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Zlotver I, Sosnik A. Glucosylated Hybrid TiO 2 /Polymer Nanomaterials for Actively Targeted Sonodynamic Therapy of Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305475. [PMID: 37715267 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon local ultrasound (US) irradiation of sono-responsive molecules or nanomaterials that accumulate in the tumor. In this work, the sonodynamic efficiency of sono-responsive hybrid nanomaterials composed of amorphous titanium dioxide and an amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymer is synthesized, fully characterized, and investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The modular and versatile synthetic pathway enables the control of the nanoparticle size between 30 and 300 nm (dynamic light scattering) and glucosylation of the surface for active targeting of tumors overexpressing glucose transporters. Studies on 2D and 3D rhabdomyosarcoma cell cultures reveal a statistically significant increase in the sonodynamic efficiency of glucosylated hybrid nanoparticles with respect to unmodified ones. Using a xenograft rhabdomyosarcoma murine model, it is demonstrated that by tuning the nanoparticle size and surface features, the tumor accumulation is increased by ten times compared to main off-target clearance organs such as the liver. Finally, the SDT of rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing mice is investigated with 50-nm glucosylated nanoparticles. Findings evidence a dramatic prolongation of the animal survival and tumor volumes 100 times smaller than those treated only with ultrasound or nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zlotver
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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Temre MK, Kumar A, Singh SM. An appraisal of the current status of inhibition of glucose transporters as an emerging antineoplastic approach: Promising potential of new pan-GLUT inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035510. [PMID: 36386187 PMCID: PMC9663470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells displayed altered metabolism with accelerated glycolysis. Therefore, these cells need a mammoth supply of glucose for which they display an upregulated expression of various glucose transporters (GLUT). Thus, novel antineoplastic strategies focus on inhibiting GLUT to intersect the glycolytic lifeline of cancer cells. This review focuses on the current status of various GLUT inhibition scenarios. The GLUT inhibitors belong to both natural and synthetic small inhibitory molecules category. As neoplastic cells express multiple GLUT isoforms, it is necessary to use pan-GLUT inhibitors. Nevertheless, it is also necessary that such pan-GLUT inhibitors exert their action at a low concentration so that normal healthy cells are left unharmed and minimal injury is caused to the other vital organs and systems of the body. Moreover, approaches are also emerging from combining GLUT inhibitors with other chemotherapeutic agents to potentiate the antineoplastic action. A new pan-GLUT inhibitor named glutor, a piperazine-one derivative, has shown a potent antineoplastic action owing to its inhibitory action exerted at nanomolar concentrations. The review discusses the merits and limitations of the existing GLUT inhibitory approach with possible future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithlesh Kumar Temre
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Deparment of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Zaritski A, Castillo-Ecija H, Kumarasamy M, Peled E, Sverdlov Arzi R, Carcaboso ÁM, Sosnik A. Selective Accumulation of Galactomannan Amphiphilic Nanomaterials in Pediatric Solid Tumor Xenografts Correlates with GLUT1 Gene Expression. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38483-38496. [PMID: 31537060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we designed, characterized, and investigated the performance of hydrolyzed galactomannan (hGM)-based amphiphilic nanoparticles for selective intratumoral accumulation in pediatric patient-derived sarcomas. To create a self-assembly amphiphilic copolymer, the side chain of hGM was hydrophobized with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by utilizing a graft free radical polymerization reaction. Different hGM and MMA weight feeding ratios were used to adjust the critical aggregation concentration and the size and size distribution of the nanoparticles. The ability to actively target glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was studied by fluorescence confocal microscopy and imaging flow cytometry in vitro on Rh30 (rhabdomyosarcoma) and patient-derived Ewing sarcoma (HSJD-ES-001) cell lines with different expression levels of GLUT-1. Results confirmed that the nanoparticles are internalized by ∼100% of the cells at 37 °C. Furthermore, we investigated the biodistribution of the nanoparticles in pediatric patient-derived models of two deadly musculoskeletal tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Outstandingly, the intratumoral accumulation of the nanoparticles correlated very well with the expression level of GLUT1 gene in each patient-derived tumor (P = 0.0141; Pearson's correlation test). Finally, we demonstrated the encapsulation capacity of these nanoparticles by loading 7.5% (w/w) of the hydrophobic first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. These findings point out the potential of this new type of nanoparticle to target GLUT-1-expressing tumors and selectively deliver anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaritski
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Helena Castillo-Ecija
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain & Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Hospital Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona 08950 , Spain
| | - Murali Kumarasamy
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Ella Peled
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Roni Sverdlov Arzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Ángel M Carcaboso
