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Li L, Liu S, Luo Y. Application of covalent modality in proximity-induced drug pharmacology: Early development, current strategy, and feature directions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116394. [PMID: 38643668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
With a growing number of covalent drugs securing FDA approval as successful therapies across various indications, particularly in the realm of cancer treatment, the covalent modulating strategy is undergoing a resurgence. The renewed interest in covalent bioactive compounds has captured significant attention from both the academic and biopharmaceutical industry sectors. Covalent chemistry presents several advantages over traditional noncovalent proximity-induced drugs, including heightened potency, reduced molecular size, and the ability to target "undruggable" entities. Within this perspective, we have compiled a comprehensive overview of current covalent modalities applied to proximity-induced molecules, delving into their advantages and drawbacks. Our aim is to stimulate more profound insights and ideas within the scientific community, guiding future research endeavors in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Tarighati E, Keivan H, Mahani H. A review of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1-16. [PMID: 35031885 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer all over the world that affects women. BC is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women, which today has decreased with the advancement of technology and new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. BCs are histologically divided into in situ and invasive carcinoma, and both of them can be divided into ductal and lobular. The main function after the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer is which patient should use chemotherapy, which patient should receive adjuvant therapy, and which should not. If the decision is for adjuvant therapy, the next challenge is to identify the most appropriate treatment or combination of treatments for a particular patient. Addressing the first challenge can be helped by prognostic biomarkers, while addressing the second challenge can be done by predictive biomarkers. Among the molecular markers related to BC, ER, PR, HER2, and the Mib1/Ki-67 proliferation index are the most significant ones and are tightly confirmed in the standard care of all primary, recurrent, and metastatic BC patients. CEA and CA-15-3 antigens are the most valuable markers of serum tumors in BC patients. Determining the series of these markers helps monitor response to the treatment and early detection of recurrence or metastasis. miRNAs have been demonstrated to be intricate in mammary gland growth, proliferation, and formation of BC known to be incriminated in BC biology. By combining established prognostic factors with valid prognostic/predicted biomarkers, we can start the journey to personalized treatment for every recently diagnosed BC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Tarighati
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Keivan
- School of Paramedicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hojjat Mahani
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Klinge CM, Piell KM, Tooley CS, Rouchka EC. HNRNPA2/B1 is upregulated in endocrine-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells and alters the miRNA transcriptome when overexpressed in MCF-7 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9430. [PMID: 31263129 PMCID: PMC6603045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are dysregulated in breast cancer. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2/B1) is a reader of the N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) mark in primary-miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and promotes DROSHA processing to precursor-miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). We examined the expression of writers, readers, and erasers of m6A and report that HNRNPA2/B1 expression is higher in tamoxifen-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells as compared to parental, tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. To examine how increased expression of HNRNPA2/B1 affects miRNA expression, HNRNPA2/B1 was transiently overexpressed (~5.4-fold) in MCF-7 cells for whole genome miRNA profiling (miRNA-seq). 148 and 88 miRNAs were up- and down-regulated, respectively, 48 h after transfection and 177 and 172 up- and down-regulated, respectively, 72 h after transfection. MetaCore Enrichment analysis identified progesterone receptor action and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling via miRNA in breast cancer as pathways downstream of the upregulated miRNAs and TGFβ signaling via SMADs and Notch signaling as pathways of the downregulated miRNAs. GO biological processes for mRNA targets of HNRNPA2/B1-regulated miRNAs included response to estradiol and cell-substrate adhesion. qPCR confirmed HNRNPA2B1 downregulation of miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-222 and upregulation of miR-1266-5p, miR-1268a, miR-671-3p. Transient overexpression of HNRNPA2/B1 reduced MCF-7 sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant, suggesting a role for HNRNPA2/B1 in endocrine-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Christine Schaner Tooley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Bioinformatics and Biomedical Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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4
