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Shi Y, Zhu Y, Ma W, Lin Z, Lv H. Characterisation of the volatile compounds profile of Chinese pan-fried green tea in comparison with baked green tea, steamed green tea, and sun-dried green tea using approaches of molecular sensory science. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1098-1107. [PMID: 35856056 PMCID: PMC9287605 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pan-fried green tea (PGT) is an easily acceptable tea drink for general consumers. In this study, volatile profiles and characteristic aroma of 22 representative Chinese PGT samples were extracted using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis, and odour activity value (OAV) calculations. In total, 88 volatile compounds were identified. Alcohols (45%), esters (19%), and ketones (16%) were the dominant volatiles, and geraniol (484.8 μg/kg) was the most abundant volatile component in PGT, followed by trans-β-ionone and linalool. In addition, the differences of aroma characteristics among PGT and other three types of green tea, namely baked green tea, steamed green tea, and sun-dried green tea, were also observed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and heatmap analysis, and it was found that β-myrcene, methyl salicylate, (E)-nerolidol, geraniol, methyl jasmonate were generally present at higher content in PGT. This is the first comprehensive report describing the volatile profiles of Chinese PGT, and the findings from this study can advance our understanding of PGT aroma quality, and provide important theoretical basis for processing and quality control of green tea products. Volatiles of pan-fried green teas were extracted using stir bar sorptive extraction. Pan-fried green tea was rich in alcohols, esters, and ketones. Trans-β-ionone has both the highest odour activity value and aroma intensity. Sixteen key aroma compounds were identified by means of molecular sensory science. The differences of volatiles among four types of green teas were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Wanjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Haipeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Tea (Camelia sinensis L.) is one of the main beverages known and consumed all around the world. Quality of tea is not only linked to the raw material but also to the processing steps that influence on the biochemical and sensory characteristics of each type of tea. This overview is focused on the differences in the production and composition of the main types of teas present in the market, highlighting not only their chemical and sensory characteristics, but also the importance of this plant from the food science viewpoint related to its several applications.
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Investigation of the effects of apple polyphenols on the chromatic values of weakly acidic lysine-fructose maillard system solutions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Inhibitory effect of phenolic compounds and plant extracts on the formation of advance glycation end products: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Aboulwafa MM, Youssef FS, Gad HA, Altyar AE, Al-Azizi MM, Ashour ML. A Comprehensive Insight on the Health Benefits and Phytoconstituents of Camellia sinensis and Recent Approaches for Its Quality Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E455. [PMID: 31590466 PMCID: PMC6826564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, Camellia sinensis, which belongs to the family Theaceae, is a shrub or evergreen tree up to 16 m in height. Green tea is very popular because of its marked health benefits comprising its anticancer, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial activities, as well as its effectiveness in reducing body weight. Additionally, it was recognized by Chinese people as an effective traditional drink required for the prophylaxis against many health ailments. This is due to the complex chemical composition of green tea, which comprises different classes of chemical compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and others. The beneficial health effects of green tea ultimately led to its great consumption and increase its liability to be adulterated by either low-quality or non-green tea products with concomitant decrease in activity. Thus, in this review, green tea was selected to highlight its health benefits and phytoconstituents, as well as recent approaches for its quality-control monitoring that guarantee its incorporation in many pharmaceutical industries. More research is needed to find out other more biological activities, active constituents, and other simple and cheap techniques for its quality assurance that ascertain the prevention of its adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Aboulwafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Haidy A Gad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed M Al-Azizi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo-11566, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah-21442, Saudi Arabia.
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Teng RM, Wu ZJ, Ma HY, Wang YX, Zhuang J. Differentially Expressed Protein Are Involved in Dynamic Changes of Catechins Contents in Postharvest Tea Leaves under Different Temperatures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7547-7560. [PMID: 31192593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology were used to investigate three samples from postharvest tea leaves that were treated at room temperature (25 °C, control group), high temperature (38 °C), and low temperature (4 °C) for 4 h. In heat and cold treatments, a total of 635 and 566 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were determined, respectively. DEPs were annotated to GO and KEGG databases, which revealed that DEPs involved in various aspects of biological process. Three catechins-related DEPs, CsCHI, CsF3H, and CsANR, were identified. Both catechins contents and the expression profiles of catechins biosynthesis-related genes changed significantly under different temperature treatments. The correlations between catechins contents, gene expression profiles, and DEPs were analyzed. This study provides potential new insights into the molecular basis for tea production of postharvest leaves and catechins content changes at diverse temperature conditions and will guide the improvement of tea-processing technology.
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Genome-Wide Identification, Classification and Expression Analysis of the HSP Gene Superfamily in Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092633. [PMID: 30189657 PMCID: PMC6164807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones. These proteins are encoded by a multigene family whose members play crucial roles in plant growth, development and stress response. However, little is known about the HSP gene superfamily in tea plant. In this study, a total of 47 CsHSP genes were identified, including 7 CsHSP90, 18 CsHSP70, and 22 CssHSP genes. Phylogenetic and composition analyses showed that CsHSP proteins in the same subfamily have similar gene structures and conserved motifs, but significant differences exist in the different subfamilies. In addition, expression analysis revealed that almost all CsHSP genes were specifically expressed in one or more tissues, and significantly induced under heat and drought stress, implying that CsHSP genes play important roles in tea plant growth, development, and response to heat and drought stress. Furthermore, a potential interaction network dominated by CsHSPs, including HSP70/HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) and heat shock transcription factor (HSF), is closely related to the abovementioned processes. These results increase our understanding of CsHSP genes and their roles in tea plant, and thus, this study could contribute to the cloning and functional analysis of CsHSP genes and their encoded proteins in the future.
