1
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Fusè M, Mazzeo G, Ghidinelli S, Evidente A, Abbate S, Longhi G. Experimental and theoretical aspects of magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic circularly polarized luminescence in the UV, visible and IR ranges: A review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124583. [PMID: 38850611 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
A historical sketch of the MCD (magnetic circular dichroism) spectroscopy is reported in its experimental and theoretical aspects. MCPL (magnetic circularly polarized luminescence) is also considered. The main studies are presented encompassing porphyrinoid systems, aggregates and materials, as well as simple organic molecules useful for the advancement of the interpretation. The MCD of chiral systems is discussed with special attention to new studies of natural products with potential pharmaceutical valence, including Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and related isocarbostyrils. Finally, the vibrational form of MCD, called MVCD, which is recorded in the IR part of the spectrum is also discussed. A final brief note on perspectives is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fusè
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Simone Ghidinelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70185 Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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2
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von Buchwald TJ, Ziems KM, Kjellgren ER, Sauer SPA, Kongsted J, Coriani S. Reduced Density Matrix Formulation of Quantum Linear Response. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39106406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The prediction of spectral properties via linear response (LR) theory is an important tool in quantum chemistry for understanding photoinduced processes in molecular systems. With the advances of quantum computing, we recently adapted this method for near-term quantum hardware using a truncated active space approximation with orbital rotation, named quantum linear response (qLR). In an effort to reduce the classic cost of this hybrid approach, we here derive and implement a reduced density matrix (RDM) driven approach of qLR. This allows for the calculation of spectral properties of moderately sized molecules with much larger basis sets than so far possible. We report qLR results for benzene and R-methyloxirane with a cc-pVTZ basis set and study the effect of shot noise on the valence and oxygen K-edge absorption spectra of H2O in the cc-pVTZ basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Juncker von Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Loos PF, Jacquemin D. A mountaineering strategy to excited states: Accurate vertical transition energies and benchmarks for substituted benzenes. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1791-1805. [PMID: 38661240 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to expand the existing QUEST database of accurate vertical transition energies [Véril et al. WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci. 2021, 11, e1517], we have modeled more than 100 electronic excited states of different natures (local, charge-transfer, Rydberg, singlet, and triplet) in a dozen of mono- and di-substituted benzenes, including aniline, benzonitrile, chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, nitrobenzene, among others. To establish theoretical best estimates for these vertical excitation energies, we have employed advanced coupled-cluster methods including iterative triples (CC3 and CCSDT) and, when technically possible, iterative quadruples (CC4). These high-level computational approaches provide a robust foundation for benchmarking a series of popular wave function methods. The evaluated methods all include contributions from double excitations (ADC(2), CC2, CCSD, CIS(D), EOM-MP2, STEOM-CCSD), along with schemes that also incorporate perturbative or iterative triples (ADC(3), CCSDR(3), CCSD(T)(a) ⋆ , and CCSDT-3). This systematic exploration not only broadens the scope of the QUEST database but also facilitates a rigorous assessment of different theoretical approaches in the framework of a homologous chemical series, offering valuable insights into the accuracy and reliability of these methods in such cases. We found that both ADC(2.5) and CCSDT-3 can provide very consistent estimates, whereas among less expensive methods SCS-CC2 is likely the most effective approach. Importantly, we show that some lower order methods may offer reasonable trends in the homologous series while providing quite large average errors, and vice versa. Consequently, benchmarking the accuracy of a model based solely on absolute transition energies may not be meaningful for applications involving a series of similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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4
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Cui X, Fan J, Lyu Y, Zhou X, Meng Q, Zhang C. Quasi-intrinsic thiobase derivatives as potential targeted photosensitizers in two-photon photodynamic therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 316:124311. [PMID: 38663131 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a set of potential quasi-intrinsic photosensitizers for two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) are proposed based on the unnatural 2-amino-8-(1'-β-ᴅ-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo[1,2-ɑ]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one (P), which is paired with the 6-amino-5-nitro-3-(1'-β-ᴅ-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyridone (Z) and can specifically recognize breast and liver cancer cells. Herein, the effects of sulfur substitution and electron-donating/electron-withdrawing groups on the photophysical properties in aqueous solution are systematically investigated. The one- and two-photon absorption spectra evidence that the modifications could result in red-shifted absorption wavelength and large two-photon absorption cross-section, which contributes to selective excitation and provides effective PDT for deep-seated tissues. To ensure the efficient triplet state population, the singlet-triplet energy gaps and spin-orbit coupling constants were examined, which is responsible for a rapid intersystem crossing rate. Furthermore, these thiobase derivatives are characterized by the long-lived T1 state and the large energy gap for radiationless transition to ensure the generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Cui
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China
| | - Yongkang Lyu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China
| | - Xucong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, PR China
| | - Qingtian Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China.
| | - Changzhe Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China.
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5
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Nagy D, Reinholdt P, Jensen PWK, Kjellgren ER, Ziems KM, Fitzpatrick A, Knecht S, Kongsted J, Coriani S, Sauer SPA. Electric Field Gradient Calculations for Ice VIII and IX Using Polarizable Embedding: A Comparative Study on Classical Computers and Quantum Simulators. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6305-6315. [PMID: 39020525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
We test the performance of the polarizable embedding variational quantum eigensolver self-consistent field (PE-VQE-SCF) model for computing electric field gradients with comparisons to conventional complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) calculations and experimental results. We compute quadrupole coupling constants for ice VIII and ice IX. We find close agreement of the quantum-computing PE-VQE-SCF results with the results from the classical PE-CASSCF calculations and with experiment. Furthermore, we observe that the inclusion of the environment is crucial for obtaining results that match the experimental data. The calculations for ice VIII are within the experimental uncertainty for both CASSCF and VQE-SCF for oxygen and lie close to the experimental value for ice IX as well. With the VQE-SCF, which is based on an adaptive derivative-assembled problem-tailored (ADAPT) ansatz, we find that the inclusion of the environment and the size of the different basis sets do not directly affect the gate counts. However, by including an explicit environment, the wavefunction and therefore the optimization problem become more complicated, which usually results in the need to include more operators from the operator pool, thereby increasing the depth of the circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Phillip W K Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Stefan Knecht
- Algorithmiq Ltd, Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Life Sciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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6
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Kunze L, Froitzheim T, Hansen A, Grimme S, Mewes JM. ΔDFT Predicts Inverted Singlet-Triplet Gaps with Chemical Accuracy at a Fraction of the Cost of Wave Function-Based Approaches. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:8065-8077. [PMID: 39083761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Efficient OLEDs need to quickly convert singlet and triplet excitons into photons. Molecules with an inverted singlet-triplet energy gap (INVEST) are promising candidates for this task. However, typical INVEST molecules have drawbacks like too low oscillator strengths and excitation energies. High-throughput screening could identify suitable INVEST molecules, but existing methods are problematic: The workhorse method TD-DFT cannot reproduce gap inversion, while wave function-based methods are too slow. This study proposes a state-specific method based on unrestricted Kohn-Sham DFT with common hybrid functionals. Tuned on the new INVEST15 benchmark set, this method achieves an error of less than 1 kcal/mol, which is traced back to error cancellation between spin contamination and dynamic correlation. Applied to the larger and structurally diverse NAH159 set in a black-box fashion, the method maintains a small error (1.2 kcal/mol) and accurately predicts gap signs in 83% of cases, confirming its robustness and suitability for screening workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kunze
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Froitzheim
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- beeOLED GmbH, Niedersedlitzer Str. 75c, 01257 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Berquist E, Dumi A, Upadhyay S, Abarbanel OD, Cho M, Gaur S, Cano Gil VH, Hutchison GR, Lee OS, Rosen AS, Schamnad S, Schneider FSS, Steinmann C, Stolyarchuk M, Vandezande JE, Zak W, Langner KM. cclib 2.0: An updated architecture for interoperable computational chemistry. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:042501. [PMID: 39051837 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Interoperability in computational chemistry is elusive, impeded by the independent development of software packages and idiosyncratic nature of their output files. The cclib library was introduced in 2006 as an attempt to improve this situation by providing a consistent interface to the results of various quantum chemistry programs. The shared API across programs enabled by cclib has allowed users to focus on results as opposed to output and to combine data from multiple programs or develop generic downstream tools. Initial development, however, did not anticipate the rapid progress of computational capabilities, novel methods, and new programs; nor did it foresee the growing need for customizability. Here, we recount this history and present cclib 2, focused on extensibility and modularity. We also introduce recent design pivots-the formalization of cclib's intermediate data representation as a tree-based structure, a new combinator-based parser organization, and parsed chemical properties as extensible objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Berquist
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Amanda Dumi
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Shiv Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Omri D Abarbanel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Minsik Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sagar Gaur
- MarkovML 23, Geary St. Suite 600, San Francisco, California 94108, USA
- International Institute of Information Technology, Prof. CR Rao Road Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | - Geoffrey R Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Oliver S Lee
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Rosen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Casper Steinmann
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9230 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Weronika Zak
- Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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8
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Knippenberg S, De K, Aisenbrey C, Bechinger B, Osella S. Hydration- and Temperature-Dependent Fluorescence Spectra of Laurdan Conformers in a DPPC Membrane. Cells 2024; 13:1232. [PMID: 39120265 PMCID: PMC11311969 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The widely used Laurdan probe has two conformers, resulting in different optical properties when embedded in a lipid bilayer membrane, as demonstrated by our previous simulations. Up to now, the two conformers' optical responses have, however, not been investigated when the temperature and the phase of the membrane change. Since Laurdan is known to be both a molecular rotor and a solvatochromic probe, it is subject to a profound interaction with both neighboring lipids and water molecules. In the current study, molecular dynamics simulations and hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics calculations are performed for a DPPC membrane at eight temperatures between 270K and 320K, while the position, orientation, fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence anisotropy of the embedded probes are monitored. The importance of both conformers is proven through a stringent comparison with experiments, which corroborates the theoretical findings. It is seen that for Conf-I, the excited state lifetime is longer than the relaxation of the environment, while for Conf-II, the surroundings are not yet adapted when the probe returns to the ground state. Throughout the temperature range, the lifetime and anisotropy decay curves can be used to identify the different membrane phases. The current work might, therefore, be of importance for biomedical studies on diseases, which are associated with cell membrane transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Knippenberg
- Theory Lab, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kathakali De
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67008 Strasbourg, France; (K.D.)
