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Gao L, Lee H, Goodman JH, Ding L. Hematopoietic stem cell niche generation and maintenance are distinguishable by an epitranscriptomic program. Cell 2024; 187:2801-2816.e17. [PMID: 38657601 PMCID: PMC11148849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The niche is typically considered as a pre-established structure sustaining stem cells. Therefore, the regulation of its formation remains largely unexplored. Whether distinct molecular mechanisms control the establishment versus maintenance of a stem cell niche is unknown. To address this, we compared perinatal and adult bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a key component of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. MSCs exhibited enrichment in genes mediating m6A mRNA methylation at the perinatal stage and downregulated the expression of Mettl3, the m6A methyltransferase, shortly after birth. Deletion of Mettl3 from developing MSCs but not osteoblasts led to excessive osteogenic differentiation and a severe HSC niche formation defect, which was significantly rescued by deletion of Klf2, an m6A target. In contrast, deletion of Mettl3 from MSCs postnatally did not affect HSC niche. Stem cell niche generation and maintenance thus depend on divergent molecular mechanisms, which may be exploited for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Gao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Heather Lee
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua H Goodman
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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2
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Hirakawa H, Gao L, Tavakol DN, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Ding L. Cellular plasticity of the bone marrow niche promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1941-1952. [PMID: 37857934 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate after myeloablation, a procedure that adversely disrupts the bone marrow and drives leptin receptor-expressing cells, a key niche component, to differentiate extensively into adipocytes. Regeneration of the bone marrow niche is associated with the resolution of adipocytes, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using Plin1-creER knock-in mice, we followed the fate of adipocytes in the regenerating niche in vivo. We found that bone marrow adipocytes were highly dynamic and dedifferentiated to leptin receptor-expressing cells during regeneration after myeloablation. Bone marrow adipocytes could give rise to osteolineage cells after skeletal injury. The cellular fate of steady-state bone marrow adipocytes was also plastic. Deletion of adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) from bone marrow stromal cells, including adipocytes, obstructed adipocyte dedifferentiation and led to severely compromised regeneration of HSCs as well as impaired B lymphopoiesis after myeloablation, but not in the steady state. Thus, the regeneration of HSCs and their niche depends on the cellular plasticity of bone marrow adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hirakawa
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Longfei Gao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Naveed Tavakol
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Sarkaria SM, Zhou J, Bao S, Zhao W, Fang Y, Que J, Bhagat G, Zhang C, Ding L. Systematic dissection of coordinated stromal remodeling identifies Sox10 + glial cells as a therapeutic target in myelofibrosis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:832-850.e6. [PMID: 37267917 PMCID: PMC10240254 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the tissue niche is often evident in diseases, yet, the stromal alterations and their contribution to pathogenesis are poorly characterized. Bone marrow fibrosis is a maladaptive feature of primary myelofibrosis (PMF). We performed lineage tracing and found that most collagen-expressing myofibroblasts were derived from leptin-receptor-positive (LepR+) mesenchymal cells, whereas a minority were from Gli1-lineage cells. Deletion of Gli1 did not impact PMF. Unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) confirmed that virtually all myofibroblasts originated from LepR-lineage cells, with reduced expression of hematopoietic niche factors and increased expression of fibrogenic factors. Concurrently, endothelial cells upregulated arteriolar-signature genes. Pericytes and Sox10+ glial cells expanded drastically with heightened cell-cell signaling, suggesting important functional roles in PMF. Chemical or genetic ablation of bone marrow glial cells ameliorated fibrosis and improved other pathology in PMF. Thus, PMF involves complex remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment, and glial cells represent a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Sarkaria
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Junsong Zhou
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Suying Bao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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4
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Lee Y, DiMaulo-Milk E, Leslie J, Ding L. Hematopoietic stem cells temporally transition to thrombopoietin dependence in the fetal liver. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7688. [PMID: 35294228 PMCID: PMC8926339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue stem cells temporally change intrinsic mechanisms to meet physiological demands. However, little is known whether and how stem cells rely on distinct extrinsic maintenance mechanisms over time. Here, we found that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) temporally transition to depend on thrombopoietin (TPO), a key extrinsic factor, from E16.5 onward in the developing liver. Deletion of Tpo reduced mTOR activity, induced differentiation gene expression, and preferentially depleted metabolically active HSCs. Ectopic activation of the JAK2 or MAPK pathway did not rescue HSCs in Tpo-/- mice. Enforced activation of the mTOR pathway by conditionally deleting Tsc1 significantly rescued HSCs and their gene expression in Tpo-/- mice. Lin28b intrinsically promoted mTOR activation in HSCs, and its expression diminished over time. Conditional deletion of Lin28b further reduced mTOR activity and strongly exacerbated HSC depletion in Tpo-/- mice. Therefore, HSCs temporally transition from intrinsic LIN28B-dependent to extrinsic TPO-dependent maintenance in the developing liver.
