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Barthélemy A, Scherer H, Daub M, Bugnet A, Krossing I. Structures, Bonding Analyses and Reactivity of a Dicationic Digallene and Diindene Mimicking trans-bent Ditetrylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311648. [PMID: 37728006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of bisdicyclohexylphosphinoethane (dcpe) and the subvalent MI sources [MI (PhF)2 ][pf] (M=Ga+ , In+ ; [pf]- =[Al(ORF )4 ]- ; RF =C(CF3 )3 ) yielded the salts [{M(dcpe)}2 ][pf]2 , containing the first dicationic, trans-bent digallene and diindene structures reported so far. The non-classical MI ⇆MI double bonds are surprisingly short and display a ditetrylene-like structure. The bonding situation was extensively analyzed by quantum chemical calculations, QTAIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules) and EDA-NOCV (Energy Decomposition Analysis with the combination of Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence) analyses and is compared to that in the isoelectronic and isostructural, but neutral digermenes and distannenes. The dissolved [{Ga(dcpe)}2 ]2+ ([pf]- )2 readily reacts with 1-hexene, cyclooctyne, diphenyldisulfide, diphenylphosphine and under mild conditions at room temperature. This reactivity is analyzed and rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Daub
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexis Bugnet
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Baird SR, Hupf E, Watson IC, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. An indium(I) tetramer bound by anionic N-heterocyclic olefins: ambiphilic reactivity, transmetallation and a rare indium-imide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2903-2906. [PMID: 36752173 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An organometallic tetrahedron-shaped indium(I) tetramer [(MeIPrCH)In]4 (MeIPrCH = [(MeCNDipp)2CCH]-; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) supported by anionic N-heterocyclic olefin (aNHO) ligands is reported. The monomeric unit of this species exhibits both Lewis acidic and basic character at indium, while the steric profile of the aNHO ligand enables isolation of a rare monomeric imide, RInNR'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Baird
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Str. 7, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Ian C Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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3
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Dabringhaus P, Barthélemy A, Krossing I. The Coordination Chemistry and Clustering of Subvalent Ga
+
and In
+
upon Addition of σ‐Donor Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
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4
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Guggolz L, Dehnen S. Systematic DFT Studies on Binary Pseudo-tetrahedral Zintl Anions: Relative Stabilities and Reactivities towards Protons, Trimethylsilyl Groups, and Iron Complex Fragments. Chemistry 2020; 26:11819-11828. [PMID: 32285972 PMCID: PMC7540718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Binary pseudo-tetrahedral Zintl anions composed of (semi)metal atoms of the p-block elements have proven to be excellent starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of heterometallic and intermetalloid transition metal-main group metal cluster anions. However, only ten of the theoretically possible 48 anions have been experimentally accessed to date as isolable salts. This brings up the question whether the other species are generally not achievable, or whether synthetic chemists just have not succeeded in their preparation so far. To contribute to a possible answer to this question, global minimum structures were calculated for all anions of the type (TrTt3 )5- , (TrPn3 )2- , and (Tt2 Pn2 )2- , comprising elements of periods 3 to 6 (Tr: triel, Al⋅⋅⋅Tl; Tt: tetrel, Si⋅⋅⋅Pb; Pn: pnictogen, P⋅⋅⋅Bi). By analyzing the computational results, a concept was developed to predict which of the yet missing anions should be synthesizable and why. Additionally, the results of an electrophilic attack by protons or trimethylsilyl groups or a nucleophilic attack by transition metal complex fragments are described. The latter yields butterfly-like structures that can be viewed as a new form of adaptable tridentate chelating ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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5
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Desat ME, Gärtner S, Kretschmer R. Dinuclear indium and thallium diyls: biscarbenoids or metal cluster? Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1510-1513. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
New types of polynuclear indium and thallium compounds were isolated,i.e., a four membered rhombic indacycle and a Tl2-pseudo-dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella E. Desat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Universität Regensburg, Zentrale Analytik
- Röntgenstrukturanalyse
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
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6
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Levitsky MM, Bilyachenko AN. Modern concepts and methods in the chemistry of polyhedral metallasiloxanes. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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dos Santos RB, Rivelino R, Mota FDB, Kakanakova-Georgieva A, Gueorguiev GK. Feasibility of novel (H3C)nX(SiH3)3−ncompounds (X = B, Al, Ga, In): structure, stability, reactivity, and Raman characterization from ab initio calculations. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:3356-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stability of the (H3C)nX(SiH3)3−ncompounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B. dos Santos
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal da Bahia
- 40210-340 Salvador
- Brazil
- Department of Physics
| | - R. Rivelino
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal da Bahia
- 40210-340 Salvador
- Brazil
| | - F. de Brito Mota