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Feng S, Liu J, Cheng B, Deng A, Zhang H. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects PC12 cells against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity via the hedgehog signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4284-4290. [PMID: 29731823 PMCID: PMC5920970 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been acknowledged that environmental stress is a risk factor for developing mental disorders. Chronic stress may contribute to the hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and a sustained rise in the levels of glucocorticoids (GCs). A high concentration of corticosterone (CORT) damages neuronal PC12 cells. It has been reported that (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, exhibits neuroprotective activity. However, the protective effect of EGCG on neuronal cells injured by CORT remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to identify the effects of EGCG on CORT-injured neuronal PC12 cells and its associated mechanisms of action. CORT-injured PC12 cells were pretreated with EGCG with or without cyclopamine. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, changes in cell morphology were observed using phase-contrast microscopy, cellular apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33342 staining, cell proliferation was measured using a cell counting kit-8 assay, mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein expression was assessed using western blot analysis. The current study demonstrated that exposure to high concentrations of CORT induced cytotoxicity and downregulated the Sonic hedgehog pathway (Shh) in PC12 cells. These effects were attenuated by EGCG. However, the EGCG-mediated neuroprotective effects, as well as upregulation of the Shh pathway were all attenuated by the Shh signaling inhibitor cyclopamine. These results indicate that EGCG protects PC12 cells from CORT-induced neurotoxicity via activation of the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Spiro A, Lockyer S. Nutraceuticals and skin appearance: Is there any evidence to support this growing trend? NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Spiro
- British Nutrition Foundation; London UK
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iTRAQ-based proteomics monitors the withering dynamics in postharvest leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 293:45-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Developmental processes and responses to hormonal stimuli in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) leaves are controlled by GRF and GIF gene families. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 17:503-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen C, Wei K, Wang L, Ruan L, Li H, Zhou X, Lin Z, Shan R, Cheng H. Expression of Key Structural Genes of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway Associated with Catechin Epimerization in Tea Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:702. [PMID: 28515736 PMCID: PMC5413559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Catechin epimerization is an important factor affecting tea catechin compositions and thereby tea quality. However, a lack of tea germplasms with high non-epicatechins limits relative research. Here, a tea cultivar Y510 with high non-epicatechins was firstly reported and used for catechin and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Results showed that the (-)-gallocatechin gallate and (+)-catechin (C) contents in Y510 were at least 136 and 6 times higher than those in Fudingdabaicha and 0306I, but the epicatechins (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epicatechin (EC) were significantly lower. Eleven unigenes potentially involved in catechin epimerization were identified by RNA-Seq analysis. Based on a combination of catechin and gene expression analysis, it was hypothesized that two anthocyanidin reductase genes (CsANR1, CsANR2) and an anthocyanidin synthase gene (CsANS) are the key genes affecting catechin epimerization in tea. Non-epicatechin formations were hypothesized to be mainly influenced by the expression ratio of CsANR2 to CsANR1 and the expression of CsANS. Overexpression of CsANS in an Arabidopsis mutant tds4-2 led to a significant increase of EC accumulation in seeds, revealing CsANS is important for catechin epimerization. These results shed new light on breeding tea cultivars with special catechin compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFu’an, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Wei, Hao Cheng,
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Li Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFu’an, China
| | - Ruiyang Shan
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFu’an, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kang Wei, Hao Cheng,
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13
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Wu ZJ, Tian C, Jiang Q, Li XH, Zhuang J. Selection of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization during leaf development and hormonal stimuli in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Sci Rep 2016; 6:19748. [PMID: 26813576 PMCID: PMC4728435 DOI: 10.1038/srep19748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) leaf is an important non-alcoholic beverage resource. The application of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has a profound significance for the gene expression studies of tea plant, especially when applied to tea leaf development and metabolism. In this study, nine candidate reference genes (i.e., CsACT7, CsEF-1α, CseIF-4α, CsGAPDH, CsPP2A, CsSAND, CsTBP, CsTIP41, and CsTUB) of C. sinensis were cloned. The quantitative expression data of these genes were investigated in five tea leaf developmental stages (i.e., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and older leaves) and normal growth tea leaves subjected to five hormonal stimuli (i.e., ABA, GA, IAA, MeJA, and SA), and gene expression stability was calculated using three common statistical algorithms, namely, geNorm, NormFinder, and Bestkeeper. Results indicated that CsTBP and CsTIP41 were the most stable genes in tea leaf development and CsTBP was the best gene under hormonal stimuli; by contrast, CsGAPDH and CsTUB genes showed the least stability. The gene expression profile of CsNAM gene was analyzed to confirm the validity of the reference genes in this study. Our data provide basis for the selection of reference genes for future biological research in the leaf development and hormonal stimuli of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Wu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Wu ZJ, Li XH, Liu ZW, Li H, Wang YX, Zhuang J. Transcriptome-wide identification of Camellia sinensis WRKY transcription factors in response to temperature stress. