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Kubo T, Sone M, Sugawara S, Kusumoto M, Arakawa A, Ogawa C, Suzuki S, Arai Y, Abe O. Technical Feasibility and Safety of Central Venous Ports for Intravenous Chemotherapy in Infants With Retinoblastoma: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52231. [PMID: 38352095 PMCID: PMC10861846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The central venous port (CVP) is widely used for intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) in adult patients because of its lower infection rates and easier management than that of a central venous catheter. However, the feasibility and safety of the CVP for IVC in infants remain unknown. This study evaluated the usefulness of CVP for IVC in infants with retinoblastoma. METHODS The usefulness of CVP was retrospectively evaluated using technical success rates, the safety of CVP placement, and postoperative procedure-related complications in 18 infants with retinoblastoma. This study was conducted at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RESULTS The technical success rate was 100% (18/18) without any procedure-related complications. The sum duration of CVP implantation was 12,836 days (mean: 713 ± 453 days, range: 10-1,639 days). Postoperative complications were observed in two cases; one was a port reversal after 20 days, which was reversed by incisional surgery, and another was a catheter-related bloodstream infection after eight days, resulting in CVP removal. The total incidence of CVP-related infections was 5.6% (1/18) and 0.08/1000 catheter days. No other CVP-related complications were noted. CONCLUSION The use of the CVP for IVC in infants with retinoblastoma was feasible with few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | | | | | - Ayumu Arakawa
- Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Shigenobu Suzuki
- Ophthalmic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Osamu Abe
- Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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Tsutsumi-Arai C, Arai Y, Tran A, Salinas M, Nakai Y, Orikasa S, Ono W, Ono N. A PTHrP Gradient Drives Mandibular Condylar Chondrogenesis via Runx2. J Dent Res 2024; 103:91-100. [PMID: 38058151 PMCID: PMC10734211 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231208175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is an essential component of the temporomandibular joint, which orchestrates the vertical growth of the mandibular ramus through endochondral ossification with distinctive modes of cell differentiation. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a master regulator of chondrogenesis; in the long bone epiphyseal growth plate, PTHrP expressed by resting zone chondrocytes promotes chondrocyte proliferation in the adjacent layer. However, how PTHrP regulates chondrogenesis in the MCC remains largely unclear. In this study, we used a Pthrp-mCherry knock-in reporter strain to map the localization of PTHrP+ cells in the MCC and define the function of PTHrP in the growing mandibular condyle. In the postnatal MCC of PthrpmCherry/+ mice, PTHrP-mCherry was specifically expressed by cells in the superficial layer immediately adjacent to RUNX2-expressing cells in the polymorphic layer. PTHrP ligands diffused across the polymorphic and chondrocyte layers where its cognate receptor PTH1R was abundantly expressed. We further analyzed the mandibular condyle of PthrpmCherry/mCherry mice lacking functional PTHrP protein (PTHrP-KO). At embryonic day (E) 18.5, the condylar process and MCC were significantly truncated in the PTHrP-KO mandible, which was associated with a significant reduction in cell proliferation across the polymorphic layer and a loss of SOX9+ cells in the chondrocyte layers. The PTHrP-KO MCC showed a transient increase in the number of Col10a1+ hypertrophic chondrocytes at E15.5, followed by a significant loss of these cells at E18.5, indicating that superficial layer-derived PTHrP prevents premature chondrocyte exhaustion in the MCC. The expression of Runx2, but not Sp7, was significantly reduced in the polymorphic layer of the PTHrP-KO MCC. Therefore, PTHrP released from cells in the superficial layer directly acts on cells in the polymorphic layer to promote proliferation of chondrocyte precursor cells and prevent their premature differentiation by maintaining Runx2 expression, revealing a unique PTHrP gradient-directed mechanism that regulates MCC chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Tsutsumi-Arai
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y. Arai
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A. Tran
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M. Salinas
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y. Nakai
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S. Orikasa
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W. Ono
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N. Ono
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Takizawa T, Kito S, Ogawa H, Nemoto H, Taguchi K, Suda Y, Yasui K, Arai Y, Watanabe S, Najima Y, Doki N, Murofushi K. Dosimetric Evaluation of Targets and Organs at Risk in Dose Escalation Study for Total Marrow and Lymphoid Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e724. [PMID: 37786110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) delivers radiation dose to the bone marrow and lymph nodal region while reducing the dose to non-target organs. We conducted a dose-escalation study of TMLI to improve treatment outcomes while reducing OAR doses using intensity-modulated radiation therapy. However, this dose escalation strategy may cause increasing risk of recurrence and adverse events because of dose uniformity compromises of the target. We hypothesized that the homogeneity index (HI) could become worse with increased target's dose while maintaining reduced OAR doses for the nine patients enrolled in the TMLI phase Ⅰ clinical trial. MATERIALS/METHODS Nine patients treated with TMLI using a treatment delivery system from September 2019 to August 2021 were included. The prescribed doses were 14 Gy/6 fr, 16 Gy/6 fr, and 18 Gy/6 fr twice daily for 3 days, with three patients allocated each prescription. Bone marrow, lymph nodal region, spleen, testis, brain, and liver were designated as targets. The bone marrow was divided into eight parts (see Table); an individual PTV margin was added to each structure. We intended to deliver the D80% prescription dose for PTV. For the brain and liver, the prescribed dose was 12 Gy in consideration of function preservation. Lenses, oral cavity, parotid glands, lungs, heart, esophagus, stomach, kidneys, intestines, and breasts were defined as OAR. Targets were evaluated with HI that was calculated using the formula HI = (D2%-D98%)/D50%, based on ICRU report 83. For OARs, Dmax, D2%, D10%, and mean dose constraint were evaluated. RESULTS The table lists HI for the PTV_ALL and each target. The HI of PTV_ALL rose with increasing prescription dose and was highest at 18 Gy. The highest HI was 0.632 for PTV_Rib at 18 Gy, and the lowest HI was 0.045 for PTV_testis at 14 Gy. OAR Dose constraints were achieved in all patients. The average OAR doses in all cases for lenses, oral cavity, parotid glands, lungs, heart, esophagus, intestines, kidneys, and breast were 4.7±0.80, 4.4±0.51, 6.7±0.48, 7.6±0.22, 7.8±0.19, 6.7±0.18, 7.4±1.12, 6.9±0.96, and 14.7 Gy, respectively. The Dmax of the lenes, D2% of the esophagus, and D10% of the stomach were 7.2 ± 1.09, 11.5 ± 0.47, and 10.9 ± 0.98 Gy, respectively. CONCLUSION In the TMLI phase I clinical trial, we evaluated the dose uniformity to the targets and the OAR dose constraints. Although the HI for PTV_ALL worsened with increasing prescription dose, compliance with OAR dose constraints was achieved in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takizawa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Miyagi, Japan
| | - H Nemoto
- University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - K Taguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Suda
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yasui
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Arai
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Najima
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Doki
- Hematology Division, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Murofushi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Funasaka C, Hanai A, Zenda S, Mori K, Fukui M, Hirano N, Shinohara R, Fuse N, Wakabayashi M, Itagaki M, Tomioka Y, Nishina M, Arai Y, Kogawa T, Ozaki Y, Nishimura M, Kobayashi T, Hara F, Takano T, Mukohara T. Mitigation of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients using limb-cooling apparatus: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1216813. [PMID: 37483483 PMCID: PMC10361568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1216813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most common adverse events that can significantly impair the quality of life of patients. Although limb cooling may be beneficial for preventing CIPN, logistical challenges exist in ensuring consistent efficacy and safety. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to validate whether limb cooling with strict temperature control can reduce CIPN in patients with breast cancer receiving weekly paclitaxel as a perioperative treatment. Methods This study is a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. We plan to enroll patients with breast cancer who are scheduled to receive 12 weekly doses of paclitaxel (60 min 80 mg/m2 intravenous infusion) as perioperative chemotherapy. Patients will be randomly divided into the intervention or control groups and undergo limb cooling therapy maintained at a constant temperature of 13°C and 25°C, respectively. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients who report Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ) ≥ D in their limbs by the end of the study treatment or at the time of discontinuation. Discussion The results of this trial will contribute to the establishment of new evidence for limb cooling therapy in the mitigation of CIPN and present a safe and stable cooling device that may be suitable for use in the clinic. Clinical trial registration https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2032210115, identifier jRCT2032210115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Funasaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanai
- Medical Data Mathematical Reasoning Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sadamoto Zenda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- Supportive and Palliative Care Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keita Mori
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukui
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nami Hirano
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Rie Shinohara
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nozomu Fuse
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masashi Wakabayashi
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Mai Itagaki
- Section of Research Administration, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomioka
- Division of Medical Device Innovation, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Michihiko Nishina
- Planning and Product Development Division, Nippon Sigmax Co, Ltd., Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kogawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Development, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Ozaki
- Department of Advanced Medical Development, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Meiko Nishimura
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumikata Hara
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimi Takano
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Mukohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Ozawa M, Sone M, Sugawara S, Itou C, Kimura S, Arai Y, Kusumoto M. Artificial Pneumothorax Using the Liver-Directed Approach and Seldinger's Technique: Technical Feasibility and Safety. Cureus 2023; 15:e41423. [PMID: 37546129 PMCID: PMC10403336 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of artificial pneumothorax induction for percutaneous procedures using the liver-directed approach and Seldinger's technique. Materials and methods The data of 25 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous procedures after inducing artificial pneumothorax were reviewed retrospectively. The liver surface was punctured with an 18-gauge indwelling needle via the intercostal space in the inferior thoracic cavity under ultrasound guidance, avoiding the lung parenchyma and leaving the catheter in place. After a deep inhalation pulled the catheter tip into the pleural cavity, a hydrophilic guidewire was inserted through the catheter. Finally, a small-diameter catheter was inserted into the pleural cavity over the guidewire to induce artificial pneumothorax. Procedure time (the time from local anesthesia to completion of the procedure), technical success (successful induction of artificial pneumothorax), clinical success (successful completion of the percutaneous procedure), and complications (categorized according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) were evaluated in this study. Results The artificial pneumothorax induction was successful in all cases. Clinical success was achieved in 23 of 25 procedures (92%). No severe complications were observed. Conclusion The liver-directed approach and Seldinger's technique for inducing artificial pneumothorax was safe and feasible for avoiding lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ozawa
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | | | - Chihiro Itou
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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Ozawa M, Sone M, Sugawara S, Itou C, Kimura S, Arai Y, Kusumoto M. Necessity of Prophylactic Anticoagulation Therapy Following Inferior Vena Cava Stent Placement in Patients with Cancer. Interv Radiol (Higashimatsuyama) 2023; 8:70-74. [PMID: 37485490 PMCID: PMC10359174 DOI: 10.22575/interventionalradiology.2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Although percutaneous stent placement for malignant inferior vena cava syndrome is a highly feasible and effective treatment option, there is no clear evidence for the necessity of prophylactic anticoagulation therapy after inferior vena cava stent placement. This study retrospectively evaluated the necessity of prophylactic anticoagulation following inferior vena cava stent placement in patients with malignant inferior vena cava syndrome. Methods The data of 54 patients (28 men and 26 women; median age 61.2 years) with malignant inferior vena cava syndrome who received inferior vena cava stent placement between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Prophylactic anticoagulation was administered to 15 of 54 patients (27.8%) following stent placement. Symptom recurrence rates at 1 and 2 months after stent placement were compared between patients with and without prophylactic anticoagulation using Gray relational analysis. The timeline of symptom recurrence, survival time, and adverse events were also evaluated. Results At 1 and 2 months, symptom recurrence rates were 48.6% and 71.4%, respectively, in patients with prophylactic anticoagulation and 28.3% and 37.0%, respectively, in patients without prophylactic anticoagulation. The overall median follow-up duration was 27 days and that of the patients with and without prophylactic anticoagulation was 37 and 25 days, respectively. The median survival times of patients with and without anticoagulation therapy were 69 and 30 days, respectively (p = 0.236). No procedure-related complications occurred. Conclusions There was no significant difference in the symptom recurrence rates after inferior vena cava stent placement with or without prophylactic anticoagulation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ozawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
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Sugawara S, Sone M, Sakamoto N, Sofue K, Hashimoto K, Arai Y, Tokue H, Takigawa M, Mimura H, Yamanishi T, Yamagami T. Guidelines for Central Venous Port Placement and Management (Abridged Translation of the Japanese Version). Interv Radiol (Higashimatsuyama) 2023; 8:105-117. [PMID: 37485481 PMCID: PMC10359169 DOI: 10.22575/interventionalradiology.2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The central venous port has been widely used for patients who require long-term intravenous treatments, and the number of palcement has been increasing. The Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology developed a guideline for central venous port placement and management to provide evidence-based recommendations to support healthcare providers in the decision-making process regarding the central venous port. The guideline consisted of two parts: (i) a comprehensive review of topics including preoperative preparation, techniques for placement or removal, complications, and maintenance methods and (ii) recommendations for the six clinical questions regarding blood vessels for central venous port placement, port implantation site, prophylactic antibiotic therapy, imaging guidance for puncture, disinfectant prior to accessing the central venous port, and the optimal procedure at the end of drug administration via the central venous port, generated on the basis of the rating quality of evidence by systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Hidefumi Mimura
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yamanishi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kochi University, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamagami
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kochi University, Japan
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Itou C, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Kimura S, Onishi Y. Percutaneous Image-Guided Transesophageal Long Intestinal Tube Placement for Palliative Decompression in Advanced Cancer Patients with Unresectable Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00270-023-03457-3. [PMID: 37188898 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the safety and efficacy of long intestinal tube placement following percutaneous image-guided esophagostomy for palliative decompression of incurable malignant small bowel obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2013 and June 2022, a single-institution retrospective study was conducted to examine patients undergoing percutaneous transesophageal intestinal intubation for an occluded intestinal segment. Patients' baseline characteristics, procedural details, and clinical courses were reviewed. Severe complications were defined as those with ≥ 4 grade according to the CIRSE classification. RESULTS This study included 73 patients (mean age, 57.7 years) who underwent 75 procedures. All bowel obstructions were caused by peritoneal carcinomatosis or similar disease, which precluded transgastric access in almost 50% of the patients due to massive cancerous ascites (n = 28), diffuse gastric involvement (n = 5), or omental dissemination in front of the stomach (n = 3). Technical success (appropriate tube positioning) was achieved in 98.7% (74/75) of procedures. The cumulative 1-month overall survival and sustained clinical success (adequate bowel decompression) rates were estimated at 86.8% and 88%, respectively, using Kaplan-Meier analysis. At the median survival of 70 days, the disease progression required other gastrointestinal interventions, including additional tube insertion, repositioning, or venting enterostomy in 16 patients (21.9%). The severe complication rate was 4% (3/75); one patient aspirated to death due to tube clogging and two encountered fatal perforation of isolated intestinal loops developing far beyond the tip of the indwelling tube. CONCLUSION Percutaneous image-guided transesophageal intestinal intubation achieves feasible bowel decompression as palliative care in advanced cancer patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4, Case Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Onishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Koretsune Y, Sone M, Arai Y, Sugawara S, Kusumoto M, Higashihara H, Tomiyama N. Direct Puncture of the Left Gastric Vein for Glue Embolization of Gastric Varices Associated with Sinistral Portal Hypertension. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:512-513. [PMID: 36841574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Koretsune
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashihara
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Kashiwagi E, Hatano T, Shimiz K, Takamoto A, Tomita K, Osawa T, Sakuhara Y, Hongo F, Hirota T, Ushijima Y, Asayama Y, Miki J, Kiyomi F, Egawa S, Nasu Y, Shinohara N, Ukimura O, Nakano S, Arai Y, Eto M. Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of cryoablation in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma related to tuberous sclerosis complex: The Cryo-TSC. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
669 Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Approximately 60%–80% of patients with TSC have bilateral angiomyolipoma (AML). Cryotherapy is one treatment option for renal tumors, but the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC–AML is not clear. We planned this study to establish the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC–AML. Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC–AML of 4 cm or less in diameter in patients at least 16 years old. The exclusion criteria were an inability to withdraw from mTOR inhibitor and failure to maintain rest during cryotherapy. mTOR inhibitors were withdrawn at least 7 days prior to cryotherapy and discontinued during the study period. Cryotherapy was performed using Cryohit (Galil Medical LTD, USA). Safety was assessed at 1, 2, 6, and 9 months after cryotherapy, and efficacy was assessed at 3 and 9 months after cryotherapy. The efficacy of cryotherapy was evaluated according to the modified RECIST or RECIST criteria. The primary endpoint was the disease control rate, and secondary endpoints included the overall response rate, safety, renal function, quality of life, and need for additional treatment. Results: The disease control and overall response rates were 100% and 93.3%, respectively. After 9 months of follow-up, the median creatine level was slightly increased by 0.06 mg/dL. Quality of life was stable, and no additional treatment was needed. Three Grade 3 adverse events (hematuria, chronic kidney disease, and aspartate aminotransferase elevation) were observed in three patients. Conclusions: Cryoablation is a safe and effective treatment option for TSC–AML. Clinical trial information: jRCTs072200039 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kanichiro Shimiz