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67008 Strasbourg, France; (K.D.)
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, rue Blaise Pascal, F-67008 Strasbourg, France; (K.D.)
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Menant S, Tognetti V, Oulyadi H, Guilhaudis L, Ségalas-Milazzo I. A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of the Piv-Pro-d-Ser-NHMe Peptide. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6704-6715. [PMID: 38967625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the secondary structure of the Piv-Pro-d-Ser-NHMe peptide by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments, in conjunction with theoretical simulations based on molecular dynamics and time-dependent density functional theory calculations including polarizable embedding to account for solvent effects. The various experimental and theoretical protocols are assessed and validated, and are shown to provide a consistent description of the turn structure adopted by this peptide in solution. In addition, a simple fitting procedure is proposed to make the simulated and experimental ECD almost perfectly match. This full methodology is finally tested on another small peptide, enlightening its efficiency and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Menant
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Laure Guilhaudis
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Ségalas-Milazzo
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France
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10
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Mauri A, Kiefer P, Neidinger P, Messer T, Bojanowski NM, Yang L, Walden S, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C, Wegener M, Wenzel W, Kozlowska M. Two- and three-photon processes during photopolymerization in 3D laser printing. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03527e. [PMID: 39129779 PMCID: PMC11309088 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The performance of a photoinitiator is key to control efficiency and resolution in 3D laser nanoprinting. Upon light absorption, a cascade of competing photophysical processes leads to photochemical reactions toward radical formation that initiates free radical polymerization (FRP). Here, we investigate 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin (DETC), belonging to an efficient and frequently used class of photoinitiators in 3D laser printing, and explain the molecular bases of FRP initiation upon DETC photoactivation. Depending on the presence of a co-initiator, DETC causes radical generation either upon two-photon- or three-photon excitation, but the mechanism for these processes is not well understood so far. Here, we show that the unique three-photon based radical formation by DETC, in the absence of a co-initiator, results from its excitation to highly excited triplet states. They allow a hydrogen-atom transfer reaction from the pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) monomer to DETC, enabling the formation of the reactive PETA alkyl radical, which initiates FRP. The formation of active DETC radicals is demonstrated to be less spontaneous. In contrast, photoinitiation in the presence of an onium salt co-initiator proceeds via intermolecular electron transfer after the photosensitization of the photoinitiator to the lowest triplet excited state. Our quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate photophysical processes upon the multiphoton activation of DETC and explain different reactions for the radical formation upon DETC photoactivation. This investigation for the first time describes possible pathways of FRP initiation in 3D laser nanoprinting and permits further rational design of efficient photoinitiators to increase the speed and sensitivity of 3D laser nanoprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mauri
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Pascal Kiefer
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Philipp Neidinger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Tobias Messer
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - N Maximilian Bojanowski
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sarah Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mariana Kozlowska
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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11
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Goodlett SM, Kitzmiller NL, Turney JM, Schaefer HF. MolSym: A Python package for handling symmetry in molecular quantum chemistry. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:024107. [PMID: 38984965 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A consideration of the point group symmetry of molecules is often advantageous from a computational efficiency standpoint and sometimes necessary for the correct treatment of chemical physics problems. Many modern electronic structure software packages include a treatment of symmetry, but these are sometimes incomplete or unusable outside of that program's environment. Therefore, we have developed the MolSym package for handling molecular symmetry and its associated functionalities to provide a platform for including symmetry in the implementation and development of other methods. Features include point group detection, molecule symmetrization, arbitrary generation of symmetry element sets and character tables, and symmetry adapted linear combinations of real spherical harmonic basis functions, Cartesian displacement coordinates, and internal coordinates. We present some of the advantages of using molecular symmetry as achieved by MolSym, particularly with respect to Hartree-Fock theory, and the reduction of finite difference displacements in gradient/Hessian computations. This package is designed to be easily integrated into other software development efforts and may be extended to further symmetry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Goodlett
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Kitzmiller
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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12
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Bonvicini A, Champagne B. Three-dimensional representation of the pure electric-dipole and the mixed first hyperpolarizabilities: The modified unit sphere representation. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38989959 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the theory of the modified unit sphere representation (mUSR) has been proposed as a computational tool suitable for the three-dimensional representation of the pure electric-dipole [β λ μ ν ( - 2 ω ; ω , ω ) $$ {\beta}_{\lambda \mu \nu}\left(-2\omega; \omega, \omega \right) $$ ] as well as of the mixed electric-dipole/magnetic-dipole [α J λ μ ν ( - 2 ω ; ω , ω ) $$ {}^{\alpha }{J}_{\lambda \mu \nu}\left(-2\omega; \omega, \omega \right) $$ andβ J λ μ ν ( - 2 ω ; ω , ω ) $$ {}^{\beta }{J}_{\lambda \mu \nu}\left(-2\omega; \omega, \omega \right) $$ ] or electric-dipole/electric-quadrupole [α K λ μ ν o ( - 2 ω ; ω , ω ) $$ {}^{\alpha }{K}_{\lambda \mu \nu o}\left(-2\omega; \omega, \omega \right) $$ andβ K λ μ ν o ( - 2 ω ; ω , ω ) $$ {}^{\beta }{K}_{\lambda \mu \nu o}\left(-2\omega; \omega, \omega \right) $$ ] first hyperpolarizabilities. These five quantities are Cartesian tensors and they are responsible for the chiral signal in the chiroptical version of the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) spectroscopy, namely the HRS optical activity (HRS-OA) spectroscopy. For the first time, for each hyperpolarizability, alongside with the three-dimensional representation of the whole (i.e., reducible) Cartesian tensors, the mUSRs are developed for each of the irreducible Cartesian tensors (ICTs) that constitute them. This scheme has been applied to a series of three (chiral) hexahelicene molecules containing different degrees of electron-withdrawing (quinone) groups and characterized by the same (positive) handedness. For these molecules, the mUSR shows that, upon substitution, the most remarkable qualitative and semi-quantitative (enhancement of the molecular responses) effects are obtained for the pure electric-dipole and for the mixed electric-dipole/magnetic-dipole hyperpolarizabilities.
