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Birdsong MH, Metcalf AL, Metcalf EC, Nesbitt HK, Gude JA. The influence of social identity on attitudes toward wildlife. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14243. [PMID: 38433373 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Wildlife conservation depends on supportive social as well as biophysical conditions. Social identities such as hunter and nonhunter are often associated with different attitudes toward wildlife. However, it is unknown whether dynamics within and among these identity groups explain how attitudes form and why they differ. To investigate how social identities help shape wildlife-related attitudes and the implications for wildlife policy and conservation, we built a structural equation model with survey data from Montana (USA) residents (n = 1758) that tested how social identities affect the relationship between experiences with grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and attitudes toward the species. Model results (r2 = 0.51) demonstrated that the hunter identity magnified the negative effect of vicarious property damage on attitudes toward grizzly bears (β = -0.381, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.584 to -0.178, p < 0.001), which in turn strongly influenced acceptance (β = -0.571, 95% CI: -0.611 to -0.531, p < 0.001). Our findings suggested that hunters' attitudes toward grizzly bears likely become more negative primarily because of in-group social interactions about negative experiences, and similar group dynamics may lead nonhunters to disregard the negative experiences that out-group members have with grizzly bears. Given the profound influence of social identity on human cognitions and behaviors in myriad contexts, the patterns we observed are likely important in a variety of wildlife conservation situations. To foster positive conservation outcomes and minimize polarization, management strategies should account for these identity-driven perceptions while prioritizing conflict prevention and promoting positive wildlife narratives within and among identity groups. This study illustrates the utility of social identity theory for explaining and influencing human-wildlife interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max H Birdsong
- Department of Society and Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Alexander L Metcalf
- Department of Society and Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Society and Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf
- Department of Society and Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Society and Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Holly Kathleen Nesbitt
- Human-Environment Systems, College of Innovation and Design, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Justin A Gude
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Helena, Montana, USA
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Nesbitt HK, Metcalf AL, Metcalf EC, Costello CM, Roberts LL, Lewis MS, Gude JA. Human dimensions of grizzly bear conservation: The social factors underlying satisfaction and coexistence beliefs in Montana,
USA. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holly K. Nesbitt
- Department of Society & Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Montana USA
| | - Alexander L. Metcalf
- Department of Society & Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Montana USA
- Wildlife Biology Program Department of Society and Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana Missoula Montana United States
| | - Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf
- Department of Society & Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Montana USA
- Wildlife Biology Program Department of Society and Conservation, WA Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana Missoula Montana United States
| | | | - Lori L. Roberts
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, & Parks Helena Montana USA
| | - Mike S. Lewis
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, & Parks Helena Montana USA
| | - Justin A. Gude
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, & Parks Helena Montana USA
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Sheppard DJ, Brichieri-Colombi TA, Stark DJ, Lambrechts C, Moehrenschlager A, McPherson JM. When Ecological Analysis Reveals Hidden Human Dimensions: Building on Long-Term Community Participation to Enable a Conservation Translocation of Mountain Bongo in Kenya. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.788267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation translocations have traditionally focused on ecological aspects while overlooking or underestimating the importance of human dimensions. Here, we present a feasibility analysis for a conservation translocation that up front took a holistic approach by investigating both ecological and socio-economic suitability of reinforcing mountain bongo in Eburu National Forest, Kenya. From 2018 to 2019, we set up 50 cameras to detect mountain bongo and searched for secondary signs in a grid overlaying Eburu. We also conducted surveys with 200 households surrounding the forest and interviewed 300 students to understand local perceptions of and interactions with Eburu Forest and their desire for a mountain bongo translocation. We used data from camera trapping and secondary signs in a MaxEnt model to determine the amount and location of available habitat for a bongo conservation translocation. Camera traps recorded only five bongo events in the 2-year study, and MaxEnt models revealed that these antelopes were relegated to less than 2.5 km of available habitat. Socio-economic surveys indicated local support for the conservation of bongo and their habitat, and yet our camera traps uncovered threatening illicit activities that could jeopardize both bongo survival and any attempt at boosting the remnant population with captive-bred individuals. We report how we built on long-term community and stakeholder engagement to mitigate these threats and provide concrete recommendations for how to proceed with a conservation translocation in terms of both the biological aspects and continued efforts to integrate socio-economic needs and community engagement.