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Manai M, Finetti P, Mejri N, Athimni S, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F, Rahal K, Gamoudi A, Chaffanet M, Manai M, Boussen H. Inflammatory breast cancer in 210 patients: A retrospective study on epidemiological, anatomo-clinical features and therapeutic results. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 10:223-230. [PMID: 30680198 PMCID: PMC6327217 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To report epidemiological and anatomo-clinical features within a retrospective series of inflammatory breast cancer and to evaluate prognostic factors. This retrospective study included 210 Tunisian patients presenting a clinically diagnosed IBC, treated at the Institute Salah Azaiez (ISA) of Tunis, Tunisia, from 2008 to 2013. We collected data on epidemiology, anatomo-clinical and biological features and histologic response to neoadjuvant therapy. Overall and disease-free survivals were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank tests and Cox's models were used to identify prognostic factors impacting survival. The 210 IBC patients had a median age of 42 years (24-62) and 15% of them were aged less than 35 years. Mean age at menarche was 13 years and 45% had their 1st childbirth before 23 years. On histology, grades III represented 42% of cases, hormone receptors were negative in 59%, HER2 over-expressed in 32, 25% of our IBC cases had a triple negative profile and Ki-67 was >20% in 53% of cases. High pathological grade III was significantly correlated to TN subtype (58%) (Fisher's exact test, P=7.5×10-3). Further, high Ki-67 expression (>20%) was evident in the TN subtype (84%) (Fisher's exact test, P=3.7×10-4). After neoadjuvant therapy (and trastuzumab in 88 and 69% of HER2+ patients, respectively), we observed 49% of objective clinical responses and 35% of pathological complete response (pCR) and >3 axillary lymph nodes were invaded on a resected tumor in 55% of cases. Overall survival (OS) was associated with age at menarche (Wald-test, P=2.2×10-2) and metastases at diagnosis (Wald-test, P=2.4×10-2). Reaching a pCR was correlated with a better metastasis-free survival (MFS), (Fisher's exact test, P=3.6×10-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Manai
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.,Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital Abderrahmane Mami, Ariana 2080, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana 2092, Tunisia.,Predictive Oncology Τeam, Marseille Cancer Research Center (INSERM UMR1068; IFR137), Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Τeam, Marseille Cancer Research Center (INSERM UMR1068; IFR137), Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Nesrine Mejri
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital Abderrahmane Mami, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Salma Athimni
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital Abderrahmane Mami, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Τeam, Marseille Cancer Research Center (INSERM UMR1068; IFR137), Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Τeam, Marseille Cancer Research Center (INSERM UMR1068; IFR137), Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseille, France.,UFR of Medicine, Aix Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Marseille Cancer Research Center (INSERM UMR1068; IFR137), Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Aix Marseille University, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Khaled Rahal
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Amor Gamoudi
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Predictive Oncology Τeam, Marseille Cancer Research Center (INSERM UMR1068; IFR137), Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Manai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital Abderrahmane Mami, Ariana 2080, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana 2092, Tunisia.,Oncology Radiotherapy Association for the Mediterranean, 75014 Paris, France
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5
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Duan L, Kawatkar AA. Comparative Effectiveness of Surgical Options for Patients with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: An Instrumental Variable Approach. Perm J 2018; 22:17-132. [PMID: 30028673 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/17-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) receive treatment that is too extensive. OBJECTIVE To take a holistic approach in comparing the effectiveness in cancer prevention between mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for patients with DCIS. DESIGN Female Kaiser Permanente Southern California members who underwent surgery for treatment of single primary DCIS from 2004 to 2014 were identified by the Kaiser Permanente Southern California cancer registry and HealthConnect database. METHOD Two-stage residual inclusion with the surgeon's preference of surgical procedure type as the instrumental variable was used to examine the effect of surgical choice on DCIS recurrence, breast cancer progression, and other cancer progression. Traditional Cox proportional hazards models were used for comparison. RESULTS Of qualified subjects, 72.2% underwent BCS and 27.8% underwent mastectomy. Patients were likelier to receive BCS if their surgeon preferred to perform BCS in the past 5 years (odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.03). Although traditional Cox proportional hazards models suggested an association between BCS and higher risk of DCIS recurrence, no significant effect was observed when we adjusted for endogeneity. Neither model showed significant differences between mastectomy and BCS in progression of any cancer. CONCLUSION No significant benefit was observed with a more aggressive surgical procedure in preventing DCIS recurrence or cancer progression in a diverse population. Many patients with DCIS could benefit from BCS with preservation of their body image. Breast conservation followed-up with cancer surveillance is a rational approach to ensure affordable, effective care for patients with DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewei Duan
- Biostatistician in the Department of Research and Evaluation for Kaiser Permanente Southern California in Pasadena.
| | - Aniket A Kawatkar
- Research Scientist in the Department of Research and Evaluation for Kaiser Permanente Southern California in Pasadena.