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:255-69. [PMID: 26308611 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is a leaf-type healthy non-alcoholic beverage crop, which has been widely introduced worldwide. Tea is rich in various secondary metabolites, which are important for human health. However, varied climate and complex geography have posed challenges for tea plant survival. The WRKY gene family in plants is a large transcription factor family that is involved in biological processes related to stress defenses, development, and metabolite synthesis. Therefore, identification and analysis of WRKY family transcription factors in tea plant have a profound significance. In the present study, 50 putative C. sinensis WRKY proteins (CsWRKYs) with complete WRKY domain were identified and divided into three Groups (Group I-III) on the basis of phylogenetic analysis results. The distribution of WRKY family transcription factors among plantae, fungi, and protozoa showed that the number of WRKY genes increased in higher plant, whereas the number of these genes did not correspond to the evolutionary relationships of different species. Structural feature and annotation analysis results showed that CsWRKY proteins contained WRKYGQK/WRKYGKK domains and C2H2/C2HC-type zinc-finger structure: D-X18-R-X1-Y-X2-C-X4-7-C-X23-H motif; CsWRKY proteins may be associated with the biological processes of abiotic and biotic stresses, tissue development, and hormone and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Temperature stresses suggested that the candidate CsWRKY genes were involved in responses to extreme temperatures. The current study established an extensive overview of the WRKY family transcription factors in tea plant. This study also provided a global survey of CsWRKY transcription factors and a foundation of future functional identification and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Wu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong-Xin Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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de Almeida Gonçalves G, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Wendt MMN, Comar JF, Bersani Amado CA, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Green tea extract improves the oxidative state of the liver and brain in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Food Funct 2015; 6:2701-11. [PMID: 26146010 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible effects of the administration of a green tea extract on the oxidative state of the liver and brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, a model for human rheumatoid arthritis. Daily doses of 250 mg kg(-1) (59.8 mg catechins per kg) for 23 days were administered. This treatment produced significant diminutions in protein and lipid damage in liver, brain and plasma. It also diminished the tissue ROS contents and increased the antioxidant capacity of the plasma. The antioxidant defenses, which are diminished by arthritis, were improved by the green tea treatment, as revealed by the restoration of the GSH and protein thiol levels and by the strong tendency for normalizing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. The activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is increased by arthritis in the liver, was also almost normalized by the treatment. In conclusion, it can be said that green tea consumption is possibly beneficial for the liver and brain of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis because it attenuates the pronounced oxidative stress that accompanies the disease and, thus, diminishes the injury to lipids and proteins in both liver and brain. There are also indications that, in the liver, the green tea can contribute to normalize the metabolic functions that are substantially modified by arthritis. For example, the green tea normalized the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of an important metabolic route (pentose monophosphate pathway). It is expected that the green tea treatment is equally able to normalize the activity of other enzymes (e.g., glucokinase and glucose 6-phosphatase), a hypothesis to be tested by future work.
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Zanchi MM, Manfredini V, Brum DDS, Vargas LM, Spiazzi CC, Soares MB, Izaguirry AP, Santos FW. Green tea infusion improves cyclophosphamide-induced damage on male mice reproductive system. Toxicol Rep 2014; 2:252-260. [PMID: 28962357 PMCID: PMC5598363 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea presents catechins as its major components and it has a potential antioxidant activity. Cyclophosmamide (CP) is an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent, known to reduce fertility. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of green tea infusion on cyclophosphamide-induced damage in male mice reproductive system. Mice received green tea infusion (250 mg/kg) or vehicle by gavage for 14 days. Saline or CP were injected intraperitoneally at a single dose (100 mg/kg) at the 14th day. Animals were euthanized 24 h after CP administration and testes and epididymis were removed for biochemical analysis and sperm evaluation. Catechins concentration in green tea infusion was evaluated by HPLC. CP increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and superoxide dismutase activity whereas sperm concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and 17β-hydroxysteroid (17β-HSD) dehydrogenase activities were reduced in both tissues tested. Catalase activity and protein carbonyl levels were changed only in testes, after CP administration. Green tea pre-treatment reduced significantly lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA damage and restored GPx and GST activity in testes. In epididymis, therapy significantly increased sperm concentration and restored GPx and 17β-HSD activity. Green tea improves CP-induced damage on reproductive system, probably due to their high catechins content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Magalhães Zanchi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dos Santos Brum