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain & Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology , Hospital Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona 08950 , Spain
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
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Bukchin A, Pascual-Pasto G, Cuadrado-Vilanova M, Castillo-Ecija H, Monterrubio C, Olaciregui NG, Vila-Ubach M, Ordeix L, Mora J, Carcaboso AM, Sosnik A. Glucosylated nanomicelles target glucose-avid pediatric patient-derived sarcomas. J Control Release 2018; 276:59-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lee YH, Lee JM, Kim SG, Lee YS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines as novel hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2843-51. [PMID: 27157007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor which is strongly associated with tumor survival, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Accordingly, it has been suggested that the inhibition of the HIF-1 pathway can suppress tumor, and it has become an important therapeutic target. In present study, oltipraz, its metabolite M2, and their derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as HIF-1α inhibitors. Among the synthesized, benzyl-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine 2g most potently inhibited HIF-1α protein accumulation (81% at 10μM) and VEGF, GLUT-1 transcription (77% and 92% at 10μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Fang J, Zhou SH, Fan J, Yan SX. Roles of glucose transporter-1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B pathway in cancer radioresistance (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1573-81. [PMID: 25376370 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer radioresistance remain unclear. Several studies have found that increased glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) expression is associated with radioresistance. Recently, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was reported to be involved in the control of GLUT‑1 trafficking and activity. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may itself be associated with cancer radioresistance. Thus, increasing attention has been devoted to the effects of modifying the expression of GLUT‑1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway on the increase in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. This review discusses the importance of the association between elevated expression of GLUT‑1 and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the development of radioresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Yan SX, Luo XM, Zhou SH, Bao YY, Fan J, Lu ZJ, Liao XB, Huang YP, Wu TT, Wang QY. Effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides glucose transporter-1 on enhancement of radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1375-86. [PMID: 23983599 PMCID: PMC3753417 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal carcinomas always resist to radiotherapy. Hypoxia is an important factor in radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) is considered to be a possible intrinsic marker of hypoxia in malignant tumors. We speculated that the inhibition of GLUT-1 expression might improve the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS We assessed the effect of GLUT-1 expression on radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma and the effect of GLUT-1 expressions by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) on the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS After transfection of GLUT-1 AS-ODNs: MTS assay showed the survival rates of radiation groups were reduced with the prolongation of culture time (p<0.05); Cell survival rates were significantly reduced along with the increasing of radiation dose (p<0.05). There was significant difference in the expression of GLUT-1mRNA and protein in the same X-ray dose between before and after X-ray radiation (p<0.05). In vivo, the expressions of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein after 8Gy radiation plus transfection of GLUT-1 AS-ODNs were significant decreased compared to 8Gy radiation alone (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma may be associated with increased expression of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein. GLUT-1 AS-ODNs may enhance the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma mainly by inhibiting the expression of GLUT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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PET/CT allows stratification of responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade sarcoma: a prospective study. Clin Nucl Med 2011; 36:526-32. [PMID: 21637052 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0b013e3182175856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to determine whether metabolic reduction is capable of reflecting the histopathologic response and outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-grade sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-two patients with histologically proven high-grade sarcoma underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. Quantitative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography scans were acquired before and after the first cycle and after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic reduction rates were compared with histopathologic response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS Baseline SUVmax was 10.9 ± 3.6 (range, 3.8-19.6). Therapeutic effect resulted in 10 patients (24%) with a satisfactory response and in 32 patients (76%) with an unsatisfactory response after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The SUV decreased to 7.8 ± 3.4 after the first cycle (t1) of chemotherapy and to 5.2 ± 3.4 after completion (t2) of chemotherapy. Histopathologic response and percentage SUV (t2) reduction rate were independent predictors of progression-free survival and overall survival in the multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION Metabolic reduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy evaluated by F-18 FDG PET or computed tomography can be used for stratification of the histopathologic response in patients with high-grade sarcoma.