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Grants
- T.0025.22 FNRS
- T.0005.24 FNRS
- U.G006.15 FNRS-FRFC, the Walloon Region, and the University of Namur
- U.G018.19 FNRS-FRFC, the Walloon Region, and the University of Namur
- U.G011.22 FNRS-FRFC, the Walloon Region, and the University of Namur
- RW1610468 FNRS-FRFC, the Walloon Region, and the University of Namur
- RW/GEQ2016 FNRS-FRFC, the Walloon Region, and the University of Namur
- RW2110213 FNRS-FRFC, the Walloon Region, and the University of Namur
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonvicini
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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13
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Solov’yov AV, Verkhovtsev AV, Mason NJ, Amos RA, Bald I, Baldacchino G, Dromey B, Falk M, Fedor J, Gerhards L, Hausmann M, Hildenbrand G, Hrabovský M, Kadlec S, Kočišek J, Lépine F, Ming S, Nisbet A, Ricketts K, Sala L, Schlathölter T, Wheatley AEH, Solov’yov IA. Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8014-8129. [PMID: 38842266 PMCID: PMC11240271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This roadmap reviews the new, highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The Review highlights several recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field over the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation can be inorganic, organic, or biological, finite or infinite, composed of different molecular species or materials, exist in different phases, and operate under different thermodynamic conditions. Many of the key phenomena related to the behavior of irradiated systems are very similar and can be understood based on the same fundamental theoretical principles and computational approaches. The multiscale nature of such phenomena requires the quantitative description of the radiation-induced effects occurring at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic, and the interlinks between such descriptions. The multiscale nature of the effects and the similarity of their manifestation in systems of different origins necessarily bring together different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, nanoscience, and biomedical research, demonstrating the numerous interlinks and commonalities between them. This research field is highly relevant to many novel and emerging technologies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nigel J. Mason
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United
Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Amos
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gérard Baldacchino
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université,
CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brendan Dromey
- Centre
for Light Matter Interactions, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Falk
- Institute
of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Hildenbrand
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences
Aschaffenburg, Würzburger
Str. 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | | | - Stanislav Kadlec
- Eaton European
Innovation Center, Bořivojova
2380, 25263 Roztoky, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière
Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Siyi Ming
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Kate Ricketts
- Department
of Targeted Intervention, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Sala
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University
College Groningen, University of Groningen, Hoendiepskade 23/24, 9718 BG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E. H. Wheatley
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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14
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Kossoski F, Boggio-Pasqua M, Loos PF, Jacquemin D. Reference Energies for Double Excitations: Improvement and Extension. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5655-5678. [PMID: 38885174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of photochemistry, the significance of double excitations (also known as doubly excited states), where two electrons are concurrently elevated to higher energy levels, lies in their involvement in key electronic transitions essential in light-induced chemical reactions as well as their challenging nature from the computational theoretical chemistry point of view. Based on state-of-the-art electronic structure methods (such as high-order coupled-cluster, selected configuration interaction, and multiconfigurational methods), we improve and expand our prior set of accurate reference excitation energies for electronic states exhibiting a substantial amount of double excitations [Loos et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 1939]. This extended collection encompasses 47 electronic transitions across 26 molecular systems that we separate into two distinct subsets: (i) 28 "genuine" doubly excited states where the transitions almost exclusively involve doubly excited configurations and (ii) 19 "partial" doubly excited states which exhibit a more balanced character between singly and doubly excited configurations. For each subset, we assess the performance of high-order coupled-cluster (CC3, CCSDT, CC4, and CCSDTQ) and multiconfigurational methods (CASPT2, CASPT3, PC-NEVPT2, and SC-NEVPT2). Using as a probe the percentage of single excitations involved in a given transition (%T1) computed at the CC3 level, we also propose a simple correction that reduces the errors of CC3 by a factor of 3, for both sets of excitations. We hope that this more complete and diverse compilation of double excitations will help future developments of electronic excited-state methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábris Kossoski
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
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15
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Aucar JJ, Melo JI, Maldonado AF. Electric Field Gradient in Chiral and Tetrahedral Molecules within High-Order LRESC Formalism. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5089-5099. [PMID: 38725128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the electric field gradient (EFG) given by the linear response elimination of the small component (LRESC) scheme up to the 1/c4 order (c is the speed of light in vacuum) in CHFClX (X = Br, I, At) chiral molecules, together with CHF2Br and CH2FX (X = Br, I, At) tetrahedral systems. The former could be good candidates for further parity violation studies, especially when heavy atoms are surrounding. In this context, the LRESC scheme demonstrates effective applicability to large tetrahedral and chiral molecules that incorporate heavy elements, with relativistic effects playing a crucial role. The LRESC results of EFG exhibit an excellent agreement with those calculated at the four-component level, giving differences of only hundredths order in a.u. (atomic units) for the bromine nucleus and less than 0.1 a.u. for the iodine nucleus. Regarding the other nuclei, for the chiral molecules, there is a heavy atom effect on the light atom (HALA) for chlorine and fluorine atoms as the substituent halogen atom becomes heavier. Furthermore, the electronic part of the EFG for the central carbon and the fluorine nuclei presents an important dependence with the environment in the molecules under study. With accurate calculations of the EFG and tabulated nuclear quadrupole moment, the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant is obtained within the LRESC scheme, including for the first time correlation effects on the spin-dependent corrections with this methodology, providing results close to the experimental ones for Cl, Br, and I atoms. At the Hartree-Fock level, the differences are around 6% for Br and I nuclei, and at the density functional theory level with the LDA and PBE0 functionals, the differences are no more than 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Aucar
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, National Northeastern University of Argentina, Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
- Institute for Modelling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE), Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan I Melo
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Maldonado
- Institute for Modelling and Innovative Technology, IMIT (CONICET-UNNE), Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
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16
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Frederiksen A, Gerhards L, Reinholdt P, Kongsted J, Solov’yov IA. Importance of Polarizable Embedding for Absorption Spectrum Calculations of Arabidopsis thaliana Cryptochrome 1. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6283-6290. [PMID: 38913544 PMCID: PMC11228989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are essential flavoproteins for circadian rhythms and avian magnetoreception. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), a chromophore within cryptochromes, absorbs blue light, initiating electron transfer processes that lead to a biological signaling cascade. A key step in this cascade is the formation of the FAD semiquinone radical (FADH•), characterized through a specific red-light absorption. The absorption spectra of FADH• in cryptochromes are, however, significantly different from those recorded for the cofactor in solution, primarily due to protein-induced shifts in the absorption peaks. This study employs a multiscale approach, combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methodologies, to investigate the influence of protein dynamics on embedded FADH• absorption. We emphasize the role of the protein's polarizable environment in the shaping of the absorption spectrum, crucial for accurate spectral predictions in cryptochromes. Our findings provide valuable insights into the absorption process, advancing our understanding of cryptochrome functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Frederiksen
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research
Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von
Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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17
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Hurtado A, Sekino H, Harrison RJ. Benchmarking Correlation-Consistent Basis Sets for Frequency-Dependent Polarizabilities with Multiresolution Analysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5145-5156. [PMID: 38842252 PMCID: PMC11209939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the first converged frequency-dependent HF polarizability results for general molecules, on a set of 89 closed-shell atoms and molecules. The solver employs multiresolution analysis (MRA) in a multiwavelet basis to compute both ground and response states to a guaranteed precision, which are validated against independent numerical grid calculations on atoms and linear molecules. The MRA ground-state energies and response properties are used to evaluate results in correlation-consistent basis sets up to 5Z augmented with either single or double diffuse functions and core-polarization functions. Systematic trends are revealed through consideration of chemical composition as well as the use of machine learning to cluster convergence trends, the latter suggesting the possibility of learning and correcting basis-set error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hurtado
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Hideo Sekino
- Institute
for Advanced Computational Science, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-5250, United States
| | - Robert J. Harrison
- Institute
for Advanced Computational Science, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-5250, United States
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18
