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Guo J, Zhao C, Gupta S, Platz G, Snyman L, Zhou M. Genome-wide association mapping for seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew in barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:50. [PMID: 38363421 PMCID: PMC10873221 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two new major QTL were identified for powdery mildew resistance. We confirmed that the QTL on 7HS contributed mainly to the adult-plant resistance, while another one on chromosome arm 1HS made a significant contribution to the seedling resistance. Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria hordei, can occur at all post emergent stages of barley and constantly threatens crop production. To identify more genes for effective resistance to powdery mildew for use in breeding programs, 696 barley accessions collected from different regions of the world were evaluated for PM resistance at seedling and adult growth stages in three different states of Australia. These barley accessions were genotyped using DArTSeq with over 18,000 markers for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Using the FarmCPU model, 54 markers showed significant associations with PM resistance scored at the seedling and adult-plant stages in different states of Australia. Another 40 markers showed tentative associations (LOD > 4.0) with resistance. These markers are distributed across all seven barley chromosomes. Most of them were grouped into eleven QTL regions, coinciding with the locations of most of the reported resistance genes. Two major MTAs were identified on chromosome arms 3HS and 5HL, with one on 3HS contributing to adult plant resistance and the one on 5HL to both seedling and adult plant resistance. An MTA on 7HS contributed mainly to the adult-plant resistance, while another one on chromosome arm 1HS made a significant contribution to the seedling resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Sanjiv Gupta
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Greg Platz
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, 4370, Australia
| | - Lisle Snyman
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, QLD, 4370, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia.
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Badiyal A, Dhiman S, Singh A, Rathour R, Pathania A, Katoch S, Padder BA, Sharma PN. Mapping of adult plant recessive resistance to anthracnose in Indian common bean landrace Baspa/KRC 8. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:254. [PMID: 38302755 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has become the food of choice owing to its wealthy nutritional profile, leading to a considerable increase in its cultivation worldwide. However, anthracnose has been a major impediment to production and productivity, as elite bean cultivars are vulnerable to this disease. To overcome barriers in crop production, scientists worldwide are working towards enhancing the genetic diversity of crops. One way to achieve this is by introducing novel genes from related crops, including landraces like KRC 8. This particular landrace, found in the North Western Himalayan region, has shown adult plant resistance against anthracnose and also possesses a recessive resistance gene. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a population of 179 F2:9 RIL individuals (Jawala × KRC 8) was evaluated at both phenotypic and genotypic levels using over 830 diverse molecular markers to map the resistance gene present in KRC 8. We have successfully mapped a resistance gene to chromosome Pv01 using four SSR markers, namely IAC 238, IAC 235, IAC 259, and BM 146. The marker IAC 238 is closely linked to the gene with a distance of 0.29 cM, while the other markers flank the recessive resistance gene at 10.87 cM (IAC 259), 17.80 cM (BM 146), and 25.22 cM (IAC 235). Previously, a single recessive anthracnose resistance gene (co-8) has been reported in the common bean accession AB 136. However, when we performed PCR amplification with our tightly linked marker IAC 238, we got different amplicons in AB 136 and KRC 8. Interestingly, the susceptible cultivar Jawala produced the same amplicon as AB 136. This observation indicated that the recessive gene present in KRC 8 is different from co-8. As the gene is located far away from the Co-1 locus, we suggest naming the recessive gene co-Indb/co-19. Fine mapping of co-Indb in KRC 8 may provide new insights into the cloning and characterization of this recessive gene so that it can be incorporated into future bean improvement programs. Further, the tightly linked marker IAC 238 can be utilized in marker assisted introgression in future bean breeding programs. CONCLUSION The novel co-Indb gene present in Himalayan landrace KRC 8, showing adult plant resistance against common bean anthracnose, is independent from all the resistance genes previously located on chromosome Pv01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Badiyal
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shiwali Dhiman
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amar Singh
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Rathour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anju Pathania
- Faculty of Agriculture, DAV University, Jalandhar, 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Shabnam Katoch
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bilal A Padder
- Plant Virology and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST-K Srinagar, Srinagar, 190025, J&K, India.