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Musacchio Vargas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Chiapinotto Spiazzi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Melina Bucco Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Aryele Pinto Izaguirry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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Wu ZJ, Li XH, Liu ZW, Xu ZS, Zhuang J. De novo assembly and transcriptome characterization: novel insights into catechins biosynthesis in Camellia sinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:277. [PMID: 25316555 PMCID: PMC4203915 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is a popular natural non-alcoholic beverage consumed worldwide due to its bioactive ingredients, particularly catechins (flavan-3-ols). Catechins not only contribute to tea quality but also serve important functions in the anti-stress regulation of secondary metabolic pathways. However, the percentages of various catechins are different among tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] cultivars. This study aimed to elucidate the biosynthetic mechanism of catechins. Transcriptomes from leaf tissues of four tea plant cultivars, 'Yunnanshilixiang', 'Chawansanhao', 'Ruchengmaoyecha', and 'Anjibaicha', were sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing platform Illumina HiSeq™ 2000. De novo assemble were also performed. Catechins contents were measured through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and the biosynthetic pathway was also surveyed. RESULTS We constructed a unified unigene database. A total of 146,342 pairs of putative orthologs from the four tea plant cultivars, 'Yunnanshilixiang', 'Chawansanhao', 'Ruchengmaoyecha', and 'Anjibaicha' were generated. Approximately 68,890 unigenes (47.1%) were aligned to the sequences of seven public databases with a cut-off E-value of 1E-5. A total of 217 differentially expressed genes were found through RPKM values, and 150 unigenes were assigned to the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway using the integrated function annotation. The (-)-EGC and (-)-EC contents were significantly lower and the (+)-GC and (+)-C contents were abnormally higher in 'Ruchengmaoyecha' than in 'Yunnanshilixiang', 'Chawansanhao', and 'Anjibaicha'. The proportion of catechins was confirmed by selecting critical genes (ANS, ANR, and LAR) for qRT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a global survey of transcriptomes from four tea plant cultivars and serves as an available resource of genetic diversity. The analyses of transcriptome profiles and physiological indicators not only identified the putative genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway but also provided some novel insights for the mechanisms of catechins biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Wu
- />Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- />Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- />Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- />State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- />Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Thirugnanasambantham K, Muralidaran S, Mandal AKA. Molecular Cloning, Computational and Expression Analysis of Anthocyanidin Reductase in Tea (Camellia sinensis). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:130-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leong DJ, Choudhury M, Hirsh DM, Hardin JA, Cobelli NJ, Sun HB. Nutraceuticals: potential for chondroprotection and molecular targeting of osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23063-85. [PMID: 24284399 PMCID: PMC3856106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of adult disability. There is no cure for OA, and no effective treatments which arrest or slow its progression. Current pharmacologic treatments such as analgesics may improve pain relief but do not alter OA disease progression. Prolonged consumption of these drugs can result in severe adverse effects. Given the nature of OA, life-long treatment will likely be required to arrest or slow its progression. Consequently, there is an urgent need for OA disease-modifying therapies which also improve symptoms and are safe for clinical use over long periods of time. Nutraceuticals-food or food products that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease-offer not only favorable safety profiles, but may exert disease- and symptom-modification effects in OA. Forty-seven percent of OA patients use alternative medications, including nutraceuticals. This review will overview the efficacy and mechanism of action of commonly used nutraceuticals, discuss recent experimental and clinical data on the effects of select nutraceuticals, such as phytoflavonoids, polyphenols, and bioflavonoids on OA, and highlight their known molecular actions and limitations of their current use. We will conclude with a proposed novel nutraceutical-based molecular targeting strategy for chondroprotection and OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.L.); (M.C.); (D.M.H.); (J.A.H.); (N.J.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Golding 101, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Marwa Choudhury
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.L.); (M.C.); (D.M.H.); (J.A.H.); (N.J.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Golding 101, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David M. Hirsh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.L.); (M.C.); (D.M.H.); (J.A.H.); (N.J.C.)
| | - John A. Hardin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.L.); (M.C.); (D.M.H.); (J.A.H.); (N.J.C.)
| | - Neil J. Cobelli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.L.); (M.C.); (D.M.H.); (J.A.H.); (N.J.C.)
| | - Hui B. Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; E-Mails: (D.J.L.); (M.C.); (D.M.H.); (J.A.H.); (N.J.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Golding 101, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate inhibit formation of intermediary radicals during heating of lysine and glucose. Food Chem 2013; 146:48-55. [PMID: 24176312 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of the tea catechins epicatechin (EC) or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibited formation of highly reactive intermediary radicals appearing during the Maillard reactions (MR), that take place during heating glucose and lysine at 70°C in EtOH/HEPES buffer at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0. Radicals were trapped by ethanol, which subsequently were converted into spin adducts of the spin trap α-(4-pyridyl N-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN). EGCG was found to be more efficient than EC as inhibitor of intermediary radicals during the MR. Based on UV/Vis-spectroscopy, measurement of oxygen consumption and LC-MS detection of intermediates, it is suggested that the quinone form of autoxidised EC reacts with lysine through either a Michael type addition or a "Strecker like" reaction and thereby influences the formation of intermediary MR products as well as radicals.
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22
