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Han YM, Chan MM, Shea CK, Mo FY, Yiu KW, Chung RC, Cheung MC, Chan AS. Effects of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation on social functioning in autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:2465-2482. [PMID: 37151094 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231169547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Currently available pharmacological and behavioral interventions for adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yield only modest effect in alleviating their core behavioral and cognitive symptoms, and some of these treatment options are associated with undesirable side effects. Hence, developing effective treatment protocols is urgently needed. Given emerging evidence shows that the abnormal connections of the frontal brain regions contribute to the manifestations of ASD behavioral and cognitive impairments, noninvasive treatment modalities that are capable in modulating brain connections, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been postulated to be potentially promising for alleviating core symptoms in ASD. However, whether tDCS can reduce behavioral symptoms and enhance cognitive performance in ASD remains unclear. This randomized controlled trial involving 105 adolescents and young adults with ASD showed that multiple sessions of a tDCS protocol, which was paired up with computerized cognitive training, was effective in improving social functioning in adolescents and young adults with ASD. No prolonged and serious side effects were observed. With more future studies conducted in different clinical settings that recruit participants from a wider age range, this tDCS protocol may be potentially beneficial to a broad spectrum of individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melody My Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
- The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Caroline Ks Shea
- Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Flora Ym Mo
- Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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2
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Tsou HL, Huang YC, Chen CY, Kuo SC, Tzeng NS, Lin JC, Yeh YW. Increased IgG-4 levels in a patient with autism spectrum disorder complicated by autoimmune pancreatitis. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 73:103111. [PMID: 35468478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Lung Tsou
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chang Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Erden YJ, Hummerstone H, Rainey S. Automating autism assessment: What AI can bring to the diagnostic process. J Eval Clin Pract 2021; 27:485-490. [PMID: 33331145 PMCID: PMC8246862 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD, hereafter autism). In so doing we examine some problems in existing diagnostic processes and criteria, including issues of bias and interpretation, and on concepts like the 'double empathy problem'. We then consider how novel applications of AI might contribute to these contexts. We're focussed specifically on adult diagnostic procedures as childhood diagnosis is already well covered in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin J Erden
- Department of Philosophy, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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4
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Zapała D, Mikołajewski D. Computational model of decreased suppression of mu rhythms in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders during movement observation—preliminary findings. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2020-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) represent developmental conditions with deficits in the cognitive, motor, communication and social domains. It is thought that imitative behaviour may be impaired in children with ASD. The Mirror Neural System (MNS) concept plays an important role in theories explaining the link between action perception, imitation and social decision-making in ASD.
Methods
In this study, Emergent 7.0.1 software was used to build a computational model of the phenomenon of MNS influence on motion imitation. Seven point populations of Hodgkin–Huxley artificial neurons were used to create a simplified model.
Results
The model shows pathologically altered processing in the neural network, which may reflect processes observed in ASD due to reduced stimulus attenuation. The model is considered preliminary—further research should test for a minimally significant difference between the states: normal processing and pathological processing.