| | - Prem N Sharma
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, 176 062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Dreiseitl A. Mlo-Mediated Broad-Spectrum and Durable Resistance against Powdery Mildews and Its Current and Future Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38202446 PMCID: PMC10780490 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mlo is a well-known broad-spectrum recessively inherited monogenic durable resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria hordei found first in barley, originally in an induced mutant in 1942 and later in other mutants and also in Ethiopian landraces. The first commercial varieties possessing Mlo resistance were released during 1979-1986, but these often showed symptoms of necrotic leaf spotting associated with reduced grain yield. However, this yield penalty was successfully reduced by breeding Mlo-resistant varieties of spring barley predominate in Europe; for example, in the Czech Republic, their ratio surpassed 90% of the total number of newly released varieties. However, outside Europe, Mlo-varieties are not yet popular and can be exploited more widely. Winter barley varieties are generally non-resistant, but the use of Mlo for their breeding is controversial despite the limited adaptability of the pathogen to this resistance. The renewal of mechanically disturbed epidermal plant cell walls, including the penetration of mildews, is common in plants, and the Mlo-type resistance is exploited in many other crop species, including wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Dreiseitl
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kroměříž, Czech Republic
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Broughton S, Castello M, Liu L, Killen J, McMullan C. Anther Culture Protocols for Barley and Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2827:243-266. [PMID: 38985275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3954-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) techniques remain valuable tools for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genetic improvement, and DH populations are used extensively in breeding and research endeavors. Several techniques are available for DH production in wheat and barley. Here, we describe two simple, robust anther culture methods used to produce more than 15,000 DH wheat and barley lines annually in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Broughton
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Marieclaire Castello
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julie Killen
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher McMullan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
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Muria-Gonzalez MJ, Lawrence JA, Palmiero E, D'Souza NK, Gupta S, Ellwood SR. Major Susceptibility Gene Epistasis over Minor Gene Resistance to Spot Form Net Blotch in a Commercial Barley Cultivar. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1058-1065. [PMID: 37454241 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0376-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Spot form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, is a significant global disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Baudin, a barley cultivar that was until recently extensively grown in Western Australia, was reported as having minor seedling resistance. However, Baudin was highly susceptible to a local isolate, M3, suggesting that this isolate had gained virulence against a major susceptibility gene. M3 causes atypical lesions with pale centers early in the infection, with initial screens of a segregating population indicating that this was determined by a single locus in the Baudin genome. The susceptibility was semidominant in F1 progeny and the susceptibility gene, designated Spm1 (Susceptibility to P. teres f. maculata 1), mapped to a 190-kb section of the resistance gene-rich Mla region of chromosome 1H. Phenotyping with Ptm SP1, a non-M3 pathotype, identified a seedling resistance locus on 2H. Minor gene resistance is generally regarded as potentially durable, but our findings suggest the resistance to spot form net blotch in Baudin is nullified by strong susceptibility conferred by a separate locus on 1H. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Jordi Muria-Gonzalez
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Julie A Lawrence
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Elzette Palmiero
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Nola K D'Souza
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sanjiv Gupta
- Western Barley Genetics Alliance, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Simon R Ellwood
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Moolhuijzen P, Ge C, Palmiero E, Ellwood SR. A unique resistance mechanism is associated with RBgh2 barley powdery mildew adult plant resistance. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:145. [PMID: 37253878 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Gene expression at the RBgh2 locus indicates involvement in cAMP/G-protein-coupled signalling and innate immunity in barley powdery mildew adult plant resistance. Barley powdery mildew is a globally significant disease, responsible for reduced grain yield and quality. A major effect adult plant resistance gene, RBgh2, was previously found in a landrace from Azerbaijan. The atypical phenotype suggested different underlying genetic factors compared to conventional resistance genes and to investigate this, genome-wide gene expression was compared between sets of heterogeneous doubled haploids. RBgh2 resistance is recessive and induces both temporary genome-wide gene expression changes during powdery mildew infection together with constitutive changes, principally at the RBgh2 locus. Defence-related genes significantly induced included homologues of genes associated with innate immunity and pathogen recognition. Intriguingly, RBgh2 resistance does not appear to be dependent on salicylic acid signalling, a key pathway in plant resistance to biotrophs. Constitutive co-expression of resistance gene homologues was evident at the 7HS RBgh2 locus, while no expression was evident for a 6-transmembrane gene, predicted in silico to contain both G-protein- and calmodulin-binding domains. The gene was disrupted at the 5' end, and G-protein-binding activity was suppressed. RBgh2 appears to operate through a unique mechanism that co-opts elements of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moolhuijzen
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Cynthia Ge
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Elzette Palmiero
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Simon R Ellwood
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
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