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Larsen ML, Krebs L, Hoei-Hansen CE, Kumar S. Assessment of fetal growth trajectory identifies infants at high risk of perinatal mortality. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 63:764-771. [PMID: 38339783 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze perinatal risks associated with three distinct scenarios of fetal growth trajectory in the latter half of pregnancy compared with a reference group. METHODS This cohort study included women with a singleton pregnancy that delivered between 32 + 0 and 41 + 6 weeks' gestation and had two or more ultrasound scans, at least 4 weeks apart, from 18 + 0 weeks. We evaluated three different scenarios of fetal growth against a reference group, which comprised appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses with appropriate forward-growth trajectory. The comparator growth trajectories were categorized as: Group 1, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses (estimated fetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) persistently < 10th centile) with appropriate forward growth; Group 2, fetuses with decreased growth trajectory (decrease of ≥ 50 centiles) and EFW or AC ≥ 10th centile (i.e. non-SGA) at their final ultrasound scan; and Group 3, fetuses with decreased growth trajectory and EFW or AC < 10th centile (i.e. SGA) at their final scan. The primary outcome was overall perinatal mortality (stillbirth or neonatal death). Secondary outcomes included stillbirth, delivery of a SGA infant, preterm birth, emergency Cesarean section for non-reassuring fetal status and composite severe neonatal morbidity. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS The final study cohort comprised 5319 pregnancies. Compared to the reference group, the adjusted odds of perinatal mortality were increased significantly in Group 2 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 4.00 (95% CI, 1.36-11.22)) and Group 3 (aOR, 7.71 (95% CI, 2.39-24.91)). Only Group 3 had increased odds of stillbirth (aOR, 5.69 (95% CI, 1.55-20.93)). In contrast, infants in Group 1 did not have significantly increased odds of demise. The odds of a SGA infant at birth were increased in all three groups compared with the reference group, but was highest in Group 1 (aOR, 111.86 (95% CI, 62.58-199.95)) and Group 3 (aOR, 40.63 (95% CI, 29.01-56.92)). In both groups, more than 80% of infants were born SGA and nearly half had a birth weight < 3rd centile. Likewise, the odds of preterm birth were increased in all three groups compared with the reference group, being highest in Group 3, with an aOR of 4.27 (95% CI, 3.23-5.64). Lastly, the odds of composite severe neonatal morbidity were increased in Groups 1 and 3, whereas the odds of emergency Cesarean section for non-reassuring fetal status were increased only in Group 3. CONCLUSION Assessing the fetal growth trajectory in the latter half of pregnancy can help identify infants at increased risk of perinatal mortality and birth weight < 3rd centile for gestation. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Larsen
- Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Krebs
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C E Hoei-Hansen
- Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Kumar
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Mater Mother's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Villa-Cueva A, Ochoa-Padilla M, Rodriguez-Montenegro MS, Lumbreras-Marquez MI, Acevedo-Gallegos S, Gallardo-Gaona JM, Copado-Mendoza Y. Abdominal circumference growth velocity as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age fetuses. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2262077. [PMID: 38015495 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2262077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the predictive value of abdominal circumference growth velocity (ACGV) between the second and third trimesters to predict adverse perinatal outcomes in a cohort of small-for-gestational-age fetuses without evidence of placental insufficiency (i.e. fetal growth restriction). MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of all singleton pregnancies with small-for-gestational-age fetuses diagnosed and delivered at a quaternary institution. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via logistic regression models to assess the potential association between abnormal ACGV (i.e. ≤10th centile) and adverse perinatal outcomes defined as a composite outcome (i.e. umbilical artery pH <7.1, 5-min Apgar score <7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, hypoglycemia, intrapartum fetal distress requiring expedited delivery, and perinatal death). Furthermore, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of three logistic regression models based on estimated fetal weight and ACGV for predicting the composite outcome is also reported. RESULTS A total of 154 pregnancies were included for analysis. The median birthweight for the cohort was 2,437 g (interquartile range [IQR] 2280, 2635). Overall, the primary composite outcome was relatively common (29.2%). In addition, there was a significant association between abnormal ACGV and adverse perinatal outcomes (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.60, 7.13; adjusted OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.77, 10.49). Likewise, the AUC for the ACGV was marginally higher (0.64) than the estimated fetal weight (0.54) and ACGV + estimated fetal weight (0.54). Still, no significant difference was detected between the curves (p = 0.297). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that an ACGV below the 10th centile is a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes among small-for-gestational-age fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Villa-Cueva
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Ochoa-Padilla
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mario I Lumbreras-Marquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Universidad Panamericana School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan M Gallardo-Gaona
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Copado-Mendoza
