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Martínez-Puchol S, Tarradas-Alemany M, Mejías-Molina C, Itarte M, Rusiñol M, Baliellas J, Abasolo N, Canela N, Monastiri A, López-Roig M, Serra-Cobo J, Abril JF, Bofill-Mas S. Target enrichment metaviromics enables comprehensive surveillance of coronaviruses in environmental and animal samples. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31556. [PMID: 38845944 PMCID: PMC11153099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of understanding the role of animals in the transmission of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their impact on human health. A One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health, is essential for effective CoVs control. Next-generation sequencing has played a pivotal role in identifying and monitoring the evolution of novel CoVs strains, like SARS-CoV-2. However, viral occurrence and diversity studies in environmental and animal samples are challenging because of the complexity of viral communities and low abundance of viruses in these samples. Target enrichment sequencing (TES) has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating viral families in challenging samples. This approach involves the specific capture and enrichment of viral genomes using sequence-specific probes, thereby enhancing the efficiency of detection and characterization. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a TES panel to study CoVs in various complex environmental and animal derived samples. The results demonstrated the panel's effectiveness in capturing and sequencing a wide diversity of CoVs providing valuable insights into their abundance and host diversity in urban wastewater, farm animal corpses lixiviates and bat guano samples. In sewage samples, CoVs were detected solely when TES was employed while in guano samples, sequencing of CoVs species was achieved in 2 out of 4 samples showing an almost three-logarithmic increase in the number of reads obtained in comparison with the untargeted approach. For animal lixiviates, only the TES application enabled the acquisition of CoVs reads. The information obtained can significantly contribute to early detection, surveillance, and control measures for CoVs, including viral discovery and potential spillover events. Additionally, this sequencing panel shows potential for studying other significant viral families and monitoring viral diversity in different animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Puchol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Vicerectorat de Recerca. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Tarradas-Alemany
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Computational Genomics Lab, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mejías-Molina
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Itarte
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Nerea Abasolo
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Abir Monastiri
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBiO), Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc López-Roig
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBiO), Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Serra-Cobo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBiO), Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep F. Abril
- Computational Genomics Lab, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Departament de Genètica. Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Ma Y, Shi K, Chen Z, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Mo S, Wei H, Hu L, Mo M. Simultaneous Detection of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Swine Influenza Virus, and Pseudorabies Virus via Quadruplex One-Step RT-qPCR. Pathogens 2024; 13:341. [PMID: 38668296 PMCID: PMC11054806 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCoV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are significant viruses causing respiratory diseases in pigs. Sick pigs exhibit similar clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, and dyspnea, making it very difficult to accurately differentially diagnose these diseases on site. In this study, a quadruplex one-step reverse-transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for the detection of PRCoV, PRRSV, SIV, and PRV was established. The assay showed strong specificity, high sensitivity, and good repeatability. It could detect only PRCoV, PRRSV, SIV, and PRV, without cross-reactions with TGEV, PEDV, PRoV, ASFV, FMDV, PCV2, PDCoV, and CSFV. The limits of detection (LODs) for PRCoV, PRRSV, SIV, and PRV were 129.594, 133.205, 139.791, and 136.600 copies/reaction, respectively. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 0.29% to 1.89%. The established quadruplex RT-qPCR was used to test 4909 clinical specimens, which were collected in Guangxi Province, China, from July 2022 to September 2023. PRCoV, PRRSV, SIV, and PRV showed positivity rates of 1.36%, 10.17%, 4.87%, and 0.84%, respectively. In addition, the previously reported RT-qPCR was also used to test these specimens, and the agreement between these methods was higher than 99.43%. The established quadruplex RT-qPCR can accurately detect these four porcine respiratory viruses simultaneously, providing an accurate and reliable detection technique for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China; (Q.Z.); (S.M.); (H.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yuwen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qingan Zhou
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China; (Q.Z.); (S.M.); (H.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Shenglan Mo
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China; (Q.Z.); (S.M.); (H.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Haina Wei
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China; (Q.Z.); (S.M.); (H.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Liping Hu
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China; (Q.Z.); (S.M.); (H.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (Y.S.)