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Lee Y, Leslie J, Yang Y, Ding L. Hepatic stellate and endothelial cells maintain hematopoietic stem cells in the developing liver. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211519. [PMID: 33151261 PMCID: PMC7649724 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver maintains hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during development. However, it is not clear what cells are the components of the developing liver niche in vivo. Here, we genetically dissected the developing liver niche by systematically determining the cellular source of a key HSC niche factor, stem cell factor (SCF). Most HSCs were closely associated with sinusoidal vasculature. Using Scfgfp knockin mice, we found that Scf was primarily expressed by endothelial and perisinusoidal hepatic stellate cells. Conditional deletion of Scf from hepatocytes, hematopoietic cells, Ng2+ cells, or endothelial cells did not affect HSC number or function. Deletion of Scf from hepatic stellate cells depleted HSCs. Nearly all HSCs were lost when Scf was deleted from both endothelial and hepatic stellate cells. The expression of several niche factors was down-regulated in stellate cells around birth, when HSCs egress the developing liver. Thus, hepatic stellate and endothelial cells create perisinusoidal vascular HSC niche in the developing liver by producing SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojin Lee
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Juliana Leslie
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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6
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Gao L, Decker M, Chen H, Ding L. Thrombopoietin from hepatocytes promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after myeloablation. eLife 2021; 10:e69894. [PMID: 34463253 PMCID: PMC8457823 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow niche plays critical roles in hematopoietic recovery and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration after myeloablative stress. However, it is not clear whether systemic factors beyond the local niche are required for these essential processes in vivo. Thrombopoietin (THPO) is a key cytokine promoting hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation and its transcripts are expressed by multiple cellular sources. The upregulation of bone marrow-derived THPO has been proposed to be crucial for hematopoietic recovery and HSC regeneration after stress. Nonetheless, the cellular source of THPO in myeloablative stress has never been investigated genetically. We assessed the functional sources of THPO following two common myeloablative perturbations: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration and irradiation. Using a Thpo translational reporter, we found that the liver but not the bone marrow is the major source of THPO protein after myeloablation. Mice with conditional Thpo deletion from osteoblasts and/or bone marrow stromal cells showed normal recovery of HSCs and hematopoiesis after myeloablation. In contrast, mice with conditional Thpo deletion from hepatocytes showed significant defects in HSC regeneration and hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation. Thus, systemic THPO from the liver is necessary for HSC regeneration and hematopoietic recovery in myeloablative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Gao
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Matthew Decker
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Haidee Chen
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lei Ding
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United StatesNew YorkUnited States
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7
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Horton PD, Dumbali S, Wenzel PL. Mechanoregulation in hematopoiesis and hematologic disorders. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2020; 6:86-95. [PMID: 33094091 PMCID: PMC7577202 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are reliant on intrinsic and extrinsic factors for tight control of self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and homing. Given the intimate relationship between HSCs and their niche, increasing numbers of studies are examining how biophysical cues in the hematopoietic microenvironment impact HSC functions. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous mechanosensors are present on hematopoietic cells, including integrins, mechanosensitive ion channels, and primary cilia. Integrin-ligand adhesion, in particular, has been found to be critical for homing and anchoring of HSCs and progenitors in the bone marrow. Integrin-mediated interactions with ligands present on extracellular matrix and endothelial cells are key to establishing long-term engraftment and quiescence of HSCs. Importantly, disruption in the architecture and cellular composition of the bone marrow associated with conditioning regimens and primary myelofibrosis exposes HSCs to a profoundly distinct mechanical environment, with potential implications for progression of hematologic dysfunction and pathologies. SUMMARY Study of the mechanobiological signals that govern hematopoiesis represents an important future step toward understanding HSC biology in homeostasis, aging, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina D. Horton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L. Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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8