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Caradeux J, Ávila F, Vargas F, Fernández B, Winkler C, Mondión M, Rojas I, Figueras F. Fetal Growth Velocity according to the Mode of Assisted Conception. Fetal Diagn Ther 2023; 50:299-308. [PMID: 37307807 DOI: 10.1159/000531451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) are on the rise worldwide and have been associated with a higher risk of placental-related disease in the third trimester. METHODS A cohort was created of singleton pregnancies after assisted reproduction, admitted at our institution for delivery, between January 2020 and August 2022. Fetal growth velocity from the second trimester to delivery was compared against a gestational-age-matched group of pregnancies spontaneously conceived according to the origin of the selected oocyte (i.e., autologous vs. donated). RESULTS 125 singleton pregnancies conceived through ART were compared to 315 singleton spontaneous conceptions. Overall, after adjusting for possible confounders, multivariate analysis demonstrated that ART pregnancies had a significantly lower estimated fetal weight (EFW) z-velocity from the second trimester to delivery (adjusted mean difference = -0.002; p = 0.035) and a higher frequency of EFW z-velocity in the lowest decile (adjusted OR = 2.32 [95% CI, 1.15-4.68]). Also, when ART pregnancies were compared according to the type of oocyte, those conceived with donated oocytes showed a significantly lower EFW z-velocity from the second trimester to delivery (adjusted mean difference = -0.008; p = 0.001) and a higher frequency of EFW z-velocity in the lowest decile (adjusted OR = 5.33 [95% CI, 1.34-21.5]). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancies achieved through ART exhibit a pattern of lower growth velocity across the third trimester, especially those conceived with donated oocytes. The former represents a sub-group at the highest risk of placental dysfunction that may warrant closer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caradeux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Ávila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Vargas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
- Shady Groove Fertility, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Fernández
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Winkler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Iván Rojas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francesc Figueras
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bommarito PA, Cantonwine DE, Stevens DR, Welch BM, Davalos AD, Zhao S, McElrath TF, Ferguson KK. An application of group-based trajectory modeling to define fetal growth phenotypes among small-for-gestational-age births in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:334.e1-334.e21. [PMID: 36027952 PMCID: PMC9950285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in fetal growth are associated with adverse outcomes at birth and later in life. However, identifying fetuses with pathologically small growth remains challenging. Definitions of small-for-gestational age are often used as a proxy to identify those experiencing pathologic growth (ie, fetal growth restriction). However, this approach is subject to limitation as most newborns labeled small-for-gestational age are constitutionally, not pathologically, small. Incorporating repeated ultrasound measures to examine fetal growth trajectories may help distinguish pathologic deviations in growth from normal variability, beyond a simple definition of small-for-gestational age. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize phenotypes of growth using ultrasound trajectories of fetal growth among small-for-gestational-age births. STUDY DESIGN This study identified and described trajectories of fetal growth among small-for-gestational-age births (<10th percentile weight for gestational age; n=245) in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study using univariate and multivariate trajectory modeling approaches. Available ultrasound measures of fetal growth (estimated fetal weight, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length) from health records were abstracted. First, univariate group-based trajectory modeling was used to define trajectories of estimated fetal weight z scores during gestation. Second, group-based multi-trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectories based on concurrent measures of head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length z scores. Last, how these trajectories were related to patient demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and birth outcomes compared with those observed among appropriate-for-gestational-age controls was described. RESULTS Of note, 3 univariate trajectories of estimated fetal weight and 4 multivariate trajectories of fetal growth among small-for-gestational-age births were identified. In our univariate approach, infants with the smallest estimated fetal weight trajectory throughout pregnancy had poorer outcomes, including the highest risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission. The remaining univariate trajectory groups did not have an elevated risk of adverse birth outcomes relative to appropriate-for-gestational-age controls. In our multivariate approach, 2 groups at increased or moderately increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission were identified, including infants that remained extremely small for all parameters throughout pregnancy and those who had disproportionately smaller femur length and abdominal circumference compared with head circumference. The remaining multivariate trajectory groups did not have an elevated risk of adverse birth outcome relative to appropriate-for-gestational-age controls. CONCLUSION Latent class group-based trajectory modeling applied to ultrasound measures of fetal growth may help distinguish pathologic vs constitutional growth profiles among newborns born small-for-gestational age. Although trajectories cannot be fully characterized until delivery, limiting the direct clinical application of these methods, they may still contribute to the development of approaches for separating growth restriction from constitutional smallness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige A Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Danielle R Stevens
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Barrett M Welch
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Angel D Davalos
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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Meler E, Martinez-Portilla RJ, Caradeux J, Mazarico E, Gil-Armas C, Boada D, Martinez J, Carrillo P, Camacho M, Figueras F. Severe smallness as predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in suspected late small-for-gestational-age fetuses: systematic review and meta-analysis. