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Jacobs J, Olivier B, Brandt C, Jafta G. Physical Profiles of All-Rounders, Batters, and Bowlers in Sub-Elite Women's Cricket. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1095-1102. [PMID: 38781468 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Jacobs, J, Olivier, B, Brandt, C, and Jafta, G. Physical profiles of all-rounders, batters, and bowlers in sub-elite women's cricket. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1095-1102, 2024-The unique physical profile of each player's role in sub-elite women's cricket is vital for optimizing performance as these players progress to the elite levels. This quantitative, cross-sectional study investigates the physical profiles of sub-elite women's cricket players as a group and compares these profiles across different player roles. Sub-elite female cricket players in the South African domestic women's cricket league were included in this study. A battery of physical assessments were conducted at the start of the 2022/23 season. The physical assessments included body composition, individual muscle strength testing using dynamometry, 2-km time trial (TT), countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg jump (SLJ), isometric mid-thigh pull, push-up, and hop test on force plates. A total of 44 female players (20.86 ± 1.6 years) were included in the study. Differences were found in muscle mass (p = 0.004) and peak power (p = 0.040) for all-rounders and bowlers. Player roles presented with different dominant (p = 0.006) and non-dominant (p = 0.066) knee flexion strength. The bowlers' body composition and physical strength profile are compromised compared with batters and all-rounders. There were several physical strength and power differences between pace and spin bowlers in CMJ and SLJ tests for jump height (p = 0.009) and peak power (p = 0.006). Batters performed the best in the 2-km TT. Body composition and musculoskeletal profiles for each player role can be baseline markers in sub-elite women's cricket. Stakeholders can use this information to guide physical preparation for players advancing to elite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolandi Jacobs
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Physiotherapy Department, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, College of Health Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Benita Olivier
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Center for Healthy Living Research, Oxford Institute of Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Corlia Brandt
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; and
| | - Gandhi Jafta
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Murphy MC, Merrick N, Mosler AB, Allen G, Chivers P, Hart NH. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for lower-limb and back injury in law enforcement officers commencing their basic training: a prospective cohort study. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:511-523. [PMID: 36284503 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2139618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to report the epidemiology of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries in Police Force recruits. We performed a cohort study of Police Force recruits undergoing a six-month training program with prospective injury data collected between 2018 and 2021. Cardiorespiratory fitness was quantified by the beep-test and police-specific-functional-capacity was quantified using a specifically designed physical performance evaluation (PPE) tool. Injury frequency and prevalence were reported. Fifteen percent (n = 180) of study Police Force recruits (n = 1,181) sustained a lower-limb or lumbosacral injury. The six-month training program significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001) and functional capacity (p < 0.001). Increased cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline decreased injury risk (OR = 0.8, 95%CI: 0.66-0.97, p = 0.019). Injury rates decreased over time and females were injured significantly earlier than males (HR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.52 to 0.95, p = 0.021). Interventions that can pre-condition Police Force recruits prior to the commencement of their basic physical training may reduce the number of lower-limb and lumbosacral injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles C Murphy
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Merrick
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea B Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garth Allen
- Western Australian Police Force, Western Australian Police Academy, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Merrick N, Hart NH, Mosler AB, Allen G, Murphy MC. Injury Profiles of Police Recruits Undergoing Basic Physical Training: A Prospective Cohort Study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:170-178. [PMID: 35917080 PMCID: PMC10025230 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A lack of published epidemiological data among police recruits presents a major challenge when designing appropriate prevention programs to reduce injury burden. We aimed to report the injury epidemiology of Western Australian (WA) Police Force recruits and examine sex and age as injury risk factors. Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted of prospectively collected injury data from WA Police Force recruits between 2018-2021. Injury was defined as 'time-loss' and injury incidence rate per 1000 training days (Poisson exact 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. For each region and type of injury, the incidence, severity, and burden were calculated. The association between age, sex, and injury occurrence were assessed using Cox regression time-to-event analysis. Results A total of 1316 WA Police Force recruits were included, of whom 264 recruits sustained 304 injuries. Injury prevalence was 20.1% and the incidence rate was 2.00 (95%CI 1.78-2.24) injuries per 1000 training days. Lower limb injuries accounted for most of the injury burden. Ligament/ joint injuries had the highest injury tissue/pathology burden. The most common activity injuring recruits was physical training (31.8% of all injuries). Older age (Hazard Ratio = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.2 to 1.9, p = 0.002) and female sex (Hazard Ratio = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.3 to 1.6, p < 0.001) increased risk of injury. Conclusion Prevention programs targeting muscle/tendon and ligament/joint injuries to the lower limb and shoulder should be prioritised to reduce the WA Police Force injury burden. Injury prevention programs should also prioritise recruits who are over 30 years of age or of female sex, given they are a higher risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Merrick
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea B Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garth Allen
- Western Australian Police Academy, Western Australian Police Force, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Myles C Murphy
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
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Coventry M, Timler A, Mosler AB, Russell K, Travers M, Mitchell Oam L, Murphy MC. "I lied a little bit." A qualitative study exploring the perspectives of elite Australian athletes on self-reported data. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 60:91-97. [PMID: 36738670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Explore the perceptions and experiences of elite Australian athletes' engagement with reporting data in surveillance systems. DESIGN Qualitative Descriptive. SETTING Semi-structured interviews conducted using Zoom. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 13 elite Australian athletes competing at a national or international level for semi-structured interviews. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Audio recordings were transcribed using DeScript, checked for errors and imported into QSR NVIVO. Thematic analysis using QSR NVIVO was used to determine key themes from transcripts. RESULTS Thematic analysis uncovered four key themes: 'the paradox of reporting', 'data for data's sake', 'eyes on reporting' and 'athlete friendly reporting'. CONCLUSION Athletes perceived reporting as a burden and the athlete management system presented numerous technological difficulties which led to athletes to backfill data entries and compromise data accuracy. Athletes had little knowledge on how their data was used and managed and often received minimal feedback from staff accessing the data. Athletes were unaware of who has access to their data, which is of concern as sensitive information may be collected and athletes may be underage. As a result, many athletes chose to report dishonest data to avoid their performance being questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Coventry