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8
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Human Milk Cells Contain Numerous miRNAs that May Change with Milk Removal and Regulate Multiple Physiological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060956. [PMID: 27322254 PMCID: PMC4926489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) is a complex biofluid conferring nutritional, protective and developmental components for optimal infant growth. Amongst these are maternal cells, which change in response to feeding and were recently shown to be a rich source of miRNAs. We used next generation sequencing to characterize the cellular miRNA profile of HM collected before and after feeding. HM cells conserved higher miRNA content than the lipid and skim HM fractions or other body fluids, in accordance with previous studies. In total, 1467 known mature and 1996 novel miRNAs were identified, with 89 high-confidence novel miRNAs. HM cell content was higher post-feeding (p < 0.05), and was positively associated with total miRNA content (p = 0.014) and species number (p < 0.001). This coincided with upregulation of 29 known and 2 novel miRNAs, and downregulation of 4 known and 1 novel miRNAs post-feeding, but no statistically significant change in expression was found for the remaining miRNAs. These findings suggest that feeding may influence the miRNA content of HM cells. The most highly and differentially expressed miRNAs were key regulators of milk components, with potential diagnostic value in lactation performance. They are also involved in the control of body fluid balance, thirst, appetite, immune response, and development, implicating their functional significance for the infant.
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Bhat-Nakshatri P, Goswami CP, Badve S, Magnani L, Lupien M, Nakshatri H. Molecular Insights of Pathways Resulting from Two Common PIK3CA Mutations in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3989-4001. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Zwart W, Flach KD, Rudraraju B, Abdel-Fatah TMA, Gojis O, Canisius S, Moore D, Nevedomskaya E, Opdam M, Droog M, Hofland I, Chan S, Shaw J, Ellis IO, Coombes RC, Carroll JS, Ali S, Palmieri C. SRC3 Phosphorylation at Serine 543 Is a Positive Independent Prognostic Factor in ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:479-91. [PMID: 26369632 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The steroid receptor coactivator SRC3 is essential for the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor α (ERα). SRC3 is sufficient to cause mammary tumorigenesis, and has also been implicated in endocrine resistance. SRC3 is posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, but these events have not been investigated with regard to functionality or disease association. Here, we investigate the spatial selectivity of SRC3-pS543/DNA binding over the human genome and its expression in primary human breast cancer in relation with outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Chromatin immunoprecipitation, coupled with sequencing, was used to determine the chromatin binding patterns of SRC3-pS543 in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and two untreated primary breast cancers. IHC was used to assess the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543 in 1,650 primary breast cancers. The relationship between the expression of SRC3 and SRC3-pS543, disease-free survival (DFS), and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) was assessed. RESULTS Although total SRC3 is selectively found at enhancer regions, SRC3-pS543 is recruited to promoters of ERα responsive genes, both in the MCF7 cell line and primary breast tumor specimens. SRC3-pS543 was associated with both improved DFS (P = 0.003) and BCSS (P = 0.001) in tamoxifen untreated high-risk patients, such a correlation was not seen in tamoxifen-treated cases, the interaction was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed SRC3-pS543 to be an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylation of SRC3 at S543 affects its genomic interactions on a genome-wide level, where SRC3-pS543 is selectively recruited to promoters of ERα-responsive genes. SRC3-pS543 is a prognostic marker, and a predictive marker of response to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert Zwart
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Koen D Flach
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bharath Rudraraju
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek M A Abdel-Fatah
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ondrej Gojis
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sander Canisius
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Moore
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Droog
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Hofland
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steve Chan
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqui Shaw
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nottingham University City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Liverpool and Merseyside Academic Breast Unit, The Linda McCartney Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Academic Department of Medical Oncology, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom.
