1
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Song M, Alavi A, Li Manni G. Permutation symmetry in spin-adapted many-body wave functions. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39158096 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In the domain of exchange-coupled polynuclear transition-metal (PNTM) clusters, local emergent symmetries exist which can be exploited to greatly increase the sparsity of the configuration interaction (CI) eigensolutions of such systems. Sparsity of the CI secular problem is revealed by exploring the site permutation space within spin-adapted many-body bases, and highly compressed wave functions may arise by finding optimal site orderings. However, the factorial cost of searching through the permutation space remains a bottleneck for clusters with a large number of metal centers. In this work, we explore ways to reduce the factorial scaling, by combining permutation and point group symmetry arguments, and using commutation relations between cumulative partial spin and the Hamiltonian operators, . Certain site orderings lead to commuting operators, from which more sparse wave functions arise. Two graphical strategies will be discussed, one to rapidly evaluate the commutators of interest, and one in the form of a tree search algorithm to predict how many and which distinct site permutations are to be analyzed, eliminating redundancies in the permutation space. Particularly interesting is the case of the singlet spin states for which an additional reversal symmetry can be utilized to further reduce the number of distinct site permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maru Song
- Electronic Structure Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ali Alavi
- Electronic Structure Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giovanni Li Manni
- Electronic Structure Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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2
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Wang J, Lei X, Guo S, Zhang X, Deng Y, Ma Q, Jin M, Zhao L, Wang X, Chen Z, Su D. Molybdenum-Doped Cobalt-Free Cathode Realizing the Electrochemical Stability by Enhanced Covalent Bonding. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403828. [PMID: 39031862 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The doping strategy effectively enhances the capacity and cycling stability of cobalt-free nickel-rich cathodes. Understanding the intrinsic contributions of dopants is of great importance to optimize the performances of cathodes. This study investigates the correlation between the structure modification and their performances of Mo-doped LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2 (NM82) cathode. The role of doped Mo's valence state has been proved functional in both lattice structural modification and electronic state adjustment. Although the high-valence of Mo at the cathode surface inevitably reduces Ni valence for electronic neutrality and thus causes ion mixing, the original Mo valence will influence its diffusion depth. Structural analyses reveal Mo doping leads to a mixed layer on the surface, where high-valence Mo forms a slender cation mixing layer, enhancing structural stability and Li-ion transport. In addition, it is found that the high-valence dopant of Mo6+ ions partially occupies the unfilled 4d orbitals, which may strengthen the Mo─O bond through increased covalency and therefore reduce the oxygen mobility. This results in an impressive capacity retention (90.0% after 200 cycles) for Mo-NM82 cathodes with a high Mo valence state. These findings underscore the valence effect of doping on layered oxide cathode performance, offering guidance for next-generation cathode development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xincheng Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shengnan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yaping Deng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mingliang Jin
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics & College of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics & College of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics & College of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Ye T, Li H, Xiao T, Sun Z. Bionic Design of Iron-Doped MoSe 2 Catalyst for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400448. [PMID: 38797704 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic system of biological nitrogen fixation in nature primarily relies on the "FeMo cofactor" within nitrogenase enzymes. Inspired by this natural structure, we have designed a bionic inorganic counterpart, iron-doped MoSe2, for the efficient electroreduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. The introduced Fe dopant significantly enhances nitrogen fixation activity of MoSe2. Furthermore, we constructed a heterostructure catalyst, the Fe-MoSe2/Mo2C with more versatile Mo valence states. The heterostructured electrocatalyst achieves an ammonia production rate of 3.38 μg cm-2 h-1, and a Faradaic efficiency of 30.8 %, which is ~5 fold higher than that of pristine MoSe2. This study presents a novel approach for designing bionic nitrogen fixation electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Taishi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhengzong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- School of Microelectronics, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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4