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Bužančić Milosavljević M, Perić Bakulić M, Sanader Maršić Ž, Mravak A, Bonačić-Koutecký V. Enhancing Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells by Coinage Metal Doping of Cyanidin-Silver Trimer Hybrids at TiO 2 Support Based on Theoretical Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1034. [PMID: 38921910 PMCID: PMC11206320 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Identification of a natural-based sensitizer with optimal stability and efficiency for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application remains a challenging task. Previously, we proposed a new class of sensitizers based on bio-nano hybrids. These systems composed of natural cyanidin dyes interacting with silver nanoclusters (NCs) have demonstrated enhanced opto-electronic and photovoltaic properties. In this study, we explore the doping of silver nanocluster within a cyanidin-Ag3 hybrid employing Density Functional Theory (DFT) and its time-dependent counterpart (TDDFT). Specifically, we investigate the influence of coinage metal atoms (Au and Cu) on the properties of the cyanidin-Ag3 system. Our findings suggest that cyanidin-Ag2Au and cyanidin-AgAuCu emerge as the most promising candidates for improved light harvesting efficiency, increased two-photon absorption, and strong coupling to the TiO2 surface. These theoretical predictions suggest the viability of replacing larger silver NCs with heterometallic trimers such as Ag2Au or AgAuCu, presenting new avenues for utilizing bio-nano hybrids at the surface for DSSC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bužančić Milosavljević
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Martina Perić Bakulić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | | | - Antonija Mravak
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Cui X, Yuan H, Chen X, Meng Q, Zhang C. Newly Designed Quasi-intrinsic Photosensitizers for Fluorescence Image-Guided Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy with Type I/II Photoreactions. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8902-8912. [PMID: 38815214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a set of quasi-intrinsic photosensitizers are theoretically proposed based on the 2-amino-8-(1'-β-d-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo[1,2-α]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one (P), which could pair with the 6-amino-5-nitro-3-(1'-β-d-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyridone (Z) and keep the essential structural characters of nucleic acid. It is revealed that the ring expansion and electron-donating/electron-withdrawing substitution bring enhanced two-photon absorption and bright photoluminescence of these monomers, thereby facilitating the selective excitation and tumor localization through fluorescence imaging. However, instead of undergoing radiative transition (S1 → S0), the base pairing induced fluorescence quenching and rapid intersystem crossing (S1 → Tn) are observed and characterized by the reduced singlet-triplet energy gaps and large spin-orbit coupling values. To ensure the phototherapeutic properties of the considered base pairs in long-lived T1 state, we examined the vertical electron affinity as well as vertical ionization potential for production of superoxide anions via Type I photoreaction, and their required T1 energy (0.98 eV) to generate singlet oxygen 1O2 via Type II mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Cui
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiu Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, P. R. China
| | - Qingtian Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, P. R. China
| | - Changzhe Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang L, Morshedi M, Schwich T, Kobayashi R, Humphrey MG. Exceptional three- to six-photon absorption at organometallic dendrimers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8731-8739. [PMID: 38873073 PMCID: PMC11168170 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The light-intensity dependence of multi-photon absorption (MPA) affords outstanding spatial control. Furthermore, compared to the higher-energy photons needed for analogous linear absorption, the lower-energy photons involved in MPA often correspond to important wavelengths, such as those of the biological and telecommunications "windows". It is therefore of crucial importance to develop molecules that exhibit outstanding MPA cross-sections. However, although progress has been made with two-photon absorption, there is currently a dearth of efficient instantaneous n-photon absorbers (n > 2), a key reason being the scarcity of structure-property studies required to understand higher-order MPA. We herein report systematically-varied metallodendrimers up to third-generation in size, together with their nonlinear absorptive responses over the spectral range 600-2520 nm. We show that the dendrimers exhibit exceptional instantaneous three- to six-photon absorption cross-sections, with maximal values increasing with dendrimer generation and installation of solubilizing group, and we report that changing the groups at the dendrimer periphery can shift the wavelengths of the nPA maxima. We also describe time-dependent DFT studies that have facilitated assignment of the key linear and nonlinear transitions and disclosed the crucial role of the metal in the outstanding MPA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mahbod Morshedi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Torsten Schwich
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Rika Kobayashi
- National Computational Infrastructure, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Mark G Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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21
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Kretschmer K, Frederiksen A, Reinholdt P, Kongsted J, Solov’yov IA. Understanding the Red Shift in the Absorption Spectrum of the FAD Cofactor in ClCry4 Protein. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5320-5326. [PMID: 38805723 PMCID: PMC11163422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
It is still a puzzle that has not been entirely solved how migratory birds utilize the Earth's magnetic field for biannual migration. The most consistent explanation thus far is rooted in the modulation of the biological function of the cryptochrome 4 (Cry4) protein by an external magnetic field. This phenomenon is closely linked with the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor that is noncovalently bound in the protein. Cry4 is activated by blue light, which is absorbed by the FAD cofactor. Subsequent electron and proton transfers trigger radical pair formation in the protein, which is sensitive to the external magnetic field. An important long-lasting redox state of the FAD cofactor is the signaling (FADH•) state, which is present after the transient electron transfer steps have been completed. Recent experimental efforts succeeded in crystallizing the Cry4 protein from Columbia livia (ClCry4) with all of the important residues needed for protein photoreduction. This specific crystallization of Cry4 protein so far is the only avian cryptochrome crystal structure available, which, however, has great similarity to the Cry4 proteins of night migratory birds. The previous experimental studies of the ClCry4 protein included the absorption properties of the protein in its different redox states. The absorption spectrum of the FADH• state demonstrated a peculiar red shift compared to the photoabsorption properties of the FAD cofactor in its FADH• state in other Cry proteins from other species. The aim of this study is to understand this red shift by employing the tools of computational microscopy and, in particular, a QM/MM approach that relies on the polarizable embedding approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kretschmer
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anders Frederiksen
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory
Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky
Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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22
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de Wergifosse M, Grimme S. The eXact integral simplified time-dependent density functional theory (XsTD-DFT). J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204110. [PMID: 38805556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the framework of simplified quantum chemistry methods, we introduce the eXact integral simplified time-dependent density functional theory (XsTD-DFT). This method is based on the simplified time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT), where all semi-empirical two-electron integrals are replaced by exact one- and two-center two-electron integrals, while other approximations from sTD-DFT are kept. The performance of this new parameter-free XsTD-DFT method was benchmarked on excited state and (non)linear response properties, including ultra-violet/visible absorption, first hyperpolarizability, and two-photon absorption (2PA). For a set of 77 molecules, the results from the XsTDA approach were compared to the TDA data. XsTDA/B3LYP excitation energies only deviate on average by 0.14 eV from TDA while drastically cutting computational costs by a factor of 20 or more depending on the energy threshold chosen. The absolute deviations of excitation energies with respect to the full scheme are decreasing with increasing system size, showing the suitability of XsTDA/XsTD-DFT to treat large systems. Comparing XsTDA and its predecessor sTDA, the new scheme generally improves excitation energies and oscillator strengths, in particular, for charge transfer states. TD-DFT first hyperpolarizability frequency dispersions for a set of push-pull π-conjugated molecules are faithfully reproduced by XsTD-DFT, while the previous sTD-DFT method provides redshifted resonance energy positions. Excellent performance with respect to the experiment is observed for the 2PA spectrum of the enhanced green fluorescent protein. The obtained robust accuracy similar to TD-DFT at a fraction of the computational cost opens the way for a plethora of applications for large systems and in high throughput screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc de Wergifosse
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Division (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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23
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Folkestad S, Paul AC, Paul née Matveeva R, Reinholdt P, Coriani S, Odelius M, Koch H. Quantum Mechanical Versus Polarizable Embedding Schemes: A Study of the Xray Absorption Spectra of Aqueous Ammonia and Ammonium. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4161-4169. [PMID: 38713524 PMCID: PMC11137810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The X-ray absorption spectra of aqueous ammonia and ammonium are computed using a combination of coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) with different quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical embedding schemes. Specifically, we compare frozen Hartree-Fock (HF) density embedding, polarizable embedding (PE), and polarizable density embedding (PDE). Integrating CCSD with frozen HF density embedding is possible within the CC-in-HF framework, which circumvents the conventional system-size limitations of standard coupled cluster methods. We reveal similarities between PDE and frozen HF density descriptions, while PE spectra differ significantly. By including approximate triple excitations, we also investigate the effect of improving the electronic structure theory. The spectra computed using this approach show an improved intensity ratio compared to CCSD-in-HF. Charge transfer analysis of the excitations shows the local character of the pre-edge and main-edge, while the post-edge is formed by excitations delocalized over the first solvation shell and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai
Dery Folkestad
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander C. Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Regina Paul née Matveeva
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, SDU, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark,
DTU, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Zhao S, Lin Z, Wang F, Si Z, Chen Z. Theoretical simulation of TADF character of 3,9'-bicarbazole-modified 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine. J Mol Model 2024; 30:186. [PMID: 38801631 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Three donor (D)-acceptor (A)-type temperature-activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) molecules of 9-(2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (o-TrzDCz), 9-(3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (m-TrzDCz), and 9-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (p-TrzDCz) were designed in this paper, and the photophysical properties, including the intersystem crossing rate, the reorganization energies (λ), and the intersystem crossing/reverse intersystem crossing (ISC/RISC) rate, were simulated to explore the effect of substitution sites on their TADF character. The values of the twist angle between the D and A moieties in ground state and the molecular root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the S1 and T1 states referenced to the S0 state indicate that o-TrzDCz possess bigger steric hindrance and stabler molecular configuration. The λ values of the ISC/RISC process should be 0.06/0.04 eV for o-TrzDCz, which are much smaller than those of m-TrzDCz (0.51/0.41 eV) and p-TrzDCz (1.93/1.06 eV). At the same time, o-TrzDCz possess the biggest kRISC (7.28 × 106 s-1) and kr (3.12 × 106 s-1) values and the smallest kp (0.10 s-1) value among the three titled molecules. These data indicate that o-TrzDCz should have more excellent TADF character than m-TrzDCz and p-TrzDCz. In a word, this research presents that adjusting the molecular linking manner should be a charming way to explore novel high-efficient TADF molecules. METHODS Quantum chemical calculations were performed at PBE0/6-31G* level by Gaussian 09 and ORCA 4.1.0 software packages, and reorganization energies and Huang-Rhys were performed by the DUSHIN program and MOMAP 2019B software package based on the Gaussian 09 output files, while the phosphorescence rates were performed at B3LYP/6-31G* level by Dalton 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen Lin