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Bath AJ, Engel MT, van der Marel RC, Kuhn TS, Jung TS. Comparative views of the public, hunters, and wildlife managers on the management of reintroduced bison (Bison bison). Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Vucetich JA, Bruskotter JT, Macdonald DW. Can Deliberative Democracy Favor a Flourishing Relationship Between Humans and Carnivores? FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.680925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in improving participatory governance in decision-making processes for the conservation of biodiversity and management of conflicts between humans and wildlife. Among the various modes of participatory governance, deliberative democracy has received virtually no attention for decisions focused on conserving biodiversity. This is surprising given that deliberative democracy is an important branch of democratic theory and is associated with decision-making processes that have been successfully applied to a wide range of complicated decisions across diverse cultural settings. Moreover, deliberative democracy has several distinctive properties that would seem to make it well-suited for many conservation decisions. First, deliberative democracy is better-designed than other processes to handle cases where the object of conservation appears to be insufficiently valued by those who have the most detrimental impacts on its conservation. Second, deliberative democracy engenders a rich kind of representation and impartiality that is nearly impossible to achieve with participatory governance focused on managing conflicts among hyper-engaged stakeholders. Here, we review the principles of deliberative democracy, outline procedures for its application to carnivore conservation, and consider its likelihood to favor carnivore conservation.
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Vaske JJ, Sponarski CC. The demographics of knowledge, attitudes and emotions toward coyotes. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextA coyote-caused human fatality in Cape Breton Highlands National Park of Canada (CBHNPC) occurred in 2009. Because CBHNPC is federally protected, rangers have a limited number of management options for dealing with human–coyote conflict. The park initiated the present study to understand the publics’ acceptance of coyotes.
AimsThis article examined relationships between each of four independent variables (respondent type (resident vs visitor), sex, age, education) and each of four dependent variables (knowledge, attitude, two emotions) related to coyotes in CBHNPC. Researchers have repeatedly suggested that demographics are related to cognitions and emotions toward wildlife. Managers can use demographic findings to target education campaigns to specific stakeholders.
MethodsSurvey data were obtained from (a) residents living around CBHNPC (n=556, response rate=70%), and (b) visitors hiking two popular trails in CBHNPC (n=443, response rate=60%).
Key resultsAll four independent variables were related to knowledge. Visitors were more knowledgeable about coyotes than were residents. Females were more knowledgeable than were males. Younger respondents were more knowledgeable than were older individuals. All education categories differed from each other. Findings for the attitude construct were similar. Residents held negative attitudes toward coyotes, whereas visitors were slightly positive. Males and females both held negative attitudes. The youngest age category held a positive attitude, whereas the oldest group was the most negative. Respondents with a high-school degree had a negative attitude; those with a college degree held a positive attitude. For the first emotion concept, residents were more emotional than were visitors. Males were more emotional than were females, and high-school graduates were more emotional than were college graduates. For the second emotion, there were statistical differences between residents and visitors, as well as between males and females. However, age and education were not related to this scenario.
ConclusionsAlthough there were statistical differences for 13 of 16 tests, over 80% of the effect sizes were minimal and there were interaction effects among the four demographic variables.
ImplicationsFindings highlighted complexities managers should consider when designing communication strategies aimed at influencing stakeholders’ knowledge of and attitudes and emotions toward wildlife.