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Du P, Yuan B, Cao J, Zhao J, Ding L, Chen L, Ying S, Jiang L, Lin J, Xu X, Cheng L, Ye Q. Methyltransferase-like 17 physically and functionally interacts with estrogen receptors. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:861-8. [PMID: 26488768 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen exerts its physiological and pathological functions through two estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, which act as transcription factors. Coregulators, including coactivators and corepressors, have been shown to be crucial for regulation of ER transcriptional activity. Although many coregulators have been identified to regulate activities of ERs, novel coregulators are still needed to be investigated. Here, we show that human methyltransferase-like 17 (METTL17), whose function is unknown, physically interacts with ERα and ERβ, and functionally acts as a coactivator for ERs. METTL17 interacts with ER in vitro and in yeast and mammalian cells. Activation function-1 (AF1) and AF2 domains of ERs are responsible for the interaction between METTL17 and ERs. Knockdown of METTL17 reduces transcriptional activities of ERα and ERβ in breast cancer cells, whereas METTL17 overexpression increases ERα and ERβ transcriptional activities. Inhibition of METTL17 expression decreases mRNA and protein levels of ER target genes, including PR, cathepsin D, and pS2. Moreover, METTL17 knockdown reduces breast cancer cell growth. These results indicate that METTL17 is a novel coactivator of ERs and may play a role in breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Du
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Ding
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihan Chen
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunyang Ying
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Jiang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Tian D, Solodin NM, Rajbhandari P, Bjorklund K, Alarid ET, Kreeger PK. A kinetic model identifies phosphorylated estrogen receptor-α (ERα) as a critical regulator of ERα dynamics in breast cancer. FASEB J 2015; 29:2022-31. [PMID: 25648997 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Receptor levels are a key mechanism by which cells regulate their response to stimuli. The levels of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) impact breast cancer cell proliferation and are used to predict prognosis and sensitivity to endocrine therapy. Despite the clinical application of this information, it remains unclear how different cellular processes interact as a system to control ERα levels. To address this question, experimental results from the ERα-positive human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) treated with 17-β-estradiol or vehicle control were used to develop a mass-action kinetic model of ERα regulation. Model analysis determined that RNA dynamics could be captured through phosphorylated ERα (pERα)-dependent feedback on transcription. Experimental analysis confirmed that pERα-S118 binds to the estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) promoter, suggesting that pERα can feedback on ESR1 transcription. Protein dynamics required a separate mechanism in which the degradation rate for pERα was 8.3-fold higher than nonphosphorylated ERα. Using a model with both mechanisms, the root mean square error was 0.078. Sensitivity analysis of this combined model determined that while multiple mechanisms regulate ERα levels, pERα-dependent feedback elicited the strongest effect. Combined, our computational and experimental results identify phosphorylation of ERα as a critical decision point that coordinates the cellular circuitry to regulate ERα levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tian
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalia M Solodin
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kelsi Bjorklund
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elaine T Alarid
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pamela K Kreeger
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Rosell M, Nevedomskaya E, Stelloo S, Nautiyal J, Poliandri A, Steel JH, Wessels LFA, Carroll JS, Parker MG, Zwart W. Complex formation and function of estrogen receptor α in transcription requires RIP140. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5469-79. [PMID: 25145671 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator involved in energy homeostasis, ovulation, and mammary gland development. Although conclusive evidence is lacking, reports have implicated a role for RIP140 in breast cancer. Here, we explored the mechanistic role of RIP140 in breast cancer and its involvement in estrogen receptor α (ERα) transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Using ChIP-seq analysis, we demonstrate that RIP140 shares more than 80% of its binding sites with ERα, colocalizing with its interaction partners FOXA1, GATA3, p300, CBP, and p160 family members at H3K4me1-demarcated enhancer regions. RIP140 is required for ERα-complex formation, ERα-mediated gene expression, and ERα-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation. Genes affected following RIP140 silencing could be used to stratify tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cohorts, based on clinical outcome. Importantly, this gene signature was only effective in endocrine-treated conditions. Cumulatively, our data suggest that RIP140 plays an important role in ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation in breast cancer and response to tamoxifen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rosell
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Stelloo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariel Poliandri