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Zayed O, Hewedy OA, Abdelmoteleb A, Ali M, Youssef MS, Roumia AF, Seymour D, Yuan ZC. Nitrogen Journey in Plants: From Uptake to Metabolism, Stress Response, and Microbe Interaction. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1443. [PMID: 37892125 PMCID: PMC10605003 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants uptake and assimilate nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate, ammonium ions, and available amino acids from organic sources. Plant nitrate and ammonium transporters are responsible for nitrate and ammonium translocation from the soil into the roots. The unique structure of these transporters determines the specificity of each transporter, and structural analyses reveal the mechanisms by which these transporters function. Following absorption, the nitrogen metabolism pathway incorporates the nitrogen into organic compounds via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase that convert ammonium ions into glutamine and glutamate. Different isoforms of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase exist, enabling plants to fine-tune nitrogen metabolism based on environmental cues. Under stressful conditions, nitric oxide has been found to enhance plant survival under drought stress. Furthermore, the interaction between salinity stress and nitrogen availability in plants has been studied, with nitric oxide identified as a potential mediator of responses to salt stress. Conversely, excessive use of nitrate fertilizers can lead to health and environmental issues. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as establishing nitrogen fixation in plants through diazotrophic microbiota, have been explored to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Ultimately, genomics can identify new genes related to nitrogen fixation, which could be harnessed to improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Zayed
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 9250, USA;
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Omar A. Hewedy
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ali Abdelmoteleb
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Maryout Research Station, Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Matarya St., El-Matareya, Cairo 11753, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Youssef
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ahmed F. Roumia
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt;
| | - Danelle Seymour
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 9250, USA;
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Abstract
Coordination-induced bond weakening is a phenomenon wherein ligand X-H bond homolysis occurs in concert with the energetically favorable oxidation of a coordinating metal complex. The coupling of these two processes enables thermodynamically favorable proton-coupled electron transfer reductions to form weak bonds upon formal hydrogen atom transfer to substrates. Moreover, systems utilizing coordination-induced bond weakening have been shown to facilitate the dehydrogenation of feedstock molecules including water, ammonia, and primary alcohols under mild conditions. The formation of exceptionally weak substrate X-H bonds via small molecule homolysis is a powerful strategy in synthesis and has been shown to enable nitrogen fixation under mild conditions. Coordination-induced bond weakening has also been identified as an integral process in biophotosynthesis and has promising applications in renewable chemical fuel storage systems. This review presents a discussion of the advances made in the study of coordination-induced bond weakening to date. Because of the broad range of metal and ligand species implicated in coordination-induced bond weakening, each literature report is discussed individually and ordered by the identity of the low-valent metal. We then offer mechanistic insights into the basis of coordination-induced bond weakening and conclude with a discussion of opportunities for further research into the development and applications of coordination-induced bond weakening systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Boekell
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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6
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Tzeliou CE, Mermigki MA, Tzeli D. Review on the QM/MM Methodologies and Their Application to Metalloproteins. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092660. [PMID: 35566011 PMCID: PMC9105939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiscaling quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach was introduced in 1976, while the extensive acceptance of this methodology started in the 1990s. The combination of QM/MM approach with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, otherwise known as the QM/MM/MD approach, is a powerful and promising tool for the investigation of chemical reactions’ mechanism of complex molecular systems, drug delivery, properties of molecular devices, organic electronics, etc. In the present review, the main methodologies in the multiscaling approaches, i.e., density functional theory (DFT), semiempirical methodologies (SE), MD simulations, MM, and their new advances are discussed in short. Then, a review on calculations and reactions on metalloproteins is presented, where particular attention is given to nitrogenase that catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen molecules N₂ into NH₃ through the process known as nitrogen fixation and the FeMo-cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Eleftheria Tzeliou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (C.E.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Markella Aliki Mermigki
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (C.E.T.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (C.E.T.); (M.A.M.)
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4307
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7
