beneficial microorganisms and plants plays a vital role in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Although Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn is widely distributed, its development is greatly limited by early bolting. The reason for early bolting in P. praeruptorum remains poorly characterized. We focus on the plant related microorganisms, including endophytes and rhizosphere microorganisms, by combining the traditional isolation and culture method with metagenomic sequencing technology. We found that the OTUs of endophytes and rhizosphere microorganisms showed a positive correlation in the whole growth stage of P. praeruptorum. Meanwhile, the community diversity of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi showed an opposite change trend, and bacteria showed a similar change trend. Besides, the microbial communities differed during the pre- and post-bolting stages of P. praeruptorum. Beneficial bacterial taxa, such as Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, and fungal taxa, such as Didymella and Fusarium, were abundant in the roots in the pre-bolting stage. Further, a strain belonging to Didymella was obtained by traditional culture and was found to contain praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, praeruptorin E. In addition, we showed that the fungus could affect its effective components when it was inoculated into P. praeruptorum. This work provided a research reference for the similar biological characteristics of perennial one-time flowering plants, such as Saposhnikovia divaricate, Angelica sinensis and Angelica dahurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Shaotong Chen
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Shanyong Yi
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Fucheng Zhu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Xiangwen Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Cunwu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
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16
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Dai L, Mugaanyi J, Cai X, Dong M, Lu C, Lu C. Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of MMP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and establishment of relevant prognostic model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13639. [PMID: 35948625 PMCID: PMC9365786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) encodes endopeptidases associated with degradation of multiple components of the extracellular matrix. This function has increasingly been considered to play a major proteolysis role in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the relationship between MMP1 gene expression, tumor-immune microenvironment and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients remains mostly unclear. This study focused on a comprehensive analysis of MMP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma, specifically the prognosis and tumor-immune microenvironment. MMP1 expression was analyzed using TCGA database and clinical samples. MMP1 associated mechanisms, pathways, mutations and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated. We also analyzed the tumor-immune microenvironment and corresponding treatments. Our research demonstrated that MMP1 expression was upregulated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with poor survival. A prognostic model was established and its performance evaluated. We also found and report various correlations between MMP1 and immune-related cells/genes, as well the potential therapeutic agents. These findings indicate that MMP1 can potentially be a promising prognostic biomarker and indicator of the tumor-immune microenvironment status in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Joseph Mugaanyi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingchen Cai
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjun Dong
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caide Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changjiang Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Li S, Han Y, Lu M, Liu Z, Jin J, Guo Q, Wang Y, Liu H. Mesenchymal stem cell‐exosome‐mediated matrix metalloproteinase 1 participates in oral leukoplakia and carcinogenesis by inducing angiogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:638-648. [PMID: 35792829 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Li
- Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Mingxing Lu
- Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Jianqiu Jin
- Department of Stomatology Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology Beijing China
| | - Qianyun Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
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18
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A novel epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene signature for the immune status and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:906-917. [PMID: 35699863 PMCID: PMC9349121 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background This study clarified whether EMT-related genes can predict immunotherapy efficacy and overall survival in patients with HCC. Methods The RNA-sequencing profiles and patient information of 370 samples were derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and EMT-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures database. The signature model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis in TCGA cohort. Validation data were obtained from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset of patients with HCC. Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox analyses were employed to estimate the prognostic value. Immune status and tumor microenvironment were estimated using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The expression of prognostic genes was verified using qRT-PCR analysis of HCC cell lines. Results A signature model was constructed using EMT-related genes to determine HCC prognosis, based on which patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. The risk score, as an independent factor, was related to tumor stage, grade, and immune cells infiltration. The results indicated that the most prognostic genes were highly expressed in the HCC cell lines, but GADD45B was down-regulated. Enrichment analysis suggested that immunoglobulin receptor binding and material metabolism were essential in the prognostic signature. Conclusion Our novel prognostic signature model has a vital impact on immune status and prognosis, significantly helping the decision-making related to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12072-022-10354-3.