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun City, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun City, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, People's Republic of China
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25
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Mikkelsen JES, Jensen F. Ambiguities in Decomposing Molecular Polarizability into Atomic Charge Flow and Induced Dipole Contributions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4168-4175. [PMID: 38743593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The molecular dipole polarizability can be decomposed into components corresponding to the charge flow between atoms and changes in atomic dipole moments. Such decompositions are recognized to depend on how atoms are defined within a molecule, as, for example, by Hirshfeld, iterative Stockholder, or quantum topology partitioning of the electron density. For some of these, however, there are significant differences between the numerical results obtained by analytical response methods and finite field calculations. We show that this difference is due to analytical response methods accounting for (only) the change in electron density by a perturbation, while finite field methods may also include a component corresponding to a perturbation-dependent change in the definition of an atom within a molecule. For some atom-in-molecule definitions, such as the iterative Hirshfeld, iterative Stockholder, and quantum topology methods, the latter effect significantly increases the charge flow component. The decomposition of molecular polarizability into atomic charge flow and induced dipole components thus depends on whether the atom-in-molecule definition is taken to be perturbation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas E S Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Koput J. Ab Initio Ground-State Potential Energy Function and Vibration-Rotation Energy Levels of Magnesium Monohydride. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3855-3863. [PMID: 38691512 PMCID: PMC11103694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The accurate potential energy function of magnesium monohydride in its X2Σ+ state has been determined from ab initio calculations. The vibration-rotation energy levels of the main isotopologue 24MgH were predicted to near the "spectroscopic" accuracy. The scalar relativistic, adiabatic, and nonadiabatic effects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Koput
- Department of Chemistry, Adam
Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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27
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Elayan IA, Rib L, A Mendes R, Brown A. Beyond Explored Functionals: A Computational Journey of Two-Photon Absorption. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3879-3893. [PMID: 38648613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We present a thorough investigation into the efficacy of 19 density functional theory (DFT) functionals, relative to RI-CC2 results, for computing two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections (σ2PA) and key dipole moments (|μ00|, |μ11|, |Δμ|, |μ01|) for a series of coumarin dyes in the gas-phase. The functionals include different categories, including local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), hybrid-GGA (H-GGA), range-separated hybrid-GGA (RSH-GGA), meta-GGA (M-GGA), and hybrid M-GGA (HM-GGA), with 14 of them being subjected to analysis for the first time with respect to predicting σ2PA values. Analysis reveals that functionals integrating both short-range (SR) and long-range (LR) corrections, particularly those within the RSH-GGA and HM-GGA classes, outperform the others. Furthermore, the range-separation approach was found more impactful compared to the varying percentages of Hartree-Fock exchange (HF Ex) within different functionals. The functionals traditionally recommended for 2PA do not appear among the top 9 in our study, which is particularly interesting, as these top-performing functionals have not been previously investigated in this context. This list is dominated by M11, QTP variants, ωB97X, ωB97X-V, and M06-2X, surpassing the performance of other functionals, including the commonly used CAM-B3LYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Elayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Laura Rib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rodrigo A Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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28
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Larsson ED, Jørgensen FK, Reinholdt P, Hedegård ED, Kongsted J. Simulating X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Challenging Environments: Methodological Insights from Water-Solvated Ammonia and Ammonium Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3406-3412. [PMID: 38687240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Core-electron excitations in solvated systems, influenced by solvent geometry and hydrogen bonding, make X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) a valuable tool for assessing solvent-solute interactions. However, calculating XAS spectra with electronic-structure methods has proven challenging due to a delicate interplay between correlation and solvation effects. This study provides a computational procedure for XAS modeling in solvated systems, with water-solvated ammonia and ammonium systems serving as probes. Exploring methodological challenges, we investigate explicit embedding models, specifically the polarizable embedding family, including polarizable density embedding and extended polarizable density embedding. Our linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) XAS calculations reveal the efficiency of this approach, with extended polarizable density embedding emerging as a robust improvement over polarizable density embedding. Contrary to some recent literature, our study challenges the belief that LR-TDDFT cannot accurately describe XAS spectra of ammonia and ammonium solvated in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Dennis Larsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Frederik Kamper Jørgensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Erik Donovan Hedegård
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55 , DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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29
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Ziems KM, Kjellgren ER, Reinholdt P, Jensen PWK, Sauer SPA, Kongsted J, Coriani S. Which Options Exist for NISQ-Friendly Linear Response Formulations? J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3551-3565. [PMID: 38662999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Linear response (LR) theory is a powerful tool in classic quantum chemistry crucial to understanding photoinduced processes in chemistry and biology. However, performing simulations for large systems and in the case of strong electron correlation remains challenging. Quantum computers are poised to facilitate the simulation of such systems, and recently, a quantum linear response formulation (qLR) was introduced [Kumar et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023, 19, 9136-9150]. To apply qLR to near-term quantum computers beyond a minimal basis set, we here introduce a resource-efficient qLR theory, using a truncated active-space version of the multiconfigurational self-consistent field LR ansatz. Therein, we investigate eight different near-term qLR formalisms that utilize novel operator transformations that allow the qLR equations to be performed on near-term hardware. Simulating excited state potential energy curves and absorption spectra for various test cases, we identify two promising candidates, dubbed "proj LRSD" and "all-proj LRSD".
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Phillip W K Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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30
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Jensen PWK, Kjellgren ER, Reinholdt P, Ziems KM, Coriani S, Kongsted J, Sauer SPA. Quantum Equation of Motion with Orbital Optimization for Computing Molecular Properties in Near-Term Quantum Computing. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3613-3625. [PMID: 38701352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Determining the properties of molecules and materials is one of the premier applications of quantum computing. A major question in the field is how to use imperfect near-term quantum computers to solve problems of practical value. Inspired by the recently developed variants of the quantum counterpart of the equation-of-motion (qEOM) approach and the orbital-optimized variational quantum eigensolver (oo-VQE), we present a quantum algorithm (oo-VQE-qEOM) for the calculation of molecular properties by computing expectation values on a quantum computer. We perform noise-free quantum simulations of BeH2 in the series of STO-3G/6-31G/6-31G* basis sets and of H4 and H2O in 6-31G using an active space of four electrons and four spatial orbitals (8 qubits) to evaluate excitation energies, electronic absorption, and, for twisted H4, circular dichroism spectra. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reproduce the results of conventional classical CASSCF calculations for these molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W K Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Reinholdt P, Kjellgren ER, Fuglsbjerg JH, Ziems KM, Coriani S, Sauer SPA, Kongsted J. Subspace Methods for the Simulation of Molecular Response Properties on a Quantum Computer. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3729-3740. [PMID: 38691524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We explore Davidson methods for obtaining excitation energies and other linear response properties within the recently developed quantum self-consistent linear response (q-sc-LR) method. Davidson-type methods allow for obtaining only a few selected excitation energies without explicitly constructing the electronic Hessian since they only require the ability to perform Hessian-vector multiplications. We apply the Davidson method to calculate the excitation energies of hydrogen chains (up to H10) and analyze aspects of statistical noise for computing excitation energies on quantum simulators. Additionally, we apply Davidson methods for computing linear response properties such as static polarizabilities for H2, LiH, H2O, OH-, and NH3, and show that unitary coupled cluster outperforms classical projected coupled cluster for molecular systems with strong correlation. Finally, we formulate the Davidson method for damped (complex) linear response, with application to the nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption of ammonia, and the C6 coefficients of H2, LiH, H2O, OH-, and NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Karl Michael Ziems
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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32