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Benediktsson B, Bjornsson R. Analysis of the Geometric and Electronic Structure of Spin-Coupled Iron-Sulfur Dimers with Broken-Symmetry DFT: Implications for FeMoco. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:1437-1457. [PMID: 35167749 PMCID: PMC8908755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The open-shell electronic structure of iron-sulfur clusters presents considerable challenges to quantum chemistry, with the complex iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco) of nitrogenase representing perhaps the ultimate challenge for either wavefunction or density functional theory. While broken-symmetry density functional theory has seen some success in describing the electronic structure of such cofactors, there is a large exchange-correlation functional dependence in calculations that is not fully understood. In this work, we present a geometric benchmarking test set, FeMoD11, of synthetic spin-coupled Fe-Fe and Mo-Fe dimers, with relevance to the molecular and electronic structure of the Mo-nitrogenase FeMo cofactor. The reference data consists of high-resolution crystal structures of metal dimer compounds in different oxidation states. Multiple density functionals are tested on their ability to reproduce the local geometry, specifically the Fe-Fe/Mo-Fe distance, for both antiferromagnetically coupled and ferromagnetically coupled dimers via the broken-symmetry approach. The metal-metal distance is revealed not only to be highly sensitive to the amount of exact exchange in the functional but also to the specific exchange and correlation functionals. For the antiferromagnetically coupled dimers, the calculated metal-metal distance correlates well with the covalency of the bridging metal-ligand bonds, as revealed via the corresponding orbital analysis, Hirshfeld S/Fe charges, and Fe-S Mayer bond order. Superexchange via bridging ligands is expected to be the dominant interaction in these dimers, and our results suggest that functionals that predict accurate Fe-Fe and Mo-Fe distances describe the overall metal-ligand covalency more accurately and in turn the superexchange of these systems. The best performing density functionals of the 16 tested for the FeMoD11 test set are revealed to be either the nonhybrid functionals r2SCAN and B97-D3 or hybrid functionals with 10-15% exact exchange: TPSSh and B3LYP*. These same four functionals are furthermore found to reproduce the high-resolution X-ray structure of FeMoco well according to quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. Almost all nonhybrid functionals systematically underestimate Fe-Fe and Mo-Fe distances (with r2SCAN and B97-D3 being the sole exceptions), while hybrid functionals with >15% exact exchange (including range-separated hybrid functionals) overestimate them. The results overall suggest r2SCAN, B97-D3, TPSSh, and B3LYP* as accurate density functionals for describing the electronic structure of iron-sulfur clusters in general, including the complex FeMoco cluster of nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardi Benediktsson
- Science
Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science
Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Max-Planck
Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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8
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Svyazhin A, Nalbandyan V, Rovezzi M, Chumakova A, Detlefs B, Guda AA, Santambrogio A, Manceau A, Glatzel P. Chemical Information in the L 3 X-ray Absorption Spectra of Molybdenum Compounds by High-Energy-Resolution Detection and Density Functional Theory. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:869-881. [PMID: 34957831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopy using high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) has critically increased the information content in X-ray spectra. We extend this technique to the tender X-ray range and present a study at the L3-edge of molybdenum. We show how information on the oxidation state, phase composition, and local environment in molybdenum-based compounds can be obtained by analyzing the HERFD L3 X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). We demonstrate that the chemical shift of the L3-edge HERFD spectra follows a parabolic dependence on the oxidation state and show that a qualitative analysis of high-resolution spectra can help to estimate parameters such as distortion of a ligand environment and radial order of atoms around the absorber. In certain cases, the spectra allow disentangling the contributions from bond lengths and angles to the distortion of the ligand polyhedron. Comparison of the high-resolution spectra with theoretical simulations shows that the single-electron approximation is able to reproduce the spectral shape. The results of this work may be useful in every branch of physics, inorganic and organometallic chemistry, catalysis, materials science, biochemistry, and mineralogy where observed changes in performance or chemical properties of Mo-based compounds, accompanied by small changes in spectral shape, are to be related to the details of electronic structure and local atomic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Svyazhin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France.,M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Nalbandyan
- Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Mauro Rovezzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Irstea, Météo France, OSUG, FAME, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aleksandra Chumakova
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Blanka Detlefs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander A Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alessandro Santambrogio
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Manceau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
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9
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Crawley MR, Zhang D, Oldacre AN, Beavers CM, Friedman AE, Cook TR. Tuning the Reactivity of Cofacial Porphyrin Prisms for Oxygen Reduction Using Modular Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1098-1106. [PMID: 33377787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We assembled eight cofacial porphyrin prisms using MTPyP (M = Co(II) or Zn(II), TPyP = 4-tetrapyridylporphyrin) and functionalized ruthenium-based "molecular clips" using coordination-driven self-assembly. Our approach allows for the rapid synthesis of these architectures in isolated yields as high as 98% for the assembly step. Structural and reactivity studies provided a deeper understanding of the role of the building blocks on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Catalytic efficacy was probed by using cyclic and hydrodynamic voltammetry on heterogeneous catalyst inks in aqueous media. The reported prisms showed outstanding selectivity (>98%) for the kinetically hindered 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 to H2O over the kinetically more accessible 2e-/2H+ reduction to H2O2. Furthermore, we have demonstrated significant cofacial enhancement in the observed catalytic rate constant ks (∼5 orders of magnitude) over the mononuclear analogue. We conclude that the steric bulk of the clip plays an important role in the structural dynamics of these prisms, which in turn modulates the ORR reactivity with respect to selectivity and kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Crawley