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Choi JH, Zhong X, Zhang Z, Su L, McAlpine W, Misawa T, Liao TC, Zhan X, Russell J, Ludwig S, Li X, Tang M, Anderton P, Moresco EMY, Beutler B. Essential cell-extrinsic requirement for PDIA6 in lymphoid and myeloid development. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133654. [PMID: 31985756 PMCID: PMC7144532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a forward genetic screen of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–induced mutant mice for aberrant immune function, we identified mice with a syndromic disorder marked by growth retardation, diabetes, premature death, and severe lymphoid and myeloid hypoplasia together with diminished T cell–independent (TI) antibody responses. The causative mutation was in Pdia6, an essential gene encoding protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PDIA6), an oxidoreductase that functions in nascent protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. The immune deficiency caused by the Pdia6 mutation was, with the exception of a residual T cell developmental defect, completely rescued in irradiated wild-type recipients of PDIA6-deficient bone marrow cells, both in the absence or presence of competition. The viable hypomorphic allele uncovered in these studies reveals an essential role for PDIA6 in hematopoiesis, but one extrinsic to cells of the hematopoietic lineage. We show evidence that this role is in the proper folding of Wnt3a, BAFF, IL-7, and perhaps other factors produced by the extra-hematopoietic compartment that contribute to the development and lineage commitment of hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xue Zhong
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lijing Su
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - William McAlpine
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Takuma Misawa
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Tzu-Chieh Liao
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jamie Russell
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Sara Ludwig
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Miao Tang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Priscilla Anderton
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eva Marie Y Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Irons EE, Lee-Sundlov MM, Zhu Y, Neelamegham S, Hoffmeister KM, Lau JT. B cells suppress medullary granulopoiesis by an extracellular glycosylation-dependent mechanism. eLife 2019; 8:47328. [PMID: 31408003 PMCID: PMC6713473 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response relies on the integration of cell-intrinsic processes with cell-extrinsic cues. During infection, B cells vacate the marrow during emergency granulopoiesis but return upon restoration of homeostasis. Here we report a novel glycosylation-mediated crosstalk between marrow B cells and hematopoietic progenitors. Human B cells secrete active ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase that remodels progenitor cell surface glycans to suppress granulopoiesis. In mouse models, ST6GAL1 from B cells alters the sialylation profile of bone marrow populations, and mature IgD+ B cells were enriched in sialylated bone marrow niches. In clinical multiple myeloma, ST6GAL1 abundance in the multiple myeloma cells negatively correlated with neutrophil abundance. These observations highlight not only the ability of medullary B cells to influence blood cell production, but also the disruption to normal granulopoiesis by excessive ST6GAL1 in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Irons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States
| | | | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | | | - Joseph Ty Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States
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10
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Heterocellular molecular contacts in the mammalian stem cell niche. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:442-461. [PMID: 30025618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis and repair relies on prompt and appropriate intervention by tissue-specific adult stem cells (SCs). SCs have the ability to self-renew; upon appropriate stimulation, they proliferate and give rise to specialized cells. An array of environmental signals is important for maintenance of the SC pool and SC survival, behavior, and fate. Within this special microenvironment, commonly known as the stem cell niche (SCN), SC behavior and fate are regulated by soluble molecules and direct molecular contacts via adhesion molecules providing connections to local supporting cells and the extracellular matrix. Besides the extensively discussed array of soluble molecules, the expression of adhesion molecules and molecular contacts is another fundamental mechanism regulating niche occupancy and SC mobilization upon activation. Some adhesion molecules are differentially expressed and have tissue-specific consequences, likely reflecting the structural differences in niche composition and design, especially the presence or absence of a stromal counterpart. However, the distribution and identity of intercellular molecular contacts for adhesion and adhesion-mediated signaling within stromal and non-stromal SCN have not been thoroughly studied. This review highlights common details or significant differences in cell-to-cell contacts within representative stromal and non-stromal niches that could unveil new standpoints for stem cell biology and therapy.