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19
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Song C, Li X, Jia B, Liu L, Wei P, Manzoor MA, Wang F, Li BY, Wang G, Chen C, Han B. Comparative Transcriptomics Unveil the Crucial Genes Involved in Coumarin Biosynthesis in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899819. [PMID: 35656010 PMCID: PMC9152428 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine that is abundant in furano- and dihydropyrano coumarins. When P. praeruptorum reaches the bolting stage, the roots gradually lignified, and the content of coumarins declines rapidly. Non-bolting has always been a decisive factor for harvesting the P. praeruptorum materials. To evaluate the amount of coumarin components in unbolted and bolted P. praeruptorum, the variations of praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B, praeruptorin E, peucedanocoumarin I, and peucedanocoumarin II were determined. Additionally, 336,505 transcripts were obtained from the comparative transcriptome data. Among them, a total of 1,573 differentially expressed genes were screened out. To identify the critical genes involved in coumarin biosynthesis, comparative transcriptomics coupled with co-expression associated analysis was conducted. Finally, coumarin biosynthesis-related eighteen candidate genes were selected for the validation of qPCR. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree and the expression profile of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were constructed. To clarify the main genes in the regulation of coumarin biosynthesis, the interaction network of the co-expression genes from thirteen modules was constructed. Current results exhibited the significant increment of praeruptorin A, praeruptorin B and praeruptorin E in the bolted P. praeruptorum. Although, peucedanocoumarin I and peucedanocoumarin II were slightly increased. Besides the content of coumarins, the essential genes involved in the coumarin biosynthesis also exhibited an overall downward trend after bolting. Three peroxidases (PRXs) involved in the production of lignin monomers had been demonstrated to be downregulated. PAL, C4H, HCT, COMT, CCoAOMT, and some ABC transporters were dramatically downregulated at the bolting stage. These results indicated that the downregulation of coumarin biosynthetic genes in the bolted P. praeruptorum ultimately reduced the formation of coumarins. However, the mechanism through which bolting indirectly affects the formation of coumarin still needs extra functional verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Peipei Wei
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | | | - Fang Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Biqi Yao Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Cunwu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lu’an, China
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20
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Li Z, Zhang F, Wang S, Xiao H, Wang J, Li X, Yang H. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects of praeruptorin a in isolated rat thoracic aorta. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10038-10046. [PMID: 35416124 PMCID: PMC9162007 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Praeruptorin A (PA) is a natural coumarin compound from the roots of Radix Peucedani and is commonly used in the treatment of certain respiratory diseases and hypertension. Although previous studies identified relaxant effects of PA on tracheal and arterial preparations, little is known about its vasodilative effects and underlying mechanisms. Here, an organ bath system and tension recording methods were used to prepare and analyze isolated rat thoracic aorta artery rings. Aorta artery rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine and then incubated with PA, and the possible mechanism of relaxation was investigated by adding inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (L-NG-nitroarginine, L-NNA), cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), guanylyl cyclase (1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, ODQ), and KCa channels (tetraethylammonium, TEA). Our study showed that PA-induced vasodilation was blocked by L-NAME, L-NNA, and ODQ, while CaCl2-induced vasoconstriction was countered by PA. Thus, PA may exert a vasodilatory effect by influencing the amounts of endothelium-derived relaxing factors through endothelial-dependent NO-cGMP and prostacyclin pathways (such as NO and prostacyclin 2). In the rat thoracic aorta, PA reduces vasoconstriction by inhibiting Ca2+ inflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Big Brand League Technology Consulting Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Fengrong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Wang W, Chen Y, Kuo C, Tsai J, Hsu F, Chung J, Pan P. DNA
damage and
NF‐κB
inactivation implicate glycyrrhizic acid‐induced
G
1
phase arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14128. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Shu Wang
- Department of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital Yilan Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Shan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology Show Chwan Memorial Hospital Changhua Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Yu Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital Yilan Taiwan
| | - Jai‐Jen Tsai
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital Yilan Taiwan
- Department of Nursing Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Fei‐Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jing‐Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Po‐Jung Pan
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital Yilan Taiwan
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22