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Daoyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Amanda N Oldacre
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Christine M Beavers
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Materials, Design, and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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10
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Benediktsson B, Bjornsson R. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study of Resting-State Vanadium Nitrogenase: Molecular and Electronic Structure of the Iron-Vanadium Cofactor. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11514-11527. [PMID: 32799489 PMCID: PMC7458435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogenase enzymes are responsible for all biological nitrogen reduction. How this is accomplished at the atomic level, however, has still not been established. The molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase has been extensively studied and is the most active catalyst for dinitrogen reduction of the nitrogenase enzymes. The vanadium-dependent form, on the other hand, displays different reactivity, being capable of CO and CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons. Only recently did a crystal structure of the VFe protein of vanadium nitrogenase become available, paving the way for detailed theoretical studies of the iron-vanadium cofactor (FeVco) within the protein matrix. The crystal structure revealed a bridging 4-atom ligand between two Fe atoms, proposed to be either a CO32- or NO3- ligand. Using a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics model of the VFe protein, starting from the 1.35 Å crystal structure, we have systematically explored multiple computational models for FeVco, considering either a CO32- or NO3- ligand, three different redox states, and multiple broken-symmetry states. We find that only a [VFe7S8C(CO3)]2- model for FeVco reproduces the crystal structure of FeVco well, as seen in a comparison of the Fe-Fe and V-Fe distances in the computed models. Furthermore, a broken-symmetry solution with Fe2, Fe3, and Fe5 spin-down (BS7-235) is energetically preferred. The electronic structure of the [VFe7S8C(CO3)]2- BS7-235 model is compared to our [MoFe7S9C]- BS7-235 model of FeMoco via localized orbital analysis and is discussed in terms of local oxidation states and different degrees of delocalization. As previously found from Fe X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies, the Fe part of FeVco is reduced compared to FeMoco, and the calculations reveal Fe5 as locally ferrous. This suggests resting-state FeVco to be analogous to an unprotonated E1 state of FeMoco. Furthermore, V-Fe interactions in FeVco are not as strong compared to Mo-Fe interactions in FeMoco. These clear differences in the electronic structures of otherwise similar cofactors suggest an explanation for distinct differences in reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardi Benediktsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Max-Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Castillo RG, Henthorn JT, McGale J, Maganas D, DeBeer S. Kβ X-Ray Emission Spectroscopic Study of a Second-Row Transition Metal (Mo) and Its Application to Nitrogenase-Related Model Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12965-12975. [PMID: 32363668 PMCID: PMC7496169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the Kβ (3p-1s) and valence-to-core (valence-1s) regions has been increasingly used to study metal active sites in (bio)inorganic chemistry and catalysis, providing information about the metal spin state, oxidation state and the identity of coordinated ligands. However, to date this technique has been limited almost exclusively to first-row transition metals. In this work, we present an extension of Kβ XES (in both the 4p-1s and valence-to-1s [or VtC] regions) to the second transition row by performing a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the molybdenum emission lines. It is demonstrated in this work that Kβ2 lines are dominated by spin state effects, while VtC XES of a 4d transition metal provides access to metal oxidation state and ligand identity. An extension of Mo Kβ XES to nitrogenase-relevant model complexes shows that the method is sufficiently sensitive to act as a spectator probe for redox events that are localized at the Fe atoms. Mo VtC XES thus has promise for future applications to nitrogenase, as well as a range of other Mo-containing biological cofactors. Further, the clear assignment of the origins of Mo VtC XES features opens up the possibility of applying this method to a wide range of second-row transition metals, thus providing chemists with a site-specific tool for the elucidation of 4d transition metal electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca G. Castillo
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Jeremy McGale
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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12
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Castillo RG, Henthorn JT, McGale J, Maganas D, DeBeer S. Kβ X‐Ray Emission Spectroscopic Study of a Second‐Row Transition Metal (Mo) and Its Application to Nitrogenase‐Related Model Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca G. Castillo
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jeremy McGale
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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13