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Koji Tomita
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osawa
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hirota
- Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ushijima
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Asayama
- Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Jun Miki
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal And Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakano
- Health Promotion Center, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Hasegawa T, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Itou C, Wada S, Umakoshi N, Kubo T, Kimura S, Kusumoto M. Clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous drainage of pericardial effusion in cancer patients: A single-center retrospective analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:257-262. [PMID: 35831984 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Catheter removal, survival, and recurrence rates after percutaneous pericardial effusion drainage in cancer patients are not fully understood. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous pericardial effusion drainage in cancer patients. METHODS From January 2014 to September 2017, 113 percutaneous drainages for symptomatic pericardial effusion were performed in 100 cancer patients (median 60 years; range, 7-84 years) using ultrasound or angio-computed tomography. An 8-Fr drainage catheter was placed using the Seldinger technique via the subxiphoid (n = 73), apical (n = 23), or left parasternal (n = 17) routes. Success rates, complications, and postprocedural clinical outcomes of drainages were retrospectively assessed. RESULTS The technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 99%, respectively, without major complications. The median duration of catheterization and evacuated pericardial effusion volume were 6 days (range, 1-72 days) and 970 ml (range, 140-7635 ml), respectively. Catheters were removed after the first drainage in 86 cases (86%). Symptomatic pericardial effusion recurred in nine patients after catheter removal, in whom redrainages were performed 13 times with a median duration to redrainage time of 48 days (range, 13-529 days). During the follow-up period (median 106 days [range, 1-1396 days]), 61 patients died. The median survival was 140 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 95-276 days), and the median catheter-free survival was 111 days (95% CI, 60-152 days). CONCLUSIONS Image-guided percutaneous pericardial effusion drainage for cancer patients is safe and helps alleviate symptoms. Additionally, catheter removal is possible in most patients, allowing a catheter-free period for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hasegawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Wada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Umakoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kubo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Kawasaki Y, Hijioka S, Nagashio Y, Ohba A, Maruki Y, Maehara K, Yoshinari M, Hisada Y, Harai S, Kitamura H, Murashima Y, Koga T, Kawahara S, Kondo S, Morizane C, Ueno H, Ushio J, Tamada K, Sugawara S, Sone M, Takamoto T, Nara S, Ban D, Esaki M, Arai Y, Shimada K, Saito Y, Okusaka T. A novel endoscopic technique using fully covered self-expandable metallic stents for benign strictures after hepaticojejunostomy: the saddle-cross technique (with video). Surg Endosc 2022; 36:9001-9010. [PMID: 35817882 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the number of patients with hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures has increased. Balloon dilation and placement of multiple plastic stents have proven effective for hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures. However, for refractory strictures, there is often a need for repeated endoscopic procedures within a short period. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the new saddle-cross technique, which uses two fully covered self-expandable metallic stents. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with benign hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures who underwent placement of two fully covered self-expandable metallic stents at the National Cancer Center, Japan, from November 2017 to June 2021. RESULTS The technical and clinical success rates were 100% (20/20). The median time of the procedure was 61 (range 25-122) min. The scheduled stent removal rate was 70% (14/20). Spontaneous dislodgement of the stent was observed on computed tomography in five patients (25.0%). The non-restenosis rate 12 months after the saddle-cross technique was 88.2% (15/17). Procedure-related early adverse events included mild ascending cholangitis in three patients (15.0%) and sepsis in one patient (5.0%). Procedure-related late adverse events included mild ascending cholangitis in three patients (15.0%) and bile duct hyperplasia in one patient (5.0%). CONCLUSIONS The saddle-cross technique performed using two fully covered self-expandable metallic stents resulted in promising long-term stricture resolution with a high technical success rate. Based on these findings, the saddle-cross method can be considered an option for the standard procedure for benign hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yosikuni Nagashio
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohba
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Maruki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Maehara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yoshinari
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hisada
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Harai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kitamura
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Murashima
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koga
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kawahara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Kondo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ushio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiichi Tamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takamoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Liver was the very first organ for which interventional procedures were applied for the local treatment of primary and secondary malignancies. In this paper, the history of Interventional Oncology of liver, from the very beginning to the current situation, is summarized, including both percutaneous and intravascular procedures, and together with the evolution of the techniques for image guidance. The main ongoing developments, such as new techniques, combined interventional treatments and association of local interventions with new drugs are briefly described, too.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Arai Y, Helmberger T, White S, J.Zech C. The challenge of liver tumors for interventional oncology: past, present and future - introductory editorial. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20229005. [PMID: 36129133 PMCID: PMC9815743 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20229005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Helmberger
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology, and Minimal-Invasive Therapy at Munich Klinik, Bogenhausen, Germany
| | - Sarah White
- Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Christoph J.Zech
- Section Interventional Radiology, Radiology und Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Miyayama S, Arai Y, Matsui O. Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with vascular invasion. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211316. [PMID: 35143258 PMCID: PMC9815726 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the global guidelines only recommend systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with vascular invasion, various treatments are performed for it. Among them, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most frequent option; however, standard techniques have not been established. Conventional TACE (cTACE) has also been frequently performed for tumors invading the portal vein (PVTT), hepatic vein (HVTT), and bile duct (BDTT). In cTACE for PVTT, selective catheterization into the tumor-feeder is essential to avoid adverse effects. However, if it is unsuccessful, injection of embolic agents under balloon occlusion of the hepatic artery can improve the therapeutic effects and avoid hepatic infarction. When marked arterioportal shunts are demonstrated, embolization with gelatin sponge particles soaked with a chemotherapeutic solution is another option. Arteriovenous shunts accompanied by HVTT may cause systemic embolization due to migration of embolic agents, and occlusion of a shunt-draining hepatic vein using a balloon catheter can reduce the risk. BDTT is often accompanied by obstructive jaundice; therefore, endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage is required when the serum total bilirubin concentration is ≥3 mg dl-1. TACE should be performed as selectively as possible and attention should also be paid to the risk of obstructive jaundice and/or pancreatitis caused by sloughing of necrotized BDTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Miyayama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Funabashi, Wadanaka-cho, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Interventional Radiology Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsui
- Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
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16
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Kudo M, Ueshima K, Ikeda M, Torimura T, Tanabe N, Aikata H, Izumi N, Yamasaki T, Nojiri S, Hino K, Tsumura H, Kuzuya T, Isoda N, Moriguchi M, Aino H, Ido A, Kawabe N, Nakao K, Wada Y, Ogasawara S, Yoshimura K, Okusaka T, Furuse J, Kokudo N, Okita K, Johnson PJ, Arai Y. Final Results of TACTICS: A Randomized, Prospective Trial Comparing Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Sorafenib to Transarterial Chemoembolization Alone in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2022; 11:354-367. [PMID: 35978604 PMCID: PMC9294961 DOI: 10.1159/000522547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus molecular-targeted agents versus TACE alone revealed no clinical benefits in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Here, we report the final OS analysis from the TACTICS trial, which previously demonstrated significant improvement in PFS with TACE plus sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (NCT01217034). Methods Patients with unresectable HCC were randomized to a TACE plus sorafenib group (N = 80) or a TACE alone group (N = 76). Patients in the combination treatment group received sorafenib 400 mg once daily for 2-3 weeks before TACE, followed by 800 mg once daily during on-demand conventional TACE sessions until time to untreatable progression. In this trial, TACE-specific PFS was used. TACE-specific PFS is defined as the time from randomization to progressive disease (PD) or death from any cause, and PD was defined as untreatable progression, caused by the inability of a patient to further receive or benefit from TACE for reasons that include intrahepatic tumor progression (25% increase vs. baseline) according to response evaluation criteria in cancer of the liver, the detection of extrahepatic spread, vascular invasion, or transient deterioration of liver function to Child-Pugh C after TACE. Results At the cut-off date of July 31, 2020, 131 OS events were observed. The median OS was 36.2 months with TACE plus sorafenib and 30.8 months with TACE alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.861; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.607-1.223; p = 0.40, ΔOS, 5.4 months). The updated PFS was 22.8 months with TACE plus sorafenib and 13.5 months with TACE alone (HR = 0.661; 95% CI, 0.466-0.938; p = 0.02). Post-trial treatments with active procedures/agents were received by 47 (58.8%) patients in the TACE plus sorafenib group and 58 (76.3%) in the TACE alone group (p = 0.01). In post hoc analysis, PFS and OS benefit were shown in HCC patients with tumor burden beyond up-to-7 criteria. Conclusions In TACTICS trial, TACE plus sorafenib did not show significant OS benefit over TACE alone; however, clinical meaningful OS prolongation and significantly improved PFS was observed. Thus, the TACE plus sorafenib can be considered a choice of treatment in intermediate-stage HCC, especially in patients with high tumor burden. Trial Registration: NCT01217034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Oncology and Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nojiri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Tsumura
- Department of Grastroenterological Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Norio Isoda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Aino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Social Insurance Tagawa Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Wada
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sadahisa Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Philip James Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Ikeda M, Arai Y, Inaba Y, Tanaka T, Sugawara S, Kodama Y, Aramaki T, Anai H, Morita S, Tsukahara Y, Seki H, Sato M, Kamimura K, Azama K, Tsurusaki M, Sugihara E, Miyazaki M, Kobayashi T, Sone M. Conventional or Drug-Eluting Beads? Randomized Controlled Study of Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: JIVROSG-1302. Liver Cancer 2022; 11:440-450. [PMID: 36158586 PMCID: PMC9485929 DOI: 10.1159/000525500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the advent of effective systemic therapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is established as a highly effective locoregional treatment modality for carefully selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This randomized controlled trial was conducted to clarify whether selective TACE with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) loaded with epirubicin or selective conventional TACE (cTACE) with epirubicin-ethiodized oil might be more effective for obtaining complete response(CR) in patients with HCC. METHODS Between March 2016 and May 2019, Child-Pugh class A or B patients with unresectable HCC who were scheduled to receive selective TACE were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the DEB-TACE arm or the cTACE arm. The primary endpoint was the CR rate at 3 months, as evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors by an independent review committee, and the secondary endpoints were the CR rate at 1 month and incidences of adverse events. RESULTS A total of 200 patients (DEB-TACE, 99 patients; cTACE, 101 patients) were enrolled in the study. The CR rates at 3 months and 1 month were significantly higher in the cTACE arm (75.2%, 84.2%) as compared with the DEB-TACE arm (27.6%, 35.7%). However, the frequencies of adverse events of any grade, including pyrexia (DEB-TACE vs. cTACE, 19.4% vs. 45.5%, p = 0.0001), fatigue (5.1% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.0194), malaise (11.1% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.0103), appetite loss (12.1% vs. 28.7%, p = 0.0048), abdominal pain (12.1% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.0423), increased serum bilirubin (22.2% vs. 48.5%, p = 0.0002), hypoalbuminemia (43.4% vs. 60.3%, p = 0.0154), increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (35.7% vs. 81.2%, p < 0.0001), and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (35.7% vs. 77.2%, p < 0.0001), were also significantly higher in the cTACE arm than in the DEB-TACE arm. CONCLUSIONS Selective cTACE appeared to have higher CR rates for local tumor control as compared to selective DEB-TACE for HCC. However, the frequency of postembolization syndrome was also significantly higher in the cTACE group than in the DEB-TACE group. Thus, to achieve CR, cTACE may be selected over DEB-TACE in patients who can be expected to tolerate postembolization syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan,*Masafumi Ikeda,
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Executive Advisor to the President, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Inaba
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, IVR Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kodama
- Department of Radiology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aramaki
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Anai
- Department of Radiology, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Hospital, Minamiuonuma, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsukahara
- Department of Radiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikio Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ryugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kimei Azama
- Department of Radiology, Ryukyu University Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Tsurusaki
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Medical Imaging, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Abbott R, Abbott T, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adhikari N, Adhikari R, Adya V, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar O, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Albanesi S, Allocca A, Altin P, Amato A, Anand C, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson S, Anderson W, Ando M, Andrade T, Andres N, Andrić T, Angelova S, Ansoldi S, Antelis J, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya M, Areeda J, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Aronson S, Arun K, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Assiduo M, Aston S, Astone P, Aubin F, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader M, Badger C, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer A, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baiotti L, Baird J, Bajpai R, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Barayoga J, Barbieri C, Barish B, Barker D, Barneo P, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton M, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley J, Baylor A, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bedakihale V, Bejger M, Belahcene I, 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Creighton J, Creighton T, Criswell A, Croquette M, Crowder S, Cudell J, Cullen T, Cumming A, Cummings R, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Curyło M, Dabadie P, Canton TD, Dall’Osso S, Dálya G, Dana A, DaneshgaranBajastani L, D’Angelo B, Danilishin S, D’Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darsow-Fromm C, Dasgupta A, Datrier L, Datta S, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davies G, Davis D, Davis M, Daw E, Dean R, DeBra D, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Favero V, De Lillo F, De Lillo N, Del Pozzo W, DeMarchi L, De Matteis F, D’Emilio V, Demos N, Dent T, Depasse A, De Pietri R, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, De Simone R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Diaz-Ortiz M, Didio N, Dietrich T, Di Fiore L, Di Fronzo C, Di Giorgio C, Di Giovanni F, Di Giovanni M, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla A, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, D’Onofrio L, Donovan F, Dooley K, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Drago M, Driggers J, Drori Y, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Durante O, D’Urso D, Duverne PA, Dwyer S, Eassa C, Easter P, Ebersold M, Eckhardt T, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo T, Edy O, Effler A, Eguchi S, Eichholz J, Eikenberry S, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein R, Ejlli A, Engelby E, Enomoto Y, Errico L, Essick R, Estellés H, Estevez D, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Ewing B, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Farah A, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W, Farrow N, Fauchon-Jones E, Favaro G, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer M, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson D, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira T, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher R, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Fong H, Font J, Fornal B, Forsyth P, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frederick C, Freed J, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov V, Fronzé G, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard H, Gadre B, Gair J, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar S, Garaventa B, García-Núñez C, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, 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Hattori K, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes F, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heidt A, Heintze M, Heinze J, Heinzel J, Heitmann H, Hellman F, Hello P, Helmling-Cornell A, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng I, Hennes E, Hennig J, Hennig M, Hernandez A, Vivanco FH, Heurs M, Hild S, Hill P, Himemoto Y, Hines A, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Hohmann J, Holcomb D, Holland N, Hollows I, Holmes Z, Holt K, Holz D, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Hough J, Hourihane S, Howell E, Hoy C, Hoyland D, Hreibi A, Hsieh BH, Hsu Y, Huang GZ, Huang HY, Huang P, Huang YC, Huang YJ, Huang Y, Hübner M, Huddart A, Hughey B, Hui D, Hui V, Husa S, Huttner S, Huxford R, Huynh-Dinh T, Ide S, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Ioka K, Isi