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zhu J, Zhao C, Kharman-Biz A, Zhuang T, Jonsson P, Liang N, Williams C, Lin CY, Qiao Y, Zendehdel K, Strömblad S, Treuter E, Dahlman-Wright K. The atypical ubiquitin ligase RNF31 stabilizes estrogen receptor α and modulates estrogen-stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation. Oncogene 2014; 33:4340-51. [PMID: 24441041 PMCID: PMC4141304 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is initially expressed in the majority of breast cancers and promotes estrogen-dependent cancer progression by regulating the transcription of genes linked to cell proliferation. ERα status is of clinical importance, as ERα-positive breast cancers can be successfully treated by adjuvant therapy with antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors. Complications arise from the frequent development of drug resistance that might be caused by multiple alterations, including components of ERα signaling, during tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, insights into the molecular mechanisms that control ERα expression and stability are of utmost importance to improve breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Here we report that the atypical E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF31 stabilizes ERα and facilitates ERα-stimulated proliferation in breast cancer cell lines. We show that depletion of RNF31 decreases the number of cells in the S phase and reduces the levels of ERα and its downstream target genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc. Analysis of data from clinical samples confirms correlation between RNF31 expression and the expression of ERα target genes. Immunoprecipitation indicates that RNF31 associates with ERα and increases its stability and mono-ubiquitination, dependent on the ubiquitin ligase activity of RNF31. Our data suggest that association of RNF31 and ERα occurs mainly in the cytosol, consistent with the lack of RNF31 recruitment to ERα-occupied promoters. In conclusion, our study establishes a non-genomic mechanism by which RNF31 via stabilizing ERα levels controls the transcription of estrogen-dependent genes linked to breast cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Kharman-Biz
- 1] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden [2] Cancer Research Center, Cancer institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Zhuang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P Jonsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Liang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Williams
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C-Y Lin
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Qiao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - E Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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15
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Tenga MJ, Lazar IM. Proteomic snapshot of breast cancer cell cycle: G1/S transition point. Proteomics 2013; 13:48-60. [PMID: 23152136 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological processes that unfold during the G1-phase of the cell cycle are dependent on extracellular mitogenic factors that signal the cell to enter a state of quiescence, or commit to a cell-cycle round by passing the restriction point (R-point) and enter the S-phase. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells evolved the ability to evade the R-point and continue through the cell cycle even in the presence of extensive DNA damage or absence of mitogenic signals. The purpose of this study was to perform a quantitative proteomic evaluation of the biological processes that are responsible for driving MCF-7 breast cancer cells into division even when molecular checkpoints such as the G1/S R-point are in place. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of the G1 and S cell-cycle phases were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to result in the confident identification of more than 2700 proteins. Statistical evaluation of the normalized data resulted in the selection of proteins that displayed twofold or more change in spectral counts in each cell state. Pathway mapping, functional annotation clustering, and protein interaction network analysis revealed that the top-scoring clusters that could play a role in overriding the G1/S transition point included DNA damage response, chromatin remodeling, transcription/translation regulation, and signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros J Tenga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 246021, USA
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16
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Abstract
Despite over 15 years of research, the exact role, if any, played by estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in human breast cancer remains elusive. A large body of data both in vitro and in vivo supports its role as an antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic factor especially when co-expressed with ERα. However, there is a smaller body of data associating ERβ with growth and survival in breast cancer. In clinical studies and most often in cell culture studies, the pro-growth and pro-survival activity of ERβ occurs in ERα-negative breast cancer tissue and cells. This bi-faceted role of ERβ is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Leygue
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0V9.
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17
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Interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with the estrogen receptor alpha F domain provides a drug target interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8894-9. [PMID: 23676274 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220809110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including breast cancer. Breast cancer therapy is therefore currently directed at inhibiting the transcriptional potency of ERα, either by blocking estrogen production through aromatase inhibitors or antiestrogens that compete for hormone binding. Due to resistance, new treatment modalities are needed and as ERα dimerization is essential for its activity, interference with receptor dimerization offers a new opportunity to exploit in drug design. Here we describe a unique mechanism of how ERα dimerization is negatively controlled by interaction with 14-3-3 proteins at the extreme C terminus of the receptor. Moreover, the small-molecule fusicoccin (FC) stabilizes this ERα/14-3-3 interaction. Cocrystallization of the trimeric ERα/14-3-3/FC complex provides the structural basis for this stabilization and shows the importance of phosphorylation of the penultimate Threonine (ERα-T(594)) for high-affinity interaction. We confirm that T(594) is a distinct ERα phosphorylation site in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using a phospho-T(594)-specific antibody and by mass spectrometry. In line with its ERα/14-3-3 interaction stabilizing effect, fusicoccin reduces the estradiol-stimulated ERα dimerization, inhibits ERα/chromatin interactions and downstream gene expression, resulting in decreased cell proliferation. Herewith, a unique functional phosphosite and an alternative regulation mechanism of ERα are provided, together with a small molecule that selectively targets this ERα/14-3-3 interface.
