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Dhyani N, Tian C, Gao L, Rudebush TL, Zucker IH. Nrf2-Keap1 in Cardiovascular Disease: Which Is the Cart and Which the Horse? Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38687468 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of oxidant stress in the form of reactive oxidant species are prevalent in the circulation and tissues in various types of cardiovascular disease including heart failure, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke. Here we review the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important and widespread antioxidant and anti-inflammatory transcription factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. We review studies showing that downregulation of Nrf2 exacerbates heart failure, hypertension, and autonomic function. Finally, we discuss the potential for using Nrf2 modulation as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases and autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dhyani
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Changhai Tian
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Tara L Rudebush
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Feng J, Zebaze Dongmo S, Zhang Q, Huang S, Liu X, Zhang G, Chen L. Neural Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: key Players in Ischemic Stroke Therapy - A Comprehensive Literature Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4279-4295. [PMID: 38766658 PMCID: PMC11102074 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s451642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, being a prominent contributor to global disability and mortality, lacks an efficacious therapeutic approach in current clinical settings. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a type of stem cell that are only found inside the nervous system. These cells can differentiate into various kinds of cells, potentially regenerating or restoring neural networks within areas of the brain that have been destroyed. This review begins by providing an introduction to the existing therapeutic approaches for ischemic stroke, followed by an examination of the promise and limits associated with the utilization of NSCs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Subsequently, a comprehensive overview was conducted to synthesize the existing literature on the underlying processes of neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (NSC-sEVs) transplantation therapy in the context of ischemic stroke. These mechanisms encompass neuroprotection, inflammatory response suppression, and endogenous nerve and vascular regeneration facilitation. Nevertheless, the clinical translation of NSC-sEVs is hindered by challenges such as inadequate targeting efficacy and insufficient content loading. In light of these limitations, we have compiled an overview of the advancements in utilizing modified NSC-sEVs for treating ischemic stroke based on current methods of extracellular vesicle modification. In conclusion, examining NSC-sEVs-based therapeutic approaches is anticipated to be prominent in both fundamental and applied investigations about ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sonia Zebaze Dongmo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songze Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Arifin DR, Witwer KW, Bulte JWM. Non-Invasive imaging of extracellular vesicles: Quo vaditis in vivo? J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12241. [PMID: 35844061 PMCID: PMC9289215 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer delimited vesicles released by nearly all cell types that serve as mediators of intercellular signalling. Recent evidence has shown that EVs play a key role in many normal as well as pathological cellular processes. EVs can be exploited as disease biomarkers and also as targeted, cell-free therapeutic delivery and signalling vehicles for use in regenerative medicine and other clinical settings. Despite this potential, much remains unknown about the in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles of EVs after administration into living subjects. The ability to non-invasively image exogeneous EVs, especially in larger animals, will allow a better understanding of their in vivo homing and retention patterns, blood and tissue half-life, and excretion pathways, all of which are needed to advance clinical diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications of EVs. We present the current state-of-the-art methods for labeling EVs with various diagnostic contrast agents and tracers and the respective imaging modalities that can be used for their in vivo visualization: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic particle imaging (MPI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging (fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging). We review here the strengths and weaknesses of each of these EV imaging approaches, with special emphasis on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR Researchthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology ProgramInstitute for Cell Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiologythe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Neurologythe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceDivision of MR Researchthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology ProgramInstitute for Cell Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Oncologythe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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4
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Mitrečić D, Hribljan V, Jagečić D, Isaković J, Lamberto F, Horánszky A, Zana M, Foldes G, Zavan B, Pivoriūnas A, Martinez S, Mazzini L, Radenovic L, Milasin J, Chachques JC, Buzanska L, Song MS, Dinnyés A. Regenerative Neurology and Regenerative Cardiology: Shared Hurdles and Achievements. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:855. [PMID: 35055039 PMCID: PMC8776151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
From the first success in cultivation of cells in vitro, it became clear that developing cell and/or tissue specific cultures would open a myriad of new opportunities for medical research. Expertise in various in vitro models has been developing over decades, so nowadays we benefit from highly specific in vitro systems imitating every organ of the human body. Moreover, obtaining sufficient number of standardized cells allows for cell transplantation approach with the goal of improving the regeneration of injured/disease affected tissue. However, different cell types bring different needs and place various types of hurdles on the path of regenerative neurology and regenerative cardiology. In this review, written by European experts gathered in Cost European action dedicated to neurology and cardiology-Bioneca, we present the experience acquired by working on two rather different organs: the brain and the heart. When taken into account that diseases of these two organs, mostly ischemic in their nature (stroke and heart infarction), bring by far the largest burden of the medical systems around Europe, it is not surprising that in vitro models of nervous and heart muscle tissue were in the focus of biomedical research in the last decades. In this review we describe and discuss hurdles which still impair further progress of regenerative neurology and cardiology and we detect those ones which are common to both fields and some, which are field-specific. With the goal to elucidate strategies which might be shared between regenerative neurology and cardiology we discuss methodological solutions which can help each of the fields to accelerate their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Federica Lamberto
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Alex Horánszky
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Melinda Zana
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
| | - Gabor Foldes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lidija Radenovic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan Carlos Chachques
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Min Suk Song
- Omnion Research International Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Do Not Lose Direct Labels Including Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and DFO- 89Zr Chelates through Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070484. [PMID: 34209565 PMCID: PMC8305565 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly ageing populations are beset by tissue wear and damage. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is considered a solution. Years of research point to two important aspects: (1) the use of cellular imaging to achieve sufficient precision of therapeutic intervention, and the fact that (2) many therapeutic actions are executed through extracellular vesicles (EV), released by stem cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need to interrogate cellular labels in the context of EV release. We studied clinically applicable cellular labels: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), and radionuclide detectable by two main imaging modalities: MRI and PET. We have demonstrated effective stem cell labeling using both labels. Then, we obtained EVs from cell cultures and tested for the presence of cellular labels. We did not find either magnetic or radioactive labels in EVs. Therefore, we report that stem cells do not lose labels in released EVs, which indicates the reliability of stem cell magnetic and radioactive labeling, and that there is no interference of labels with EV content. In conclusion, we observed that direct cellular labeling seems to be an attractive approach to monitoring stem cell delivery, and that, importantly, labels neither locate in EVs nor affect their basic properties.
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