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Contrant M, Bigault L, Andraud M, Desdouits M, Rocq S, Le Guyader FS, Blanchard Y. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Surrogate for Coronavirus Decay Measurement in French Coastal Waters and Contribution to Coronavirus Risk Evaluation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0184423. [PMID: 37395665 PMCID: PMC10433961 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01844-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in infected patients mainly displays pulmonary and oronasal tropism; however, the presence of the virus has also been demonstrated in the stools of patients and consequently in wastewater treatment plant effluents, raising the question of the potential risk of environmental contamination (such as seawater contamination) through inadequately treated wastewater spillover into surface or coastal waters even if the environmental detection of viral RNA alone does not substantiate risk of infection. Therefore, here, we decided to experimentally evaluate the persistence of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv), considered as a coronavirus representative model, in the coastal environment of France. Coastal seawater was collected, sterile-filtered, and inoculated with PEDv before incubation for 0 to 4 weeks at four temperatures representative of those measured along the French coasts throughout the year (4, 8, 15, and 24°C). The decay rate of PEDv was determined using mathematical modeling and was used to determine the half-life of the virus along the French coast in accordance with temperatures from 2000 to 2021. We experimentally observed an inverse correlation between seawater temperature and the persistence of infectious viruses in seawater and confirm that the risk of transmission of infectious viruses from contaminated stool in wastewater to seawater during recreational practices is very limited. The present work represents a good model to assess the persistence of coronaviruses in coastal environments and contributes to risk evaluation, not only for SARS-CoV-2 persistence, but also for other coronaviruses, specifically enteric coronaviruses from livestock. IMPORTANCE The present work addresses the question of the persistence of coronavirus in marine environments because SARS-CoV-2 is regularly detected in wastewater treatment plants, and the coastal environment, subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressure and the final receiver of surface waters and sometimes insufficiently depurated wastewater, is particularly at risk. The problem also arises in the possibility of soil contamination by CoV from animals, especially livestock, during manure application, where, by soil impregnation and runoff, these viruses can end up in seawater. Our findings are of interest to researchers and authorities seeking to monitor coronaviruses in the environment, either in tourist areas or in regions of the world where centralized systems for wastewater treatment are not implemented, and more broadly, to the scientific community involved in "One Health" approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Contrant
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Lionel Bigault
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Mathieu Andraud
- Epidemiology, Animal Health and Welfare Unit (EPISABE), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Marion Desdouits
- Ifremer, laboratoire de Microbiologie, SG2M/LSEM, BP 21105, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Rocq
- Ifremer, laboratoire de Microbiologie, SG2M/LSEM, BP 21105, Nantes, France
| | | | - Yannick Blanchard
- Viral Genetics and Biosecurity Unit (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
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Yang Y, Guo L, Lu H. Emerging infectious diseases never end: The fight continues. Biosci Trends 2023:2023.01104. [PMID: 37331800 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases have accompanied the development of human society while causing great harm to humans, and SARS-CoV-2 was only one in the long list of microbial threats. Many viruses have existed in their natural reservoirs for a very long time, and the spillover of viruses from natural hosts to humans via interspecies transmission serves as the main source of emerging infectious diseases. Widely existing viruses capable of utilizing human receptors to infect human cells in animals signal the possible outbreak of another viral infection in the near future. Extensive and close collaborative surveillance across nations, more effective wildlife trade legislation, and robust investment into applied and basic research will help to combat the possible pandemics of new emerging infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Duan Y, Yuan C, Suo X, Li Y, Shi L, Cao L, Kong X, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Wang Q. Bat-Origin Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Is Lethal to Neonatal Mice. J Virol 2023; 97:e0019023. [PMID: 36877051 PMCID: PMC10062167 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00190-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for diverse coronaviruses, including swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). SADS-CoV has been reported to have broad cell tropism and inherent potential to cross host species barriers for dissemination. We rescued synthetic wild-type SADS-CoV using one-step assembly of a viral cDNA clone by homologous recombination in