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Kothoori NPS, Sivasakthi P, Baithy M, Misra R, Samanta PK. Rational design and investigation of nonlinear optical response properties of pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY-based novel push-pull chromophores. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15560-15570. [PMID: 38756482 PMCID: PMC11097754 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based chromophores are highly sought after for designing near-infrared (NIR) absorbing and emitting dyes as well as for designing materials for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. The properties of these 'push-pull' molecules can easily be modified by varying the electronic donor (D) and acceptor (A) groups as well as the π-conjugation linker. This study presents a methodical approach and employs quantum chemical analysis to explore the relationship between the structural features, electro-optical properties, and the NLO characteristics of molecules with D-π-A framework. The one- and two-photon absorption (2PA), linear polarizability (α), and first hyperpolarizability (β) of some novel chromophores, consisting of a dimeric aza-Boron Dipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) analogue, called, pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY (PPAB), serving as the acceptor, have been investigated. The electronic donors used in this study are triphenylamine (TPA) and diphenylamine (DPA), and they are conjugated to the acceptor via thienyl or phenylene π-linkers. Additionally, the Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (βHRS), which enables direct estimation of the second-order NLO properties, is calculated for the studied chromophores with 1064 nm excitation in acetonitrile. The β value shows a significant increase with increasing solvent polarity, indicating that the ICT plays a crucial role in shaping the NLO response of the studied molecules. The enhancement of the 2PA cross-section of the investigated molecules can also be achieved by modulating the combinations of donors and linkers. The results of our study indicate that the novel D-π-A molecules designed in this work demonstrate considerably higher hyperpolarizability values than the standard p-nitroaniline, making them promising candidates for future NLO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Pranava Sree Kothoori
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Hyderabad-502329 India
| | - Pandiyan Sivasakthi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Hyderabad-502329 India
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad-500078 India
| | - Mallesham Baithy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Hyderabad-502329 India
| | - Ramprasad Misra
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin-10115 Germany
| | - Pralok K Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Hyderabad-502329 India
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus Hyderabad-500078 India
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33
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Luo X, Zeng Y, Wei H, Zheng X. Host-guest interaction induced room-temperature phosphorescence enhancement of organic dyes: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14071-14078. [PMID: 38687143 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
To achieve the effective regulation of organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in supramolecular systems, the elucidation of host-guest interactions in RTP is of vital importance. Herein, we employed two organic dyes (PYCl and PYBr) and their four host-guest complexes with CB[6] and CB[7] and explored the mechanism of host-guest interaction induced RTP enhancement using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. For the two organic dyes, we found that the better RTP performance of PYBr than PYCl is attributed to intersystem crossing (ISC) augmentation induced by the heavy atom effect. Binding to CB[6] through host-guest interactions can simultaneously accelerate the radiative decay process by increasing the transition dipole moment of T1 → S0 (μT1→S0), block the nonradiative decay process, and promote the ISC process, eventually leading to a remarkably boosted RTP. Upon complexation, the conversion of S1 from 1(n, π*) to 1(π, π*) is key to μT1→S0 enhancement; reduced reorganization energies reflect the suppression of the nonradiative decay process by restricting the rotation of rings A and B in organic dyes. In addition, the promoted ISC process is due to the activation of more ISC channels between S1 and high-lying triplet states with large spin-orbital coupling constants and small energy gap. The case of CB[7]-type complexes is much different, because of the extremely large cavity size of CB[7] for encapsulation. This work proposes the mechanism of host-guest interaction-induced RTP enhancement of organic dyes, thus laying a solid foundation for the rational design of advanced RTP materials based on supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Haoran Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Pham TC, Cho M, Nguyen VN, Nguyen VKT, Kim G, Lee S, Dehaen W, Yoon J, Lee S. Charge Transfer-Promoted Excited State of a Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizer for Efficient Application of Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescence Imaging and Hypoxia Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21699-21708. [PMID: 38634764 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Conventional photosensitizers (PSs) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have shown preliminary success; however, they are often associated with several limitations including potential dark toxicity in healthy tissues, limited efficacy under acidic and hypoxic conditions, suboptimal fluorescence imaging capabilities, and nonspecific targeting during treatment. In response to these challenges, we developed a heavy-atom-free PS, denoted as Cz-SB, by incorporating ethyl carbazole into a thiophene-fused BODIPY core. A comprehensive investigation into the photophysical properties of Cz-SB was conducted through a synergistic approach involving experimental and computational investigations. The enhancement of intersystem crossing (kISC) and fluorescence emission (kfl) rate constants was achieved through a donor-acceptor pair-mediated charge transfer mechanism. Consequently, Cz-SB demonstrated remarkable efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under acidic and low-oxygen conditions, making it particularly effective for hypoxic cancer PDT. Furthermore, Cz-SB exhibited good biocompatibility, fluorescence imaging capabilities, and a high degree of localization within the mitochondria of living cells. We posit that Cz-SB holds substantial prospects as a versatile PS with innovative molecular design, representing a potential "one-for-all" solution in the realm of cancer phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Moonyeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Van Kieu Thuy Nguyen
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seongman Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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35
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Chan M, Verstraelen T, Tehrani A, Richer M, Yang XD, Kim TD, Vöhringer-Martinez E, Heidar-Zadeh F, Ayers PW. The tale of HORTON: Lessons learned in a decade of scientific software development. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:162501. [PMID: 38651814 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
HORTON is a free and open-source electronic-structure package written primarily in Python 3 with some underlying C++ components. While HORTON's development has been mainly directed by the research interests of its leading contributing groups, it is designed to be easily modified, extended, and used by other developers of quantum chemistry methods or post-processing techniques. Most importantly, HORTON adheres to modern principles of software development, including modularity, readability, flexibility, comprehensive documentation, automatic testing, version control, and quality-assurance protocols. This article explains how the principles and structure of HORTON have evolved since we started developing it more than a decade ago. We review the features and functionality of the latest HORTON release (version 2.3) and discuss how HORTON is evolving to support electronic structure theory research for the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alireza Tehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Michelle Richer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Xiaotian Derrick Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Taewon David Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
| | - Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
- Departamento de Físico Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, 4070371 Concepción, Chile
| | - Farnaz Heidar-Zadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L-3N6, Canada
| | - Paul W Ayers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S-4L8, Canada
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36
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Focke K, De Santis M, Wolter M, Martinez B JA, Vallet V, Pereira Gomes AS, Olejniczak M, Jacob CR. Interoperable workflows by exchanging grid-based data between quantum-chemical program packages. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:162503. [PMID: 38686818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum-chemical subsystem and embedding methods require complex workflows that may involve multiple quantum-chemical program packages. Moreover, such workflows require the exchange of voluminous data that go beyond simple quantities, such as molecular structures and energies. Here, we describe our approach for addressing this interoperability challenge by exchanging electron densities and embedding potentials as grid-based data. We describe the approach that we have implemented to this end in a dedicated code, PyEmbed, currently part of a Python scripting framework. We discuss how it has facilitated the development of quantum-chemical subsystem and embedding methods and highlight several applications that have been enabled by PyEmbed, including wave-function theory (WFT) in density-functional theory (DFT) embedding schemes mixing non-relativistic and relativistic electronic structure methods, real-time time-dependent DFT-in-DFT approaches, the density-based many-body expansion, and workflows including real-space data analysis and visualization. Our approach demonstrates, in particular, the merits of exchanging (complex) grid-based data and, in general, the potential of modular software development in quantum chemistry, which hinges upon libraries that facilitate interoperability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Focke
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matteo De Santis
- CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mario Wolter
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jessica A Martinez B
- CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Valérie Vallet
- CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Małgorzata Olejniczak
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph R Jacob
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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37
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Jørgensen P, Olsen J, Johansen MB, von Buchwald TJ, Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Mikkelsen KV, Helgaker T. A variational reformulation of molecular properties in electronic-structure theory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3454. [PMID: 38657075 PMCID: PMC11042728 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Conventional quantum-mechanical calculations of molecular properties, such as dipole moments and electronic excitation energies, give errors that depend linearly on the error in the wave function. An exception is the electronic energy, whose error depends quadratically on the error in wave function. We here describe how all properties may be calculated with a quadratic error, by setting up a variational Lagrangian for the property of interest. Because the construction of the Lagrangian is less expensive than the calculation of the wave function, this approach substantially improves the accuracy of quantum-chemical calculations without increasing cost. As illustrated for excitation energies, this approach enables the accurate calculation of molecular properties for larger systems, with a short time-to-solution and in a manner well suited for modern computer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Magnus Bukhave Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Theo Juncker von Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 260, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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38
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Escobar Azor M, Alrakik A, de Bentzmann L, Telleria-Allika X, Sánchez de Merás A, Evangelisti S, Berger JA. The Emergence of the Hexagonal Lattice in Two-Dimensional Wigner Fragments. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3571-3575. [PMID: 38526852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