Conclusions
The study shows that even a simple computational model can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the phenomena observed in experimental studies, including in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Zapała
- Department of Experimental Psychology , The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Dariusz Mikołajewski
- Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University , Bydgoszcz , Poland
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
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5
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Kerry RG, Das G, Golla U, Del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres M, Shin H, Patra JK. Engineered probiotic and prebiotic nutraceutical supplementations in combating non-communicable disorders: A review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 23:72-97. [PMID: 33050862 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201013153142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional supplementations are a form of nutrition sources that may help in improving health complexities throughout the life span of a person. Under the umbrella of food supplementations, nutraceuticals are products extracted from edible sources that provide medical benefits along with primary nutritional value, these can be considered as functional foods. These nutraceutical supplementations are also evidenced in altering the commensal gut microbiota and help to prevent or fight against chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases in adults including neurological disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD], Parkinson's disease [PD] and Multiple sclerosis [MS]) and metabolic disorder (Type-II Diabetes, Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Even the complexities of preterm babies like extra-uterine growth restriction, necrotizing enterocolitis, infant eczema and allergy (during pregnancy) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, etc. could also be lessened up by providing proper nutrition. Molecular perceptive of inflammatory and apoptotic modulators regulating the pathogenesis of these health risks, their control and management by probiotics and prebiotics could further emphasize the scientific overview of their utility. The pivotal role of nutraceutical supplementations in regulating or modulating molecular pathways coupled with the above mentioned non-communicable diseases are briefly described. Lastly, an overall introduction to the sophisticated genome-editing techniques and advanced delivery systems in therapeutic activities applicable under these health risks are also emphasized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326. Korea
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033. United States
| | - Maria Del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Ondas de Choque (LOCH), Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM Juriquilla Boulevard Juriquilla no. 3001, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., C.P. 76230. Mexico
| | - HanSeung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326. Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326. Korea
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6
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Childbirth Experiences of Women With Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Acute Care Setting. Nurs Womens Health 2020; 24:165-174. [PMID: 32389581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the childbirth experiences of women with autism spectrum disorder. DESIGN Qualitative interpretive description design and data analysis using Knafl and Webster. SETTING Women were interviewed in the environment of their choosing: in the home, over the telephone, or via Skype or Facebook Messenger. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four women ages 29 to 65 years from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, all of whom gave birth to healthy newborns in an acute care setting. METHOD Interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide. RESULTS Three main themes emerged from the data: Having Difficulty Communicating, Feeling Stressed in an Uncertain Environment, and Being an Autistic Mother. Each of these themes also included several subthemes. CONCLUSION Study participants expressed difficulty communicating with nurses in a variety of ways. The degree of difficulty in communication varied among participants. Problems in communication included trouble conveying needs, alerting nurses when they felt ill, or not understanding what was said to them. Ineffective communication with nurses resulted in feelings of anxiety and being scared and inhibited participants in further attempts at communication. Nurses caring for women with ASD through the childbirth period should be aware that communication needs will vary for each woman, and interventions to facilitate safe and effective communication in labor should be individualized to each woman.
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7
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Roddy Á, O'Neill C. Predictors of unmet needs and family debt among children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from Ireland. Health Policy 2020; 124:317-325. [PMID: 32029282 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a life-long neurodevelopmental condition where individuals affected and their families require varying intensities of services and supports. A growing body of evidence provides consensus that early intervention may improve long-term outcomes. The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors that explain variations between families raising a child/children with an ASD in their experience of specific unmet needs and/or experience of debt. Analysis was based on data collected as part of a larger study that examined the economics of autism spectrum disorder in Ireland among 195 families with 222 children aged between 2-18 years of age in 2014/2015. The findings from parental reported responses show over 74 % of children did not receive one or more services in the previous 12 months. Average debt per year per family was €3259. Regression analyses showed that families that had two or more children with an ASD were more likely to experience unmet needs and incur debt specifically because of the child's condition than families with one child with an ASD. The study shows there is a significant level of unmet need and economic hardship, as evident in the level of ASD related debt which may make current met needs unsustainable in the future. Issues of capacity and geographic inequity that warrant a policy response were also evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Roddy
- School of Business & Economics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Ciaran O'Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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8
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Accardo AL, Bean K, Cook B, Gillies A, Edgington R, Kuder SJ, Bomgardner EM. College Access, Success and Equity for Students on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 49:4877-4890. [PMID: 31482372 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