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Arbieu U, Albrecht J, Mehring M, Bunnefeld N, Reinhardt I, Mueller T. The positive experience of encountering wolves in the wild. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Arbieu
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marion Mehring
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Institute for Social‐Ecological Research Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Stirling Stirling UK
| | - Ilka Reinhardt
- Lupus Institute for Wolf Monitoring and Research Spreewitz Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Biological SciencesGoethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Doney ED, Vaske JJ, Bath AJ, Engel MT, Downer B. Predicting acceptance of lethal management of wood bison in Alaska, USA. AMBIO 2020; 49:271-280. [PMID: 30905056 PMCID: PMC6888789 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) were reintroduced into Alaska after a 170-year absence in the state. Wildlife reintroductions may cause problems by damaging property, spreading disease, increasing fear levels, and human injury and death. We examined the influence of urban Alaskan's wildife value orientations (WVO; domination and mutualism), fear, and attitudes toward wood bison on their behavioral intention to support lethal management under specific situations. We hypothesized that: (a) domination, mutualism and fear would influence public attitudes toward wood bison, and (b) attitudes would predict an individual's behavioral intention to support lethal management of the newly restored bison population. We collected data through a self-administered questionnaire randomly distributed to residents in Anchorage (n = 243) and Fairbanks (n = 272). Regression analyses indicated that both mutualism and domination positively correlated with attitudes, and fear negatively correlated with attitudes. Attitudes did not predict behavioral intention to support lethal management practices. Both WVOs and fear predicted behavioral intentions. The model helps to illustrate how cognitive and emotional components can influence acceptance of newly restored herbivore species. Our findings also suggested that for situations where an attitude may not exist, people may use more basic value orientations and emotions when thinking about how they would react in specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D. Doney
- Geography Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Jerry J. Vaske
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Alistair J. Bath
- Geography Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Monica T. Engel
- Geography Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Bethany Downer
- Geography Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9 Canada
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Abstract
In the modern context of the strict protection of large carnivores, the competition for resources between local community dwellers and these animals has become an important challenge for ensuring coexistence—the key for conservation success. To assess the perceptions of this intricate relationship, six local communities from Central Romania, located in areas with high-density brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) population and frequent conflicts, were investigated. A large proportion of the respondents (69%) showed various forms of intolerance (e.g., relocation, punishment, or killing) towards aggressive bears. However, the cognitive evaluation score derived from the level of interaction with bears showed a non-significant (p = 0.470) segregation by tolerance levels, suggesting that not only the tangible costs (direct damage) but rather the psychological costs of fear, danger, or risk are more important drivers of negative attitudes towards bears. Furthermore, the prevalent experienced emotions towards an inoffensive bear (fear, terror, and hate, which represent 73%) underline the general preference for living in “separate worlds”. This requires that bears should avoid humans and their settlements, a goal unlikely to be achieved under the current strict protection regime. Therefore, an alternative strategy that ensures mutual avoidance of the two players may be more appropriate for successful human–bear coexistence.
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Büssing AG, Thielking A, Menzel S. Can a Like Save the Planet? Comparing Antecedents of and Correlations Between Environmental Liking on Social Media, Money Donation, and Volunteering. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1989. [PMID: 31555178 PMCID: PMC6722222 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the societal dissemination of digital technology, people are increasingly experiencing environmental topics through digital media channels such as social networks. Several researchers therefore have proposed these channels as a possibility to strengthen sustainable development based on their cost-efficient nature. But while prior studies have investigated isolated factors for understanding environmental social media behavior, there is still scarce understanding of the relevant underlying motivational factors and possible connections with more traditional environmental behaviors. Therefore, the present study applied the established socio-psychological model of goal-directed behavior and compared the desires for liking as a fundamental form of digital social media behavior with the desires for two traditional environmental behaviors (money donation and volunteering) in a cross-sectional research design. Within the biodiversity conservation case of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in Ecuador, we compared the antecedents for the desires for the corresponding environmental behaviors (RQ1) as well as their connections between each other (RQ2). Within a sample of 407 Ecuadorian students (Mage = 20.94 years, SD = 2.25, 61.2% female), we found the marginal effect of perceived behavioral control on the desires for liking on social media as the main difference concerning the antecedents of the behaviors because money donation and volunteering largely depended on personal resources