At very low density, the electrons in a uniform electron gas spontaneously break symmetry and form a crystalline lattice called a Wigner crystal. But which type of crystal will the electrons form? We report a numerical study of the density profiles of fragments of Wigner crystals from first principles. To simulate Wigner fragments, we use Clifford periodic boundary conditions and a renormalized distance in the Coulomb potential. Moreover, we show that high-spin restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock theory becomes exact in the low-density limit. We are thus able to accurately capture the localization in two-dimensional Wigner fragments with many electrons. No assumptions about the positions where the electrons will localize are made. The density profiles we obtain emerge naturally when we minimize the total energy of the system. We clearly observe the emergence of the hexagonal crystal structure, which has been predicted to be the ground-state structure of the two-dimensional Wigner crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Escobar Azor
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), https://www.etsf.eu/
| | - Amer Alrakik
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Louan de Bentzmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Xabier Telleria-Allika
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Spain
| | | | - Stefano Evangelisti
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - J Arjan Berger
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), https://www.etsf.eu/
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39
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Di Prima D, Reinholdt P, Kongsted J. Color Tuning in Bovine Rhodopsin through Polarizable Embedding. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38489248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Bovine rhodopsin is among the most studied proteins in the rhodopsin family. Its primary activation mechanism is the photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal, triggered by the absorption of a UV-visible photon. Different mutants of the same rhodopsin show different absorption wavelengths due to the influence of the specific amino acid residues forming the cavity in which the retinal chromophore is embedded, and rhodopsins activated at different wavelengths are, for example, exploited in the field of optogenetics. In this letter, we present a procedure for systematically investigating color tuning in models of bovine rhodopsin and a set of its mutants embedded in a membrane bilayer. Vertical excitation energy calculations were carried out with the polarizable embedding potential for describing the environment surrounding the chromophore. We show that polarizable embedding outperformed regular electrostatic embedding in determining both the vertical excitation energies and associated oscillator strengths of the systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duccio Di Prima
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
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40
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Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Jensen F, Mikkelsen KV, Olsen J, Jørgensen P. Cluster perturbation theory IX: Perturbation series for the coupled cluster singles and doubles ground state energy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104108. [PMID: 38477336 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we develop and analyze a number of perturbation series that target the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) ground state energy. We show how classical Møller-Plesset perturbation theory series can be restructured to target the CCSD energy based on a reference CCS calculation and how the corresponding cluster perturbation series differs from the classical Møller-Plesset perturbation series. Subsequently, we reformulate these series using the coupled cluster Lagrangian framework to obtain series, where fourth and fifth order energies are determined only using parameters through second order. To test the methods, we perform a series of test calculations on molecular photoswitches of both total energies and reaction energies. We find that the fifth order reaction energies are of CCSD quality and that they are of comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art approximations to the CCSD energy based on local pair natural orbitals. The advantage of the present approach over local correlation methods is the absence of user defined threshold parameters for neglecting or approximating contributions to the correlation energy. Fixed threshold parameters lead to discontinuous energy surfaces, although this effect is often small enough to be ignored, but the present approach has a differentiable energy that will facilitate derivation and implementation of gradients and higher derivatives. A further advantage is that the calculation of the perturbation correction is non-iterative and can, therefore, be calculated in parallel, leading to a short time-to-solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Poul Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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41
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Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Mikkelsen KV, Martinez TJ. Tensor Hypercontraction of Cluster Perturbation Theory: Quartic Scaling Perturbation Series for the Coupled Cluster Singles and Doubles Ground-State Energies. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1932-1943. [PMID: 38380846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Even though cluster perturbation theory has been shown to be a robust noniterative alternative to coupled cluster theory, it is still plagued by high order polynomial computational scaling and the storage of higher order tensors. We present a proof-of-concept strategy for implementing a cluster perturbation theory ground-state energy series for the coupled cluster singles and doubles energy with N4 computational scaling using tensor hypercontraction (THC). The reduction in computational scaling by two orders is achieved by decomposing two electron repulsion integrals, doubles amplitudes and multipliers, as well as selected double intermediates to the THC format. Using the outlined strategy, we showcase that the THC pilot implementations retain numerical accuracy to within 1 kcal/mol relative to corresponding conventional and density fitting implementations, and we empirically verify the N4 scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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42
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Jaiswal VK, Taddei M, Nascimento DR, Garavelli M, Conti I, Nenov A. Reconciling TD-DFT and CASPT2 electronic structure methods for describing the photophysics of DNA. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:443-452. [PMID: 38356286 DOI: 10.1111/php.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) are two of the most widely used methods to investigate photoinduced dynamics in DNA-based systems. These methods sometimes give diverse dynamics in physiological environments usually modeled by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) protocol. In this work, we demonstrate for the uridine test case that the underlying topology of the potential energy surfaces of electronic states involved in photoinduced relaxation is similar in both electronic structure methods. This is verified by analyzing surface-hopping dynamics performed at the QM/MM level on aqueous solvated uridine at TD-DFT and CASPT2 levels. By constraining the dynamics to remain onπ π * state we observe similar fluctuations in energy and relaxation lifetimes in surface-hopping dynamics in both TD-DFT and experimentally validated CASPT2 methods. This finding calls for a systematic comparison of the ES potential energy surfaces of DNA and RNA nucleosides at the single- and multi-reference levels of theory. The anomalous long excited state lifetime at the TD-DFT level is explained byn π * trapping due to the tendency of TD-DFT in QM/MM schemes with electrostatic embedding to underestimate the energy of theπ π * state leading to a wrongπ π * / n π * energetic order. A study of the FC energetics suggests that improving the description of the surrounding environment through polarizable embedding or by the expansion of QM layer with hydrogen-bonded waters helps restore the correct state order at TD-DFT level. Thus by combining TDDFT with an accurate modeling of the environment, TD-DFT is positioned as the standout protocol to model photoinduced dynamics in DNA-based aggregates and multimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Taddei
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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43
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Jessen LM, Sauer SPA. On the performance of HRPA(D) for NMR spin-spin coupling constants: Smaller molecules, aromatic and fluoroaromatic compounds. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:064102. [PMID: 38341775 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the performance of the doubles-corrected higher random-phase approximation [HRPA(D)] has been investigated in calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) for 58 molecules with the experimental values used as the reference values. HRPA(D) is an approximation to the second-order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) and is, therefore, computationally less expensive than SOPPA. HRPA(D) performs comparable and sometimes even better than SOPPA, and therefore, when calculating SSCCs, it should be considered as an alternative to SOPPA. Furthermore, it was investigated whether a coupled-cluster singles, doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] or Møller-Plesset second order (MP2) geometry optimization was optimal for a SOPPA and a HRPA(D) SSCC calculation for eight smaller molecules. CCSD(T) is the optimal geometry optimization for the SOPPA calculation, and MP2 was optimal for HRPA(D) SSCC calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Møller Jessen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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44
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Zhang Q, Liu T, Shi Z, Zheng Z, Lv C, Wang X, Zhang Y. Narrowband TADF emitters with high utilization of triplet excitons: theoretical insights and molecular design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5147-5155. [PMID: 38259229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05439j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Narrowband emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) features, known as multi-resonant TADF (MR-TADF) emitters, are drawing increasing research interest owing to their properties of high efficiency and excellent color purity. However, MR-TADF-based devices often face serious efficiency roll-off at high luminance intensity, which could be attributed to undesired triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) caused by the structural planarity and relatively small reverse intersystem crossing rate constants (krisc) of MR-TADF emitters. Herein, combining a sp3-C inserted strategy to suppress harmful bimolecular interactions and chalcogens to improve the krisc, a series of asymmetric narrowband emitters, namely, DMAC-O, DMAC-S, and DMAC-Se, have been theoretically designed to break the slow rate-limiting step of krisc of experimental BN-DMAC. For comparison, both O and Se atoms were doped into the MR skeleton to substitute two sp3-inserted units, yielding BN-O-Se. The combination of TD-DFT and the wavefunction-based STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD approach exhibits that those asymmetric molecules are promising for simultaneously exhibiting narrow emission spectral full-width at half-maximums (FWHMs) and high luminous efficiencies. The contributions of chalcogens to hole distributions result in red-shifted fluorescent peaks, and the asymmetric strategy also helps with twisted molecular configuration, which is beneficial for suppressing unfavorable TTA. Furthermore, the incorporation of chalcogens is sufficient to promote the intersystem crossing and reverse intersystem crossing channels of asymmetric emitters. More importantly, the doped heavy Se atom results in a significantly increased krisc of 2.32 × 106 s-1 for DMAC-Se, which is more than 200 times larger than 1.09 × 104 s-1 of pristine BN-DMAC. These results suggest that the combination of the heavy Se atom and an sp3-inserted unit is a feasible strategy for achieving poor planarity and significantly enhancing krisc, which will help in harvesting triplet excitons, thereby inhibiting efficiency roll-off in corresponding narrowband devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Rd. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Rd. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhouyang Shi