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2022; 60:328-337. [PMID: 35748873 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the performance of severe smallness in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome among fetuses with suspected late-onset small-for-gestational age (SGA). METHODS A systematic search was performed to identify relevant studies in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Late-onset SGA was defined as estimated fetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) < 10th percentile diagnosed at or after 32 weeks' gestation, while severe SGA was defined as EFW or AC < 3rd percentile or < 2 SD. Random-effects modeling was used to generate hierarchical summary receiver-operating-characteristics (HSROC) curves. The performance of severe SGA (as a presumptive diagnosis) in predicting adverse perinatal outcome among singleton pregnancies with suspected late-onset SGA was expressed as area under the HSROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and positive/negative likelihood ratios. The association between suspected severe SGA and adverse perinatal outcome was also assessed by random-effects modeling using the Mantel-Haenszel method and presented as odds ratio (OR). The non-exposed group was defined as non-severe SGA (EFW ≥ 3rd centile). RESULTS Twelve cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The studies included a total of 3639 fetuses with suspected late-onset SGA, of which 1246 had suspected severe SGA. Significant associations were found between suspected severe SGA and composite adverse perinatal outcome (OR, 1.97 (95% CI, 1.33-2.92)), neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR, 2.87 (95% CI, 1.84-4.47)) and perinatal death (OR, 4.26 (95% CI, 1.07-16.93)). However, summary ROC curves showed limited performance of suspected severe SGA in predicting perinatal outcomes, with AUCs of 60.9%, 66.9%, 53.6%, 57.2%, 54.6% and 64.9% for composite adverse perinatal outcome, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal acidosis, Cesarean section for intrapartum fetal compromise, low Apgar score and perinatal death, respectively. CONCLUSION Although suspected severe SGA was associated with a higher risk of perinatal complications, it performed poorly as a standalone parameter in predicting adverse perinatal outcome. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Meler
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R J Martinez-Portilla
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Caradeux
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Mazarico
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gil-Armas
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- National Maternal Perinatal Institute, Lima, Peru
| | - D Boada
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Martinez
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Carrillo
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Camacho
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Figueras
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rizzo G, Mappa I, Bitsadze V, Khizroeva J, Makatsariya A, D'Antonio F. Administration of antenatal corticosteroid is associated with reduced fetal growth velocity: a longitudinal study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:2775-2780. [PMID: 32727233 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1800634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether antenatal administration of corticosteroids in pregnancies with threatened preterm labor affects growth velocity. METHODS A cohort of 262 pregnancies exposed to antenatal corticosteroids longitudinally studied and delivered from 36 weeks (cases) were compared to an unexposed group of 270 women (controls). METHODS Fetal growth was assessed analyzing the growth velocity of head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Growth velocity (GV) was calculated as the difference in the Z-score between the biometric measurements recorded at the time of steroids administration and at 36 week of gestation, divided by the time interval (expressed in days) between the two scans and multiplied by 100. Similarly, changes in the Pulsatility Index (PI) of uterine, umbilical (UA), middle cerebral (MCA) arteries and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) during the same time interval were also computed. RESULTS Median gestational age at steroid administration (30.2 weeks vs 30.4) and follow-up ultrasound (36.4 weeks vs 36.4) were similar between cases and controls. In pregnancies exposed to antenatal corticosteroids, growth velocity in the HC (-0.61 vs. 0.12; p ≤ 0.001), AC (-0.55 vs. -0.04; p ≤ 0.001) and EFW (-0.89 vs. 0.06; p ≤ 0.001) were lower when compared to pregnancies not exposed to steroid therapy, while there was no difference in the growth velocity of FL (-0.05 vs 0.19; p = .06) or in any of the Doppler parameters explored. CONCLUSION In pregnancies exposed to antenatal steroid therapy, there is a significant reduction in fetal growth velocity not otherwise associated with changes in cerebroplacental Dopplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rizzo
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Ospedale Cristo Re Roma, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Moscow, The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russia
| | - Ilenia Mappa
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Ospedale Cristo Re Roma, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - Victoria Bitsadze
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Ospedale Cristo Re Roma, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Moscow, The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russia
| | - Jamilya Khizroeva
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Ospedale Cristo Re Roma, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Moscow, The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russia
| | - Alexander Makatsariya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Moscow, The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russia
| | - Francesco D'Antonio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Foggia, Università di Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Perinatal Adverse Effects in Newborns with Estimated Loss of Weight Percentile between the Third Trimester Ultrasound and Delivery. The GROWIN Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204643. [PMID: 34682766 PMCID: PMC8537032 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction has been associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs). We determined the importance of fetal growth detention (FGD) in late gestation for the occurrence of APOs in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns. For this purpose, we analyzed a retrospective cohort study of 1067 singleton pregnancies. The newborns with higher APOs were SGA non-FGD and SGA FGD in 40.9% and 31.5% of cases, respectively, and we found an association between SGA non-FGD and any APO (OR 2.61; 95% CI: 1.35–4.99; p = 0.004). We did not find an increased APO risk in AGA FGD newborns (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.59; p = 0.483), except for cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal status (NRFS) with a decrease in percentile cutoff greater than 40 (RR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.11–5.21) and 50 (RR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.14–7.54). Conclusions: Newborns with the highest probability of APOs are SGA non-FGDs. AGA FGD newborns do not have a higher incidence of APOs than AGA non-FGDs, although with falls in percentile cutoff over 40, they have an increased risk of cesarean section due to NRFS. Further studies are warranted to detect these newborns who would benefit from close surveillance in late gestation and at delivery.