M, Isleif K, Ito K, Itoh Y, Iyer B, Izumi K, JaberianHamedan V, Jacqmin T, Jadhav S, Jadhav S, James A, Jan A, Jani K, Janquart J, Janssens K, Janthalur N, Jaranowski P, Jariwala D, Jaume R, Jenkins A, Jenner K, Jeon C, Jeunon M, Jia W, Jin HB, Johns G, Jones A, Jones D, Jones J, Jones P, Jones R, Jonker R, Ju L, Jung P, Jung K, Junker J, Juste V, Kaihotsu K, Kajita T, Kakizaki M, Kalaghatgi C, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner J, Kao Y, Kapadia S, Kapasi D, Karat S, Karathanasis C, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Key J, Khadka S, Khalili F, Khan S, Khazanov E, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim J, Kim K, Kim W, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel J, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Knee A, Knowles T, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kolitsidou P, Kolstein M, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong A, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Kotake K, Kovalam M, Kozak D, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu N, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kuei F, Kuijer P, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kume J, Kuns K, Kuo C, Kuo HS, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kuwahara S, Kwak K, Lagabbe P, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lam T, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane B, Lang R, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky P, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche Y, Lee H, Lee H, Lee H, Lee J, Lee K, Lee R, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levesque C, Levin Y, Leviton J, Leyde K, Li A, Li B, Li J, Li K, Li T, Li X, Lin CY, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin H, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker S, Linley J, Littenberg T, Liu G, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llamas F, Llorens-Monteagudo M, Lo R, Lockwood A, London L, Longo A, Lopez D, Portilla ML, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lott T, Lough J, Lousto C, Lovelace G, Lucaccioni J, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren A, Luo LW, Lynam J, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod D, MacMillan I, Macquet A, Hernandez IM, Magazzù C, Magee R, Maggiore R, Magnozzi M, Mahesh S, Majorana E, Makarem C, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mango J, Mansell G, Manske M, Mantovani M, Mapelli M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan A, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin I, Martin R, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov D, Marx E, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger T, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann J, McCarthy R, McClelland D, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee G, McGuire S, McIsaac C, McIver J, McRae T, McWilliams S, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta A, Meijer Q, Melatos A, Melchor D, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni C, Mercer R, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh E, Merritt J, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers P, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Milano L, Miller A, Miller A, Miller B, Millhouse M, Mills J, Milotti E, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir L, Miravet-Tenés M, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov V, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Moguel E, Mogushi K, Mohapatra S, Mohite S, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore C, Moraru D, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C. All-sky, all-frequency directional search for persistent gravitational waves from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s first three observing runs. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kubo T, Arai Y, Sone M, Magara T, Sugawara S, Kusumoto M, Abe O. Detectability of feeding arteries using automated feeding artery detection software based on CT arteriography in transarterial embolisation. Singapore Med J 2022. [PMID: 35611525 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Kubo
- Department of Radiology, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Magara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ozawa M, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Itou C, Kimura S, Omori J, Koretsune Y. Jejunal Obstruction Due to Fractured Duodenal Stent: Percutaneous Recovering with Additional Stent Placement. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2022; 45:1408-1410. [PMID: 35551443 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ozawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Junji Omori
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Yuji Koretsune
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
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21
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Ueshima K, Komemushi A, Aramaki T, Iwamoto H, Obi S, Sato Y, Tanaka T, Matsueda K, Moriguchi M, Saito H, Sone M, Yamagami T, Inaba Y, Kudo M, Arai Y. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy with a Port System Proposed by the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology and Japanese Society of Implantable Port Assisted Treatment. Liver Cancer 2022; 11:407-425. [PMID: 36158592 PMCID: PMC9485983 DOI: 10.1159/000524893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death both in Japan and globally. In the advanced stage, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is one of the most commonly used treatment options for liver cancer in Japan, and implantation of a catheter system (called a port system) in the body is a treatment method that has evolved mainly in Japan. The Guideline Committee of the Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology and the Japanese Society of Implantable Port Assisted Treatment jointly published clinical practice guidelines for HAIC with a port system to ensure its appropriate and safe performance in Japanese in 2018. We have written an updated English version of the guidelines with the aim of making this treatment widely known to experts globally. In this article, the evidence, method, indication, treatment regimen, and maintenance of the system are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,*Kazuomi Ueshima,
| | - Atsushi Komemushi
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aramaki
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology/Iwamoto Internal Medicine Clinic, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Obi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba General Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yozo Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound & Interventional Radiology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Radiology/IVR Center, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Matsueda
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound & Interventional Radiology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroya Saito
- Imaging and IVR Center, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamagami
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Inaba
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Itou C, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Kimura S. Ureteral Displacement Using the Pushing Guidewire Technique to Assist Antegrade Pyeloperfusion in Renal Cryoablation: Report of Two Cases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2022; 45:1030-1034. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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23
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Itou C, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Onishi Y, Kimura S. Percutaneous Radiologic Gastrostomy in Patients After Partial Gastrectomy: A Retrospective Study to Assess the Technical Feasibility of Postsurgical Remnant Stomach Access. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2022; 45:1214-1224. [PMID: 35396611 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the technical feasibility of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy in patients after partial gastrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 15 consecutive gastrectomized patients with attempted percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy at our institution between April 2014 and March 2021. When the stomach was sufficiently insufflated to distend below the left anterior subcostal margin, percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy with gastropexy was conventionally performed by the Seldinger technique. When the stomach was still highly positioned and/or overlaid by the other organs, some adjunctive maneuvers, such as hydro-displacement, intragastric balloon support, or cephalad oblique puncture or left intercostal puncture, were employed as modified gastrostomy. Ultrasonography or x-ray or computed tomography fluoroscopy was used for imaging guidance during the gastric puncture. Adequate tube placement was defined as technical success. Technical details, clinical outcomes, and complications were reviewed. RESULTS One patient underwent percutaneous radiologic jejunostomy instead of gastrostomy because safe gastric access could not be ensured. Seven patients underwent conventional gastrostomy; the other seven underwent modified gastrostomy with no gastropexy. The technical success rate was 100% (7/7) in the conventional group and 85.7% (6/7) in the modified group. The stomach was punctured under x-ray or computed tomography fluoroscopy for conventional gastrostomy. In contrast, the combination of various modalities was used for modified gastrostomy except for one failed case with unintentional transhepatic access. During a median follow-up of 108 days, no major complications occurred. CONCLUSION The adequate combination of multimodal imaging guidance and technical modifications could secure radiological creation of gastrostomy for the postsurgical stomach. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4, Case Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Onishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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24
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Arai Y, Kuroda K, Nomoto T, Tin ZH, Sakuragi S, Bareille C, Akebi S, Kurokawa K, Kinoshita Y, Zhang WL, Shin S, Tokunaga M, Kitazawa H, Haga Y, Suzuki HS, Miyasaka S, Tajima S, Iwasa K, Arita R, Kondo T. Multipole polaron in the devil's staircase of CeSb. Nat Mater 2022; 21:410-415. [PMID: 35145257 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth intermetallic compounds exhibit rich phenomena induced by the interplay between localized f orbitals and conduction electrons. However, since the energy scale of the crystal-electric-field splitting is only a few millielectronvolts, the nature of the mobile electrons accompanied by collective crystal-electric-field excitations has not been unveiled. Here, we examine the low-energy electronic structures of CeSb through the anomalous magnetostructural transitions below the Néel temperature, ~17 K, termed the 'devil's staircase', using laser angle-resolved photoemission, Raman and neutron scattering spectroscopies. We report another type of electron-boson coupling between mobile electrons and quadrupole crystal-electric-field excitations of the 4f orbitals, which renormalizes the Sb 5p band prominently, yielding a kink at a very low energy (~7 meV). This coupling strength is strong and exhibits anomalous step-like enhancement during the devil's staircase transition, unveiling a new type of quasiparticle, named the 'multipole polaron', comprising a mobile electron dressed with a cloud of the quadrupole crystal-electric-field polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Arai
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kenta Kuroda
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
| | - T Nomoto
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Z H Tin
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - S Sakuragi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - C Bareille
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S Akebi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - K Kurokawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Y Kinoshita
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - W-L Zhang
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Shin
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Office of University Professor, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - M Tokunaga
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kitazawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Haga
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - H S Suzuki
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S Miyasaka
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - S Tajima
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - K Iwasa
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences and Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Ibaraki University, Tokai, Japan
| | - R Arita
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kubo T, Arai Y, Sone M, Yonemori K, Abe O. Image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy for the diagnosis of cancer of unknown primary. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2022; 18:e479-e485. [PMID: 35238156 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the efficacy of image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in patients with suspected cancer of unknown primary. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study. Among 291 patients with suspected cancer of unknown primary who were referred to our institution between April 2011 and March 2014, 89 who underwent image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy and 27 who underwent surgical biopsy were defined as the image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy group and the surgical group, respectively. Patient backgrounds, diagnostic yields, promptness of biopsy, general anesthesia rates, and severe complication rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the patient backgrounds of the two groups. The diagnostic yields were 98.9% (95% confidence interval, 93.9%-99.8%) in the image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy group and 100% (95% confidence interval, 87.5%-100%) in the surgical biopsy group (no significant difference; p = 1.0). The mean time to biopsy was significantly shorter (6.5 days vs. 21.3 days; p < .0001) and general anesthesia was used in significantly fewer patients (0% vs. 40.7%; p < .0001) in the image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy group. There was no significant difference in the rate of serious complications between the two groups (p = 1.0). CONCLUSION As a biopsy procedure for patients with suspected cancer of unknown primary, image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy is equally diagnostic and safe for surgical biopsy and might be preferable to surgical biopsy in terms of promptness and not requiring general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Kubo
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Toki S, Sone M, Yoshida A, Nishisho T, Gokita T, Kobayashi E, Nakatani F, Chuman H, Sugawara S, Arai Y, Kawai A. Image-guided core needle biopsy for musculoskeletal lesions. J Orthop Sci 2022; 27:448-455. [PMID: 33531215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) has been an important diagnostic procedure for musculoskeletal lesions. Here we surveyed the variety of diagnostic strategies available and assessed the clinical usefulness and limitations of image-guided CNB carried out by a multidisciplinary team comprising specialists in various fields. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 284 image-guided CNBs among 1899 consecutive biopsy procedures carried out at our institution for musculoskeletal tumorous conditions, focusing on their effectiveness including diagnostic accuracy and utility for classification of specimens according to malignant potential and histological subtype as well as their correlation with biopsy routes. RESULTS Among the 284 studied biopsies, 252 (88.7%) were considered clinically "effective". The sensitivity for detection of malignancy was 94.0% (110/117) and the specificity was 95.3% (41/43). The diagnostic accuracy for detection of malignancy was 94.4% (151/160) and that for histological subtype was 92.3% (48/52). The clinical effectiveness of the procedure was correlated with the complexity of the biopsy route (P = 0.015); the trans-pedicular, trans-retroperitoneal and trans-sciatic foramen approaches tended to yield ineffective results. Repeat biopsy did not have a significant impact on the effectiveness of image-guided CNB (P = 0.536). CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic accuracy rates of image-guided CNB performed at multidisciplinary sarcoma units were usable even for patients who have variety of diagnostic biopsy procedures. It is important to establish and implement diagnostic strategies based on an understanding that complicated routes, especially for spine and pelvic lesions, may be associated with ineffectiveness and/or complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Toki
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nishisho
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tabu Gokita
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nakatani
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Chuman
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Kashiwagi E, Asayama Y, Hatano T, Miki J, Egawa S, Takamoto A, Nasu Y, Osawa T, Shinohara N, Hongo F, Ukimura O, Nishie A, Ushijima Y, Kiyomi F, Nakano S, Arai Y, Eto M. Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of cryoablation in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma related to tuberous sclerosis complex: The Cryo-TSC study. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.tps397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS397 Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease that causes benign tumors called hamartoma all over the body as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms such as epilepsy. One-third of patients have a family history of the disease, but the remaining two-thirds are solitary cases and are caused by newly arising mutations. The TSC1 gene on chromosome 9 and TSC2 on chromosome 16 have been identified as the causative genes. Approximately 60%–80% of patients with TSC have renal lesions, and angiomyolipoma (AML) occurs bilaterally. The frequency of TSC-associated AML (TSC-AML) increases with age, reaching 60%–80% in adults, and the rate of death from renal disease increases with age in TSC patients. The current standard of care for AML is arterial embolization or surgery (partial nephrectomy or nephrectomy), but TSC is a hereditary disease and AMLs occur one after another with age. Repeated surgical procedures are technically difficult, and arterial embolization has a high recurrence rate. Under these circumstances, an mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, has shown a marked reduction of TSC-AML and is widely used. However, everolimus must be administered permanently because AML re-occurs after discontinuation of everolimus. Cryotherapy has been used as a treatment for renal tumors, and there have been some reports of cryotherapy for solitary AML, but the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC-AML have not been established. Therefore, we planned this study to establish the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC-AML. Methods: This is an open-label, single-arm, phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC-AML of 4 cm or less in patients with 16 years of age or older. The exclusion criteria are an inability to withdraw from mTOR inhibitor and failure to maintain rest during cryotherapy. mTOR inhibitor medication should be withdrawn at least 7 days prior to cryotherapy and discontinued during the study period. Cryotherapy will be performed using Cryohit (GALIL MEDICAL LTD, Israel). Safety will be assessed at 1, 2, 6, and 9 months after cryotherapy, and efficacy will be assessed at 3 and 9 months after cryotherapy. The efficacy of cryotherapy will be evaluated according to modified RECIST or RECIST criteria. The primary endpoint will be the disease control rate of AML treated with cryotherapy, and secondary endpoints will be the overall response rate, safety, renal function, quality of life, and whether additional treatment is required. Clinical trial information: jRCTs072200039.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Asayama
- Department of Radiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Jun Miki
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osawa
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishie
- Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyus, Naha, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ushijima
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Nakano
- Health Promotion Center, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Eto
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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28
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Ozawa M, Sone M, Arai Y, Sugawara S, Itou C, Kimura S, Okamoto D, Kusumoto M. Trans-Colostomy Placement of a Button Gastrostomy Tube for Malignant Bowel Obstruction in Patients with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. The Arab Journal of Interventional Radiology 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the trans-colostomy placement of a button gastrostomy tube for patients with malignant bowel obstruction due to peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Material and Methods Data from seven consecutive patients who presented with malignant bowel obstruction due to peritoneal carcinomatosis involving the colostomy site and underwent trans-colostomy button gastrostomy tube placement between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. We assessed technical and clinical success rate, procedure time, duration of improvement, and complication rate.