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11
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Quantitative spatial analysis of haematopoiesis-regulating stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment by 3D microscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2532. [PMID: 29955044 PMCID: PMC6023894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinusoidal endothelial cells and mesenchymal CXCL12-abundant reticular cells are principal bone marrow stromal components, which critically modulate haematopoiesis at various levels, including haematopoietic stem cell maintenance. These stromal subsets are thought to be scarce and function via highly specific interactions in anatomically confined niches. Yet, knowledge on their abundance, global distribution and spatial associations remains limited. Using three-dimensional quantitative microscopy we show that sinusoidal endothelial and mesenchymal reticular subsets are remarkably more abundant than estimated by conventional flow cytometry. Moreover, both cell types assemble in topologically complex networks, associate to extracellular matrix and pervade marrow tissues. Through spatial statistical methods we challenge previous models and demonstrate that even in the absence of major specific interaction forces, virtually all tissue-resident cells are invariably in physical contact with, or close proximity to, mesenchymal reticular and sinusoidal endothelial cells. We further show that basic structural features of these stromal components are preserved during ageing. The bone marrow microenvironment modulates haematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, the authors use 3D microscopy to map the topography of haematopoietic stem cell niche stromal components.
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12
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Wnt Signaling in Hematological Malignancies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:321-341. [PMID: 29389522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma are a wide encompassing term for a diverse set of blood malignancies that affect people of all ages and result in approximately 23,000 deaths in the United States per year (Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(1):7-30.). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tissue-specific stem cells at the apex of the hierarchy that gives rise to all of the terminally differentiated blood cells, through progressively restricted progenitor populations, a process that is known to be Wnt-responsive. In particular, the progenitor populations are subject to uncontrolled expansion during oncogenic processes, namely the common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor, as well as the myeloblast and lymphoblast. Unregulated growth of these cell-types leads to mainly three types of blood cancers (i.e., leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma), which frequently exhibit deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Generally, leukemia is caused by the expansion of myeloid progenitors, leading to an overproduction of white blood cells; as such, patients are unable to make sufficient numbers of red blood cells and platelets. Likewise, an overproduction of lymphocytes leads to clogging of the lymph system and impairment of the immune system in lymphomas. Finally, cancer of the plasma cells in the blood is called myeloma, which also leads to immune system failure. Within each of these three types of blood cancers, there are multiple subtypes, usually characterized by their timeline of onset and their cell type of origin. Of these, 85% of leukemias are encompassed by the four most common diseases, that is, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); AML accounts for the majority of leukemia-related deaths (Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(1):7-30.). Through understanding how HSCs are normally developed and maintained, we can understand how the normal functions of these pathways are disrupted during blood cancer progression; the Wnt pathway is important in regulation of both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of Wnt signaling in normal and aberrant hematopoiesis. Our understanding the relationship between Wnt and HSCs will provide novel insights into therapeutic targets.
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