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal da Bahia
- 40210-340 Salvador
- Brazil
| | | | - G. K. Gueorguiev
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- Linköping University
- 581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
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8
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Sickerman NS, Henry RM, Ziller JW, Borovik AS. Preparation and Structural Properties of In III-H Complexes. Polyhedron 2013; 58:65-70. [PMID: 25309019 PMCID: PMC4190917 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of the tripodal ligands tris[(N'-tert-butylureaylato)-N-ethyl]aminato ([H3buea]3-) and the sulfonamide-based N,N',N"-[2,2',2"-nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)]tris(2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-sulfonamidato) ([MST]3-) has led to the synthesis of two structurally distinct In(III)-OH complexes. The first example of a five-coordinate indium(III) complex with a terminal hydroxide ligand, K[InIIIH3buea(OH)], was prepared by addition of In(OAc)3 and water to a deprotonated solution of H6buea. X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic methods, provided evidence for the formation of a monomeric In(III)-OH complex. The complex contains an intramolecular hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) network involving the In(III)-OH unit and [H3buea]3- ligand, which aided in isolation of the complex. Isotope labeling studies verified the source of the hydroxo ligand as water. Treatment of the [InIIIMST] complex with a mixture of 15-crown-5 ether and NaOH led to isolation of the complex [15-crown-5⊃NaI-(μ-OH)-InIIIMST], whose solid-state structure was confirmed using X-ray diffraction methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on this complex suggest it retains its heterobimetallic structure in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Sickerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Renée M Henry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697
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10
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González-Gallardo S, Bollermann T, Fischer RA, Murugavel R. Cyclopentadiene Based Low-Valent Group 13 Metal Compounds: Ligands in Coordination Chemistry and Link between Metal Rich Molecules and Intermetallic Materials. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3136-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra González-Gallardo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Bollermann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai−400076, India
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11
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von Hänisch C, Kracke A. Synthese von verbrückend substituierten sekundären Phosphanen sowie deren Reaktionen mit Triisopropylindium. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Welsch S, Bodensteiner M, Dušek M, Sierka M, Scheer M. A Novel Soluble InIPrecursor for PnLigand Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2010; 16:13041-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Timoshkin AY, Schaefer HF. The road to 13-15 nano structures: structures and energetics of (MYH(2))(4) tetramers (M = B, Al, Ga; Y = N, P, As). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:516-25. [PMID: 19842651 DOI: 10.1021/jp907410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A(III)B(V) compounds are important for the development of advanced ceramic semiconductor and nanoelectronic materials, solar cell elements, and light-emitting diodes. A series of these group 13-15 compounds of the general formula M(4)Y(4)H(8) (M = B, Al, Ga; Y = N, P, As) has been theoretically studied at the B3LYP/TZVP level of theory. The stability of different isomer structures is discussed to reveal the competitiveness of group 13-13, group 13-15, and group 15-15 bonding. Preferential bonding patterns are established, and trends in the stability with respect to M and Y are also discussed. New structural types, featuring perfectly planar M(4) and Y(4) rings, have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, University Pr. 26, Old Peterhof, 198504 Russia.
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14
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Cooper BFT, Macdonald CLB. Alternative syntheses of univalent indium salts including a direct route from indium metal. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Linti G, Bühler M, Monakhov KY, Zessin T. Synthesis and structure of tri- and octaindium compounds. Dalton Trans 2009:8071-8. [PMID: 19771371 DOI: 10.1039/b908450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of InCp* with alkali metal silanides M(thf)(n)SiRPh(2) (R = Me, Ph) resulted in the triindanate [(Ph(3)Si)(3)In-In-In(SiPh(3))](-) with a linear arrangement of In atoms and the octaindium clusters [(In(8)(SiPh(3))(8)](m-) (m = 0, 2) amongst others, which were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The neutral cluster has a bisphenoidal core similar to that of B(8)Cl(8), whilst the anionic one adopts a distorted square antiprismatic structure. In addition, the tri- and octaindium compounds were studied by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Linti
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Monakhov KY, Linti G. Theoretical Study of Structure, Bonding, and Electronic Behavior of Low-Valent Bismuth Cyclopentadienyl and Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Half-Sandwich Compounds. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6986-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9006229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Yu. Monakhov
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerald Linti
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Hauber SO, Niemeyer M. Aryldimethylsilyl Modified Hypersilanes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Linti G, Seifert A. Subvalente Galliumtriflate – mögliche Ausgangsverbindungen für Clusterverbindungen des Galliums. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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