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Lee JM, Lee WH, Kay HY, Kim ES, Moon A, Kim SG. Hemin, an iron-binding porphyrin, inhibits HIF-1α induction through its binding with heat shock protein 90. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:716-27. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Oltipraz and dithiolethione congeners inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activity through p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 inhibition and H2O2-scavenging effect. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2791-802. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Daigeler A, Klein-Hitpass L, Stricker I, Müller O, Kuhnen C, Chromik AM, Steinstraesser L, Goertz O, Steinau HU, Lehnhardt M. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma--pleomorphic sarcoma, NOS gene expression, histology, and clinical course. A pilot study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2009; 395:261-75. [PMID: 19159951 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-009-0465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The new classification of malignant fibrous histiocytoma leaves only a small group of tumors without further line of differentiation, so-called pleomorphic sarcomas, not otherwise specified (NOS) as a pseudo-entity. This study focused on these tumors and analyzed the association of gene expression profiles to clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten fresh samples of pleomorphic NOS sarcomas were evaluated histopathologically and by means of microarray analysis. Analysis of expression profiles was performed by clustering methods as well as by statistical analysis of primary vs recurrent tumors, irradiated vs nonirradiated tumors, tumors of patients above and below 60 years of age, male and female, and of tumors that developed metastatic or recurrent disease during the clinical course and those that did not. RESULTS Tumor clustering did not correlate to any histopathological or clinical finding. Detailed gene expression analysis showed a variety of genes whose upregulation (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha polypeptide, solute carrier family 39 member 14, solute carrier family 2 member 3, pleiotrophin, trophinin, pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 3, enolase 2, biglycan, SH3 and cysteine-rich domain, matrix metalloproteinases 16) and whose downregulation (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4, hairy/enhancer of split related with YRPW motif 2, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type Z polypeptide 1, SH3 domain GRB2-like 2, microtubule-associated protein 7, potassium voltage-gated channel shaker-related subfamily member 1, RUN and FYVE domain containing 3, Sin3A-associated protein 18 kDa, proline-rich 4, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ID, myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia translocated to 3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5, nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X-type motif 9, NudC domain containing 3, imprinted in Prader-Willi syndrome, TAF6-like RNA polymerase II p300/CBP-associated factor 65 kDa, WD repeat and SOCS box-containing 2, adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 3, KRR1, proliferation-associated 2G4; CD36, complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1, solute carrier family 4 sodium bicarbonate cotransporter member 4, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), GATA binding protein 3, LPL, glutathione peroxidase 3, D: -aspartate oxidase, apolipoprotein E, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3A) were associated with poor clinical outcome in terms of development of metastatic or recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS The classification of these tumors may undergo further changes in the future. Gene expression profiling can provide additional information to categorize pleomorphic sarcoma (NOS) and reveal potential prognostic factors in this "entity."
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Burn Center, Hand surgery, Sarcoma Reference Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
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Li J, Wang XM, Wang Q, Yang M, Feng XC, Shen ZH. Down-regulation of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V induces ER stress by changing glycosylation and function of GLUT1. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 463:102-9. [PMID: 17451637 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) is a key enzyme in the processing of N-glycans during synthesis of glycoproteins. We have reported that down-regulating GnT-V could induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in 7721 cells, a human hepatocarcinoma cell line. In a search for mechanisms of ER stress, we found that there was a prominent decline of glucose uptake in antisense GnT-V transfectant, furthermore, a decrease of tri- or tetra-antannary sugar chain of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). However, distribution of GLUT1 in antisense GnT-V transfectant was not affected. Glucose deprivation has been known to activate ER stress in tumor cells. Therefore, the data presented in this study indicate that the glycosylation change and decrease of transport activity of GLUT1 may be one possible mechanism of ER stress induced by down-regulating GnT-V, and GnT-V may contribute to the regulation of glucose uptake by modifying glycosylation of GLUT1 in some tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dong an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Tateishi U, Yamaguchi U, Seki K, Terauchi T, Arai Y, Hasegawa T. Glut-1 expression and enhanced glucose metabolism are associated with tumour grade in bone and soft tissue sarcomas: a prospective evaluation by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33:683-91. [PMID: 16506050 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-005-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate whether( 18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, quantified by positron emission tomography (PET), correlates with histological variables including tumour grade, cell proliferation, cell cycle control integrity and glucose metabolism in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. METHODS Eighty-two patients clinically suspected of having a bone or soft tissue sarcoma underwent FDG PET within 1 week prior to operation and 63 patients (mean age 48 years, range 18-74 years) were enrolled in the complete analysis. We excluded 17 patients with pathologically confirmed benign tumours and two patients with uncontrolled diabetes or concomitant malignancy from data analysis. Maximum and average standardised uptake values (SUVs) of the primary lesion were compared with histological variables including tumour differentiation, the presence of necrosis, MIB-1 score, mitotic score, p53 overexpression, MIB-1 grade, mitotic grade and GLUT-1 expression. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between maximal and mean SUVs and MIB-1 grade, mitotic grade, MIB-1 score, tumour differentiation and mitotic score. The mean and maximal SUVs were significantly higher in tumours with p53 overexpression than in those without p53 overexpression (p<0.0001). GLUT-1-positive tumours had significantly higher mean (6.5+/-4.2 vs 1.1+/-0.2, p=0.006) and maximal SUVs (8.8+/-5.4 vs 1.7+/-0.5, p=0.005) than the GLUT-1-negative tumours. GLUT-1 intensity correlated positively with both mean (r=0.500, p<0.0001) and maximal SUVs (r=0.509, p<0.0001). Mu ltiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between maximal SUV and MIB-1 grade (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION The enhanced glucose metabolism, as determined by SUV, is a strong index of tumour grade in bone and soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukihide Tateishi
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan.