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Van Stappen C, Decamps L, Cutsail GE, Bjornsson R, Henthorn JT, Birrell JA, DeBeer S. The Spectroscopy of Nitrogenases. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5005-5081. [PMID: 32237739 PMCID: PMC7318057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenases are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, a crucial step in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. These enzymes utilize a two-component protein system and a series of iron-sulfur clusters to perform this reaction, culminating at the FeMco active site (M = Mo, V, Fe), which is capable of binding and reducing N2 to 2NH3. In this review, we summarize how different spectroscopic approaches have shed light on various aspects of these enzymes, including their structure, mechanism, alternative reactivity, and maturation. Synthetic model chemistry and theory have also played significant roles in developing our present understanding of these systems and are discussed in the context of their contributions to interpreting the nature of nitrogenases. Despite years of significant progress, there is still much to be learned from these enzymes through spectroscopic means, and we highlight where further spectroscopic investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Laure Decamps
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James A. Birrell
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for
Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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14
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Thorhallsson AT, Benediktsson B, Bjornsson R. A model for dinitrogen binding in the E 4 state of nitrogenase. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11110-11124. [PMID: 32206260 PMCID: PMC7069239 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03610e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum nitrogenase is one of the most intriguing metalloenzymes in nature, featuring an exotic iron-molybdenum-sulfur cofactor, FeMoco, whose mode of action remains elusive. In particular, the molecular and electronic structure of the N2-binding E4 state is not known. In this study we present theoretical QM/MM calculations of new structural models of the E4 state of molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase and compare to previously suggested models for this enigmatic redox state. We propose two models as possible candidates for the E4 state. Both models feature two hydrides on the FeMo cofactor, bridging atoms Fe2 and Fe6 with a terminal sulfhydryl group on either Fe2 or Fe6 (derived from the S2B bridge) and the change in coordination results in local lower-spin electronic structure at Fe2 and Fe6. These structures appear consistent with the bridging hydride proposal put forward from ENDOR studies and are calculated to be lower in energy than other proposed models for E4 at the TPSSh-QM/MM level of theory. We critically analyze the DFT method dependency in calculations of FeMoco that has resulted in strikingly different proposals for this state. Importantly, dinitrogen binds exothermically to either Fe2 or Fe6 in our models, contrary to others, an effect rationalized via the unique ligand field (from the hydrides) at the Fe with an empty coordination site. A low-spin Fe site is proposed as being important to N2 binding. Furthermore, the geometries of these states suggest a feasible reductive elimination step that could follow, as experiments indicate. Via this step, two electrons are released, reducing the cofactor to yield a distorted 4-coordinate Fe2 or Fe6 that partially activates N2. We speculate that stabilization of an N2-bound Fe(i) at Fe6 (not found for Fe2 model) via reductive elimination is a crucial part of N2 activation in nitrogenases, possibly aided by the apical heterometal ion (Mo or V). By using protons from the sulfhydryl group (to regenerate the sulfide bridge between Fe2 and Fe6) and the nearby homocitrate hydroxy group, we calculate a plausible route to yield a diazene intermediate. This is found to be more favorable with the Fe6-bound model than the Fe2-bound model; however, this protonation is uphill in energy, suggesting protonation of N2 might occur later in the catalytic cycle or via another mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Th Thorhallsson
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , Dunhagi 3 , 107 Reykjavik , Iceland
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
| | - Bardi Benediktsson
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , Dunhagi 3 , 107 Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science Institute , University of Iceland , Dunhagi 3 , 107 Reykjavik , Iceland
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy , Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany .
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15
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Progress in Synthesizing Analogues of Nitrogenase Metalloclusters for Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) has played an essential role in meeting the increasing demand for food and the worldwide need for nitrogen (N2) fertilizer since 1913. Unfortunately, the traditional Haber–Bosch process for producing NH3 from N2 is a high energy-consumption process with approximately 1.9 metric tons of fossil CO2 being released per metric ton of NH3 produced. As a very challenging target, any ideal NH3 production process reducing fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution would be welcomed. Catalytic NH3 synthesis is an attractive and promising alternative approach. Therefore, developing efficient catalysts for synthesizing NH3 from N2 under ambient conditions would create a significant opportunity to directly provide nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural fields as needed in a distributed manner. In this paper, the literature on alternative, available, and sustainable NH3 production processes in terms of the scientific aspects of the spatial structures of nitrogenase metalloclusters, the mechanism of reducing N2 to NH3 catalyzed by nitrogenase, the synthetic analogues of nitrogenase metalloclusters, and the opportunities for continued research are reviewed.