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Rizzo G, Mappa I, Maqina P, Bitsadze V, Khizroeva J, Makatsarya A, D’Antonio F. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second half of pregnancy on fetal growth and hemodynamics: A prospective study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1034-1039. [PMID: 33604901 PMCID: PMC8013660 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to compare the fetal growth velocity and fetal hemodynamics in pregnancies complicated and in those not complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective case-control study of consecutive pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second half of pregnancy matched with unaffected women. The z scores of head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight were compared between the two groups. Fetal growth was assessed by analyzing the growth velocity of head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight between the second- and third-trimester scans. Similarly, changes in the pulsatility index of uterine, umbilical, and middle cerebral arteries, and their ratios were compared between the two study groups. RESULTS Forty-nine consecutive pregnancies complicated, and 98 not complicated, by SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. General baseline and pregnancy characteristics were similar between pregnant women with and those without SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was no difference in head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and estimated fetal weight z scores between pregnancies complicated and those not complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection at both the second- and third-trimester scans. Likewise, there was no difference in the growth velocity of all these body parameters between the two study groups. Finally, there was no difference in the pulsatility index of both maternal and fetal Doppler scans throughout gestation between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection are not at higher risk of developing fetal growth restriction through impaired placental function. The findings from this study do not support a policy of increased fetal surveillance in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rizzo
- Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineOspedale Cristo ReUniversità di Roma Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Ilenia Mappa
- Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineOspedale Cristo ReUniversità di Roma Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Pavjola Maqina
- Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineOspedale Cristo ReUniversità di Roma Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Victoria Bitsadze
- Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineOspedale Cristo ReUniversità di Roma Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Jamilya Khizroeva
- Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineOspedale Cristo ReUniversità di Roma Tor VergataRomeItaly
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Alexander Makatsarya
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
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Pacora P, Romero R, Jung E, Gudicha DW, Hernandez-Andrade E, Musilova I, Kacerovsky M, Jaiman S, Erez O, Hsu CD, Tarca AL. Reduced fetal growth velocity precedes antepartum fetal death. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 57:942-952. [PMID: 32936481 PMCID: PMC9651138 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether decreased fetal growth velocity precedes antepartum fetal death and to evaluate whether fetal growth velocity is a better predictor of antepartum fetal death compared to a single fetal biometric measurement at the last available ultrasound scan prior to diagnosis of demise. METHODS This was a retrospective, longitudinal study of 4285 singleton pregnancies in African-American women who underwent at least two fetal ultrasound examinations between 14 and 32 weeks of gestation and delivered a liveborn neonate (controls; n = 4262) or experienced antepartum fetal death (cases; n = 23). Fetal death was defined as death diagnosed at ≥ 20 weeks of gestation and confirmed by ultrasound examination. Exclusion criteria included congenital anomaly, birth at < 20 weeks of gestation, multiple gestation and intrapartum fetal death. The ultrasound examination performed at the time of fetal demise was not included in the analysis. Percentiles for estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual biometric parameters were determined according to the Hadlock and Perinatology Research Branch/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (PRB/NICHD) fetal growth standards. Fetal growth velocity was defined as the slope of the regression line of the measurement percentiles as a function of gestational age based on two or more measurements in each pregnancy. RESULTS Cases had significantly lower growth velocities of EFW (P < 0.001) and of fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length (all P < 0.05) compared to controls, according to the PRB/NICHD and Hadlock growth standards. Fetuses with EFW growth velocity < 10th percentile of the controls had a 9.4-fold and an 11.2-fold increased risk of antepartum death, based on the Hadlock and customized PRB/NICHD standards, respectively. At a 10% false-positive rate, the sensitivity of EFW growth velocity for predicting antepartum fetal death was 56.5%, compared to 26.1% for a single EFW percentile evaluation at the last available ultrasound examination, according to the customized PRB/NICHD standard. CONCLUSIONS Given that 74% of antepartum fetal death cases were not diagnosed as small-for-gestational age (EFW < 10th percentile) at the last ultrasound examination when the fetuses were alive, alternative approaches are needed to improve detection of fetuses at risk of fetal death. Longitudinal sonographic evaluation to determine growth velocity doubles the sensitivity for prediction of antepartum fetal death compared to a single EFW measurement at the last available ultrasound examination, yet the performance is still suboptimal. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dereje W. Gudicha
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edgar Hernandez-Andrade
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ivana Musilova
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marian Kacerovsky