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Godoy A, Ulloa V, Rodríguez F, Reinicke K, Yañez AJ, García MDLA, Medina RA, Carrasco M, Barberis S, Castro T, Martínez F, Koch X, Vera JC, Poblete MT, Figueroa CD, Peruzzo B, Pérez F, Nualart F. Differential subcellular distribution of glucose transporters GLUT1–6 and GLUT9 in human cancer: Ultrastructural localization of GLUT1 and GLUT5 in breast tumor tissues. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207:614-27. [PMID: 16523487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that the enhanced metabolic activity of tumor cells is accompanied by an increased expression of facilitative hexose transporters (GLUTs). However, a previous immunohistochemical analysis of GLUT1 expression in 154 malignant human neoplasms failed to detect the GLUT1 isoform in 87 tumors. We used 146 normal human tissues and 215 tumor samples to reassess GLUT1 expression. A similar number of samples were used to compare the expression of GLUT2-6 and 9. The classical expression of GLUT1-5 in different normal human tissues was confirmed, however, we were unable to detect GLUT2 in human pancreatic islet cells. GLUT6 was principally detected in testis germinal cells and GLUT9 was localized in kidney, liver, heart, and adrenal. In tumor samples, GLUT1, 2, and 5 were the main transporters detected. GLUT1 was the most widely expressed transporter, however, 42% of the samples had very low-to-negative expression levels. GLUT2 was detected in 31% of the samples, being mainly expressed in breast, colon, and liver carcinoma. GLUT5 was detected in 27% of breast and colon adenocarcinoma, liver carcinoma, lymphomas, and testis seminoma samples. In situ RT-PCR and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry confirmed GLUT5 expression in breast cancer. GLUT6 and 9 are not clearly over-expressed in human cancer. The extensive expression of GLUT2 and 5 (glucose/fructose and fructose transporters, respectively) in malignant human tissues indicates that fructose may be a good energy substrate in tumor cells. Our functional data obtained in vitro in different tumor cells support this hypothesis. Additionally, these results suggest that fructose uptake could be used for positron emission tomography imaging and, may possibly represent a novel target for the development of therapeutic agents in different human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Godoy
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160C, Concepción, Chile
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Rothermund CA, Gopalakrishnan VK, Eudy JD, Vishwanatha JK. Casodex treatment induces hypoxia-related gene expression in the LNCaP prostate cancer progression model. BMC Urol 2005; 5:5. [PMID: 15790403 PMCID: PMC1079894 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-5-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The changes in gene expression profile as prostate cancer progresses from an androgen-dependent disease to an androgen-independent disease are still largely unknown. Methods We examined the gene expression profile in the LNCaP prostate cancer progression model during chronic treatment with Casodex using cDNA microarrays consisting of 2305 randomly chosen genes. Results Our studies revealed a representative collection of genes whose expression was differentially regulated in LNCaP cells upon treatment with Casodex. A set of 15 genes were shown to be highly expressed in Casodex-treated LNCaP cells compared to the reference sample. This set of highly expressed genes represents a signature collection unique to prostate cancer since their expression was significantly greater than that of the collective pool of ten cancer cell lines of the reference sample. The highly expressed signature collection included the hypoxia-related genes membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), cyclin G2, and Bcl2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa (BNIP3). Given the roles of these genes in angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, we further analyzed their expression and concluded that these genes may be involved in the molecular changes that lead to androgen-independence in prostate cancer. Conclusion Our data indicate that one of the mechanisms of Casodex action in prostate cancer cells is induction of hypoxic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy A Rothermund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Neurotoxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Velliyur K Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Karpagam Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, India
| | - James D Eudy
- Munroe Meyer Center for Human Genetics, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Univ. of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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