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Wang K, Chen PN, Chien HW, Hsieh YH, Lee CY, Yu NY, Yang SF. Demethoxycurcumin inhibits the cell migration and MMP-2 expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by targeting the STAT-3 pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108843. [PMID: 34793827 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) involves retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell proliferation and migration and leads to tractional retinal detachment. Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), a curcuminoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties. However, whether DMC affects the migration of RPE cells and the molecular mechanism of human PVR remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of DMC on the inhibition of migration and proteinase expression of human ARPE-19 cells. Herein, we provided molecular evidence associated with PVR prevention through DMC by inhibiting ARPE-19 cell migration. We performed gelatin zymography, Western blot and RT-PCR and respectively found that DMC is sufficient to reduce matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, protein level and mRNA expression. DMC suppressed the nuclear levels of transcriptional factors specificity protein 1 and c-Fos, which are involved in the modulation of the transcriptional activation of the MMP-2 gene. DMC also inhibited STAT-3 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. Selective STAT-3 induction by a STAT-3 activator, colivelin, reverted MMP activity and protein expression and cell migration, which were reduced in response to DMC. The results proved the inhibitory effect of DMC on RPE cell migration and MMP-2 expression by the down-regulation of the STAT-3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Nuo-Yi Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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23
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Chen JL, Lai CY, Ying TH, Lin CW, Wang PH, Yu FJ, Liu CJ, Hsieh YH. Modulating the ERK1/2-MMP1 Axis through Corosolic Acid Inhibits Metastasis of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168641. [PMID: 34445346 PMCID: PMC8395509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CA; 2α-hydroxyursolic acid) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with antioxidant, antitumour and antimetastatic activities against various tumour cells during tumourigenesis. However, CA’s antitumour effect and functional roles on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells are utterly unknown. In this study, our results demonstrated that CA significantly exerted an inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 expression, cell migration and invasion without influencing cell growth or the cell cycle of human OSCC cells. The critical role of MMP1 was confirmed using the GEPIA database and showed that patients have a high expression of MMP1 and have a shorter overall survival rate, confirmed on the Kaplan–Meier curve assay. In the synergistic inhibitory analysis, CA and siMMP1 co-treatment showed a synergically inhibitory influence on MMP1 expression and invasion of human OSCC cells. The ERK1/2 pathway plays an essential role in mediating tumour progression. We found that CA significantly inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 dose-dependently. The ERK1/2 pathway played an essential role in the CA-mediated downregulation of MMP1 expression and in invasive motility in human OSCC cells. These findings first demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CA on OSCC cells’ progression through inhibition of the ERK1/2–MMP1 axis. Therefore, CA might represent a novel strategy for treating OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Liang Chen
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Yu Lai
- Director of Surgery Department, Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng Ching General Hospital, Taichung 40764, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Han Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Jung Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
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24
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Song C, Li X, Jia B, Liu L, Ou J, Han B. De novo Transcriptome Sequencing Coupled With Co-expression Analysis Reveal the Transcriptional Regulation of Key Genes Involved in the Formation of Active Ingredients in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn Under Bolting Period. Front Genet 2021; 12:683037. [PMID: 34194480 PMCID: PMC8236723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.683037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn is a perennial and one-off flowering plant of the Peucedanum genus in Umbelliferae. The cultivated P. praeruptorum Dunn usually grows nutritionally in the first year and then moves into the reproductive growth in the second year. The lignification of the roots caused by bolting leads to the quality decline of crude materials. Since most of the previous studies have dealt with coumarin biosynthesis and identification of functional genes in P. praeruptorum, the scientific connotation of the inability that the bolted P. praeruptorum cannot be used medically is still unclear. Here, we employed a transcriptome sequencing combined with coexpression analysis to unearth the regulation mechanism of key genes related to coumarin synthesis in pre- and postbolting period, and to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of bolting on the formation and transport of coumarins between the annual and biennial plants. Six cDNA libraries were constructed, and the transcripts were sequenced and assembled by Illumina Hiseq platform. A total of 336,505 unigenes were obtained from 824,129 non-redundant spliced transcripts. Unigenes (114,488) were annotated to the NCBI nr database, 119,017 and 10,475 unigenes were aligned to Gene Ontology (GO) functional groups and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, respectively. Differential expression analysis screened out a series of upregulated and downregulated genes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway. The heatmap clustering showed that the similar expression patterns were both observed in groups C vs. D and groups C vs. F. The WGCNA-based coexpression was performed to elucidate the module and trait relationship to unearth important genes related to the bolting process. Seven pivotal modules on the KEGG functional annotations suggested these genes were mainly enriched in the process of plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, α-linolenic acid metabolism, circadian rhythm, and phenylpropanoid pathway. Further analysis provided clues that the key genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, the ABC transporters, the apoptosis-related and circadian rhythm regulatory genes may play pivotal roles in regulating bolting signaling, biosynthesis, and transportation of coumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinmei Ou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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