Results The technical success rate of the trans-colostomy button gastrostomy tube placement was 100%, and average procedure time was 25 minutes. Clinical symptoms of malignant bowel obstruction resolved in four out of seven (57%) patients. Average duration of improvement in the four patients with clinical success was 170.8 days. There were no complications associated with the procedure.
Conclusion Trans-colostomy button gastrostomy tube placement might be a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with malignant bowel obstruction due to peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ozawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okamoto
- Department of Radiology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Ohya T, Nakagawa K, Arai Y, Kato H. Visualization of droplets produced by dental air turbines that require infection control measured during coronavirus 2019 outbreaks. J Hosp Infect 2022; 119:196-198. [PMID: 34637853 PMCID: PMC8501514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Ohya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. Tel.: +81-45-787-2659
| | - K. Nakagawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Arai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H. Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Puijk RS, Ahmed M, Adam A, Arai Y, Arellano R, de Baère T, Bale R, Bellera C, Binkert CA, Brace CL, Breen DJ, Brountzos E, Callstrom MR, Carrafiello G, Chapiro J, de Cobelli F, Coupé VMH, Crocetti L, Denys A, Dupuy DE, Erinjeri JP, Filippiadis D, Gangi A, Gervais DA, Gillams AR, Greene T, Guiu B, Helmberger T, Iezzi R, Kang TW, Kelekis A, Kim HS, Kröncke T, Kwan S, Lee MW, Lee FT, Lee EW, Liang P, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Lu DS, Madoff DC, Mauri G, Meloni MF, Morgan R, Nadolski G, Narayanan G, Newton I, Nikolic B, Orsi F, Pereira PL, Pua U, Rhim H, Ricke J, Rilling W, Salem R, Scheffer HJ, Sofocleous CT, Solbiati LA, Solomon SB, Soulen MC, Sze D, Uberoi R, Vogl TJ, Wang DS, Wood BJ, Goldberg SN, Meijerink MR. Consensus Guidelines for the Definition of Time-to-Event End Points in Image-guided Tumor Ablation: Results of the SIO and DATECAN Initiative. Radiology 2021; 301:533-540. [PMID: 34581627 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus regarding preferred clinical outcome measures following image-guided tumor ablation or clear definitions of oncologic end points. This consensus document proposes standardized definitions for a broad range of oncologic outcome measures with recommendations on how to uniformly document, analyze, and report outcomes. The initiative was coordinated by the Society of Interventional Oncology in collaboration with the Definition for the Assessment of Time-to-Event End Points in Cancer Trials, or DATECAN, group. According to predefined criteria, based on experience with clinical trials, an international panel of 62 experts convened. Recommendations were developed using the validated three-step modified Delphi consensus method. Consensus was reached on when to assess outcomes per patient, per session, or per tumor; on starting and ending time and survival time definitions; and on time-to-event end points. Although no consensus was reached on the preferred classification system to report complications, quality of life, and health economics issues, the panel did agree on using the most recent version of a validated patient-reported outcome questionnaire. This article provides a framework of key opinion leader recommendations with the intent to facilitate a clear interpretation of results and standardize worldwide communication. Widespread adoption will improve reproducibility, allow for accurate comparisons, and avoid misinterpretations in the field of interventional oncology research. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Liddell in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert S Puijk
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Andreas Adam
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Ronald Arellano
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Thierry de Baère
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Reto Bale
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Carine Bellera
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Christoph A Binkert
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Christopher L Brace
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - David J Breen
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Elias Brountzos
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Matthew R Callstrom
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Gianpaolo Carrafiello
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Julius Chapiro
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Francesco de Cobelli
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Laura Crocetti
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Alban Denys
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Damian E Dupuy
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Joseph P Erinjeri
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Dimitris Filippiadis
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Afshin Gangi
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Debra A Gervais
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Alice R Gillams
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Tissy Greene
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Boris Guiu
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Thomas Helmberger
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Roberto Iezzi
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Tae Wook Kang
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Alexis Kelekis
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Hyun S Kim
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Thomas Kröncke
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Sharon Kwan
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Min Woo Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Fred T Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Edward W Lee
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Ping Liang
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - David S Lu
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - David C Madoff
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Giovanni Mauri
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Maria Franca Meloni
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Robert Morgan
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Gregory Nadolski
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Govindarajan Narayanan
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Isabel Newton
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Boris Nikolic
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Franco Orsi
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Philippe L Pereira
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Uei Pua
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Hyunchul Rhim
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - William Rilling
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Riad Salem
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Hester J Scheffer
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Constantinos T Sofocleous
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Luigi A Solbiati
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Michael C Soulen
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Daniel Sze
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Raman Uberoi
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - David S Wang
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Bradford J Wood
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
| | - Martijn R Meijerink
- From the Department of Radiology, Center of Image-guided Tumor Ablation, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P., H.J.S., M.R.M.); Department of Radiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG) Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.S.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (M.A., S.N.G.); Department of Radiology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England (A.A.); Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (R.A., D.A.G.); Department of Radiology, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France (T.d.B.); Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (R.B.); Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France (C.B.); Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland (C.A.B.); Department of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (C.L.B., F.T.L.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England (D.J.B.); 2nd Department of Radiology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON" Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (E.B., D.F., A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.R.C.); Department of Radiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (G.C.); Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (J.C., H.S.K., D.C.M.); Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy (F.d.C.); Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Decision Modeling Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (V.M.H.C., B.I.L.W.); Department of Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy (L.C.); Department of Radiology, CHUV University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.D.); and Department of Radiology, Brown Medical School, Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Mass (D.E.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.P.E., C.T.S., S.B.S.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (A.G.); Department of Radiology, The London Clinic, London, England (A.R.G.); Society of Interventional Oncology, Washington, DC (T.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France (B.G.); Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Schlewsig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany (T.H.); Department of Radiology, Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy (R.I.); Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (T.W.K., M.W.L., H.R.); Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (T.K.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Wash (S.K.); Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (E.W.L., D.S.L.); Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (P.L.); Department of Radiology, IEO Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy (G.M.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy (M.F.M.); Department of Radiology, St George's University Hospitals, London, England (R.M.); Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G. Nadolski, M.C.S.); Department of Radiology, Baptist Health of South Florida, Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, Fla (G. Narayanan); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, Calif (I.N.); Department of Radiology, Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton, Mass (B.N.); Department of Radiology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (F.O.); Department of Radiology, Academic Hospital Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, SLK Clinics GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany (P.L.P.); Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore (U.P.); Department of Radiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.R.); Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (W.R.); Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (R.S.); Department of Radiology, Humanitas University, Ospedale Generale, Milan, Italy (L.A.S.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif (D.S., D.S.W.); Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England (R.U.); Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany (T.J.V.); and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.); Department of Radiology, Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel (S.N.G.); and Department of Radiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (M.R.M.)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Address correspondence to Dr H. Kato, Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - T Ohya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Y Arai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - K Nakagawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Lu J, Zhao M, Arai Y, Zhong BY, Zhu HD, Qi XL, de Baere T, Pua U, Yoon HK, Madoff DC, Teng GJ. Clinical practice of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: consensus statement from an international expert panel of International Society of Multidisciplinary Interventional Oncology (ISMIO). Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:661-671. [PMID: 34760969 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-21-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been associated with a wide range of practice variations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between the East and the West. This considerable ambiguity may lead to the heterogeneous quality in treatment and have a negative impact on the role of TACE in the overall multidisciplinary HCC treatment system. Objective It may be a good start to establish a guideline worldwide to have this consensus from experts who represent east and west, although it does not cover all aspects of TACE. Evidence Review An international expert panel on TACE is convened to cluster the expert's opinions and summary a standard consensus. This panel committee consist of leading physicians in TACE on HCC from USA, France, Japan, Singapore, Korea, China, and so on. The first-round face-to-face consensus meeting was held during in Nanjing, China in October 2019. The second-round conference for revision of the consensus was held during the Annual Meeting of Chinese College of Interventionalists in August 2020 by a hybrid format of a Webinar and roundtable meeting. After several on-line revisions, the final manuscript was approved by all members of the panel in June 2021. Findings The consensus statements were organized into the following categories: patients' selection, performing the procedure, TACE outcomes, repeat TACE, TACE failure/refractory, and TACE-based combination treatments. Conclusions and Relevance for Reviews More and more evidences have showed the better outcomes with strategy of combined TACE with other local therapies such as ablations. The most-recently developing strategy of combined TACE with PD-1/PD-L1 plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) agents has shined a light to the HCC patients, especially to those with high risk of tumor recurrence after treatment or TACE failure/refractory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, China.,Minimally Invasive & Interventional Department, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bin-Yan Zhong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zhu
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Long Qi
- CHESS Frontier Center, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Uei Pua
- Department of Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyun Ki Yoon
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - David C Madoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Section of Interventional Radiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Arai Y, Hashimoto Y, Makino S. Schizophyllum commune-induced postoperative endophthalmitis. QJM 2021; 114:517-518. [PMID: 33682873 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - Y Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
| | - S Makino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi 329-0431, Japan
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Kitamura H, Hijioka S, Nagashio Y, Sugawara S, Nara S, Sone M, Esaki M, Arai Y, Okusaka T, Nakajima A. Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage as a rescue of re-intervention after the placement of multiple metallic stents for malignant hilar biliary obstruction. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2021; 29:404-414. [PMID: 34661973 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Endoscopic transpapillary re-intervention (ETP-RI) after multiple self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) is challenging, but endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) could be an alternative following failed ETP-RI. We investigated appropriate re-intervention (RI) methods in MHBO after multiple SEMS placement and evaluated RI with EUS-BD (EUS-RI) benefits following ETP-RI failure. METHODS Patients requiring RI after multiple SEMS placement for MHBO between October 2017 and April 2021 were enrolled. Patients' characteristics, metallic-stent type, stent-placement configuration, overall survival, stent patency, re-intervention results, and re-intervention technical and clinical success rates were reviewed. RESULTS Forty-nine patients underwent ETP-RI for MHBO. ETP-RI's technical success rate was 69.4%. Of 15 failed ETP-RI cases, all underwent EUS-RI, achieving technical and clinical success rates of 86.7% and 100%, respectively. Time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO) after RI was significantly different between EUS-RI and ETP-RI (212 vs 84 days; P = .01). On multivariate analysis, EUS-RI was the only factor associated with TRBO (odds ratio: 4.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-19.91; P = .04). Acute pancreatitis and bile peritonitis were present in 6.1% of ETP-RI and 13.3% of EUS-RI cases, respectively; both improved conservatively. CONCLUSIONS EUS-RI was effective and safe in difficult ETP-RI cases after multiple SEMS placement for MHBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Kitamura
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Nagashio
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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Arai Y. A new window connecting medical oncologists and interventional oncologists. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:1023. [PMID: 34142148 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Sugawara S, Sone M, Itou C, Kimura S, Kusumoto M, Kato T, Yonemori K, Yatabe Y, Arai Y. Analysis of factors affecting the diagnostic yield of image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for peritoneal/omental lesions. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:4499-4508. [PMID: 34047802 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic yield, safety, and factors associated with the diagnostic yield of percutaneous core needle biopsy (PNB) for peritoneal/omental lesions. METHODS Consecutive 297 patients (67 men, 230 women; median age, 64 years [range 15-87]) who underwent a PNB for 311 peritoneal/omental lesions at a single center from April 2010 to March 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. The preprocedural CT findings, diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, technical success rate, and adverse events were analyzed. Surgical or clinical diagnosis with follow-up was the diagnostic reference standard. Adverse events were evaluated using the Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines. RESULTS The median anteroposterior (AP) diameter and CT value of the target lesion were 24 mm (range 5-78) and 46 HU (range - 75 to 140), respectively. Ascites was interposed on the puncture route in 106 patients (34.1%). The technical success rate was 100%. The diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93.9%, 93.8%, 100%, 100%, and 20.8%, respectively. Minor complications were observed following five procedures (1.6%). The diagnostic yield was lower for fat-dominant lesions than for other lesions (82.6% vs. 95.8%, p = 0.002). The diagnostic PNB group had a greater AP diameter than did the non-diagnostic PNB group (27.3 ± 13.0 vs. 20.7 ± 8.4 mm, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION PNB for peritoneal/omental lesions provided a sufficiently high diagnostic yield and minimal adverse events. Lesions with a greater AP diameter and a higher density on CT would provide more diagnostic specimens from this technique.