such as time or money. Furthermore, gender emerged as the second main difference between the behaviors due to it only being predictive for the liking motivation. Enjoyment was the only variable that coherently predicted all three behaviors. Finally, desires for liking on social media predicted both other behaviors in robust regression analyses, but were only predictive for volunteering in corresponding path models. The results illustrate how cost-efficient digital environmental behaviors such as liking may be suitable for sparking low-level environmental action, which may entail more pronounced forms of environmental activism, at least when they involve feasible personal costs. Overall, the findings are in line with prior research regarding the less demanding nature of liking, but further elaborate on the importance of gender for digital environmental behavior and correlates between digital and classical environmental behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Georg Büssing
- Didactics of Biology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Annelene Thielking
- Didactics of Biology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Susanne Menzel
- Didactics of Biology, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Engel MT, Vaske JJ, Marchini S, Bath AJ. Knowledge about big cats matters: Insights for conservationists and managers. WILDLIFE SOC B 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Taís Engel
- Geography Department; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Elizabeth Avenue St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Jerry J. Vaske
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523-1480 USA
| | - Silvio Marchini
- Forest Science Department; Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture; University of São Paulo; P.O. Box 09 Piracicaba Sao Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Alistair J. Bath
- Geography Department; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Elizabeth Avenue St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
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Lute ML, Navarrete CD, Nelson MP, Gore ML. Moral dimensions of human-wildlife conflict. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2016; 30:1200-1211. [PMID: 27062105 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing support for conservation globally, controversy over specific conservation policies persists among diverse stakeholders. Investigating the links between morals in relation to conservation can help increase understanding about why humans support or oppose policy, especially related to human-wildlife conflict or human conflict over wildlife. Yet the moral dimension of human-wildlife conflict has mostly gone unconsidered and unmeasured; thus, policy and programmatic efforts to reduce controversy may be missing a key part of the equation. We conducted a web-based survey (n = 1239 respondents) in Michigan (U.S.A.) to investigate cognitive and emotional influences on the value-behavior relationship. Respondents were identified by their interest and involvement in Michigan wolf management. The survey consisted of questions about values, emotions, cognitions, and behaviors relative to wolves in Michigan. We used path analysis to explore whether emotions and cognitions mediated the relationship between value and behavior. Most respondents attributed intrinsic value to wolves (n = 734) and all life (n = 773) and engaged in behaviors that benefited wolf populations and ecosystems regardless of stakeholder group (e.g., environmentalist, farmer). Attributing intrinsic value to wolves was positively related to favorable emotions toward wolves and cognitive assessments that hunting and trapping of wolves is unacceptable. Despite similarities in attribution of intrinsic value, groups differed in emotions and cognitions about wolf hunting. These differences provide a useful way to predict stakeholder behavior. Our findings may inform interventions aimed at increasing support for wolf management policies and positive interactions among stakeholders and wildlife. Leveraging agreement over intrinsic value may foster cooperation among stakeholders and garner support for controversial conservation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Lute
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A..
| | | | - Michael Paul Nelson
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Meredith L Gore
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
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Olson ER, Stenglein JL, Shelley V, Rissman AR, Browne-Nuñez C, Voyles Z, Wydeven AP, Van Deelen T. Pendulum Swings in Wolf Management Led to Conflict, Illegal Kills, and a Legislated Wolf Hunt. Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik R. Olson
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
- Department of Natural Resources; Northland College; Ashland WI 54806 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Stenglein
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Adena R. Rissman
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Christine Browne-Nuñez
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - Zachary Voyles
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | | | - Timothy Van Deelen
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI 53706 USA
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Pohja-Mykrä M, Kurki S. Strong community support for illegal killing challenges wolf management. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-014-0845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bruskotter JT, Wilson RS. Determining Where the Wild Things will be: Using Psychological Theory to Find Tolerance for Large Carnivores. Conserv Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Bruskotter
- The School of Environment and Natural Resources; The Ohio State University; 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Robyn S. Wilson
- The School of Environment and Natural Resources; The Ohio State University; 210 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd. Columbus OH 43210 USA
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