yeast. Furthermore, we characterized SADS-CoV replication in vitro and in neonatal mice. We found that SADS-CoV caused severe watery diarrhea, weight loss, and a 100% fatality rate in 7- and 14-day-old mice after intracerebral infection. We also detected SADS-CoV-specific N protein in the brain, lungs, spleen, and intestines of infected mice. Furthermore, SADS-CoV infection triggers excessive cytokine expression that encompasses a broad array of proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), interferon beta (IFN-β), IFN-γ, and IFN-λ3. This study highlights the importance of identifying neonatal mice as a model for developing vaccines or antiviral drugs against SADS-CoV infection. IMPORTANCE SADS-CoV is the documented spillover of a bat coronavirus that causes severe disease in pigs. Pigs are in frequent contact with both humans and other animals and theoretically possess a greater chance, compared to many other species, of promoting cross-species viral transmission. SADS-CoV has been reported to have broad cell tropism and inherent potential to cross host species barriers for dissemination. Animal models are an essential feature of the vaccine design toolkit. Compared with neonatal piglets, the mouse is small, making it an economical choice for animal models for SADS-CoV vaccine design. This study showed the pathology of neonatal mice infected with SADS-CoV, which should be very useful for vaccine and antiviral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Duan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuepeng Suo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
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Zhou Q, Luo Y, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Qiu J, Cong F, Li Y, Zhang X. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nucleotide analog GS-441524 conjugates with potent in vivo efficacy against coronaviruses. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115113. [PMID: 36706621 PMCID: PMC9830933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) infect a broad range of hosts, including humans and various animals, with a tendency to cross the species barrier, causing severe harm to human society and fostering the need for effective anti-coronaviral drugs. GS-441524 is a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside with potent anti-CoVs activities. However, its application is limited by poor oral bioavailability. Herein, we designed and synthesized several conjugates via covalently binding NSAIDs to 5'-OH of GS-441524 through ester bonds. The ibuprofen conjugate, ATV041, exhibited potent in vitro anti-coronaviral efficacy against four zoonotic coronaviruses in the alpha- and beta-genera. Oral-dosed ATV041 resulted in favorable bioavailability and rapid tissue distribution of GS-441524 and ibuprofen. In MHV-A59 infected mice, ATV041 dose-dependently decreased viral RNA replication and significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and the lung at 3 dpi. As a result, the MHV-A59-induced lung and liver inflammatory injury was significantly alleviated. Taken together, this work provides a novel drug conjugate strategy to improve oral PK and offers a potent anti-coronaviral lead compound for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yinzhu Luo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Yujun Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China
| | - Qishu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Jingfei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510663, China.
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Medi-X Pingshan, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Bovine Coronavirus Infection among Dairy Cattle and Water Buffalo in Campania Region, Southern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050772. [PMID: 36899629 PMCID: PMC10000194 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle and water buffalo are the main livestock species that are raised in the Campania region, southern Italy, and they contribute significantly to the regional rural economy. Currently there are limited data on the prevalence of relevant impact infections, such as bovine coronavirus (BCov), an RNA virus that causes acute enteric and respiratory disease. Although these diseases are described primarily in cattle, there have been reports of spillovers to other ruminants, including water buffalo. Here, we determined the seroprevalence of BCoV in cattle and water buffalo in the Campania region of southern Italy. An overall seroprevalence of 30.8% was determined after testing 720 sampled animals with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A risk factor analysis revealed that the seropositivity rates in cattle (49.2%) were higher than in water buffalo (5.3%). In addition, higher seroprevalence rates were observed in older and purchased animals. In cattle, housing type and location were not associated with higher seroprevalence. The presence of BCoV antibodies in water buffalo was associated with the practice of co-inhabiting with cattle, demonstrating that this practice is incorrect and promotes the transmission of pathogens between different species. Our study found a considerable seroprevalence, which is consistent with previous research from other countries. Our results provide information on the widespread distribution of this pathogen as well as the risk factors that are involved in its transmission. This information could be useful in the control and surveillance of this infection.