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Itou C, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Onishi Y, Kimura S. Transgastric Feeding Tube Insertion into the Jejunum after Esophagectomy: Direct Puncture of the Gastric Conduit. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 32:1464-1469. [PMID: 34363940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided direct puncture of a reconstructed gastric conduit after esophagectomy for performing a percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2014 and 2020, 26 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer (mean age, 70 years ± 8.3) with a total of 27 attempts of percutaneous radiologic gastrojejunostomy for postsurgical enteral feeding at the National Cancer Center Hospital were included in this study. One patient required a repeat procedure because of persistent anorexia after the removal of the first tube. All patients except 1 had a gastric conduit reconstructed via a retrosternal route. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia with moderate sedation and analgesia. A gastric conduit was directly punctured with an 18-gauge needle under ultrasonographic guidance, followed by feeding tube insertion into the proximal jejunum. Technical details of the procedures, technical success (defined as adequate tube placement), procedure-related complications, and clinical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS The mean procedure time was 25 minutes ± 15, and technical success was obtained in every attempt. Minor complications included mild local pain (n = 7), unintentional tube removal (n = 2), local abdominal wall hematoma (n = 1), and superficial cellulitis (n = 1); no major complications were observed. During a mean follow-up period of 118.3 days ± 85.8, 13 patients resumed oral intake, and the feeding tube could be removed in 4 patients. No procedure-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSIONS The US-guided direct puncture technique is feasible for percutaneous gastrojejunal tube insertion in postsurgical patients with esophageal cancer with gastric conduit reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Onishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams A, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Aleman KM, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Ansoldi S, Antelis JM, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Aronson SM, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Auclair P, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer AM, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baiotti L, Baird J, Bajpai R, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Bals M, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Bankar RS, Barayoga JC, Barbieri C, Barish BC, Barker D, Barneo P, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Baylor AC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, 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AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbott
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T D Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Abraham
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - F Acernese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Ackley
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Adams
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V B Adya
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Affeldt
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Agarwal
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Agathos
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Agatsuma
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Aggarwal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Aiello
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Ain
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - T Akutsu
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - K M Aleman
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Allen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Allocca
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - P A Altin
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Amato
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Anand
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Ananyeva
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Ando
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S V Angelova
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Ansoldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J M Antelis
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Antier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - S Appert
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Koya Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Arai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Araki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Araya
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J S Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Arène
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - N Aritomi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S M Aronson
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Asada
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Y Asali
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G Ashton
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Aso
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Aubin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Auclair
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Aufmuth
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K AultONeal
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - C Austin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Babak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Badaracco
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M K M Bader
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bae
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Y Bae
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - A M Baer
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Bagnasco
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Bai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Baiotti
- International College, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - J Baird
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - R Bajpai
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Ball
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bals
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - A Balsamo
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Baltus
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S Banagiri
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - R S Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Barbieri
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - B C Barish
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Barneo
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - S Barnum
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Barone
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, "Chirurgia e Odontoiatria Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Barta
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Bartlett
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M A Barton
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Bartos
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Bawaj
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J C Bayley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Baylor
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Bazzan
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Bécsy
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - V M Bedakihale
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - M Bejger
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Belahcene
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Benedetto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - D Beniwal
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - M G Benjamin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - T F Bennett
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J D Bentley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M BenYaala
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Bergamin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B K Berger
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Bernuzzi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R Bhandare
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - A V Bhandari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - D Bhattacharjee
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S Bhaumik
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Bidler
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Birney
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - O Birnholtz
- Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - S Biscans
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bischi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Biscoveanu
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Bisht
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Biswas
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M-A Bizouard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Blackman
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C D Blair
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D G Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R M Blair
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Bobba
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Bode
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Boer
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G Bogaert
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Boldrini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Bondu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - E Bonilla
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bonnand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Booker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B A Boom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Bork
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - N Bose
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S Bose
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Bossilkov
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - V Boudart
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Y Bouffanais
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Bozzi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A Bramley
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Branch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M Breschi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J H Briggs
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Brillet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Brockill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Brooks
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D D Brown
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S Brunett
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Bruno
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R Bruntz
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Bryant
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Buikema
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Buscicchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Buskulic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Cadonati
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Caesar
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Cahillane
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H W Cain
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Calderón Bustillo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J D Callaghan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T A Callister
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Canepa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Cannavacciuolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - K C Cannon
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Cao
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Z Cao
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - E Capocasa
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Capote
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Carapella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J B Carlin
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M F Carney
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Carpinelli
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - G Carullo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T L Carver
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Casanueva Diaz
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Casentini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Castaldi
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Caudill
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Cavaglià
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Cerdá-Durán
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - W Chaibi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - K Chakravarti
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Champion
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C-H Chan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C Chan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C L Chan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - M Chan
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - K Chandra
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - P Chanial
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - P Charlton
- OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E A Chase
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Chatterjee
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - K Chatziioannou
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - A Chen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - C Chen
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - H Y Chen
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - X Chen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-B Chen
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y-R Chen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Z Chen
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H Cheng
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C K Cheong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Cheung
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Chia
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Chiadini
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C-Y Chiang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Chierici
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M L Chiofalo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cho
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - S Choate
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - R K Choudhary
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Choudhary
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Christensen
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - H Chu
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Q Chu
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-K Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Chua
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K W Chung
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - G Ciani
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Ciecielag
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cieślar
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cifaldi
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A A Ciobanu
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Ciolfi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - F Cipriano
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - A Cirone
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - F Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E N Clark
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - J A Clark
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - L Clarke
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - P Clearwater
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S Clesse
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Cleva
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D E Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Cohen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Colleoni
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C G Collette
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - M Colpi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C M Compton
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Conti
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S J Cooper
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Corban
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - I Cordero-Carrión
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Corezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - K R Corley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - D Corre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Corsi
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - S Cortese
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Cotesta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S B Coughlin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Coulon
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | - B Cousins
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Couvares
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P B Covas
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Coward
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M J Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Coyne
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T D Creighton
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A W Criswell
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Croquette
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S G Crowder
- Bellevue College, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - J R Cudell
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - T J Cullen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Cummings
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Curyło
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Dal Canton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Dálya
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Dana
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L M DaneshgaranBajastani
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - B D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Danilishin
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Dasgupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - L E H Datrier
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Dave
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Davis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Dean
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - M Deenadayalan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M De Laurentis
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - V Del Favero
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F De Lillo
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - N De Lillo
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W Del Pozzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L M DeMarchi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F De Matteis
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V D'Emilio
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Demos
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Dent
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - A Depasse
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R De Pietri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C De Rossi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R De Simone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M C Díaz
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Diaz-Ortiz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N A Didio
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Dietrich
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Di Fronzo
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Di Giovanni
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - T Di Girolamo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Ding
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - S Di Pace
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Di Renzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A K Divakarla
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Dmitriev
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Z Doctor
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - L D'Onofrio
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Doravari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - I Dorrington
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Drago
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Drori
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J-G Ducoin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Dupej
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - O Durante
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P-A Duverne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S E Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P J Easter
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Ebersold
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Eddolls
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B Edelman
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T B Edo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - O Edy
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Eguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - J Eichholz
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - M Eisenmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R A Eisenstein
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ejlli
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Y Enomoto
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - L Errico
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R C Essick
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - H Estellés
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D Estevez
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Z Etienne
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T M Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B E Ewing
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - V Fafone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - H Fair
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Fairhurst
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - X Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - A M Farah
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - W M Farr
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - N W Farrow
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - E J Fauchon-Jones
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Fays
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Fazio
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J Feicht
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Feng
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - E Fenyvesi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem t'er 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - D L Ferguson
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Galiana
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T A Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Figura
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fishbach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R P Fisher
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J M Fishner
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Fittipaldi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - V Fiumara
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Flaminio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Floden
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Flynn
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Fong
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J A Font
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - B Fornal
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - P W F Forsyth
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Franke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Z Frei
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G G Fronzé
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Fujii
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Fujikawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Fukushima
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H A Gabbard
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B U Gadre
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S M Gaebel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Gair
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Gais
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Galaudage
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Gamba
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Ganapathy
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ganguly
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - S G Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Garaventa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C García-Núñez
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C García-Quirós
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Gateley
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Gaudio
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Gayathri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J George
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - L Gergely
- University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - P Gewecke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ghonge
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Abhirup Ghosh
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Shaon Ghosh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - Shrobana Ghosh
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Sourath Ghosh
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Giacomazzo
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Giacoppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D R Gibson
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C Gier
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Giesler
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Giri
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Gissi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - J Glanzer
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A E Gleckl
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - P Godwin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Goetz
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N Gohlke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Goncharov
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Gopakumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Gosselin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Gouaty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - B Grace
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Grado
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Grassia
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Gray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Greco
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A C Green
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Green
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - E M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D Griffith
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Griffiths
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H L Griggs
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G Grignani
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Grimaldi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Grimes
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S J Grimm
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - H Grote
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Gruning
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J G Guerrero
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G M Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A R Guimaraes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Guixé
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - H K Gulati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - H-K Guo
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Y Guo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anchal Gupta
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Gupta
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Guzman
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - S Ha
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - L Haegel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Hagiwara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - O Halim
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E D Hall
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Z Hamilton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W-B Han
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - M Haney
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M D Hannam
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - O A Hannuksela
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H Hansen
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T J Hansen
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Harder
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Hardwick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Haris
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J Harms
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Hartwig
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Hasegawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B Haskell
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R K Hasskew
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C-J Haster
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Hattori
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Hayakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Hayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - F J Hayes
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Healy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M C Heintze
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Heinze
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Heinzel
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - F Hellman
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Hello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Hennes
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M H Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Hernandez Vivanco
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Heurs
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - P Hill
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Himemoto
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - A S Hines
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Y Hiranuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Hirose
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Hochheim
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J N Hohmann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A M Holgado
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N A Holland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - I J Hollows
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Z J Holmes
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D E Holz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - P Hopkins
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - C G Hoy
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Hreibi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Hsieh
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Hsu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - G-Z Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Huang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M T Hübner
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A D Huddart
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - E A Huerta
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D C Y Hui
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - V Hui
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Huxford
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Ide
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - B Idzkowski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Iess
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - B Ikenoue
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Imam
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - K Inayoshi
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Inchauspe
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Ingram
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Y Inoue
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - G Intini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Isi
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Isleif
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - B R Iyer
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - K Izumi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - V JaberianHamedan
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - T Jacqmin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S J Jadhav
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - S P Jadhav
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A L James
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Z Jan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Jani
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - K Janssens
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - N N Janthalur
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Jaranowski
- University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
| | - D Jariwala
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Jaume
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A C Jenkins
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - C Jeon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - M Jeunon
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - W Jia
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Jiang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H-B Jin
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - G R Johns
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A W Jones
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J D Jones
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Jones
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Jung
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - P Jung
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Junker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kaihotsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - T Kajita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Kakizaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - C V Kalaghatgi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Kalogera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Kamai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Kamiizumi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Kanda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Kandhasamy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Kao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S J Kapadia
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D P Kapasi
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Karathanasis
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Karki
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R Kashyap
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Kastaun
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Katsanevas
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Kaur
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Kawaguchi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - F Kéfélian
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Keitel
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J S Key
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - S Khadka
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Y Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I Khan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Khan
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - N Khetan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | | | - N Kijbunchoo
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W S Kim
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - Y-M Kim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - C Kimball
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - P J King
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Kinley-Hanlon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Kirchhoff
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Kita
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L Kleybolte
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A M Knee
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T D Knowles
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - E Knyazev
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Koekoek
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Y Kojima
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan
| | - K Kokeyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Koley
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Kolitsidou
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Kolstein
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Komori
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A K H Kong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - A Kontos
- Bard College, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504, USA
| | - N Koper
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Korobko
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Kotake
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Kovalam
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D B Kozak
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Kozakai
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Kozu
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - V Kringel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N V Krishnendu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - G Kuehn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kuei
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - A Kumar
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Kumar
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - J Kume
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kuns
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Kuo
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - H-S Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Y Kuromiya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Kuroyanagi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Kusayanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - K Kwak
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - S Kwang
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Laghi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lalande
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - T L Lam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - A Lamberts
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B B Lane
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R N Lang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Lange
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I La Rosa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | | | - P D Lasky
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Laxen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Lazzaro
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Leaci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Leavey
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y K Lecoeuche
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H K Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - H W Lee
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K Lee
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J Lehmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Lemaître
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - E Leon
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Levin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J N Leviton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A K Y Li
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Li
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - K L Li
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - T G F Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - X Li
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C-Y Lin
- National Center for High-performance computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
| | - F-K Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - F-L Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H L Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - L C-C Lin
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - F Linde
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S D Linker
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J N Linley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T B Littenberg
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35811, USA
| | - G C Liu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Liu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Llorens-Monteagudo
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - R K L Lo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Lockwood
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M L Lollie
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L T London
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Longo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - D Lopez
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Lorenzini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lough
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C O Lousto
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Lovelace
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Lück
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Lumaca
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A P Lundgren
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - L-W Luo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Macas
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - I A O MacMillan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Macquet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | | | - C Magazzù
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R M Magee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Maggiore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - S Maliakal
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Malik
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - N Man
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J L Mango
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - G L Mansell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Manske
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mantovani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - M Marchio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - F Marion
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Z Mark
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - C Markakis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - A S Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Markowitz
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Marquina
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Marsat
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Martinez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Martinovic
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - D V Martynov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E J Marx
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - K Mason
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Massera
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - A Masserot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T J Massinger
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Masso-Reid
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Mastrogiovanni
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Matas
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Mateu-Lucena
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Matichard
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Matiushechkina
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J McCann
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - P McClincy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S McCormick
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L McCuller
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G I McGhee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - C McIsaac
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J McIver
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D J McManus
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T McRae
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S T McWilliams
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - D Meacher
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A K Mehta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D A Melchor
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Menendez-Vazquez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C S Menoni
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - L Mereni
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Merfeld
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - E L Merilh
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J D Merritt
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Merzougui
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Messick
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P M Meyers
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - F Meylahn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mhaske
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A Miani
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Miao
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y Michimura
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Middleton
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - L Milano
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A L Miller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Millhouse