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sunil Jaiman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Melamed N, Baschat A, Yinon Y, Athanasiadis A, Mecacci F, Figueras F, Berghella V, Nazareth A, Tahlak M, McIntyre HD, Da Silva Costa F, Kihara AB, Hadar E, McAuliffe F, Hanson M, Ma RC, Gooden R, Sheiner E, Kapur A, Divakar H, Ayres‐de‐Campos D, Hiersch L, Poon LC, Kingdom J, Romero R, Hod M. FIGO (international Federation of Gynecology and obstetrics) initiative on fetal growth: best practice advice for screening, diagnosis, and management of fetal growth restriction. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 152 Suppl 1:3-57. [PMID: 33740264 PMCID: PMC8252743 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of the fetus to meet its growth potential due to a pathological factor, most commonly placental dysfunction. Worldwide, FGR is a leading cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and short- and long-term morbidity. Ongoing advances in clinical care, especially in definitions, diagnosis, and management of FGR, require efforts to effectively translate these changes to the wide range of obstetric care providers. This article highlights agreements based on current research in the diagnosis and management of FGR, and the areas that need more research to provide further clarification of recommendations. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive summary of available evidence along with practical recommendations concerning the care of pregnancies at risk of or complicated by FGR, with the overall goal to decrease the risk of stillbirth and neonatal mortality and morbidity associated with this condition. To achieve these goals, FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) brought together international experts to review and summarize current knowledge of FGR. This summary is directed at multiple stakeholders, including healthcare providers, healthcare delivery organizations and providers, FIGO member societies, and professional organizations. Recognizing the variation in the resources and expertise available for the management of FGR in different countries or regions, this article attempts to take into consideration the unique aspects of antenatal care in low-resource settings (labelled “LRS” in the recommendations). This was achieved by collaboration with authors and FIGO member societies from low-resource settings such as India, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Melamed
- Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Ahmet Baschat
- Center for Fetal TherapyDepartment of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Yoav Yinon
- Fetal Medicine UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologySheba Medical CenterTel‐HashomerSackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Apostolos Athanasiadis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Federico Mecacci
- Maternal Fetal Medicine UnitDivision of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesc Figueras
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine DepartmentBarcelona Clinic HospitalUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Division of Maternal‐Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Amala Nazareth
- Jumeira Prime Healthcare GroupEmirates Medical AssociationDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Tahlak
- Latifa Hospital for Women and ChildrenDubai Health AuthorityEmirates Medical AssociationMohammad Bin Rashid University for Medical Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Fabrício Da Silva Costa
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsRibeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Anne B. Kihara
- African Federation of Obstetricians and GynaecologistsKhartoumSudan
| | - Eran Hadar
- Helen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical CenterPetach TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Fionnuala McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research CentreSchool of MedicineNational Maternity HospitalUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Mark Hanson
- Institute of Developmental SciencesUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Ronald C. Ma
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and ObesityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Rachel Gooden
- FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics)LondonUK
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Soroka University Medical CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBe’er‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Anil Kapur
- World Diabetes FoundationBagsværdDenmark
| | | | | | - Liran Hiersch
- Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of MedicineLis Maternity HospitalTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Liona C. Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Kingdom
- Division of Maternal Fetal MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyMount Sinai HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research BranchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Moshe Hod
- Helen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical CenterPetach TikvaIsrael
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Cao ZJ, Zhao Y, Wang SM, Zhang DL, Zhou YC, Liu WN, Yang YY, Hua J. Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and fetal growth: a cohort study from a velocity perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128404. [PMID: 33182127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced growth velocity before birth increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in adult life. However, until recently, there has been a lack of studies demonstrating the impact of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on fetal growth velocity. METHODS The current study was embedded in a previous cohort built between January 1, 2014, and April 30, 2015, in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, China, in 6129 eligible singleton pregnancies. The PM2.5 concentration was estimated by an inverse distance weighted method according to the residential addresses of the participants. Repeated fetal biometry measurements, including head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and biparietal diameter (BPD), were measured through ultrasound between 14 and 41 gestational weeks. A principal component analysis through conditional expectation for sparse longitudinal data was used to estimate the corresponding velocities. RESULTS A total of 22782 ultrasound measurements were conducted among 6129 participants with a median of 2 and a maximum of 9 measurements. With each 10 μg/m3 increase in cumulative PM2.5 exposure, the velocity of HC, AC FL and BPD decreased by 0.12 mm/week, 0.17 mm/week, 0.02 mm/week and 0.02 mm/week, respectively, on average. The results of the Generalized Functional Concurrent Model showed that the velocity decreased significantly with PM2.5 exposure between 22 and 32 gestational weeks, which might be the potential sensitive exposure window. CONCLUSIONS There are negative associations between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and fetal growth velocity, and the late second trimester and early third trimester might be the potential sensitive window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Cao
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong-Lan Zhang
- The Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA.
