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Jordan EJ, Calder EDE, Adcock HV, Male L, Nieger M, Slootweg JC, Jupp AR. Azophosphines: Synthesis, Structure and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401358. [PMID: 38624247 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The conceptual replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus in common organic functional groups unlocks new properties and reactivity. The phosphorus-containing analogues of triazenes are underexplored but offer great potential as flexible and small bite-angle ligands. This manuscript explores the synthesis and characterisation of a family of air-stable azophosphine-borane complexes, and their subsequent deprotection to the free azophosphines. These compounds are structurally characterised, both experimentally and computationally, and highlight the availability of the phosphorus lone pair for coordination. This is confirmed by demonstrating that neutral azophosphines can act as ligands in Ru complexes, and can coordinate as monodentate or bidentate ligands in a controlled manner, in contrast to their nitrogen analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ethan D E Calder
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Holly V Adcock
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Louise Male
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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de Castro Silva Junior H, Antunes U, Dos Santos AJRWA, Moreira EC. Tweaking the conjugation effects on a pair of new triazene compounds by targeted deprotonation: a spectroscopic and theoretical overview. J Mol Model 2023; 29:298. [PMID: 37642802 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Triazene compounds (-NNN(H)-) exhibit versatility in biological, physical, and chemical applications. In their anionic form (-NNN-)(-), they can act as coordinating sites for metals, forming metallic complexes. In this study, two new isomeric triazene compounds with meta- and para-substituents in their neutral and anionic forms were investigated. A combination of detailed experimental spectroscopic characterization and computational chemistry analyses were employed. The new compounds, 1-(2-benzamide)-3-(3-nitrophenyl) triazene (m-TZN) and 1-(2-benzamide)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) triazene (p-TZN), were compared to 1,3-diphenyltriazene (dph-TZN) to understand the effects of functionalization and targeted triazene deprotonation. The anionic forms are stable, and our investigation suggests that these new compounds are suitable tridentate ligands that can act as chelating agents for metallic cations in stable complexes, similar to those found in vitamin B12. METHODS The absorption, vibrational, and electronic properties of the newly synthesized triazene compounds were extensively characterized using FT-IR/FT-Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Their distinct molecular properties, intramolecular hydrogen bond effects, stability, and electronic transitions were investigated using the ORCA software. These analyses involved DFT and TD-DFT calculations at the ωB97X-D3/Def2-TZVP level of theory with THF CPCM implicit solvation to determine the molecular topology and electronic structure. The advanced STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD method for excited states was employed, enabling an in-depth analysis of ground and excited-state chemistry, accounting for precise electronic correlation and solvation effects. Explicit THF solvation was tested on the full TD-DFT ωB97X-D3/Def2-TZVP level and using ONIOM on the STEOM calculation. Reactivity was studied using Fukui functions, and action as chelating agents was investigated using GFN-xTB2 and DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uhil Antunes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Bagé, Bagé, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Ceretta Moreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Bagé, Bagé, RS, Brazil
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O'Sullivan OT, Zdilla MJ. Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5682-5744. [PMID: 32543838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen is uniquely situated in the periodic table to form kinetically stable compounds often with chemically stable N-N bonds but which are thermodynamically unstable in that the formation of stable multiply bonded N2 is usually thermodynamically preferable. This unique placement in the periodic table makes catenated nitrogen compounds of interest for development of high-energy-density materials, including explosives for defense and construction purposes, as well as propellants for missile propulsion and for space exploration. This review, designed for a chemical audience, describes foundational subjects, methods, and metrics relevant to the energetic materials community and provides an overview of important classes of catenated nitrogen compounds ranging from theoretical investigation of hypothetical molecules to the practical application of real-world energetic materials. The review is intended to provide detailed chemical insight into the synthesis and decomposition of such materials as well as foundational knowledge of energetic science new to most chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen T O'Sullivan
- ASEE Fellow, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division (NSWC IHD), 4005 Indian Head Hwy, Indian Head, Maryland 20640, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Salbego PRS, Bender CR, Orlando T, Moraes GA, Copetti JPP, Weimer GH, Bonacorso HG, Zanatta N, Hoerner M, Martins MAP. Supramolecular Similarity in Polymorphs: Use of Similarity Indices (I X). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9697-9709. [PMID: 31460060 PMCID: PMC6648757 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A systematic investigation to assess the degree of similarity between polymorphs was carried out. A similarity indices (IX) approach was applied in ten series of polymorphs with different characteristics and number of molecules in the asymmetric unit. Geometric (ID), contact area (IC), and stabilization energy (IG) parameters were used. It was possible to situate each comparison in different regions of similarity within the polymorphism phenomenon and determine the boundaries between quasi-isostructural polymorphs and polymorphs of low similarity. The multiparameter IDCG index was used as a robust tool to determine the total similarity within the polymorphism phenomenon. The highest contribution of the stabilization energy parameter (45%) toward the final value of similarity (IDCG) was observed, followed by the contact area index (32%). The geometric index contributed approximately 23% to the final value of IDCG. This information reinforces the importance of the contact area and stabilization energy in assessing the degree of similarity between crystalline structures. A new descriptor (IQ) based on the comparison of the energetic contribution of intermolecular interaction types present in each crystal structure is presented. IQ can be a versatile tool and applicable even for systems that do not share any similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. S. Salbego
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- E-mail: (P.R.S.S.)
| | - Caroline R. Bender
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainára Orlando
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. Moraes
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João P. P. Copetti
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. Weimer
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Manfredo Hoerner
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química
de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) and Núcleo
de Investigação de Triazenos e Complexos (NITRICO),
Department of Chemistry, Federal University
of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- E-mail: (M.A.P.M)
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Gyton MR, Bhadbhade M, Cole ML. A Flexible, Extremely Sterically Demanding Triazenide Ligand: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Gyton
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Current address: Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry United Kingdom
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Marcus L. Cole
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
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Carlton L, Nyoni MS, Fernandes MA. Triazenide complexes of iridium. Evidence for [Ir(η1-N3Ph2)(HN3Ph2)(1,5-cod)], structures of [Ir2(μ-OMe)2(1,5-cod)2], [Ir2(μ-N3Ph2)2(1,5-cod)2], [Ir(η2-N3Ph2)(H)(SiPh3)(1,5-cod)], [Ir(η2-N3Ph2)(H)(SnPh3)(1,5-cod)] and [Ir(η2-N3Ph2)(SC6F5)2(1,5-cod)]. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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A new tetranuclear copper(I) cluster of 1,3-bis(4-bromophenyl)triazene ligand: Synthesis, characterization, structural and computational studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Slyvka Y, Goreshnik E, Ardan B, Veryasov G, Morozov D, Mys’kiv M. A new tetranuclear copper(I) complex based on allyl(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)azanide ligand: Synthesis and structural characterization. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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M…π(arene) interactions for M=gallium, indium and thallium: Influence upon supramolecular self-assembly and prevalence in some proteins. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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