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J C Mills
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Milotti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M C Milovich-Goff
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - O Minazzoli
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Mio
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ll M Mir
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Mishkin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - T Mishra
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Mistry
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V P Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Miyakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Miyamoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Miyo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Miyoki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Mogushi
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S R P Mohapatra
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S R Mohite
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - I Molina
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Molina-Ruiz
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Mondin
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - M Montani
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - C J Moore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Morawski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A More
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - C Moreno
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Mori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Morisaki
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Moriwaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - B Mours
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Mozzon
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - F Muciaccia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Arunava Mukherjee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - D Mukherjee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Soma Mukherjee
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - N Mukund
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mullavey
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Munch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - E A Muñiz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Musenich
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Nadji
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Nagano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - S Nagano
- The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - H Nakano
- Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
| | - M Nakano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - R Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - I Nardecchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - T Narikawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | | | - B Nayak
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - R K Nayak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - R Negishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - B F Neil
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Neilson
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Nelemans
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T J N Nelson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Nery
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Neunzert
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - K Y Ng
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S W S Ng
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - C Nguyen
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Nguyen
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T Nguyen
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Nguyen Quynh
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - W-T Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S A Nichols
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Nishizawa
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Nissanke
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Noh
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Norman
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - C North
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Nozaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J Oberling
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B D O'Brien
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Y Obuchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - W Ogaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - G Oganesyan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Oh
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - M Ohashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Ohishi
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Ohkawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - F Ohme
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ohta
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M A Okada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Okutani
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Okutomi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - C Olivetto
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Oohara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - C Ooi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Oram
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R G Ormiston
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N D Ormsby
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L F Ortega
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E O'Shea
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - S Oshino
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Ossokine
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Otabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - D J Ottaway
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A E Pace
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Pagano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Page
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Pagliaroli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Pai
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S A Pai
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - J R Palamos
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - O Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Pan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - P K Panda
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - H Pang
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - P T H Pang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Pankow
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F Pannarale
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B C Pant
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paoli
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paolone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Park
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W Parker
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - D Pascucci
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Patel
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Patricelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Payne
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - T C Pechsiri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Pedraza
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pegoraro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Pele
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - F E Peña Arellano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perego
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Pereira
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T Pereira
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - C J Perez
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Périgois
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - A Perreca
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Perriès
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Petermann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Petterson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H P Pfeiffer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - K A Pham
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K S Phukon
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Pichot
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Piendibene
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Pierini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Pillant
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Pilo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - I M Pinto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - B J Piotrzkowski
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Piotrzkowski
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Pirello
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Pitkin
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - E Placidi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - W Plastino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - C Pluchar
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Polini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - D Y T Pong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Ponrathnam
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - P Popolizio
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E K Porter
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Powell
- OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
| | - M Pracchia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A K Prajapati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - K Prasai
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Prasanna
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - G Pratten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Prestegard
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Principe
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - G A Prodi
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Matematica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Prosposito
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Prudenzi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Puecher
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Puosi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Pürrer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - H Qi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - P J Quinonez
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - R Quitzow-James
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F J Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Raaijmakers
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Radulesco
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Raffai
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S X Rail
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - C Rajan
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - K E Ramirez
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - T D Ramirez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Ramos-Buades
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Rana
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - U D Rapol
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - B Ratto
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Raymond
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Raza
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Razzano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Read
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L A Rees
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Rei
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Relton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Rettegno
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C J Richardson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J W Richardson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Richardson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - P M Ricker
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Riemenschneider
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Rizzo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Robie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Robinet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Rocha
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | | | - L Rolland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V J Roma
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Romanelli
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - R Romano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C L Romel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Romero
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I M Romero-Shaw
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C A Rose
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S G Rosofsky
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M P Ross
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rowlinson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh Roy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - Soumen Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - D Rozza
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Sachdev
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Sadecki
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Sadiq
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - N Sago
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Saito
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Sakellariadou
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Sakuno
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - O S Salafia
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Salconi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Saleem
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
| | - F Salemi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Samajdar
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E J Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J H Sanchez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L E Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N Sanchis-Gual
- Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação (CENTRA), Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J R Sanders
- Marquette University, 11420 W. Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - A Sanuy
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - T R Saravanan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Sarin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Satari
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - O Sauter
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R L Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - V Savant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - T Sawada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Sawant
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - H L Sawant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Sayah
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Schaetzl
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Scheel
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Scheuer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | - P Schmidt
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Schnabel
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schneewind
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Schönbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B W Schulte
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Schwartz
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Seidel
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Sekiguchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - N Sennett
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E G Seo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - V Sequino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Setyawati
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Shaffer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M S Shahriar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Shams
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Shao
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Sharifi
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P Sharma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N S Shcheblanov
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - H Shen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Shibagaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Shikauchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Shimizu
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - T Shimoda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Shimode
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Shink
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - H Shinkai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Shoda
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Shoemaker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - K Shukla
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Sieniawska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L P Singer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Singh
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Singh
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Singha
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - V Sipala
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - V Skliris
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T J Slaven-Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Smetana
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - S N Somala
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - K Somiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Soni
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Soni
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Sordini
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - N Sorrentino
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - H Sotani
- iTHEMS (Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program), The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Soulard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - E Sowell
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A P Spencer
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Spera
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A K Srivastava
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - V Srivastava
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Staats
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - C Stachie
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D A Steer
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - D J Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Stover
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L C Strang
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G Stratta
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Strunk
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Sturani
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - A L Stuver
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - J Südbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Sudhagar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Sudhir
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Sugimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - H G Suh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - H Sun
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Sun
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S Sunil
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - A Sur
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Suresh
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - P J Sutton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B L Swinkels
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - P Szewczyk
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Tacca
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Tagoshi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S C Tait
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - R Takahashi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Takamori
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - S Takano
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - C Talbot
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A J Tanasijczuk
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Tanioka
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Tao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Tapia
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - E N Tapia San Martin
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | | | - J D Tasson
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - S Telada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - R Tenorio
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - L Terkowski
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Test
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J E Thompson
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - K A Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - E Thrane
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shubhanshu Tiwari
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srishti Tiwari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - V Tiwari
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - K Toland
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Tolley
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - T Tomaru
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Tomigami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomura
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Torres-Forné
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Tosta E Melo
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - D Töyrä
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Trapananti
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M C Tringali
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Tripathee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Troiano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali-Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Trovato
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - L Trozzo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R J Trudeau
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D S Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - D Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K W Tsang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T Tsang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J-S Tsao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - M Tse
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Tso
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Tsubono
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Tsuchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - L Tsukada
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Tsuna
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsutsui
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsuzuki
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Turconi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Tuyenbayev
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - A S Ubhi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Uchikata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Uchiyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R P Udall
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Ueda
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Ueno
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Ueshima
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - F Uraguchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A L Urban
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Ushiba
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S A Usman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A C Utina
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - H Vahlbruch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Vajpeyi
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Valdes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Valentini
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Valsan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - N van Bakel
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - C Van Den Broeck
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - J V van Heijningen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M H P M van Putten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - N van Remortel
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Vardaro
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A F Vargas
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Varma
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Veitch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Venneberg
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Venugopalan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Verma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - D Veske
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - F Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A D Viets
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - V Villa-Ortega
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Vo
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E R G von Reis
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S P Vyatchanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - L E Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - M Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K J Wagner
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R C Walet
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Walker
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G S Wallace
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - J Z Wang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - W H Wang
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - R L Ward
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Warner
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Was
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Washimi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Y Washington
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Watchi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Weinert
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C M Weller
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - F Wellmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Wen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Weßels
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J W Westhouse
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - K Wette
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D White
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Whittle
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Wilken
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M J Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A R Williamson
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J L Willis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D J Wilson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - W Winkler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Wlodarczyk
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Woehler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J K Wofford
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I C F Wong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J Wrangel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D S Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D M Wysocki
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Xiao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W-R Xu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Yamashita
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - F W Yang
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Yang
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Z Yang
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M J Yap
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - D W Yeeles
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A B Yelikar
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Ying
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - J Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Yokozawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Yoon
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hang Yu
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Haocun Yu
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Yuzurihara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - A Zadrożny
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - M Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Zeidler
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Zelenova
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zevin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - J Zhang
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Zhang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Zhao
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Zhao
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Zhao
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Z Zhou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - X J Zhu
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Z-H Zhu
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams A, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Aleman KM, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Ansoldi S, Antelis JM, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Aronson SM, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Auclair P, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer AM, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baiotti L, Baird J, Bajpai R, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Bals M, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Bankar RS, Barayoga JC, Barbieri C, Barish BC, Barker D, Barneo P, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Baylor AC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, 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AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbott
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T D Abbott
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Abraham
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - F Acernese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - K Ackley
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Adams
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Adams
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R X Adhikari
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V B Adya
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Affeldt
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Agarwal
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Agathos
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Agatsuma
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Aggarwal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - O D Aguiar
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Aiello
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Ain
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Ajith
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - T Akutsu
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - K M Aleman
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Allen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Allocca
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - P A Altin
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Amato
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Anand
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Ananyeva
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S B Anderson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W G Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Ando
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S V Angelova
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Ansoldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J M Antelis
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Antier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - S Appert
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Koya Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Arai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Arai
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Araki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Araya
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - M C Araya
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J S Areeda
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Arène
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - N Aritomi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S M Aronson
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H Asada
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Y Asali
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - G Ashton
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Aso
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S M Aston
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Astone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Aubin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Auclair
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Aufmuth
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K AultONeal
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - C Austin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - S Babak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Badaracco
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M K M Bader
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bae
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Y Bae
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - A M Baer
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Bagnasco
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Bai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Baiotti
- International College, Osaka University, Toyonaka City, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - J Baird
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - R Bajpai
- School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Ball
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - G Ballardin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S W Ballmer
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M Bals
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - A Balsamo
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Baltus
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - S Banagiri
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - R S Bankar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J C Barayoga
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Barbieri
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - B C Barish
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Barker
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Barneo
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - S Barnum
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Barone
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, "Chirurgia e Odontoiatria Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - B Barr
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Barsotti
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Barsuglia
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Barta
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - J Bartlett
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M A Barton
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Bartos
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Bassiri
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Bawaj
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J C Bayley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A C Baylor
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Bazzan
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B Bécsy
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - V M Bedakihale
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - M Bejger
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Belahcene
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - V Benedetto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - D Beniwal
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - M G Benjamin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - T F Bennett
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J D Bentley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M BenYaala
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Bergamin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B K Berger
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Bernuzzi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - A Bertolini
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Betzwieser
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R Bhandare
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - A V Bhandari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - D Bhattacharjee
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S Bhaumik
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Bidler
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - I A Bilenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - G Billingsley
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Birney
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - O Birnholtz
- Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - S Biscans
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Bischi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Biscoveanu
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Bisht
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Biswas
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M Bitossi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M-A Bizouard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - J K Blackburn
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Blackman
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C D Blair
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D G Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R M Blair
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Bobba
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - N Bode
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Boer
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - G Bogaert
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Boldrini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Bondu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - E Bonilla
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Bonnand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - P Booker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B A Boom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Bork
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V Boschi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - N Bose
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S Bose
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Bossilkov
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - V Boudart
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Y Bouffanais
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Bozzi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - P R Brady
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A Bramley
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Branch
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - M Breschi
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Briant
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J H Briggs
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Brillet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Brockill
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - A F Brooks
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Brooks
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - D D Brown
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S Brunett
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Bruno
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R Bruntz
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Bryant
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Buikema
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H J Bulten
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Buonanno
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Buscicchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Buskulic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Cadonati
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Caesar
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - G Cagnoli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Cahillane
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H W Cain
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - J Calderón Bustillo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J D Callaghan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T A Callister
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - E Calloni
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - J B Camp
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Canepa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Cannavacciuolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - K C Cannon
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Cao
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - J Cao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Z Cao
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - E Capocasa
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Capote
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Carapella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Carbognani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J B Carlin
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - M F Carney
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Carpinelli
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - G Carullo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T L Carver
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Casanueva Diaz
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Casentini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Castaldi
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Caudill
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Cavaglià
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Cavalieri
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cella
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Cerdá-Durán
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - E Cesarini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - W Chaibi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - K Chakravarti
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Champion
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C-H Chan
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C Chan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C L Chan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - M Chan
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - K Chandra
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - P Chanial
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Chao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - P Charlton
- OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - E A Chase
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - D Chatterjee
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - K Chatziioannou
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - A Chen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - C Chen
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - H Y Chen
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - X Chen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-B Chen
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y-R Chen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Z Chen
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H Cheng
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C K Cheong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Cheung
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Chia
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - F Chiadini
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C-Y Chiang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Chierici
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M L Chiofalo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Chiummo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cho
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - H S Cho
- Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - S Choate
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - R K Choudhary
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Choudhary
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Christensen
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - H Chu
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Q Chu
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Y-K Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Chua
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - K W Chung
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - G Ciani
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Ciecielag
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cieślar
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cifaldi
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A A Ciobanu
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Ciolfi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - F Cipriano
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - A Cirone
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - F Clara
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E N Clark
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - J A Clark
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - L Clarke
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - P Clearwater
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S Clesse
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - F Cleva
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - E Coccia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P-F Cohadon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D E Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L Cohen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Colleoni
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C G Collette