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Lee MY, Choi EJ, Lee MK, Lee JJ. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates L-DOPA-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:249-55. [PMID: 23964310 PMCID: PMC3746157 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of EGCG on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced oxidative cell death in catecholaminergic PC12 cells, the in vitro model of Parkinson's disease, were investigated. Treatment with L-DOPA at concentrations higher than 150 µM caused cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, as determined using the 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry detection. The apoptotic ratio was similar in cells treated with 100 µM EGCG plus 150 µM L-DOPA (5.02%) and the control (0.96%) (P > 0.05), and was lower than that of cells treated with L-DOPA only (32.24%, P < 0.05). The generation level of ROS (% of control) in cells treated with EGCG plus L-DOPA was lower than that in cells treated with L-DOPA only (123.90% vs 272.32%, P < 0.05). The optical density in production of TBARS in cells treated with L-DOPA only was higher than that in the control (0.27 ± 0.05 vs 0.08 ± 0.04, P < 0.05), and in cells treated with EGCG only (0.14 ± 0.02, P < 0.05), and EGCG plus L-DOPA (0.13 ± 0.02, P < 0.05). The intracellular level of GSH in cells treated with EGCG plus L-DOPA was higher than that in cells treated with L-DOPA only (233.25 ± 16.44 vs 119.23 ± 10.25, P < 0.05). These results suggest that EGCG protects against L-DOPA-induced oxidative apoptosis in PC12 cells, and might be a potent neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Yul Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, 301, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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23
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Advances in the study of the kinetics of color and fluorescence development in concentrated milk systems. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Singh R, Akhtar N, Haqqi TM. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate: inflammation and arthritis. [corrected]. Life Sci 2010; 86:907-18. [PMID: 20462508 PMCID: PMC3146294 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of factors including inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to play a role in the development of chronic joint diseases. Green tea has become a popular drink and is consumed throughout the world. Extracts of green tea and polyphenols present therein have been shown to inhibit the inflammatory responses in vitro in different cell types and the development of arthritis in animal model studies. There is considerable evidence that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the predominant green tea polyphenol which mimic its effects, inhibits enzyme activities and signal transduction pathways that play important roles in inflammation and joint destruction in arthritis. After oral consumption EGCG become bioavailable and proteomic studies suggest that EGCG may directly interact with a large set of protein targets and alter the physiological response of the cells. Taken together these and other studies identify and support the use of EGCG as a possible chemopreventive agent with a potential to inhibit the development of arthritis. Here we review the biological effects of EGCG in an attempt to understand its pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation and joint destruction process for prevention and/or for the development of new therapeutics for arthritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109
| | - Tariq M. Haqqi
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109
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Edeas M, Attaf D, Mailfert AS, Nasu M, Joubet R. Maillard reaction, mitochondria and oxidative stress: potential role of antioxidants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 58:220-5. [PMID: 20031340 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycation and oxidative stress are two important processes known to play a key role in complications of many disease processes. Oxidative stress, either via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), or by depleting the antioxidants may modulate the genesis of early glycated proteins in vivo. Maillard Reactions, occur in vivo as well as in vitro and are associated with the chronic complications of diabetes, aging and age-related diseases. Hyperglycaemia causes the autoxidation of glucose, glycation of proteins, and the activation of polyol metabolism. These changes facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species and decrease the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, resulting in a remarkable increase of oxidative stress. A large body of evidence indicates that mitochondria alteration is involved and plays a central role in various oxidative stress-related diseases. The damaged mitochondria produce more ROS (increase oxidative stress) and less ATP (cellular energy) than normal mitochondria. As they are damaged, they cannot burn or use glucose or lipid and cannot provide cell with ATP. Further, glucose, amino acids and lipid will not be correctly used and will accumulate outside the mitochondria; they will undergo more glycation (as observed in diabetes, obesity, HIV infection and lipodystrophia). The objective of this paper is to discuss how to stop the vicious circle established between oxidative stress, Maillard Reaction and mitochondria. The potential application of some antioxidants to reduce glycation phenomenon and to increase the antioxidant defence system by targeting mitochondria will be discussed. Food and pharmaceutical companies share the same challenge, they must act now, urgently and energetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Edeas
- Société française des antioxydants, International Antioxidants Task Force, 15, rue de la Paix, 75002 Paris, France.
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26
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Meki ARMA, Hamed EA, Ezam KA. Effect of green tea extract and vitamin C on oxidant or antioxidant status of rheumatoid arthritis rat model. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:280-7. [PMID: 23105850 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated free radical generation in inflamed joints and impaired antioxidant system has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Green tea extracts (GTE) have been shown to reduce inflammation in inflammatory arthritis murine model. This study investigates possible mechanisms by which vitamin C and GTE protect joints in RA rat model. This study included forty adult male rats that were divided into four groups (10 rats each); control group, collagen II induced RA group (CII), CII treated with vitamin C (CII + Vit C) and CII treated with GTE (CII + GTE) in physiology laboratory, Assiut University, Egypt. After 45 days of treatment, plasma levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), ceruloplasmin (CP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid (UA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected using colorimetric methods, PGE(2) using ELISA and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) using spectrometer. In CII group, levels of LPO, NO, PGE(2), UA, CP, Cu were higher while SOD, GSH, Zn were lower than controls. In groups treated with vitamin C and GTE, levels of SOD, GSH were increased while levels of LPO, NO, PGE(2), Cu, CP were decreased compared with CII group. Levels of UA were decreased and Zn increased in GTE treated group compared with CII group. GTE treated group showed higher Zn and low Cu levels compared with vitamin C treated group. This study suggests proper GTE and vitamin C intake may effectively normalize the impaired oxidant/antioxidant system and delaying complication of RA.