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16
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Zanello P. Structure and electrochemistry of proteins harboring iron-sulfur clusters of different nuclearities. Part V. Nitrogenases. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Van Stappen C, Davydov R, Yang ZY, Fan R, Guo Y, Bill E, Seefeldt LC, Hoffman BM, DeBeer S. Spectroscopic Description of the E 1 State of Mo Nitrogenase Based on Mo and Fe X-ray Absorption and Mössbauer Studies. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12365-12376. [PMID: 31441651 PMCID: PMC6751781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mo nitrogenase (N2ase) utilizes a two-component protein system, the catalytic MoFe and its electron-transfer partner FeP, to reduce atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). The FeMo cofactor contained in the MoFe protein serves as the catalytic center for this reaction and has long inspired model chemistry oriented toward activating N2. This field of chemistry has relied heavily on the detailed characterization of how Mo N2ase accomplishes this feat. Understanding the reaction mechanism of Mo N2ase itself has presented one of the most challenging problems in bioinorganic chemistry because of the ephemeral nature of its catalytic intermediates, which are difficult, if not impossible, to singly isolate. This is further exacerbated by the near necessity of FeP to reduce native MoFe, rendering most traditional means of selective reduction inept. We have now investigated the first fundamental intermediate of the MoFe catalytic cycle, E1, as prepared both by low-flux turnover and radiolytic cryoreduction, using a combination of Mo Kα high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection and Fe K-edge partial-fluorescence-yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The results demonstrate that the formation of this state is the result of an Fe-centered reduction and that Mo remains redox-innocent. Furthermore, using Fe X-ray absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies, we correlate a previously reported unique species formed under cryoreducing conditions to the natively formed E1 state through annealing, demonstrating the viability of cryoreduction in studying the catalytic intermediates of MoFe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Roman Davydov
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Ruixi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lance C. Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Brian M. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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18
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Henthorn J, Arias RJ, Koroidov S, Kroll T, Sokaras D, Bergmann U, Rees DC, DeBeer S. Localized Electronic Structure of Nitrogenase FeMoco Revealed by Selenium K-Edge High Resolution X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13676-13688. [PMID: 31356071 PMCID: PMC6716209 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The size and complexity of Mo-dependent nitrogenase, a multicomponent enzyme capable of reducing dinitrogen to ammonia, have made a detailed understanding of the FeMo cofactor (FeMoco) active site electronic structure an ongoing challenge. Selective substitution of sulfur by selenium in FeMoco affords a unique probe wherein local Fe-Se interactions can be directly interrogated via high-energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopic (HERFD XAS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies. These studies reveal a significant asymmetry in the electronic distribution of the FeMoco, suggesting a more localized electronic structure picture than is typically assumed for iron-sulfur clusters. Supported by experimental small molecule model data in combination with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, the HERFD XAS data is consistent with an assignment of Fe2/Fe6 as an antiferromagnetically coupled diferric pair. HERFD XAS and EXAFS have also been applied to Se-substituted CO-inhibited MoFe protein, demonstrating the ability of these methods to reveal electronic and structural changes that occur upon substrate binding. These results emphasize the utility of Se HERFD XAS and EXAFS for selectively probing the local electronic and geometric structure of FeMoco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin
T. Henthorn
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Renee J. Arias
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Douglas C. Rees
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
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19
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Chen Y, Zhang G, Ji Q, Liu H, Qu J. Triggering of Low-Valence Molybdenum in Multiphasic MoS 2 for Effective Reactive Oxygen Species Output in Catalytic Fenton-like Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26781-26788. [PMID: 31274282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of photocatalytic reactions to trigger persistent large-scale reactions could be an alternative path for practical solar energy conversion to relieve environmental pressure nowadays. We took the view that the photoinduction of transition states was critical for improving the activity of catalytic reactions. On the basis of theoretical predictions, the reaction Gibbs free energy of permonosulfate (PMS) activation can be rapidly reduced by molybdenum with low valence. We therefore constructed a multiphasic molybdenum dichalcogenide (MoS2) heterostructure-based photosystem that enabled generation of Mo transition states by visible light excitation. According to combination results of electron paramagnetic resonance, photoelectrochemical analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we confirmed that the optimized 2H/1T heterojunction permitted the transport of excited interfacial electrons from the semiconductive 2H phase to the metallic 1T phase, and synchronously partially reduced Mo(IV) to Mo(III) at the interface. This intensified the charge transfer between the MoS2 and PMS-containing solution, thereby efficiently splitting the PMS molecules into •OH and SO4•- radicals. In this system, a type of refractory herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), can be degraded within 60 min at a rate constant of 6.20 × 10-2 min-1 using multiphasic MoS2 with a 1T/2H ratio of 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Qinghua Ji
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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20
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Kowalska JK, Henthorn JT, Van Stappen C, Trncik C, Einsle O, Keavney D, DeBeer S. X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Applied to Nitrogenase and Related Models: Experimental Evidence for a Spin-Coupled Molybdenum(III) Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9373-9377. [PMID: 31119827 PMCID: PMC6772009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogenase enzymes catalyze the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia utilizing a Mo‐7Fe‐9S‐C active site, the so‐called FeMoco cluster. FeMoco and an analogous small‐molecule (Et4N)[(Tp)MoFe3S4Cl3] cubane have both been proposed to contain unusual spin‐coupled MoIII sites with an S(Mo)=1/2 non‐Hund configuration at the Mo atom. Herein, we present Fe and Mo L3‐edge X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy of the (Et4N)[(Tp)MoFe3S4Cl3] cubane and Fe L2,3‐edge XMCD spectroscopy of the MoFe protein (containing both FeMoco and the 8Fe‐7S P‐cluster active sites). As the P‐clusters of MoFe protein have an S=0 total spin, these are effectively XMCD‐silent at low temperature and high magnetic field, allowing for FeMoco to be selectively probed by Fe L2,3‐edge XMCD within the intact MoFe protein. Further, Mo L3‐edge XMCD spectroscopy of the cubane model has provided experimental support for a local S(Mo)=1/2 configuration, demonstrating the power and selectivity of XMCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Kowalska
- Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Justin T Henthorn
- Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Trncik
- Institute for Biochemistry and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute for Biochemistry and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Keavney
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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21
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Kowalska JK, Henthorn JT, Van Stappen C, Trncik C, Einsle O, Keavney D, DeBeer S. X‐ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Applied to Nitrogenase and Related Models: Experimental Evidence for a Spin‐Coupled Molybdenum(III) Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K. Kowalska
- Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christian Trncik