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - M Colpi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C M Compton
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Constancio
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Conti
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S J Cooper
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Corban
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T R Corbitt
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - I Cordero-Carrión
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Corezzi
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - K R Corley
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - N Cornish
- Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - D Corre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Corsi
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - S Cortese
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - C A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Cotesta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M W Coughlin
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S B Coughlin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J-P Coulon
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | - B Cousins
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Couvares
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P B Covas
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Coward
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - M J Cowart
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D C Coyne
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Coyne
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - J D E Creighton
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T D Creighton
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - A W Criswell
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Croquette
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S G Crowder
- Bellevue College, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - J R Cudell
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - T J Cullen
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Cumming
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Cummings
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Cuoco
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Curyło
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Dal Canton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Dálya
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Dana
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L M DaneshgaranBajastani
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - B D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Danilishin
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S D'Antonio
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - K Danzmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Dasgupta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - L E H Datrier
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Dattilo
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Dave
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G S Davies
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Davis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E J Daw
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - R Dean
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - M Deenadayalan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - J Degallaix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M De Laurentis
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Deléglise
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - V Del Favero
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F De Lillo
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - N De Lillo
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W Del Pozzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L M DeMarchi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F De Matteis
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - V D'Emilio
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Demos
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Dent
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - A Depasse
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R De Pietri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C De Rossi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R DeSalvo
- University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
| | - R De Simone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Dhurandhar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - M C Díaz
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - M Diaz-Ortiz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N A Didio
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - T Dietrich
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Di Fronzo
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Di Giovanni
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - T Di Girolamo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Di Lieto
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Ding
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - S Di Pace
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - I Di Palma
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Di Renzo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A K Divakarla
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A Dmitriev
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Z Doctor
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - L D'Onofrio
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Donovan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K L Dooley
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Doravari
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - I Dorrington
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Drago
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J C Driggers
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Drori
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Du
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J-G Ducoin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - P Dupej
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - O Durante
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P-A Duverne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - S E Dwyer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P J Easter
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Ebersold
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Eddolls
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B Edelman
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T B Edo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - O Edy
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - A Effler
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Eguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - J Eichholz
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | - M Eisenmann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R A Eisenstein
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ejlli
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Y Enomoto
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - L Errico
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R C Essick
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - H Estellés
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D Estevez
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Z Etienne
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - T Etzel
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Evans
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T M Evans
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B E Ewing
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - V Fafone
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - H Fair
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Fairhurst
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - X Fan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - A M Farah
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Farinon
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B Farr
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - W M Farr
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - N W Farrow
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - E J Fauchon-Jones
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Favata
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Fays
- Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - M Fazio
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J Feicht
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Feng
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - E Fenyvesi
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem t'er 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - D L Ferguson
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Galiana
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I Ferrante
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - T A Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Fidecaro
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Figura
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Fiori
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fishbach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R P Fisher
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J M Fishner
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Fittipaldi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - V Fiumara
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - R Flaminio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Floden
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E Flynn
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Fong
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J A Font
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - B Fornal
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - P W F Forsyth
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Franke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Frasca
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Frasconi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Z Frei
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - A Freise
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Frey
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - P Fritschel
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V V Frolov
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G G Fronzé
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Y Fujii
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Fujikawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Fukushima
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - P Fulda
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Fyffe
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - H A Gabbard
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B U Gadre
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S M Gaebel
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Gair
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Gais
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Galaudage
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Gamba
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Ganapathy
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ganguly
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - S G Gaonkar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Garaventa
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - C García-Núñez
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C García-Quirós
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Garufi
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Gateley
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Gaudio
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Gayathri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - G Gemme
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Gennai
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J George
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - L Gergely
- University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - P Gewecke
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ghonge
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Abhirup Ghosh
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Shaon Ghosh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - Shrobana Ghosh
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Sourath Ghosh
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Giacomazzo
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Giacoppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Giaime
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - K D Giardina
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D R Gibson
- SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Pennsylvania1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - C Gier
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Giesler
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Giri
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Gissi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - J Glanzer
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A E Gleckl
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - P Godwin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Goetz
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R Goetz
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - N Gohlke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Goncharov
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G González
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Gopakumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - M Gosselin
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Gouaty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - B Grace
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Grado
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Granata
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Grant
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Gras
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Grassia
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Gray
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Gray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Greco
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A C Green
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Green
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - E M Gretarsson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D Griffith
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Griffiths
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - H L Griggs
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - G Grignani
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Grimaldi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Grimes
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S J Grimm
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - H Grote
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Grunewald
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Gruning
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J G Guerrero
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G M Guidi
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A R Guimaraes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Guixé
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - H K Gulati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - H-K Guo
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Y Guo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anchal Gupta
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Gupta
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E K Gustafson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Gustafson
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Guzman
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - S Ha
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - L Haegel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Hagiwara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - O Halim
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E D Hall
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Z Hamilton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - G Hammond
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - W-B Han
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - M Haney
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Hanks
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Hanna
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M D Hannam
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - O A Hannuksela
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - H Hansen
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T J Hansen
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J Hanson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Harder
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Hardwick
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Haris
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J Harms
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - G M Harry
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - I W Harry
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Hartwig
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Hasegawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B Haskell
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R K Hasskew
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C-J Haster
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Hattori
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K Haughian
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Hayakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Hayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - F J Hayes
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Healy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Heidmann
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M C Heintze
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Heinze
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Heinzel
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - H Heitmann
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - F Hellman
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Hello
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - G Hemming
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Hendry
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I S Heng
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E Hennes
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M H Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Hernandez Vivanco
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Heurs
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hild
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - P Hill
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Himemoto
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - A S Hines
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Y Hiranuma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - E Hirose
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Hochheim
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hofman
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J N Hohmann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A M Holgado
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N A Holland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - I J Hollows
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Z J Holmes
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Holt
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - D E Holz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - P Hopkins
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Hough
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E J Howell
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - C G Hoy
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Hreibi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Hsieh
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Hsu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - G-Z Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Huang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M T Hübner
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - A D Huddart
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - E A Huerta
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - B Hughey
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - D C Y Hui
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - V Hui
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - S Husa
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S H Huttner
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Huxford
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Huynh-Dinh
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - S Ide
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - B Idzkowski
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Iess
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - B Ikenoue
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - S Imam
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - K Inayoshi
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Inchauspe
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Ingram
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Y Inoue
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - G Intini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Isi
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Isleif
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y Itoh
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - B R Iyer
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - K Izumi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - V JaberianHamedan
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - T Jacqmin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S J Jadhav
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - S P Jadhav
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A L James
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A Z Jan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Jani
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - K Janssens
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - N N Janthalur
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Jaranowski
- University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
| | - D Jariwala
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Jaume
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A C Jenkins
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - C Jeon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - M Jeunon
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - W Jia
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Jiang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - H-B Jin
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - G R Johns
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A W Jones
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D I Jones
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - J D Jones
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - P Jones
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Jones
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R J G Jonker
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Ju
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Jung
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - P Jung
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - J Junker
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Kaihotsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - T Kajita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M Kakizaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - C V Kalaghatgi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Kalogera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Kamai
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Kamiizumi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Kanda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - S Kandhasamy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - G Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - J B Kanner
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Kao
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S J Kapadia
- International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - D P Kapasi
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Karathanasis
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Karki
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R Kashyap
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Kasprzack
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W Kastaun
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Katsanevas
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Katsavounidis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Katzman
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - T Kaur
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - K Kawabe
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Kawaguchi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - N Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - F Kéfélian
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Keitel
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J S Key
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - S Khadka
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - F Y Khalili
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - I Khan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S Khan
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E A Khazanov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - N Khetan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | | | - N Kijbunchoo
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W S Kim
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - Y-M Kim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - C Kimball
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N Kimura
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - P J King
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Kinley-Hanlon
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Kirchhoff
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J S Kissel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Kita
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Kitazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L Kleybolte
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Klimenko
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - A M Knee
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - T D Knowles
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - E Knyazev
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Koekoek
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Y Kojima
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 903-0213, Japan
| | - K Kokeyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Koley
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Kolitsidou
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M Kolstein
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Komori
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Kondrashov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A K H Kong
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - A Kontos
- Bard College, 30 Campus Rd, Annandale-On-Hudson, New York 12504, USA
| | - N Koper
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Korobko
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Kotake
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Kovalam
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - D B Kozak
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Kozakai
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Kozu
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - V Kringel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N V Krishnendu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Królak
- Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - G Kuehn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Kuei
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - A Kumar
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - P Kumar
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - J Kume
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kuns
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Kuo
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - H-S Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Y Kuromiya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Kuroyanagi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Kusayanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - K Kwak
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - S Kwang
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Laghi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lalande
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - T L Lam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - A Lamberts
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Landry
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B B Lane
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R N Lang
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Lange
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B Lantz
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - I La Rosa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | | | - P D Lasky
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Laxen
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A Lazzarini
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Lazzaro
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Leaci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Leavey
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y K Lecoeuche
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H K Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - H W Lee
- Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - K Lee
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Lee
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J Lehmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Lemaître
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - E Leon
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Leonardi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - N Letendre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Levin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J N Leviton
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - A K Y Li
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Li
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - K L Li
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - T G F Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - X Li
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C-Y Lin
- National Center for High-performance computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
| | - F-K Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - F-L Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - H L Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - L C-C Lin
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - F Linde
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S D Linker
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J N Linley
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T B Littenberg
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35811, USA
| | - G C Liu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Liu
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - X Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Llorens-Monteagudo
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - R K L Lo
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Lockwood
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M L Lollie
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L T London
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Longo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - D Lopez
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Lorenzini
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - M Lormand
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - G Losurdo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Lough
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C O Lousto
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Lovelace
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - H Lück
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Lumaca
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A P Lundgren
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - L-W Luo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - R Macas
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - M MacInnis
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Macleod
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - I A O MacMillan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Macquet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | | | | | - C Magazzù
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R M Magee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Maggiore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E Majorana
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - S Maliakal
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Malik
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - N Man
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - V Mandic
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Mangano
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J L Mango
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - G L Mansell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Manske
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mantovani
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Marchesoni
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - M Marchio
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - F Marion
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Z Mark
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Z Márka
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - C Markakis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - A S Markosyan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Markowitz
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - E Maros
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Marquina
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - S Marsat
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - F Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - I W Martin
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R M Martin
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Martinez
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Martinovic
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - D V Martynov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - E J Marx
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - K Mason
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Massera
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - A Masserot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T J Massinger
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Masso-Reid
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Mastrogiovanni
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - A Matas
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Mateu-Lucena
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Matichard
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Matiushechkina
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Mavalvala
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J J McCann
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - R McCarthy
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D E McClelland
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - P McClincy
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S McCormick
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - L McCuller
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G I McGhee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S C McGuire
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - C McIsaac
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J McIver
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D J McManus
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T McRae
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S T McWilliams
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - D Meacher
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Mehmet
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A K Mehta
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Melatos
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D A Melchor
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - G Mendell
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Menendez-Vazquez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C S Menoni
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R A Mercer
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - L Mereni
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K Merfeld
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - E L Merilh
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J D Merritt
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Merzougui
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Meshkov
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C Messenger
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Messick
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P M Meyers
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - F Meylahn
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mhaske
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - A Miani
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Miao
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Michel
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y Michimura
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Middleton
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - L Milano
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A L Miller
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Millhouse
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J C Mills
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Milotti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M C Milovich-Goff
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - O Minazzoli
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Y Minenkov
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Mio
- Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ll M Mir
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Mishkin
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - T Mishra
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Mistry
- The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - S Mitra
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V P Mitrofanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - R Mittleman
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Miyakawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Miyamoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Miyo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Miyoki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - Geoffrey Mo
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Mogushi
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - S R P Mohapatra
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S R Mohite
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - I Molina
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - M Molina-Ruiz
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Mondin
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - M Montani
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - C J Moore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - D Moraru
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F Morawski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A More
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - C Moreno
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - G Moreno
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Y Mori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - S Morisaki
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Moriwaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - B Mours
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - C M Mow-Lowry
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - S Mozzon
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - F Muciaccia
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Arunava Mukherjee
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India
| | - D Mukherjee
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Soma Mukherjee
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | | | - N Mukund
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Mullavey
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - J Munch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - E A Muñiz
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - P G Murray
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Musenich
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S L Nadji
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Nagano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
| | - S Nagano
- The Applied Electromagnetic Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - H Nakano
- Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
| | - M Nakano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - R Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - I Nardecchia
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - T Narikawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | | | - B Nayak
- California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - R K Nayak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - R Negishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - B F Neil
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Neilson
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Nelemans
- Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T J N Nelson
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M Nery
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Neunzert
- University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA
| | - K Y Ng
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S W S Ng
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - C Nguyen
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Nguyen
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T Nguyen
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Nguyen Quynh
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - W-T Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S A Nichols
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Nishizawa
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Nissanke
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Nocera
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Noh
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Norman
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - C North
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - S Nozaki
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - L K Nuttall
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J Oberling
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B D O'Brien
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Y Obuchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - J O'Dell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - W Ogaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - G Oganesyan
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - J J Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Oh
- Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea, Korea
| | - S H Oh
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - M Ohashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - N Ohishi
- Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Ohkawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - F Ohme
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ohta
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M A Okada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Okutani
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Okutomi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - C Olivetto
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Oohara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - C Ooi
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Oram
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - B O'Reilly
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - R G Ormiston
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - N D Ormsby
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L F Ortega
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R O'Shaughnessy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E O'Shea
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - S Oshino
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Ossokine
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Osthelder
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Otabe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - D J Ottaway
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - H Overmier
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A E Pace
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Pagano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Page
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Pagliaroli
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - A Pai
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - S A Pai
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - J R Palamos
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - O Palashov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - C Palomba
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - K Pan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - P K Panda
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - H Pang
- Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - P T H Pang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Pankow
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - F Pannarale
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B C Pant
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - F Paoletti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paoli
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paolone