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Calvarro J, Gökmen V, Morales FJ. A generic procedure to monitor Maillard-derived fluorescent compounds in cookies by flow-injection analysis. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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JANJUA ROOHINA, MUNOZ CLAUDIA, GORELL EMILY, REHMUS WINGFIELD, EGBERT BARBARA, KERN DALE, CHANG ANNELYNNS. A Two-Year, Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Green Tea Polyphenols on the Long-Term Clinical and Histologic Appearance of Photoaging Skin. Dermatol Surg 2009; 35:1057-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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29
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Schamberger GP, Labuza TP. Effect of green tea flavonoids on Maillard browning in UHT milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Shytle RD, Ehrhart J, Tan J, Vila J, Cole M, Sanberg CD, Sanberg PR, Bickford PC. Oxidative stress of neural, hematopoietic, and stem cells: protection by natural compounds. Rejuvenation Res 2007; 10:173-8. [PMID: 17518694 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2006.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During natural aging, adult stem cells are known to have a reduced restorative capacity and are more vulnerable to oxidative stress resulting in a reduced ability of the body to heal itself. We report here that the proprietary natural product formulation, NT020, previously found to promote proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells, reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of murine neurons and microglial cells in vitro. Furthermore, when taken orally for 2 weeks, cultured bone marrow stem cells from these mice exhibited a dose-related reduction of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. This preclinical study demonstrates that NT020 can act to promote healing via an interaction with stem cell populations and forms the basis of conducting a clinical trial to determine if NT020 exhibits similar health promoting effects in humans when used as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Douglas Shytle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Rozycki S, Pauletti M, Costa S, Piagentini A, Buera M. The kinetics of colour and fluorescence development in concentrated milk systems. Int Dairy J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UV-B component (280-320 nm), from the sun results in erythema, edema, hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, sunburn cells, immunosuppression, photoaging, and skin cancer. Amongst these various adverse effects of UV-B radiation, skin cancer and photoaging are of great concern. More recent changes in lifestyle have led to a significant increase in the amount of UV-B radiation people receive leading to a surge in the incidence of skin cancer and photoaging. As these trends are likely to continue in the foreseeable future, the adverse effect of UV-B has become a major human health concern. Therefore, development of novel strategies to reduce the occurrence of skin cancer and delay the process of photoaging are highly desirable goals. One approach to reduce their occurrence is through photochemoprevention, which we define as the use of agents capable of ameliorating the adverse effects of UV-B on the skin. Photochemoprevention via use of botanical antioxidants, present in the common diet of human have gained considerable attention as photochemopreventive agents for human use. Many such agents have also found a place in skin care products. This review will focus on the effects of selected botanical antioxidants in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis and photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, USA
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Bickford PC, Tan J, Shytle RD, Sanberg CD, El-Badri N, Sanberg PR. Nutraceuticals synergistically promote proliferation of human stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2006; 15:118-23. [PMID: 16522169 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2006.15.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A viable alternative to stem cell transplantation is to design approaches that stimulate endogenous stem cells to promote healing and regenerative medicine. Many natural compounds have been shown to promote healing; however, the effects of these compounds on stem cells have not been investigated. We report here the effects of several natural compounds on the proliferation of human bone marrow and human CD34(+) and CD133(+) cells. A dose-related effect of blueberry, green tea, catechin, carnosine, and vitamin D(3) was observed on proliferation with human bone marrow as compared with human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF). We further show that combinations of nutrients produce a synergistic effect to promote proliferation of human hematopoietic progenitors. This demonstrates that nutrients can act to promote healing via an interaction with stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Bickford
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Friedman M. Biological Effects of Maillard Browning Products That May Affect Acrylamide Safety in Food. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 561:135-56. [PMID: 16438296 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-24980-x_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The heat-induced reaction of amino groups of amino acids, peptides, and proteins with carbonyl groups of reducing sugars such as glucose results in the concurrent formation of so-called Maillard browning products and acrylamide. For this reason, reported studies of adverse biological effects of pure acrylamide may not always be directly relevant to acrylamide in processed food, which may contain Maillard and other biologically active products. These may either antagonize or potentiate the toxicity of acrylamide. To stimulate progress, this paper presents an overview of selected reported studies on the antiallergenic/allergenic, antibiotic, anticarcinogenic/carcinogenic antimutagenic/mutagenic, antioxidative/oxidative, clastogenic (chromosome-damaging), and cytotoxic activities of Maillard products, which may adversely or beneficially impact the toxicity of acrylamide. The evaluation of biological activities of Maillard products and of other biologically active food ingredients suggests that they could both enhance and/or ameliorate acrylamide toxicity, especially carcinogenicity, but less so neurological or reproductive manifestations. Future studies should be directed to differentiate the individual and combined toxicological relationships among acrylamide and the Maillard products, define individual and combined potencies, and develop means to prevent the formation of both acrylamide and the most toxic Maillard products. Such studies should lead to safer foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Reseach Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Babu PVA, Sabitha KE, Shyamaladevi CS. Therapeutic effect of green tea extract on advanced glycation and cross-linking of collagen in the aorta of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 33:351-7. [PMID: 16620300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The therapeutic effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the aortic collagen content and its characteristics were investigated in streptozotocin diabetic rats. 2. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intra peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg bodyweight). Six weeks after diabetes induction, GTE was administered orally for four weeks (300 mg/kg bodyweight daily). Systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, anti-oxidant status, collagen content, extent of glycation, collagen linked fluorescence and aortic collagen solubility pattern were determined in experimental rats. 3. At the end of the experimental period, there was a significant increase in the systolic blood pressure and blood glucose in diabetic rats. The lipid peroxides increased whereas glutathione and vitamin C levels were decreased in the serum of diabetic rats. The collagen content, extent of glycation, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and degree of cross-linking were increased in the aorta of diabetic rats. 4. The oral administration of GTE to diabetic rats significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure and blood glucose. The level of lipid peroxides reduced and the content of glutathione and vitamin C increased in the serum of GTE treated diabetic rats. Green tea extract also impede the accumulation of aortic collagen, extent of glycation, formation of AGEs and cross-linking of collagen in diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic, anti-oxidant and antiglycating effects of GTE ascribed for these beneficial effects. In conclusion, green tea may have therapeutic effect in the treatment of cardiovascular complications characterized by increased AGE accumulation and protein cross-linking associated with diabetes.