- Institute for Biochemistry and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institute for Biochemistry and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - David Keavney
- Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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22
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Maganas D, Kowalska JK, Nooijen M, DeBeer S, Neese F. Comparison of multireference ab initio wavefunction methodologies for X-ray absorption edges: A case study on [Fe(II/III)Cl4]2–/1– molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:104106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5051613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joanna K. Kowalska
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marcel Nooijen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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23
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Ye C, Jiao Y, Jin H, Slattery AD, Davey K, Wang H, Qiao S. 2D MoN‐VN Heterostructure To Regulate Polysulfides for Highly Efficient Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16703-16707. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ashley D. Slattery
- Adelaide Microscopy The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Haihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shi‐Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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24
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Ye C, Jiao Y, Jin H, Slattery AD, Davey K, Wang H, Qiao S. 2D MoN‐VN Heterostructure To Regulate Polysulfides for Highly Efficient Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ashley D. Slattery
- Adelaide Microscopy The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Haihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shi‐Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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25
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X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metalloproteins. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2018; 1876:179-195. [PMID: 30317482 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8864-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been widely used as a powerful local structural tool for studying the metal binding sites in metalloproteins, owing to its element specificity, chemical sensitivity, and minimum requirement for sample preparation. The principle subject of this chapter is to provide a general introduction of this technique to molecular biologists and biochemists, with the intention to fill the knowledge gaps in interdisciplinary communication and collaboration. An update of the XAS-based technique applied recently to metalloproteins is also briefly introduced at the end of the chapter.
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26
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Müller P, Karhan K, Krack M, Gerstmann U, Schmidt WG, Bauer M, Kühne TD. Impact of finite-temperature and condensed-phase effects on theoretical X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal complexes. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:712-716. [PMID: 30306614 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of condensed-phase and finite-temperature effects on the theoretical X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal complexes is assessed. The former are included in terms of the all-electron Gaussian and augmented plane-wave approach, whereas the latter are taken into account by extensive ensemble averaging along second-generation Car-Parrinello ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories. We find that employing the periodic boundary conditions and including finite-temperature effects systematically improves the agreement between our simulated X-ray absorption spectra and experimental measurements. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Kristof Karhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Matthias Krack
- Laboratory for Scientific Computing and Modelling, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Gerstmann
- Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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27
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Chantzis A, Kowalska JK, Maganas D, DeBeer S, Neese F. Ab Initio Wave Function-Based Determination of Element Specific Shifts for the Efficient Calculation of X-ray Absorption Spectra of Main Group Elements and First Row Transition Metals. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3686-3702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agisilaos Chantzis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joanna K. Kowalska
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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28
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Abbehausen C, de Paiva REF, Bjornsson R, Gomes SQ, Du Z, Corbi PP, Lima FA, Farrell N. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Elucidates Differential Substitution Pathways of Au(I) and Au(III) with Zinc Fingers. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:218-230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3,
IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saulo Quintana Gomes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Pedro Paulo Corbi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico Alves Lima
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia
e Materiais, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory—LNLS, CP 6192, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
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29
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Benediktsson B, Bjornsson R. QM/MM Study of the Nitrogenase MoFe Protein Resting State: Broken-Symmetry States, Protonation States, and QM Region Convergence in the FeMoco Active Site. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13417-13429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bardi Benediktsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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30
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Fondell M, Eckert S, Jay RM, Weniger C, Quevedo W, Niskanen J, Kennedy B, Sorgenfrei F, Schick D, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Adamczyk K, Huse N, Wernet P, Mitzner R, Föhlisch A. Time-resolved soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in transmission mode on liquids at MHz repetition rates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054902. [PMID: 28852689 PMCID: PMC5555770 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup combining a liquid flatjet sample delivery and a MHz laser system for time-resolved soft X-ray absorption measurements of liquid samples at the high brilliance undulator beamline UE52-SGM at Bessy II yielding unprecedented statistics in this spectral range. We demonstrate that the efficient detection of transient absorption changes in transmission mode enables the identification of photoexcited species in dilute samples. With iron(II)-trisbipyridine in aqueous solution as a benchmark system, we present absorption measurements at various edges in the soft X-ray regime. In combination with the wavelength tunability of the laser system, the set-up opens up opportunities to study the photochemistry of many systems at low concentrations, relevant to materials sciences, chemistry, and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattis Fondell
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Raphael M Jay
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Weniger
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Sorgenfrei
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Adamczyk
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Huse
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Kowalska JK, Nayyar B, Rees JA, Schiewer CE, Lee SC, Kovacs JA, Meyer F, Weyhermüller T, Otero E, DeBeer S. Iron L 2,3-Edge X-ray Absorption and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies of Molecular Iron Complexes with Relevance to the FeMoco and FeVco Active Sites of Nitrogenase. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8147-8158. [PMID: 28653855 PMCID: PMC5516708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
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Herein, a systematic study of a series
of molecular iron model complexes has been carried out using Fe L2,3-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular
dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopies. This series spans iron complexes
of increasing complexity, starting from ferric and ferrous tetrachlorides
([FeCl4]−/2–), to ferric and ferrous
tetrathiolates ([Fe(SR)4]−/2–),
to diferric and mixed-valent iron–sulfur complexes [Fe2S2R4]2–/3–.