College may be considered a gateway to success, yet access to college is limited for young adults with autism. Given the research recommendations to elicit student experiences and to communicate among universities to improve college access, success, and equity, the present study examined the questions: What factors are perceived as pathways to success or barriers to success by college students on the autism spectrum? What university provided accommodations and/or support services do they prefer? Participants from four universities completed surveys and semi-structured interviews. Findings from the multi-university study suggest the need to provide transition planning and systematic non-academic social and emotional supports from the start of the college experience as well as specific training for faculty, staff, and peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Accardo
- College of Education, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
| | - Kimberly Bean
- School of Education, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT, 06515, USA
| | - Barbara Cook
- School of Health and Human Services, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT, 06515, USA
| | - Ann Gillies
- Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Ave, Grand Junction, CO, 81501, USA
| | - Rebecca Edgington
- Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - S Jay Kuder
- College of Education, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Estyr M Bomgardner
- College of Education, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
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9
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Müller RA, Reiter MA. Brain changes in adolescence-it is about time to get serious in autism spectrum disorder research. Autism Res 2018; 12. [PMID: 30556369 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Maya A Reiter
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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10
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Signorini G, Singh SP, Boricevic-Marsanic V, Dieleman G, Dodig-Ćurković K, Franic T, Gerritsen SE, Griffin J, Maras A, McNicholas F, O'Hara L, Purper-Ouakil D, Paul M, Santosh P, Schulze U, Street C, Tremmery S, Tuomainen H, Verhulst F, Warwick J, de Girolamo G. Architecture and functioning of child and adolescent mental health services: a 28-country survey in Europe. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:715-724. [PMID: 28596067 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The WHO Child and Adolescent Mental Health Atlas, published in 2005, reported that child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Europe differed substantially in their architecture and functioning. We assessed the characteristics of national CAMHS across the European Union (EU), including legal aspects of adolescent care. Using an online mapping survey aimed at expert(s) in each country, we obtained data for all 28 countries in the EU. The characteristics and activities of CAMHS (ie, availability of services, inpatient beds, and clinicians and organisations, and delivery of specific CAMHS services and treatments) varied considerably between countries, as did funding sources and user access. Neurodevelopmental disorders were the most frequent diagnostic group (up to 81%) for people seen at CAMHS (data available from only 13 [46%] countries). 20 (70%) countries reported having an official national child and adolescent mental health policy, covering young people until their official age of transition to adulthood. The heterogeneity in resource allocation did not seem to match epidemiological burden. Substantial improvements in the planning, monitoring, and delivery of mental health services for children and adolescents are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Signorini
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Swaran P Singh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Gwen Dieleman
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Tomislav Franic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - James Griffin
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Athanasios Maras
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Yulius Academy, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fiona McNicholas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin; Geary Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin; Department of Child Psychiatry, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin; Lucena Clinic, Rathgar, Dublin
| | - Lesley O'Hara
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- Département de Médecine Psychologique Enfants et Adolescents, CHU Montpellier-St Eloi Hôpital, Montpellier, France
| | - Moli Paul
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases, National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; HealthTracker Ltd, Gillingham, UK
| | - Ulrike Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cathy Street
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sabine Tremmery
- Department of Neurosciences, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Helena Tuomainen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Frank Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jane Warwick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Davis TN, Machalicek W, Scalzo R, Kobylecky A, Campbell V, Pinkelman S, Chan JM, Sigafoos J. A Review and Treatment Selection Model for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities Who Engage in Inappropriate Sexual Behavior. Behav Anal Pract 2016; 9:389-402. [PMID: 27920970 PMCID: PMC5118249 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-015-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some individuals with developmental disabilities develop inappropriate sexual behaviors such as public masturbation, disrobing, and touching others in an unwanted sexual manner. Such acts are problematic given the taboo nature of the behaviors and the potential for significant negative consequences, such as restricted community access, injury, and legal ramifications. Therefore, it is necessary to equip caregivers and practitioners with effective treatment options. The purpose of this paper is to review studies that have evaluated behavioral treatments to reduce inappropriate sexual behavior in persons with developmental disabilities. The strengths and weaknesses of each treatment are reviewed, and a model for treatment selection is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeff Sigafoos
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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12
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McGuinness TM. Update on autism spectrum disorder: vaccines, genomes, and social skills training. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2015; 53:27-30. [PMID: 25800558 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20150309-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite making significant progress in understanding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its genetic underpinnings, controversy remains regarding ASD and its historical, erroneous association with vaccines. This controversy includes the latest anti-vaccine movement that caused a recurrence of the almost vanquished measles and mumps diseases. The history of ASD, complexities of research involving ASD genetics, and benefits of social skills training are explored.