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Savard C, Provost C, Ariel O, Morin S, Fredrickson R, Gagnon CA, Broes A, Wang L. First report and genomic characterization of a bovine-like coronavirus causing enteric infection in an odd-toed non-ruminant species (Indonesian tapir, Acrocodia indica) during an outbreak of winter dysentery in a zoo. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3056-3065. [PMID: 34427399 PMCID: PMC8943714 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is associated with three distinct clinical syndromes in cattle that is, neonatal diarrhoea, haemorrhagic diarrhoea in adults (the so-called winter dysentery syndrome, WD) and respiratory infections in cattle of different ages. In addition, bovine-like CoVs have been detected in various species including domestic and wild ruminants. However, bovine-like CoVs have not been reported so far in odd-toed ungulates. We describe an outbreak of WD associated with a bovine-like CoV affecting several captive wild ungulates, including Indonesian tapirs (Acrocodia indica) an odd-toed ungulate species (Perissodactyla) which, with even-toed ungulates species (Artiodactyla) form the clade Euungulata. Genomic characterization of the CoV revealed that it was closely related to BCoVs previously reported in America. This case illustrates the adaptability of bovine-like CoVs to new species and the necessity of continued surveillance of bovine-like CoVs in various species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantale Provost
- Molecular diagnostic laboratory, Centre de diagnostic vétérinaire de l’Université de Montréal (CDVUM), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Morin
- Bureau vétérinaire Iberville, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Fredrickson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carl A. Gagnon
- Molecular diagnostic laboratory, Centre de diagnostic vétérinaire de l’Université de Montréal (CDVUM), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - André Broes
- Biovet Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Hogerwerf L, Post PM, Bom B, van der Hoek W, van de Kassteele J, Stemerding AM, de Vries W, Houthuijs D. Proximity to livestock farms and COVID-19 in the Netherlands, 2020-2021. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 245:114022. [PMID: 35987164 PMCID: PMC9376334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In the Netherlands, during the first phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, the hotspot of COVID-19 overlapped with the country's main livestock area, while in subsequent phases this distinct spatial pattern disappeared. Previous studies show that living near livestock farms influence human respiratory health and immunological responses. This study aimed to explore whether proximity to livestock was associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The study population was the population of the Netherlands excluding the very strongly urbanised areas and border areas, on January 1, 2019 (12, 628, 244 individuals). The cases are the individuals reported with a laboratory-confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 test with onset before January 1, 2022 (2, 223, 692 individuals). For each individual, we calculated distance to nearest livestock farm (cattle, goat, sheep, pig, poultry, horse, rabbit, mink). The associations between residential (6-digit postal-code) distance to the nearest livestock farm and individuals' SARS-CoV-2 status was studied with multilevel logistic regression models. Models were adjusted for individuals' age categories, the social status of the postal code area, particulate matter (PM10)- and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-concentrations. We analysed data for the entire period and population as well as separately for eight time periods (Jan–Mar, Apr–Jun, Jul–Sep and Oct–Dec in 2020 and 2021), four geographic areas of the Netherlands (north, east, west and south), and for five age categories (0–14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–64 and > 65 years). Results Over the period 2020–2021, individuals' SARS-CoV-2 status was associated with living closer to livestock farms. This association increased from an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.01 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.01–1.02) for patients living at a distance of 751–1000 m to a farm to an OR of 1.04 (95% CI 1.04–1.04), 1.07 (95% CI 1.06–1.07) and 1.11 (95% CI 1.10–1.12) for patients living in the more proximate 501–750 m, 251–500m and 0–250 m zones around farms, all relative to patients living further than 1000 m around farms. This association was observed in three out of four quarters of the year in both 2020 and 2021, and in all studied geographic areas and age groups. Conclusions In this exploratory study with individual SARS-CoV-2 notification data and high-resolution spatial data associations were found between living near livestock farms and individuals' SARS-CoV-2 status in the Netherlands. Verification of the results in other countries is warranted, as well as investigations into possible underlying exposures and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Hogerwerf
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Pim M Post
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O Box 217, Enschede, 7500 AE, the Netherlands.