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Matiacevich SB, Santagapita PR, Buera MP. Fluorescence from the Maillard Reaction and its Potential Applications in Food Science. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45:483-95. [PMID: 16183569 DOI: 10.1080/10408390591034472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of the Maillard reaction involves a complex set of steps, and its interpretation represents a challenge in basic and applied aspects of Food Science. Fluorescent compounds have been recognized as important early markers of the reaction in food products since 1942. However, the recent advances in the characterization of fluorophores' development were observed in biological and biomedical areas. The in vivo non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins produces biological effects, promoting health deterioration. The characteristic fluorescence of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) is similar to that of Maillard food products and represents an indicator of the level of AGE-modified proteins, but the structure of the fluorescent groups is, typically, unknown. Application of fluorescence measurement is considered a potential tool for addressing key problems of food deterioration as an early marker or index of the damage of biomolecules. Fluorophores may be precursors of the brown pigments and/or end products. A general scheme of the Maillard reaction is proposed in this article, incorporating the pool concept. A correct interpretation of the effect of environmental and compositional conditions and their influences on the reaction kinetics may help to define the meaning of fluorescence development for each particular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia B Matiacevich
- Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chiu AE, Chan JL, Kern DG, Kohler S, Rehmus WE, Kimball AB. Double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extracts in the clinical and histologic appearance of photoaging skin. Dermatol Surg 2005; 31:855-60; discussion 860. [PMID: 16029678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea extracts have gained popularity as ingredients in topical skin care preparations to treat aging skin. Green tea polyphenolic compounds have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and studies suggest that these extracts help mediate ultraviolet radiation damage. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a combination regimen of topical and oral green tea supplementation on the clinical and histologic characteristics of photoaging. METHODS Forty women with moderate photoaging were randomized to either a combination regimen of 10% green tea cream and 300 mg twice-daily green tea oral supplementation or a placebo regimen for 8 weeks. RESULTS No significant differences in clinical grading were found between the green tea-treated and placebo groups, other than higher subjective scores of irritation in the green tea-treated group. Histologic grading of skin biopsies did show significant improvement in the elastic tissue content of treated specimens (p<.05). CONCLUSION Participants treated with a combination regimen of topical and oral green tea showed histologic improvement in elastic tissue content. Green tea polyphenols have been postulated to protect human skin from the cutaneous signs of photoaging, but clinically significant changes could not be detected. Longer supplementation may be required for clinically observable improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie E Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, USA
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Rutter K, Sell DR, Fraser N, Obrenovich M, Zito M, Starke-Reed P, Monnier VM. Green tea extract suppresses the age-related increase in collagen crosslinking and fluorescent products in C57BL/6 mice. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2004; 73:453-60. [PMID: 14743550 PMCID: PMC3561737 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.73.6.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Collagen crosslinking during aging in part results from Maillard reaction endproducts of glucose and oxoaldehydes. Because of the tight link between oxidative and carbonyl stress, we hypothesized that natural antioxidants and "nutriceuticals" could block collagen aging in C57BL/6 mice. Six groups of young and adult mice received vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin C&E, blueberry, green tea extract (GTE), or no treatment for a period of 14 weeks. Body weights and collagen glycation were unaltered by the treatment. However, GTE or vitamin C&E combined blocked tendon crosslinking at 10 months of age (p < 0.05, adult group). GTE also blocked fluorescent products at 385 and 440 nm (p = 0.052 and < 0.05, respectively) and tended to decrease skin pentosidine levels. These results suggest that green tea is able to delay collagen aging by an antioxidant mechanism that is in part duplicated by the combination of vitamin C and E.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Sell
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Mark Obrenovich
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Pamela Starke-Reed
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2560, Bethesda, MD 20892-2560, USA
| | - Vincent M. Monnier
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Vayalil PK, Mittal A, Hara Y, Elmets CA, Katiyar SK. Green Tea Polyphenols Prevent Ultraviolet Light-Induced Oxidative Damage and Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression in Mouse Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:1480-7. [PMID: 15175040 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of solar ultraviolet (UV) light to human skin results in photoaging. UV-induced oxidative damage and induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated in this process. Because polyphenols from green tea (GTP) prevent other cutaneous adverse effects of UV radiation we hypothesized that UV irradiation-induced oxidative damage and induction of MMP might be prevented in vivo in mouse skin by oral administration of GTP. GTP was administered in drinking water (0.2%, wt/vol) to SKH-1 hairless mice, which were then exposed to multiple doses of UVB (90 mJ per cm2, for 2 mo on alternate days) following in vivo photoaging animal protocol. Treatment of GTP resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced protein oxidation in vivo in mouse skin, a hallmark of photoaging, when analyzed biochemically, by immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. GTP treatment also inhibited UVB-induced protein oxidation in vitro in human skin fibroblast HS68 cells, which supports in vivo observations. Moreover, oral administration of GTP also resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced expression of matrix degrading MMP, such as MMP-2 (67%), MMP-3 (63%), MMP-7 (62%), and MMP-9 (60%) in hairless mouse skin. These data suggest that GTP as a dietary supplement could be useful to attenuate solar UVB light-induced premature skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Vayalil