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- The Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Na Liu
- The Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Hua
- The Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Price CR, Roeckner J, Odibo L, Odibo A. Comparing fetal biometric growth velocity versus estimated fetal weight for prediction of neonatal small for gestational age. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:3931-3936. [PMID: 33172312 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1844652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth velocities derived from fetal biometrics have been proposed to improve prediction of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. We sought to determine if ultrasound growth velocities for abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) improve the prediction of SGA infants when compared to using EFW alone. STUDY DESIGN This is a secondary analysis from a prospective study of women referred for growth ultrasounds during the third trimester. Growth velocities for AC and EFW were derived from the difference in Z-scores between measurements at the anatomy survey (18-22 weeks gestation) and later growth ultrasound (26-36 weeks gestation). Change in AC and EFW growth velocities <10th percentile were compared with prenatally suspected SGA from Hadlock EFW <10th percentile for prediction of SGA neonates. The primary outcome was defined as the sensitivity and specificity of the growth velocities and Hadlock EFW in predicting SGA neonates. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine if the growth velocities improved prediction of neonatal SGA. Area under the ROC curves (AUC) were determined and compared. RESULTS Of 612 singleton pregnancies meeting inclusion criteria, 68 (11.1%) resulted in SGA neonates. Hadlock EFW <10th percentile had higher sensitivity and specificity when compared to AC growth velocity and EFW growth velocity. Only AC growth velocity and Hadlock EFW had significant odds ratios for association with neonatal SGA. The AUC were 0.54, 0.53, and 0.61 using AC growth velocity, EFW growth velocity, and Hadlock EFW, respectively. The AUC did not significantly improve when the growth velocities were combined with Hadlock EFW (0.63). Adjustment of Z-scores for gestational age at anatomy scan or third trimester growth scan did not significantly change these results (AUC = 0.69). CONCLUSION EFW determined by Hadlock formula has the highest predictive value in detecting SGA neonates when compared to both AC and EFW growth velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corley Rachelle Price
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jared Roeckner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Linda Odibo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anthony Odibo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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13
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Kalafat E, Ozturk E, Sivanathan J, Thilaganathan B, Khalil A. Longitudinal change in cerebroplacental ratio in small-for-gestational-age fetuses and risk of stillbirth. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 54:492-499. [PMID: 30549126 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether assessment of longitudinal change in Doppler variables in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses improves the prediction of those at risk of stillbirth. METHODS This was a longitudinal study of two cohorts of singleton pregnancies, which included SGA and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetuses, respectively. The inclusion criteria for the SGA cohort were singleton pregnancy at ≥ 20 weeks' gestation, classified as SGA (estimated fetal weight < 10th centile). The AGA cohort consisted of singleton pregnancies deemed at high risk of being SGA, which were followed up longitudinally but remained AGA. Fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI) and umbilical artery (UA)-PI were measured longitudinally and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) was calculated, and values were converted to multiples of the median. The last two measurements prior to delivery were included in the analysis. Longitudinal models for Doppler variables were developed using linear-mixed models and their accuracy in the prediction of stillbirth was tested using generalized linear models. A Bayesian framework was employed to compare the accuracy of longitudinal and standard (last-scan measurement) models. RESULTS In total, 1549 AGA and 941 SGA pregnancies were included in the analysis. There were 30 (3.2%) and no stillbirth cases in the SGA and AGA groups, respectively. Change in MCA-PI, UA-PI and CPR with advancing gestation was significantly different between liveborn AGA and SGA fetuses, with a less pronounced difference with advancing gestation. Using the last measurement, the best models for the prediction of stillbirth in SGA pregnancies were those based on CPR (accuracy, 75.0%; 95% CI, 72.6-77.2%) and UA-PI (accuracy, 71.0%; 95% CI, 68.6-73.4%). The posterior probability of the standard CPR model having a higher accuracy compared with the UA-PI model was 97.2% (magnitude of change (MC), 3.9%; 95% credible interval (CrI), 0.5-7.3%). The accuracies of the standard, compared with the longitudinal, models for UA-PI (71.0% vs 72.8%), MCA-PI (64.6% vs 63.8%) and CPR (75.0% vs 74.9%) in the prediction of stillbirth were not significantly different. The posterior probabilities for improvement in accuracy using longitudinal, compared with standard, assessment were 50.1% (MC, < 0.1%; 95% CrI, -3.3 to 3.3%), 35.2% (MC, -0.1%; 95% CrI, -4.5 to 2.8%) and 82.2% (MC, 1.9%; 95% CrI, -1.5 to 5.3%) for CPR, MCA-PI and UA-PI models, respectively. Therefore, change in Doppler parameters did not improve the accuracy of the prediction of stillbirth, compared with that of the last-scan measurement. CONCLUSION Longitudinal assessment of Doppler parameters was not useful in improving the detection of stillbirth in SGA pregnancies, as compared with a single-point assessment. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kalafat