| | - Ben Bom
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Wim van der Hoek
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan van de Kassteele
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Wilco de Vries
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Danny Houthuijs
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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10
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Thakor JC, Dinesh M, Manikandan R, Bindu S, Sahoo M, Sahoo D, Dhawan M, Pandey MK, Tiwari R, Emran TB, Dhama K, Chaicumpa W. Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns. Vet Q 2022; 42:125-147. [PMID: 35584308 PMCID: PMC9225692 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2079756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) are one of the most devastating pathogens affecting the livelihoods of farmers and swine industry across the world. These include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animal species and humans because these are having single stranded-RNA that accounts for high mutation rates and thus could break the species barrier. The gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems are the primary organ systems affected by SCoVs. Infection is very common in piglets compared to adult swine causing high mortality in the former. Bat is implicated to be the origin of all CoVs affecting animals and humans. Since pig is the only domestic animal in which CoVs cause a wide range of diseases; new coronaviruses with high zoonotic potential could likely emerge in the future as observed in the past. The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19 pandemic in humans, has been implicated to have animal origin, also reported from few animal species, though its zoonotic concerns are still under investigation. This review discusses SCoVs and their epidemiology, virology, evolution, pathology, wildlife reservoirs, interspecies transmission, spill-over events and highlighting their emerging threats to swine population. The role of pigs amid ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will also be discussed. A thorough investigation should be conducted to rule out zoonotic potential of SCoVs and to design appropriate strategies for their prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigarji C Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Rajendran Manikandan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Diptimayee Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, India.,The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester-WA14 5PQ, United Kingdom
| | - Megha Katare Pandey
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal-462043, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura-281001, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong-4381, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok-10700, Thailand
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Madani TA, Abuelzein ETME, Hussien HS, Bashri MA, Hassan AM, Azhar EI. Monitoring of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Activity in a Secluded Herd of Camels Kept Under Field Conditions. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:994-1002. [PMID: 34958265 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Camel-to-human transmission of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was confirmed as a cause of primary infection in humans. There is a dearth of information regarding the behavior of the virus in camels and the mode of spread among them under natural conditions. The aim of this study was to monitor exposure of camels to the MERS-CoV under field conditions. Methods: From January 1 to November 30, 2015, a secluded herd of 20 pregnant female camels and their neonate calves was established. Nasal and rectal swabs were collected from calves daily for 90 days after birth, then weekly until the end of the study. Nasal and rectal samples were collected from the dams at outset and then weekly until the end of the study. The samples were tested with rtRT-PCR to detect the MERS-CoV RNA. Results: All purchased pregnant camels were MERS-CoV RNA negative at outset. Nineteen dams and 15 calves completed the study. Seven (46.7%) of the 15 calves developed a rise in rectal temperature (39-40°C), shivering, rhinitis, anorexia, and general weakness at a mean ± standard deviation of 18.9 ± 4.9 days of age and their MERS-CoV RNA test was positive on the first day of illness. Three of the seven infected calves died 14 ± 9.1 days postonset of illness at age 17, 14, and 46 days, respectively. The remaining four infected calves fully recovered and they were MERS-CoV RNA positive for 17.5 ± 8.8 days. Four (21.1%) of the 19 dams had positive tests; three dams had no clinical signs, whereas the fourth dam exhibited signs not compatible with MERS-CoV infection and died three days after the positive test, 33 days after parturition. All MERS-CoV infections occurred within 22 days. Conclusions: This study has expanded our understanding of the MERS-CoV epidemiology among camels, which is an important step forward to device effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Madani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Tayb M E Abuelzein
- Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem S Hussien
- Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Bashri
- Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Krishnan S, Thirunavukarasu A, Jha NK, Gahtori R, Roy AS, Dholpuria S, Kesari KK, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta PK. Nanotechnology-based therapeutic formulations in the battle against animal coronaviruses: an update. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 23:229. [PMID: 34690535 PMCID: PMC8520458 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-021-05341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Outbreak of infectious diseases imposes a serious threat to human population and also causes a catastrophic impact on global economy. Animal coronaviruses remain as one of the intriguing problems, known to cause deadly viral diseases on economically important animal population, and also these infections may spread to other animals and humans. Through isolation of the infected animals from others and providing appropriate treatment using antiviral drugs, it is possible to prevent the virus transmission from animals to other species. In recent times, antiviral drug-resistant strains are being emerged as a deadly virus which are known to cause pandemic. To overcome this, nanoparticles-based formulations are developed as antiviral agent which attacks the animal coronaviruses at multiple sites in the virus replication cycle. Nanovaccines are also being formulated to protect the animals from coronaviruses. Nanoformulations contain particles of one or more dimensions in nano-scale (few nanometers to 1000 nm), which could be inorganic or organic in nature. This review presents the comprehensive outline of the nanotechnology-based therapeutics formulated against animal coronaviruses, which includes the nanoparticles-based antiviral formulations and nanoparticles-based adjuvant vaccines. The mechanism of action of these nanoparticles-based antivirals against animal coronavirus is also discussed using relevant examples. In addition, the scope of repurposing the existing nano-enabled antivirals and vaccines to combat the coronavirus infections in animals is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot no. 32 – 34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201310 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263136 Uttarakhand India