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van Sonsbeek MAMS, Hutschemaekers GGJM, Veerman JW, Tiemens BBG. Effective components of feedback from Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) in youth mental health care: study protocol of a three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:3. [PMID: 24393491 PMCID: PMC3898381 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine Outcome Monitoring refers to regular measurements of clients' progress in clinical practice, aiming to evaluate and, if necessary, adapt treatment. Clients fill out questionnaires and clinicians receive feedback about the results. Studies concerning feedback in youth mental health care are rare. The effects of feedback, the importance of specific aspects of feedback, and the mechanisms underlying the effects of feedback are unknown. In the present study, several potentially effective components of feedback from Routine Outcome Monitoring in youth mental health care in the Netherlands are investigated. METHODS/DESIGN We will examine three different forms of feedback through a three-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial. 432 children and adolescents (aged 4 to 17 years) and their parents, who have been referred to mental health care institution Pro Persona, will be randomly assigned to one of three feedback conditions (144 participants per condition). Randomization will be stratified by age of the child or adolescent and by department. All participants fill out questionnaires at the start of treatment, one and a half months after the start of treatment, every three months during treatment, and at the end of treatment. Participants in the second and third feedback conditions fill out an additional questionnaire. In condition 1, clinicians receive basic feedback regarding clients' symptoms and quality of life. In condition 2, the feedback of condition 1 is extended with feedback regarding possible obstacles to a good outcome and with practical suggestions. In condition 3, the feedback of condition 2 is discussed with a colleague while following a standardized format for case consultation. The primary outcome measure is symptom severity and secondary outcome measures are quality of life, satisfaction with treatment, number of sessions, length of treatment, and rates of dropout. We will also examine the role of being not on track (not responding to treatment). DISCUSSION This study contributes to the identification of effective components of feedback and a better understanding of how feedback functions in real-world clinical practice. If the different feedback components prove to be effective, this can help to support and improve the care for youth. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register NTR4234.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje AMS van Sonsbeek
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Pro Persona Centre for Education & Science (ProCES), Tarweweg 6, 6534 AM Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Pro Persona Youth Tiel, Siependaallaan 3, 4003 LE Tiel, The Netherlands
| | - Giel GJM Hutschemaekers
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Pro Persona Centre for Education & Science (ProCES), Tarweweg 6, 6534 AM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Veerman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bea BG Tiemens
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Pro Persona Centre for Education & Science (ProCES), Tarweweg 6, 6534 AM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Huws JC, Jones RSP. ‘I’m really glad this is developmental’: Autism and social comparisons – an interpretative phenomenological analysis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2013; 19:84-90. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361313512426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present qualitative study comprised interviews with nine young people with autism (aged 16–21 years) about their perceptions of autism. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, three underlying themes were illuminated, and all these formed the superordinate theme Making Comparisons: (a) Changes over time: ‘I’m really glad this is developmental’; (b) Degrees of autism: ‘They’ve got it really bad’; and (c) Degrees of ability: ‘I’m not really disabled-disabled’. Such comparisons were not explicitly sought at the outset of the study, and instead emerged from their conceptualisations of the autism concept. When comparing how they perceived themselves now, and how they perceived themselves in the past, the young people viewed themselves more positively in the present. In addition, when making comparisons with other people with autism, they tended to locate themselves as being in a better position than others were. The perspective of being in a more fortunate position because of heightened abilities also emerged from the comparisons made with people who did not have autism. Furthermore, similar comparisons were made when autism was compared to disability, with autism being evaluated as being more favourable than what was termed ‘proper’ disability. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the existent social comparison literature.
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