This test set of compounds is used to evaluate the sensitivity of
both Fe L2,3-edge XAS and XMCD spectroscopy to oxidation
state and ligation changes. It is demonstrated that the energy shift
and intensity of the L2,3-edge XAS spectra depends on both
the oxidation state and covalency of the system; however, the quantitative
information that can be extracted from these data is limited. On the
other hand, analysis of the Fe XMCD shows distinct changes in the
intensity at both L3 and L2 edges, depending
on the oxidation state of the system. It is also demonstrated that
the XMCD intensity is modulated by the covalency of the system. For
mononuclear systems, the experimental data are correlated with atomic
multiplet calculations in order to provide insights into the experimental
observations. Finally, XMCD is applied to the tetranuclear heterometal–iron–sulfur
clusters [MFe3S4]3+/2+ (M = Mo, V),
which serve as structural analogues of the FeMoco and FeVco active
sites of nitrogenase. It is demonstrated that the XMCD data can be
utilized to obtain information on the oxidation state distribution
in complex clusters that is not readily accessible for the Fe L2,3-edge XAS data alone. The advantages of XMCD relative to
standard K-edge and L2,3-edge XAS are highlighted. This
study provides an important foundation for future XMCD studies on
complex (bio)inorganic systems. A systematic Fe L2,3-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
(XMCD) study of iron tetrachlorides ([FeCl4]−/2−), iron tetrathiolates ([Fe(SR)4]−/2−), diferric and mixed-valent iron−sulfur dimers [Fe2S2R4]2−/3− and heterometal−iron−sulfur
tetramers [MFe3S4]3+/2+ (M = Mo,
V) is reported. The changes in XAS and XMCD energies and intensities
across this set of complexes are presented together with atomic multiplet
calculations. The advantages of XMCD as an electronic structure probe
of complex clusters are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Kowalska
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Brahamjot Nayyar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Julian A Rees
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christine E Schiewer
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Tammannstraβe 4, D-37007 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonny C Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Julie A Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Franc Meyer
- University of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Tammannstraβe 4, D-37007 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Edwige Otero
- SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraβe 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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32
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Bjornsson R, Neese F, DeBeer S. Revisiting the Mössbauer Isomer Shifts of the FeMoco Cluster of Nitrogenase and the Cofactor Charge. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1470-1477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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33
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Vollmers NJ, Müller P, Hoffmann A, Herres-Pawlis S, Rohrmüller M, Schmidt WG, Gerstmann U, Bauer M. Experimental and Theoretical High-Energy-Resolution X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Implications for the Investigation of the Entatic State. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11694-11706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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34
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Bjornsson R, Neese F, Schrock RR, Einsle O, DeBeer S. The discovery of Mo(III) in FeMoco: reuniting enzyme and model chemistry. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 20:447-60. [PMID: 25549604 PMCID: PMC4334110 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation is enabled by molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase enzymes, which effect the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using an Fe7MoS9C active site, referred to as the iron molybdenum cofactor or FeMoco. In this mini-review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular and electronic structure of FeMoco. The advances in our understanding of the active site structure are placed in context with the parallel evolution of synthetic model studies. The recent discovery of Mo(III) in the FeMoco active site is highlighted with an emphasis placed on the important role that model studies have played in this finding. In addition, the reactivities of synthetic models are discussed in terms of their relevance to the enzymatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnar Bjornsson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim and Der Ruhr, Germany,
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