| | - Ayush Singha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity School of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206 India
| | - Sunny Dholpuria
- Department of Life Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad, 121006 Haryana India
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Plot no. 32 – 34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, 201310 Uttar Pradesh India
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13
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Ven S, Arunvipas P, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Ratanapob N. Seroprevalence of bovine coronavirus and factors associated with the serological status in dairy cattle in the western region of Thailand. Vet World 2021; 14:2041-2047. [PMID: 34566319 PMCID: PMC8448641 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2041-2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pathogen affecting the productivities of dairy cattle worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with BCoV serological status using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the western region of Thailand. Blood samples were collected from 30 dairy herds. In total, 617 blood serum samples were tested using a commercial indirect ELISA for BCoV-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the factors which have been identified as risk factors for BCoV antibody detection. The age and history of diarrhea of each animal were recorded. Fisher’s exact test was performed to univariately assess the association between BCoV serological status and possible risk factors. Variables with Fisher’s exact test p<0.10 were then evaluated using multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with BCoV serological status. The Bonferroni adjustment was used for multiple comparisons of significant variables in the final multivariate logistic regression model. Results: No herd was free from antibodies to BCoV. The individual seroprevalence of BCoV was 97.89% (604/617). The prevalence within herds was in the range of 45.45-100%. Cattle >3 years of age were more likely to be seropositive to BCoV compared to cattle <1 year of age (p=0.003), with the odds ratio being 81.96. Disinfecting diarrhea stools were a protective factor for being BCoV seropositive, with odds ratios of 0.08 and 0.06 compared to doing nothing (p=0.008) and to clean with water (p=0.002), respectively. Conclusion: BCoV seropositive dairy cattle were distributed throughout the western region of Thailand. The probability of being seropositive for BCoV increased with increasing animal age. Cleaning the contaminated stool with appropriate disinfectants should be recommended to farmers to minimize the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samnang Ven
- Bio-Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Pipat Arunvipas
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Niorn Ratanapob
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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14
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Chan OSK, Bradley KCF, Grioni A, Lau SKP, Li WT, Magouras I, Naing T, Padula A, To EMW, Tun HM, Tutt C, Woo PCY, Bloch R, Mauroo NF. Veterinary Experiences can Inform One Health Strategies for Animal Coronaviruses. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:301-314. [PMID: 34542794 PMCID: PMC8450722 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S K Chan
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Patrick Manson Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Katriona C F Bradley
- Tai Wai Small Animal and Exotic Hospital, G/F, Lap Wo Building, 69-75 Chik Shun St, Tai Wai, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Alessandro Grioni
- Fauna Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 26, 19/F, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Ta Li
- Department of Pathology, Pangolin International Biomedical Consultant Ltd., Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ioannis Magouras
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tint Naing
- Soares Avenue Paws and Claws Clinic, G/F No 29 - 33 Soares Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew Padula
- Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Esther M W To
- Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Room 509, Cheung Sha Wan Government Offices, 303 Cheung Sha Wan Road, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hein Min Tun
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Patrick Manson Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cedric Tutt
- Cape Animal Dentistry Service, 78 Rosmead Avenue, Kenilworth, Cape Town, 7708, South Africa
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 26, 19/F, Block T, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rebecca Bloch
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathalie F Mauroo
- Hong Kong Wildlife Health Foundation, GPO Box 12585, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
The recent emergence of a new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‑2, SARS-CoV-2) that is transmitted efficiently among humans and can result in serious disease and/or death has become a global threat to public health and economy. In this article, we describe some of the most important characteristics of this new virus (including gaps in our understanding) and provide a perspective of ongoing activities for developing virus-specific countermeasures, such as vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz X Heinz
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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16
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