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Ozturk
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - J Sivanathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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14
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Ciobanu A, Anthoulakis C, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonates at 35-37 weeks' gestation: contribution of maternal factors and growth velocity between 32 and 36 weeks. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 53:630-637. [PMID: 30912210 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the additive value of fetal growth velocity between 32 and 36 weeks' gestation to the performance of ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation for prediction of delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate and adverse perinatal outcome. METHODS This was a prospective study of 14 497 singleton pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 30 + 0 to 34 + 6 and at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether addition of growth velocity, defined as the difference in EFW Z-score or abdominal circumference (AC) Z-score between the early and late third-trimester scans divided by the time interval between the scans, improved the performance of EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks in the prediction of, first, delivery of a SGA neonate with birth weight < 10th and < 3rd percentiles within 2 weeks and at any stage after assessment and, second, a composite of adverse perinatal outcome, defined as stillbirth, neonatal death or admission to the neonatal unit for ≥ 48 h. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that significant contributors to the prediction of a SGA neonate were EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation, fetal growth velocity, by either AC Z-score or EFW Z-score, and maternal risk factors. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) and detection rate (DR), at a 10% screen-positive rate, for prediction of a SGA neonate < 10th percentile born within 2 weeks after assessment achieved by EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks (AUC, 0.938 (95% CI, 0.928-0.947); DR, 80.7% (95% CI, 77.6-83.9%)) were not significantly improved by addition of EFW growth velocity and maternal risk factors (AUC, 0.941 (95% CI, 0.932-0.950); P = 0.061; DR, 82.5% (95% CI, 79.4-85.3%)). Similar results were obtained when growth velocity was defined by AC rather than EFW. Similarly, there was no significant improvement in the AUC and DR, at a 10% screen-positive rate, for prediction of a SGA neonate < 10th percentile born at any stage after assessment or a SGA neonate < 3rd percentile born within 2 weeks or at any stage after assessment, achieved by EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks by addition of maternal factors and either EFW growth velocity or AC growth velocity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the only significant contributor to adverse perinatal outcome was maternal risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis in the group with EFW < 10th percentile demonstrated that significant contribution to prediction of delivery of a neonate with birth weight < 10th and < 3rd percentiles and adverse perinatal outcome was provided by EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks, but not by AC growth velocity < 1st decile. CONCLUSION The predictive performance of EFW at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation for delivery of a SGA neonate and adverse perinatal outcome is not improved by addition of estimated growth velocity between 32 and 36 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ciobanu
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Anthoulakis
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
| | - A Syngelaki
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Akolekar
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Chatham, UK
| | - K H Nicolaides
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Ciobanu A, Formuso C, Syngelaki A, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonates at 35-37 weeks' gestation: contribution of maternal factors and growth velocity between 20 and 36 weeks. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 53:488-495. [PMID: 30779239 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of ultrasonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation in the prediction of delivery of a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate and assess the additive value of, first, maternal risk factors and, second, fetal growth velocity between 20 and 36 weeks' gestation in improving such prediction. METHODS This was a prospective study of 44 043 singleton pregnancies undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 19 + 0 to 23 + 6 and at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether addition of maternal risk factors and growth velocity, the latter defined as the difference in EFW Z-score or fetal abdominal circumference (AC) Z-score between the third- and second-trimester scans