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18
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Malinen M, Jääskeläinen T, Pelkonen M, Heikkinen S, Väisänen S, Kosma VM, Nieminen K, Mannermaa A, Palvimo JJ. Proto-oncogene PIM-1 is a novel estrogen receptor target associating with high grade breast tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 365:270-6. [PMID: 23142699 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We searched ERα cistromes of MCF-7 breast cancer cells for previously unrecognized ERα targets and identified proto-oncogene PIM-1 as a novel potential target gene. We show that the expression of PIM-1 is induced in response to estradiol in MCF-7 cells and that the induction is mediated by ERα-regulated enhancers located distally upstream from the gene. In keeping with the growth-promoting role of the PIM-1, depletion of the PIM-1 attenuated the proliferation of the MCF-7 cells, which was paralleled with up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor CDKN1A and CDKN2B expression. Analysis of PIM-1 expression between invasive breast tumors and benign breast tissue samples showed that elevated PIM-1 expression is associated with malignancy and a higher tumor grade. In sum, identification of PIM-1 as an ERα target gene adds a novel potential mechanism by which estrogens can contribute to breast cancer cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- Estradiol/physiology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Neoplasm Grading
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Malinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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MART-10, a New Generation of Vitamin D Analog, Is More Potent than 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and Inducing Apoptosis in ER+ MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:310872. [PMID: 23304196 PMCID: PMC3530235 DOI: 10.1155/2012/310872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hormone antagonist therapy for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients post radical surgery and radiation therapy has a poor prognosis and also causes bone loss. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] is a potent antitumor agent in pre-clinical studies, but caused hypercalcemia when its effective antitumor doses were used. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a less-calcemic 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, 19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MART-10), on ER+MCF-7 cells. We demonstrate that MART-10 is 500- to 1000-fold more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3 in inhibiting cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MART-10 is also much more potent in arresting MCF-7cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase as compared to 1α,25(OH)2D3, possibly mediated by a greater induction of p21 and p27 expression. Moreover, MART-10 is more active than 1α,25(OH)2D3 in causing cell apoptosis, likely through a higher BAX/Bcl expression ratio and the subsequent cytochrome C release from mitochondria to cytosol. Based on our in vitro findings, MART-10 could be a promising vitamin D analog for the potential treatment of breast cancer, for example, ER+ patients, to decrease the tumor relapse rate and the side effect on bone caused by antihormone regimens. Thus, further in vivo animal study is warranted.
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20
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Domanski AM, Monsef N, Domanski HA, Grabau D, Fernö M. Comparison of the oestrogen and progesterone receptor status in primary breast carcinomas as evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry: a consecutive series of 267 patients. Cytopathology 2012; 24:21-5. [PMID: 22783929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2012.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of cytological specimens to evaluate tumour biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer lesions has attracted increased interest because of the considerable number of reports that have shown discordance between the primary tumour and metastatic lesion. Oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) assays are crucial for the management of patients with breast cancer, in both adjuvant and palliative settings. The aim of this study was to compare the ER and PgR immunocytochemical analysis of fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) of surgical specimens and core biopsies from primary breast cancers. METHODS The FNA specimens were prepared as cell blocks (n = 25) or ThinPreps (n = 258) for the immunocytochemistry (IC) ER and PgR analyses. Sixteen patients were excluded because of lack of follow-up (n = 1), neoadjuvant therapy (n = 3) or cell counts in their fine needle aspirates that were too low (n = 12). The results of IC on 25 cell blocks and 242 ThinPreps were compared with IHC on the corresponding core needle biopsies (n = 16) or excised tumours (n = 251). The ER and PgR status was defined as negative (when less than 10% of the nuclei were stained) or positive (when equal or more than 10% of the nuclei were stained). Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the concordance. RESULTS The ER concordance was 98% with ThinPrep (κ = 0.93) and 92% with cell block (κ = 0.82). The corresponding values for PgR were 96% (κ = 0.91) and 96% (κ = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that, in cases in which biopsies or surgical specimens are not available, IC (with either cell block or ThinPrep techniques) is a reliable method for the determination of the ER and PgR status performed under strict conditions using primary breast carcinomas, and is therefore potentially useful in metastatic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Domanski
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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21
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Hanash S, Schliekelman M, Zhang Q, Taguchi A. Integration of proteomics into systems biology of cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 4:327-37. [PMID: 22407608 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the complexity and heterogeneity of cancer, benefits from integration of proteomic level data into systems biology efforts. The opportunities available as a result of advances in proteomic technologies, the successes to date, and the challenges involved in integrating diverse datasets are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hanash