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Timler
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea B Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Russell
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mervyn Travers
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Mitchell Oam
- Radiology Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Myles C Murphy
- School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
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Hoyne ZG, Cripps AJ, Mosler AB, Joyce C, Chivers PT, Chipchase R, Murphy MC. Self-reported throwing volumes are not a valid tool for monitoring throwing loads in elite Australian cricket players: an observational cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:845-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Murphy MC, George HA, Naqi M, Owen PJ, Chivers P, Hart NH. Musculoskeletal injury epidemiology in law enforcement and firefighter recruits during physical training: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001289. [PMID: 35309374 PMCID: PMC8889355 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Report the injury epidemiology of law enforcement and firefighter recruits. Design A systematic epidemiological review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines was completed. Data sources Five online databases were searched from database inception to 5 May 2021. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Prospective and retrospective studies that reported data on musculoskeletal injuries sustained by law enforcement or firefighter recruits were included. We reported on all components of injury where data were available. All injury incidence rates were calculated as per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI) to allow comparisons between studies. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Results No studies reporting firefighter recruits were identified. Eight published studies that reported on injuries to law enforcement recruits were identified. The studies were all low quality, and the credibility of the evidence was assessed as very low. Seven studies reported medical attention injuries, and one study reported the number of medical withdrawals from a recruit training programme. The prevalence of law enforcement recruits with medical attention injuries ranged from 13.7% to 24.5%. The overall medical attention injury incidence rate for law enforcement recruits ranged from 1.67 injuries per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI 1.00 to 2.34 injuries per 1000 training days) to 4.24 injuries per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI 2.97 to 5.51 injuries per 1000 training days). Conclusion This review reported the prevalence and incidence rates for musculoskeletal injuries in law enforcement officers. However, the credibility of the evidence is very low. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021251084.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Calder Murphy
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Holly-Anne George
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Muhammad Naqi
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick J Owen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Jacobs J, Olivier B, Dawood M, Panagodage Perera NK. Prevalence and incidence of injuries among female cricket players: a systematic review and meta-analyses. JBI Evid Synth 2021; 20:1741-1790. [PMID: 34954723 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-21-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the review was to describe the incidence and prevalence of injuries among female cricket players of all ages, participating in all levels of play. INTRODUCTION Cricket, a bat-and-ball sport, is becoming popular among women of all ages and abilities worldwide. However, cricket participation carries a risk of injury. Injuries negatively affect sport participation, performance, and short- and long-term health and well-being. Injury prevention, therefore, is the key to safe, long-term cricket participation as a physical activity goal. Epidemiological data are needed to underpin evidence-based injury-prevention strategies. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies reporting incidence and prevalence of injuries in female cricket players of all ages, participating in all levels of play, were included in this review, including studies that report data by sex or by sport. Studies without enough data to calculate prevalence or incidence, that do not distinguish female injury data from males', that focus on athletes participating in other sports, or that focus on case studies were excluded. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted according to the JBI and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), EBSCO MasterFILE Premier, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, Scopus, and Science Direct were systematically searched from inception to August 2021. Additionally, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and ClincalTrail.gov were searched. EBSCO MegaFile Premier (EBSCO), OpenGrey (SIGLE), WorldCat, Grey Matters, Grey Literature, and Google Scholar databases were searched for gray literature. Full-text articles that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised using JBI-tools, and were extracted and synthesized in narrative summary and tabular forms. Three meta-analyses were conducted: injury incidence rate, injury prevalence proportions, and injury incidence proportions. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and the random-effects model. RESULTS Of the 7057 studies were identified and only 4256 screened after duplicates removed, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was low for 21 studies. The injury incidence rate for elite cricket was 71.9 (SE 21.3, 95% CI 30.2-113.6) injuries per 1000 player hours, time-loss injury incidence rate was 13.3 (SE 4.4, 95% CI 4.6-22.0) injuries per 1000 player hours, and non-time-loss injury incidence rate was 58.5 (SE 16.9, 95% CI 25.6-91.7) injuries per 1000 player hours. The injury prevalence proportions for community to elite cricket was 65.2% (SE 9.3, 95% CI 45.7-82.3) and injury prevalence proportions for community cricket was 60% (SE 4.5, 95% CI 51.1-68.6). The injury incidence proportions for community cricket was 5.6 (SE 4.4, 95% CI 0.1-18.3) injuries per 10,000 participants. Elite cricket players were more frequently injured than community cricket players. The most prevalent body regions injured were the shoulder and knee, and most were sustained by fast bowlers. Injuries to the hand, wrist, and fingers had the highest incidence and were most sustained by fielders. CONCLUSIONS The study's findings can help stakeholders (including players, coaches, clinicians, and policymakers) make informed decisions about cricket participation by informing and implementing strategies to promote cricket as a vehicle for positive public health outcomes. This review also identified gaps in the available evidence base and addressing these through future research would enhance women's cricket as a professional sport. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42020166052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolandi Jacobs
- The Wits-JBI Centre for Evidenced-Based Practice: A JBI Affiliated Group, Johannesburg, South Africa Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefakho Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (HMV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Latrobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce ACT, Australia
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