divided by the time interval between the scans, improved the performance of EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks in the prediction of delivery of a SGA neonate with birth weight < 10th and < 3rd percentiles within 2 weeks and at any stage after assessment. RESULTS Screening by EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation predicted 63.4% (95% CI, 62.0-64.7%) of neonates with birth weight < 10th percentile and 74.2% (95% CI, 72.2-76.1%) of neonates with birth weight < 3rd percentile born at any stage after assessment, at a screen-positive rate of 10%. The respective values for SGA neonates born within 2 weeks after assessment were 76.8% (95% CI, 74.4-79.0%) and 81.3% (95% CI, 78.2-84.0%). For a desired 90% detection rate of SGA neonate delivered at any stage after assessment, the necessary screen-positive rate would be 33.7% for SGA < 10th percentile and 24.4% for SGA < 3rd percentile. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, in the prediction of a SGA neonate with birth weight < 10th and < 3rd percentiles, there was a significant contribution from EFW Z-score at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation, maternal risk factors and AC growth velocity, but not EFW growth velocity. However, the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve for prediction of delivery of a SGA neonate by screening with maternal risk factors and EFW Z-score was not improved by addition of AC growth velocity. CONCLUSION Screening for SGA neonates by EFW at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation and use of the 10th percentile as the cut-off predicts 63% of affected neonates. Prediction of 90% of SGA neonates necessitates classification of about 35% of the population as being screen positive. The predictive performance of EFW is not improved by addition of estimated growth velocity between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ciobanu
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Formuso
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Syngelaki
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Akolekar
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Chatham, UK
| | - K H Nicolaides
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Doulaveris G, Gallagher P, Romney E, Richley M, Gebb J, Rosner M, Dar P. Fetal abdominal circumference in the second trimester and prediction of small for gestational age at birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 33:2415-2421. [PMID: 30482067 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1554039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Infants that are small for gestational age (SGA) at birth are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the antenatal prediction of SGA is suboptimal.Objectives: We sought to: (1) examine the association between second trimester fetal abdominal circumference < 10% (2T-AClag) with SGA and other gestational and neonatal adverse outcomes; (2) assess 2T-AClag as a predictor of SGA.Study design: Retrospective study of 212 singleton gestations with 2T-AClag on routine ultrasound between 18-24 weeks. The study group was compared to 424 gestations without 2T-AClag for maternal characteristics as well as pregnancy and neonatal adverse outcomes. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictive value of 2T-AClag for SGA, adjusting for maternal and pregnancy characteristics. The screening model accuracy was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) less than the 10th percentile.Results: Gestations with 2T-AClag had higher rates of SGA (35.7 versus 11.6%, p < .0001), FGR (17 versus 1.7%, p < .0001), pregnancy induced hypertension (31.1 versus 17%, p < .0001), preeclampsia (14.6 versus 7.8%, 0 = 0.01), abnormal umbilical artery Doppler (30 versus 5.1%, p < .0001), indicated preterm birth (5.7 versus 1.9%, p = .01), primary cesarean birth (29.6 versus 20.1%, p = .01) and NICU admission (12.9 versus 6.4%, p = .009). After adjusting for maternal and gestational risk factors, 2T-AClag remained an independent risk factor for SGA (OR 4.53, 95%CI 2.91-7.05, p < .0001) and FGR (OR 11.57, 95%CI 5.02-26.65, p < .0001). The inclusion of 2T-AClag in a regression model with traditional risk factors, significantly improved the model's predictability for SGA and FGR (area under ROC curve increased from 0.618 to 0.723 and 0.653 to 0.819, respectively, p < .0001).Conclusions: Second trimester abdominal circumference (AC) lag is associated with an increased risk of SGA, FGR and other adverse outcomes. The inclusion of 2T-AClag in a screening model for prediction of SGA and FGR may improve the identification of this at-risk group and assist in customizing surveillance plans.Brief rationaleScreening for newborns that are small for gestational age (SGA) at birth is currently suboptimal. Our study shows that second trimester abdominal circumference (AC) lag, using a parameter already routinely assessed during anatomic survey, is associated with SGA at birth and can improve current screening for growth restriction and other gestational, fetal and neonatal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Doulaveris
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patience Gallagher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Romney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Richley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliana Gebb
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mara Rosner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pe'er Dar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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