- Molecular Diagnostics Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Wend K, Wend P, Krum SA. Tissue-Specific Effects of Loss of Estrogen during Menopause and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:19. [PMID: 22654856 PMCID: PMC3356020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of estrogens have been best studied in the breast, breast cancers, and in the female reproductive tract. However, estrogens have important functions in almost every tissue in the body. Recent clinical trials such as the Women's Health Initiative have highlighted both the importance of estrogens and how little we know about the molecular mechanism of estrogens in these other tissues. In this review, we illustrate the diverse functions of estrogens in the bone, adipose tissue, skin, hair, brain, skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system, and how the loss of estrogens during aging affects these tissues. Early transcriptional targets of estrogen are reviewed in each tissue. We also describe the tissue-specific effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) used for the treatment of breast cancers and postmenopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korinna Wend
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Wend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Lee YM, Lee JY, Ho CC, Hong QS, Yu SL, Tzeng CR, Yang PC, Chen HW. miRNA-34b as a tumor suppressor in estrogen-dependent growth of breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R116. [PMID: 22113133 PMCID: PMC3326558 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estrogen is involved in several physiological and pathological processes through estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated transcriptional gene regulation. miRNAs (miRs), which are noncoding RNA genes, may respond to estrogen and serve as posttranscriptional regulators in tumorigenic progression, especially in breast cancer; however, only limited information about this possibility is available. In the present study, we identified the estrogen-regulated miR-34b and investigated its functional role in breast cancer progression. Methods Estrogen-regulated miRNAs were identified by using a TaqMan low density array. Our in vivo Tet-On system orthotopic model revealed the tumor-suppressive ability of miR-34b. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated miR-34b were regulated by p53-ER interaction. Results In this study, we identified one such estrogen downregulated miRNA, miR-34b, as an oncosuppressor that targets cyclin D1 and Jagged-1 (JAG1) in an ER+/wild-type p53 breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), as well as in ovarian and endometrial cells, but not in ER-negative or mutant p53 breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MBA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-435). There is a negative association between ERα and miR-34b expression levels in ER+ breast cancer patients. Tet-On induction of miR-34b can cause inhibition of tumor growth and cell proliferation. Also, the overexpression of miR-34b inhibited ER+ breast tumor growth in an orthotopic mammary fat pad xenograft mouse model. Further validation indicated that estrogen's inhibition of miR-34b expression was mediated by interactions between ERα and p53, not by DNA methylation regulation. The xenoestrogens diethylstilbestrol and zeranol also showed similar estrogenic effects by inhibiting miR-34b expression and by restoring the protein levels of the miR-34b targets cyclin D1 and JAG1 in MCF-7 cells. Conclusions These findings reveal that miR-34b is an oncosuppressor miRNA requiring both ER+ and wild-type p53 phenotypes in breast cancer cells. These results improve our ability to develop new therapeutic strategies to target the complex estrogenic pathway in human breast cancer progression through miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ming Lee
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No, 1, Sec, 1, Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
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24
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Khan SI, Aumsuwan P, Khan IA, Walker LA, Dasmahapatra AK. Epigenetic events associated with breast cancer and their prevention by dietary components targeting the epigenome. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 25:61-73. [PMID: 21992498 DOI: 10.1021/tx200378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic alterations in the genome such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling play a significant role in breast cancer development. Since epigenetic alterations are considered to be more easily reversible compared to genetic changes, epigenetic therapy is potentially very useful in reversing some of these defects. Methylation of CpG islands is an important component of the epigenetic code, and a number of genes become abnormally methylated in breast cancer patients. Currently, several epigenetic-based synthetic drugs that can reduce DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation are undergoing preclinical and clinical trials. However, these chemicals are generally very toxic and do not have gene specificity. Epidemiological studies have shown that Asian women are less prone to breast cancer due to their high consumption of soy food than the Caucasian women of western countries. Moreover, complementary/and or alternative medicines are commonly used by Asian populations which are rich in bioactive ingredients known to be chemopreventive against tumorigenesis in general. Examples of such agents include dietary polyphenols, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, genistein from soybean, isothiocyanates from plant foods, curcumin from turmeric, resveratrol from grapes, and sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables. These bioactive components are able to modulate epigenetic events, and their epigenetic targets are known to be associated with breast cancer prevention and therapy. This approach could facilitate the discovery and development of novel drugs for the treatment of breast cancer. In this brief review, we will summarize the epigenetic events associated with breast cancer and the potential of some of these bioactive dietary components to modulate these events and thus afford new therapeutic or preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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