- Zhejiang Jiuhe Geological and Ecological Environment Planning and Design Co., LTD, Huzhou, 313002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Anji Branch of Huzhou Ecological Environment Bureau, Huzhou, 313300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Lv
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Rd. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road No. 688, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Tejendra B, Rajput SS, Alam MM. A Curious Case of Two-Photon Absorption in n-Helicene and n-Phenylene, n=6-10: Why n=7 is Different? Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300710. [PMID: 37936568 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
n-Helicenes and n-Phenylenes are interesting examples of twisted molecules, where although the atoms are connected through conjugated π ${\pi }$ -bonds, the π ${\pi }$ -conjugation is largely hindered by the twisted nature of the bonds. Such structures provide a unique opportunity to study the effect of twisted π ${\pi }$ -system on non-linear optical properties. In this work, we studied the two-photon absorption in donor-acceptor substituted n-helicenes and n-phenylenes employing the state-of-the-art RI-CC2 method and reported a unique feature we observed in n=7 systems. We found that both 7-helicene and 7-phenylene systems exhibit largest two-photon absorption than other members in their respective classes. Furthermore, using generalized few-state model, we provided a detailed microscopic mechanism of this unique observation involving participation of different transition dipole moment vectors and their relative orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banana Tejendra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491001, India
| | - Swati Singh Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491001, India
| | - M Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491001, India
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46
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Gleeson R, Aggelund PA, Østergaard FC, Schaltz KF, Sauer SPA. Exploring Alternate Methods for the Calculation of High-Level Vibrational Corrections of NMR Spin-Spin Coupling Constants. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38299500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) calculations typically treat systems with a Born-Oppenheimer-derived electronic wave function that is solved for a fixed nuclear geometry. One can numerically account for this neglected nuclear motion by averaging over property values for all nuclear geometries with a vibrational wave function and adding this expectation value as a correction to an equilibrium geometry property value. Presented are benchmark coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) vibrational corrections to spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) computed at the level of vibrational second-order perturbation theory (VPT2) using the vibrational averaging driver of the CFOUR program. As CCSD calculations of vibrational corrections are very costly, cheaper electronic structure methods are explored via a newly developed Python vibrational averaging program within the Dalton Project. Namely, results obtained with the second-order polarization propagator approximation (SOPPA) and density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP and PBE0 exchange-correlation functionals are compared to the benchmark CCSD//CCSD(T) and experimental values. CCSD//CCSD(T) corrections are also combined with literature CC3 equilibrium geometry values to form the highest-order vibrationally corrected values available (i.e., CC3//CCSD(T) + CCSD//CCSD(T)). CCSD//CCSD(T) statistics showed favorable statistics in comparison to experimental values, albeit at an unfavorably high computational cost. A cheaper CCSD//CCSD(T) + B3LYP method showed quite similar mean absolute deviation (MAD) values as CCSD//CCSD(T), concluding that CCSD//CCSD(T) + B3LYP is optimal in terms of cost and accuracy. With reference to experimental values, a vibrational correction was not worth the cost for all of the other methods tested. Finally, deviation statistics showed that CC3//CCSD(T) + CCSD//CCSD(T) vibrational-corrected equilibrium values deteriorated in comparison to CCSD//CCSD(T) attributed to the use of a smaller basis set or lack of solvation effects for the CC3 equilibrium calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Gleeson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick A Aggelund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper F Schaltz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan P A Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Valiev RR, Nasibullin RT, Merzlikin BS, Khoroshkin K, Cherepanov VN, Sundholm D. Internal conversion induced by external electric and magnetic fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2945-2950. [PMID: 38205797 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a new methodology for calculating contributions to the rate constants (kIC) of internal conversion that are induced by external electric (kIC-E) or magnetic (kIC-M) fields. The influence of the external electric and magnetic fields on the kIC was estimated for seven representative molecules. We show that the kIC-E contribution calculated at a field strength of 1011 V m-1 is generally as large as the kIC rate constant in the absence of the external field. For indocyanine green, azaoxa[8]circulene, and pyromitene 567, the kIC-E contribution is as large as kIC already at a field strength of 109 V m-1. Such electric-field strengths occur for example in plasmonic studies and in strong laser-field experiments. The induced effect on the kIC rate constant should be accounted for in calculations of photophysical properties of molecules involved in such experiments. The induced effect of an external magnetic field on kIC can be neglected in experiments on Earth because the magnetic contribution becomes significant only at very strong magnetic fields of 104-105 T that cannot be achieved on Earth. However, the magnetic effect on the rate constant of internal conversion can be important in astrophysical studies, where extremely strong magnetic fields occur near neutron stars and white dwarfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - B S Merzlikin
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K Khoroshkin
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - D Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Liasi Z, Jensen L, Mikkelsen KV. A Combined Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics Approach for Simulating the Optical Properties of DNA-Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:937-945. [PMID: 38164716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters have emerged as an intriguing type of nanomaterial due to their unique optical and electronic properties, with potential applications in areas such as biosensing and imaging. The development of efficient methods for modeling these properties is paramount for furthering the understanding and utilization of these clusters. In this study, a hybrid quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical approach for modeling the optical properties of a DNA-templated silver nanocluster is evaluated. The influence of different parameters, including ligand fragmentation, damping, embedding potential, basis set, and density functional, is investigated. The results demonstrate that the most important parameter is the type of atomic properties used to represent the ligands, with isotropic dipole-dipole polarizabilities outperforming the rest. This underscores the importance of an appropriate representation of the ligands, particularly through the selection of the properties used to represent them. Moreover, the results are compared to experimental data, showing that the applied methodology is reliable and effective for the modeling of DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters. These findings offer valuable insights that may guide future computational efforts to explore and harness the potential of these novel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Liasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
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Yuan X, Halbert L, Pototschnig JV, Papadopoulos A, Coriani S, Visscher L, Pereira Gomes AS. Formulation and Implementation of Frequency-Dependent Linear Response Properties with Relativistic Coupled Cluster Theory for GPU-Accelerated Computer Architectures. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:677-694. [PMID: 38193434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We present the development and implementation of relativistic coupled cluster linear response theory (CC-LR), which allows the determination of molecular properties arising from time-dependent or time-independent electric, magnetic, or mixed electric-magnetic perturbations (within a common gauge origin for the magnetic properties) as well as taking into account the finite lifetime of excited states in the framework of damped response theory. We showcase our implementation, which is capable to offload the computationally intensive tensor contractions characteristic of coupled cluster theory onto graphical processing units, in the calculation of (a) frequency-(in)dependent dipole-dipole polarizabilities of IIB atoms and selected diatomic molecules, with a particular emphasis on the calculation of valence absorption cross sections for the I2 molecule; (b) indirect spin-spin coupling constants for benchmark systems such as the hydrogen halides (HX, X = F-I) as well the H2Se-H2O dimer as a prototypical system containing hydrogen bonds; and (c) optical rotations at the sodium D line for hydrogen peroxide analogues (H2Y2, Y = O, S, Se, Te). Thanks to this implementation, we are able to show the similarities in performance, but often the significant discrepancies, between CC-LR and approximate methods such as density functional theory. Comparing standard CC response theory with the flavor based upon the equation of motion formalism, we find that for valence properties such as polarizabilities, the two frameworks yield very similar results across the periodic table as found elsewhere in the literature; for properties that probe the core region, such as spin-spin couplings, on the other hand, we show a progressive differentiation between the two as relativistic effects become more important. Our results also suggest that as one goes down the periodic table, it may become increasingly difficult to measure pure optical rotation at the sodium D line due to the appearance of absorbing states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523─PhLAM─Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loïc Halbert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523─PhLAM─Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Johann Valentin Pototschnig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasios Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Dong X, Thompson LM. Time propagation of electronic wavefunctions using nonorthogonal determinant expansions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024106. [PMID: 38189613 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of truncated configuration interaction in real-time time-dependent simulations of electron dynamics provides a balance of computational cost and accuracy, while avoiding some of the failures associated with real-time time-dependent density functional theory. However, low-order truncated configuration interaction also has limitations, such as overestimation of polarizability in configuration interaction singles, even when perturbative doubles are included. Increasing the size of the determinant expansion may not be computationally feasible, and so, in this work, we investigate the use of nonorthogonality in the determinant expansion to establish the extent to which higher-order substitutions can be recovered, providing an improved description of electron dynamics. Model systems are investigated to quantify the extent to which different methods accurately reproduce the (hyper)polarizability, including the high-harmonic generation spectrum of H2, water, and butadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40205, USA
| | - Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40205, USA
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