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Parisi
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - J Park
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - W Parker
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
- Southern University and AandM College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - D Pascucci
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Pasqualetti
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Passaquieti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M Patel
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Patricelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Payne
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - T C Pechsiri
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Pedraza
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Pegoraro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Pele
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - F E Peña Arellano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - S Penn
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
| | - A Perego
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Pereira
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T Pereira
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - C J Perez
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Périgois
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - A Perreca
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Perriès
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Petermann
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Petterson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H P Pfeiffer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - K A Pham
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K S Phukon
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - M Pichot
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - M Piendibene
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Piergiovanni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Pierini
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Pierro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Pillant
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Pilo
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Pinard
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - I M Pinto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - B J Piotrzkowski
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - K Piotrzkowski
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Pirello
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Pitkin
- Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - E Placidi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - W Plastino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | - C Pluchar
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - R Poggiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Polini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - D Y T Pong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - S Ponrathnam
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - P Popolizio
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E K Porter
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Powell
- OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
| | - M Pracchia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Pradier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A K Prajapati
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - K Prasai
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Prasanna
- Directorate of Construction, Services and Estate Management, Mumbai 400094 India
| | - G Pratten
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - T Prestegard
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - M Principe
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - G A Prodi
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Matematica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Prokhorov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P Prosposito
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L Prudenzi
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Puecher
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Punturo
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Puosi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Puppo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M Pürrer
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - H Qi
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - V Quetschke
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - P J Quinonez
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - R Quitzow-James
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - F J Raab
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - G Raaijmakers
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Radkins
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N Radulesco
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - P Raffai
- MTA-ELTE Astrophysics Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - S X Rail
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - S Raja
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - C Rajan
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - K E Ramirez
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - T D Ramirez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - A Ramos-Buades
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Rana
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Rapagnani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - U D Rapol
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - B Ratto
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - V Raymond
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - N Raza
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M Razzano
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Read
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L A Rees
- American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - T Regimbau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - L Rei
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - S Reid
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - D H Reitze
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - P Relton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - P Rettegno
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F Ricci
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C J Richardson
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - J W Richardson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - L Richardson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - P M Ricker
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Riemenschneider
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Riles
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M Rizzo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - N A Robertson
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Robie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Robinet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Rocchi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - J A Rocha
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | | | - L Rolland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - J G Rollins
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - V J Roma
- University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - M Romanelli
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - R Romano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C L Romel
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Romero
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I M Romero-Shaw
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - J H Romie
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - C A Rose
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - D Rosińska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S G Rosofsky
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M P Ross
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Rowan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S J Rowlinson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh Roy
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - Soumen Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - D Rozza
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - P Ruggi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Ryan
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Sachdev
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T Sadecki
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J Sadiq
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - N Sago
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Saito
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - M Sakellariadou
- King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Sakuno
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - O S Salafia
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
| | - L Salconi
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Saleem
- Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
| | - F Salemi
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Samajdar
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E J Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J H Sanchez
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - L E Sanchez
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - N Sanchis-Gual
- Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação (CENTRA), Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J R Sanders
- Marquette University, 11420 W. Clybourn Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
| | - A Sanuy
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - T R Saravanan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Sarin
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Sassolas
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - H Satari
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - S Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei City, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - O Sauter
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - R L Savage
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - V Savant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - T Sawada
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - D Sawant
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - H L Sawant
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Sayah
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis (IP2I) de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Schaetzl
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Scheel
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Scheuer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | - P Schmidt
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - R Schnabel
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schneewind
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - A Schönbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B W Schulte
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B F Schutz
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - E Schwartz
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - J Scott
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S M Scott
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - E Seidel
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Sekiguchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - D Sellers
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - A S Sengupta
- Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - N Sennett
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Sentenac
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - E G Seo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - V Sequino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Y Setyawati
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Shaffer
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M S Shahriar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - B Shams
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Shao
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S Sharifi
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
| | - P Sharma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - P Shawhan
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N S Shcheblanov
- NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - H Shen
- NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - S Shibagaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - M Shikauchi
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - R Shimizu
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - T Shimoda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Shimode
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R Shink
- Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - H Shinkai
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
| | - T Shishido
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Shoda
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D H Shoemaker
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Shoemaker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - K Shukla
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Sieniawska
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Sigg
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L P Singer
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Singh
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Singh
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Singha
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A M Sintes
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - V Sipala
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - V Skliris
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - B J J Slagmolen
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - T J Slaven-Blair
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J Smetana
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - J R Smith
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - R J E Smith
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - S N Somala
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - K Somiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - E J Son
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, South Korea
| | - K Soni
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - S Soni
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - B Sorazu
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V Sordini
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - N Sorrentino
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - H Sotani
- iTHEMS (Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program), The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Soulard
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - T Souradeep
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - E Sowell
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A P Spencer
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Spera
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A K Srivastava
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - V Srivastava
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - K Staats
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - C Stachie
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D A Steer
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - S Steinlechner
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - D J Stops
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M Stover
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K A Strain
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L C Strang
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G Stratta
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Strunk
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Sturani
- International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - A L Stuver
- Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - J Südbeck
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Sudhagar
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
| | - V Sudhir
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Sugimoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
- Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - H G Suh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - H Sun
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Sun
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - S Sunil
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - A Sur
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Suresh
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - P J Sutton
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - B L Swinkels
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - P Szewczyk
- Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Tacca
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Tagoshi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S C Tait
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - R Takahashi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A Takamori
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - S Takano
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - C Talbot
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Tanaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - A J Tanasijczuk
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Tanioka
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - D B Tanner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Tao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Tapia
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - E N Tapia San Martin
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | | | - J D Tasson
- Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
| | - S Telada
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - R Tenorio
- Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - L Terkowski
- Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Test
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | | | - M Thomas
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - P Thomas
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J E Thompson
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - K A Thorne
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - E Thrane
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shubhanshu Tiwari
- Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srishti Tiwari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - V Tiwari
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - K Toland
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A E Tolley
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - T Tomaru
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Y Tomigami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomura
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - M Tonelli
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Torres-Forné
- Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - C I Torrie
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - I Tosta E Melo
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - D Töyrä
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Trapananti
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - F Travasso
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - G Traylor
- LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
| | - M C Tringali
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Tripathee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - L Troiano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali-Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Trovato
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - L Trozzo
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R J Trudeau
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D S Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - D Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K W Tsang
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T Tsang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J-S Tsao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - M Tse
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Tso
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Tsubono
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Tsuchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - L Tsukada
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Tsuna
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsutsui
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Tsuzuki
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - M Turconi
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - D Tuyenbayev
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - A S Ubhi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - N Uchikata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Uchiyama
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - R P Udall
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Ueda
- Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Uehara
- Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - K Ueno
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - G Ueshima
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - D Ugolini
- Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
| | | | - F Uraguchi
- Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - A L Urban
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Ushiba
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S A Usman
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A C Utina
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - H Vahlbruch
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Vajente
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - A Vajpeyi
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Valdes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - M Valentini
- Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Valsan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - N van Bakel
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J F J van den Brand
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, 6200 Maryland, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - C Van Den Broeck
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - J V van Heijningen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M H P M van Putten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - N van Remortel
- Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Vardaro
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A F Vargas
- OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Varma
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Vasúth
- Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
| | - A Vecchio
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - G Vedovato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - J Veitch
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Veitch
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K Venkateswara
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J Venneberg
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Venugopalan
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Verkindt
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - Y Verma
- RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - D Veske
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - F Vetrano
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - A Viceré
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - A D Viets
- Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA
| | - V Villa-Ortega
- IGFAE, Campus Sur, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
| | - J-Y Vinet
- Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
| | - S Vitale
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Vo
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Vocca
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E R G von Reis
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - C Vorvick
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S P Vyatchanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - L E Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - M Wade
- Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - K J Wagner
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R C Walet
- Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Walker
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G S Wallace
- SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - L Wallace
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Walsh
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - J Z Wang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - W H Wang
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - R L Ward
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Warner
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Was
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy, France
| | - T Washimi
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - N Y Washington
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Watchi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - B Weaver
- LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Weinert
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A J Weinstein
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Weiss
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C M Weller
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - F Wellmann
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Wen
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - P Weßels
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J W Westhouse
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - K Wette
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J T Whelan
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D White
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
| | - B F Whiting
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - C Whittle
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Wilken
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M J Williams
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A R Williamson
- University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - J L Willis
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Willke
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D J Wilson
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - W Winkler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C C Wipf
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Wlodarczyk
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - G Woan
- SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Woehler
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J K Wofford
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I C F Wong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J Wrangel
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D S Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - S Wu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - D M Wysocki
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Xiao
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - W-R Xu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - T Yamada
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - K Yamashita
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - F W Yang
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - L Yang
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Z Yang
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M J Yap
- OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - D W Yeeles
- Gravity Exploration Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - A B Yelikar
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Ying
- National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - K Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - J Yokoyama
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Yokozawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
| | - A Yoon
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hang Yu
- CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Haocun Yu
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Yuzurihara
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - A Zadrożny
- National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
| | - M Zanolin
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
| | - S Zeidler
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Zelenova
- European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
| | - J-P Zendri
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zevin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - J Zhang
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - L Zhang
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - T Zhang
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - C Zhao
- OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - G Zhao
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Zhao
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
| | - Z Zhou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - X J Zhu
- OzGrav, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Z-H Zhu
- Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - M E Zucker
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zweizig
- LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Itou C, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S. Endoluminal Cooling of the Esophagus during Percutaneous Thermal Ablation for Juxtaesophageal Liver Neoplasm: Two Cases. The Arab Journal of Interventional Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThermal injury to the surrounding hollow organs should be avoided during thermal ablation therapy. Although this type of injury is rare, severe complications, such as perforation or stricture, have been reported. Despite the development of various adjunctive thermoprotection techniques, there are a few reports of their use for protecting the esophagus during liver ablation therapy. Endoluminal irrigation is a well-known technique for protecting hollow organs, such as the biliary tract, renal pelvis, ureter, and rectum; however, it is used infrequently for avoiding thermal injury to the esophagus. There may be hesitation in treating juxtaesophageal liver tumors with conventional ultrasound-guided ablation because the location restricts the ultrasonic window due to the poor visibility. We successfully treated two consecutive cases of juxtaesophageal liver tumor with computed tomography-guided ablation by applying endoluminal irrigation and cooling via a 12-French nasal feeding tube placed in the lower esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Koretsune Y, Sone M, Arai Y, Sugawara S, Itou C, Kimura S, Kusumoto M. Feasibility and Safety of the Craniocaudal Approach for Superior Sulcus Lesions of the Thorax. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:1456-1461. [PMID: 33977327 PMCID: PMC8382621 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the craniocaudal approach for superior sulcus lesions of the thorax. Material and Methods Between October 2010 and December 2020, the data from 22 consecutive patients who underwent drainage or biopsy using a craniocaudal trajectory were retrospectively reviewed. The craniocaudal approach was applied for patients in which the fluid collection or tumor was limited to the superior thoracic sulcus lesion or otherwise inaccessible owing to intervening structures such as pleural dissemination. The indications for this procedure were drainage in 20 patients and biopsy in 2 patients. Technical success, procedure time, complications, and clinical success were evaluated. Results Technical and clinical success were achieved in all patients, and no major complications were found. The median procedure time was 25 min (range 15–40 min). This procedure was performed with fluoroscopic guidance in 11 patients and ultrasound guidance in 11 patients. The routes of needle passage were the first intercostal space (n = 16), the second intercostal space (n = 5), and between the clavicle and the first rib (n = 1). Conclusion The craniocaudal approach for superior sulcus lesions might be a safe and feasible option for patients in which the conventional intercostal approach is difficult. Level of Evidence Retrospective cohort study. Level 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Koretsune
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 1040045, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of splanchnic nerve neurolysis (SNN) with angio-CT, a hybrid system combining computed tomography (CT) with X-ray fluoroscopy. METHODS Thirty-three SNN procedures with angio-CT performed in 30 patients with severe epigastric cancer pain (11 males and 19 females; median age, 57 years; age range, 19-79 years) between January 2010 and July 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoints were the technical success and adverse event rates. The secondary endpoints included the clinical success rate, defined as a reduction in the numerical rating scale for pain score or a decrease in the consumption of analgesics on day 1 and at 1-2 weeks after the procedure; procedure time; the number of needle punctures; amount of ethanol required; and the distribution of contrast medium in the retrocrural space. These endpoints were compared with previous studies that did not employ the angio-CT system. RESULTS The technical success rate was 96.97%. There were two procedure-related adverse events (one retroperitoneal hemorrhage, one pneumothorax). The clinical success rates on day 1 and at 1-2 weeks after the procedure were 84.38% and 87.5%, respectively. The median procedure time was 60 minutes. The median number of needles used was 2. The median amount of ethanol used was 20 mL. CONCLUSION SNN under angio-CT is safe and effective, with excellent technical and clinical success rates and acceptable adverse event rates. These results are comparable with previous studies that did not involve angio-CT. However, the use of angio-CT allows for easier needle positioning and an earlier response to complications compared with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Wada
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kudo M, Ueshima K, Ikeda M, Torimura T, Aikata H, Izumi N, Yamasaki T, Hino K, Kuzuya T, Isoda N, Yasui K, Aino H, Ido A, Kawabe N, Nakao K, Wada Y, Yoshimura K, Okusaka T, Furuse J, Arai Y. TACTICS: Final overall survival (OS) data from a randomized, open label, multicenter, phase II trial of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy in combination with sorafenib as compared with TACE alone in patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
270 Background: To date many trials have been conducted to compare the efficacy and toxicity between TACE plus molecular targeted agents and TACE alone; all of them failed to show its clinical benefit in terms of progression free survival (PFS) or OS. In TACTICS trial (NCT01217034) TACE plus sorafenib significantly improved PFS over TACE alone in patients with unresectable HCC. ( Gut 2020;69:1374-1376). Here we will report a final OS analysis from TACTICS trial with predefined mature OS events. Methods: Patients with unresectable HCC were randomized to TACE plus sorafenib (n=80) or TACE alone (n=76). Patients in the combination group received sorafenib 400 mg once daily for 2–3 weeks before TACE, followed by 800 mg twice daily during on-demand conventional TACE sessions until time to untreatable (unTACEable) progression (TTUP), defined as untreatable tumor progression, transient deterioration to Child-Pugh C or appearance of vascular invasion/extrahepatic spread. Co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), which is defined as TTUP, or time to any cause of death and OS. Multiplicity was adjusted by gatekeeping hierarchical testing. Results: At the cut-off date of July 31, 2020, 131 OS events were observed. Median OS was 36.2 mo with TACE plus sorafenib vs 30.8 mo with TACE alone (HR, 0.861 [95%CI, 0.607, 1.223]; P=0.40). ΔOS was 5.4 mo. Updated PFS was 22.8 mo with TACE plus sorafenib vs 13.5 mo with TACE alone (HR, 0.661[95%CI, 0.466, 0.938]; P=0.02). Post-trial treatments with active procedures/agents were observed in 47 (58.8%) in TACE plus sorafenib and in 58 (76.3%) with TACE alone. Anticancer procedures in TACE alone group include resection/ablation in 14, transarterial therapy in 53 and radiation in 7. Anticancer medications in TACE alone include targeted agents in 40 (29 sorafenib, 5 regorafenib, 3 lenvatinib, 3 ramucirumab), other systemic chemotherapy in 5 and immunotherapy in 5. Safety was consistent with the primary analysis, with no new signals identified. Conclusion: In TACTICS, TACE plus sorafenib did not show OS benefit as compared with TACE alone although significantly better PFS was consistently observed. OS in TACE plus sorafenib in TACTICS trial showed the longest OS (36.2 mo) with the longest ΔOS (5.4 mo) as compared with the previous 5 TACE combination trials. The major reason for negative OS result was speculated that many post-trial active treatments were performed in control arm (76.3%), which implies that OS endpoint in TACE combination trial may not be feasible anymore in current era of sequential therapy with many active locoregional and systemic treatments. Clinical trial information: NCT01217034.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Aino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Social Insurance Tagawa Hospital, Tagawa, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawabe
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Wada
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Translation Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Furuse
- Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Arai Y. Interventional Radiology for Whom. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:633-634. [PMID: 33474603 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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Onishi Y, Arai Y, Sone M, Sugawara S, Itou C, Kimura S. Percutaneous Transhepatic Biopsy for Extrahepatic Lesions. The Arab Journal of Interventional Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose The purpose was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic biopsy for extrahepatic lesions.
Materials and Methods Between January 2008 and December 2019, 26 patients (17 men and 9 women; median age, 60 years) underwent percutaneous transhepatic needle biopsy for extrahepatic lesions at our institution. Transhepatic biopsy was deemed appropriate compared with other biopsy routes or methods (i.e., endoscopic or surgical). The lesions were in the porta hepatis (n = 9), retroperitoneum (n = 6), right adrenal gland (n = 4), right kidney (n = 3), lesser omentum (n = 2), duodenum (n = 1), pleura (n = 1), and inferior vena cava (n = 1). The median maximal diameter of the lesions was 45.5 mm (range, 18–148 mm). Core-needle biopsy was performed in all patients. Eighteen-gauge and 21-G needles were used in 25 and one patient, respectively. Ultrasound was used for biopsy in 21 patients, and CT fluoroscopy was used in five patients. Postbiopsy tract embolization was performed in three patients. Technical success and diagnostic accuracy of the biopsy were evaluated. Complications were recorded using the systemic inflammation response (SIR) criteria.
Results The pathological results of biopsy were carcinoma (n = 10), lymphoma (n = 9), and other diagnoses (n = 7). Technical success was obtained in all patients. The accurate diagnosis was achieved in 24 of the 26 patients (92.3%). A major complication, a bladder tamponade, was observed in one patient (3.8%) after biopsy of a right kidney lesion. A hematoma caused by iatrogenic renal injury likely obstructed the bladder outlet. Minor complications were observed in three patients (11.5%).
Conclusions Percutaneous transhepatic biopsy for extrahepatic lesions is feasible with acceptable safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Onishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Onishi Y, Sone M, Arai Y, Sugawara S, Kusumoto M. Transvaginal Stent as an Effective Drainage Route for Refractory Infection of a Pelvic Tumor. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:1886-1887. [PMID: 33129434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Onishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Sone
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugawara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Takeda K, Umezawa R, Ishikawa Y, Yamamoto T, Takahashi N, Takeda K, Katagiri Y, Tasaka S, Kadoya N, Ito K, Katsuta Y, Tanaka S, Sato K, Matsushita H, Kawasaki Y, Mitsuduka K, Ito A, Arai Y, Takai Y, Jingu K. Clinical Predictors Of Severe Late Urinary Toxicity After Curative Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy For Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kudo M, Ueshima K, Ikeda M, Torimura T, Tanabe N, Aikata H, Izumi N, Yamasaki T, Nojiri S, Hino K, Tsumura H, Kuzuya T, Isoda N, Yasui K, Aino H, Ido A, Kawabe N, Nakao K, Wada Y, Yokosuka O, Yoshimura K, Okusaka T, Furuse J, Kokudo N, Okita K, Johnson PJ, Arai Y. Randomised, multicentre prospective trial of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus sorafenib as compared with TACE alone in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: TACTICS trial. Gut 2020; 69:1492-1501. [PMID: 31801872 PMCID: PMC7398460 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This trial compared the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus sorafenib with TACE alone using a newly established TACE-specific endpoint and pre-treatment of sorafenib before initial TACE. DESIGN Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were randomised to TACE plus sorafenib (n=80) or TACE alone (n=76). Patients in the combination group received sorafenib 400 mg once daily for 2-3 weeks before TACE, followed by 800 mg once daily during on-demand conventional TACE sessions until time to untreatable (unTACEable) progression (TTUP), defined as untreatable tumour progression, transient deterioration to Child-Pugh C or appearance of vascular invasion/extrahepatic spread. Co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), which is not a conventional one but defined as TTUP, or time to any cause of death plus overall survival (OS). Multiplicity was adjusted by gatekeeping hierarchical testing. RESULTS Median PFS was significantly longer in the TACE plus sorafenib than in the TACE alone group (25.2 vs 13.5 months; p=0.006). OS was not analysed because only 73.6% of OS events were reached. Median TTUP (26.7 vs 20.6 months; p=0.02) was also significantly longer in the TACE plus sorafenib group. OS at 1 year and 2 years in TACE plus sorafenib group and TACE alone group were 96.2% and 82.7% and 77.2% and 64.6%, respectively. There were no unexpected toxicities. CONCLUSION TACE plus sorafenib significantly improved PFS over TACE alone in patients with unresectable HCC. Adverse events were consistent with those of previous TACE combination trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01217034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organisation Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube-Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nojiri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Tsumura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Isoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Aino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Social Insurance Tagawa Hospital, Tagawa, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawabe
- Department of Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Wada
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Okita
- Deapartment of Medicine, Shunan Memorial Hospital, Kudamatsu, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Philip James Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsuchiya M, Horio Y, Funazaki H, Aogi K, Miyauchi K, Arai Y, Takahashi M. Impact of gender and employment type on job loss among cancer survivors. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:766-771. [PMID: 32328623 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with cancer-related job loss following cancer diagnosis. METHODS A multicentre cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult cancer survivors employed at the time of cancer diagnosis. Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association of gender and employment type with job loss after cancer diagnosis and if the interaction between gender and employment type predicted job loss. RESULTS Of 1618 patients recruited, 1483 returned questionnaires (91.7% response rate). Data from 708 patients were eligible for analyses. Approximately 21% of patients had lost their job within 10 years of diagnosis. Patients who had undergone chemotherapy were more likely to lose their jobs than those who had not (OR = 3.24, 95% CI 2.13-4.91). Women were more likely to lose their jobs than men (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.48-4.50). Temporary employees were more likely to lose their jobs than regular employees (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.72-3.99). After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, no interaction effects between gender and employment type were observed (P = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Women and temporary employees are more vulnerable to cancer-related job loss. Clinicians need greater awareness of the risk of patient job loss, and they need to assess patients' employment types and provide appropriate support to balance treatment schedules and work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Tsuchiya
- Division of Cancer Survivorship Research, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Horio
- Regional Medical Liaison and Patient Support Center, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Funazaki
- Regional Medical Liaison and Patient Support Center, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Aogi
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kazue Miyauchi
- Comprehensive support center patients and families, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Arai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Survivorship Research, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Morgan
- St George's University of London, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
| | | | | | - Marco Das
- Helios Hospital Duisberg, Duisberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Zhongda Hospital, South East University, Nanjing, China
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