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Koh SH, Kim SH, Kwon H, Park Y, Kim KS, Song CW, Kim J, Kim MH, Yu HJ, Henkel JS, Jung HK. Epigallocatechin gallate protects nerve growth factor differentiated PC12 cells from oxidative-radical-stress-induced apoptosis through its effect on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 118:72-81. [PMID: 14559356 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2003.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathway during oxidative-stress-induced injury were studied using H2O2-treated PC12 cells, which were differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF). Following 100 microM H2O2 exposure, the viability of differentiated PC12 cells (EGCG or z-VAD-fmk pretreated vs. not pretreated) was evaluated the number of viable cell with Trypan blue and 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl (MTT). Additionally, expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), PI3K/Akt and GSK-3 was examined using Western blot analyses. EGCG or z-VAD-fmk-pretreated PC12 cells showed an increase of viability compared to untreated PC12 cells, and pretreatment of PC12 cells with either agent induced a dose-dependent inhibition of caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. However, inhibition of cytochrome c release was only detected in EGCG-pretreated cells. Upon examination of the PI3K/Akt and GSK-3 upstream pathway, Western blots of EGCG pretreated cells showed decreased immunoreactivity (IR) of Akt and GSK-3 and increased IR of p85a PI3K, phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK-3. In contrast, no changes were seen in z-VAD-fmk-pretreated cells. These results show that EGCG affects the PI3K/Akt, GSK-3 pathway as well as downstream signaling, including the cytochrome c and caspase-3 pathways. Therefore, it is suggested that EGCG-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt and inhibition of GSK-3 could be a new potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of General Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, KFDA, Seoul, South Korea
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Orhan H, Vermeulen NPE, Tump C, Zappey H, Meerman JHN. Simultaneous determination of tyrosine, phenylalanine and deoxyguanosine oxidation products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry as non-invasive biomarkers for oxidative damage. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 799:245-54. [PMID: 14670743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed an isotope dilution HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of p-tyrosine, phenylalanine, o,o'-dityrosine, m-tyrosine, o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) that requires no extensive sample pre-treatment. p-[(2)H(4)]Tyrosine and o,o'-[(2)H(6)]dityrosine were used as internal standards. Calibration curves of the method were linear (r(2)=0.990-0.999) over a concentration range of 0.03-10 microM for o-tyrosine; 0.04-10 microM for 3-nitrotyrosine and 3-chlorotyrosine; 0.05-10 microM for o,o'-dityrosine; and for m-tyrosine; 1.0-100 microM for p-tyrosine and for phenylalanine; and 0.01-10 microM for 8-OHdG. The detection limits were from 0.025 to 0.05 microM for the tyrosine derivatives; 0.01 microM for 8-OHdG; and 0.5 microM for p-tyrosine and for phenylalanine, respectively. Within-day coefficients of variation (CV) for spiked human urine samples ranged from 2.7 to 7.0%, except for 8-OHdG (13.7%). Between-day variations ranged from 7.9 to 13.0%, except for o-tyrosine (CV = 18.2%), and for 8-OHdG (CV = 24.7%). The background levels of p-tyrosine, phenylalanine, o,o'-dityrosine, and o-tyrosine in morning urine of eight healthy volunteers were 3890+/-590, 3420+/-730, 5.8+/-0.3, and 9.2+/-1.5 micromol/mol creatinine, respectively. Using the present HPLC-APCI-MS/MS method, the urinary background levels of m-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine and 8-OHdG were below the limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Orhan
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Frei B, Higdon JV. Antioxidant Activity of Tea Polyphenols In Vivo: Evidence from Animal Studies. J Nutr 2003; 133:3275S-84S. [PMID: 14519826 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.10.3275s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins, theaflavins and thearubigins, which are thought to contribute to the health benefits of tea. Tea polyphenols act as antioxidants in vitro by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and chelating redox-active transition metal ions. They may also function indirectly as antioxidants through 1) inhibition of the redox-sensitive transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1; 2) inhibition of "pro-oxidant" enzymes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and xanthine oxidase; and 3) induction of phase II and antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases and superoxide dismutases. The fact that catechins are rapidly and extensively metabolized emphasizes the importance of demonstrating their antioxidant activity in vivo. Animal studies offer a unique opportunity to assess the contribution of the antioxidant properties of tea and tea polyphenols to the physiological effects of tea administration in different models of oxidative stress. Most promising are the consistent findings in animal models of skin, lung, colon, liver and pancreatic cancer that tea and tea polyphenol administration inhibit carcinogen-induced increases in the oxidized DNA base, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. In animal models of atherosclerosis, green and black tea administration has resulted in modest improvements in the resistance of lipoproteins to ex vivo oxidation, although limited data suggest that green tea or green tea catechins inhibit atherogenesis. To determine whether tea polyphenols act as effective antioxidants in vivo, future studies in animals and humans should employ sensitive and specific biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Wondrak GT, Roberts MJ, Cervantes-Laurean D, Jacobson MK, Jacobson EL. Proteins of the extracellular matrix are sensitizers of photo-oxidative stress in human skin cells. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 121:578-86. [PMID: 12925218 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensitized production of reactive oxygen species after photo-excitation of endogenous chromophores is thought to contribute to skin photo-oxidative stress. Here we present experimental evidence in support of a potential role of extracellular matrix proteins as skin photosensitizers. Human and bovine type I collagen and elastin sensitized of hydrogen peroxide generation upon irradiation with solar simulated light or ultraviolet A. Induction of intracellular oxidative stress by extracellular matrix-protein sensitization was demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis of fibroblasts preloaded with the intracellular redox dye dihydrorhodamine 123 and exposed to pre-irradiated type I collagen. Pre-irradiated collagen and elastin induced pronounced inhibition of proliferation in cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts, which was reversed by antioxidant or catalase treatment and reproduced by exposure to concentrations of H2O2 formed during extracellular matrix-protein irradiation. In fibroblasts, chromosomal DNA damage as a consequence of collagen-sensitized H2O2 formation was demonstrated using a single cell electrophoresis assay. The enzymatic cross-links pyridinoline and desmosine were examined as candidate sensitizer chromophores contained in collagen and elastin, respectively. Pyridinoline, but not desmosine, sensitized light-driven H2O2 production and inhibition of fibroblast proliferation. Our results support the hypothesis that extracellular matrix proteins play a functional role in skin photoaging and carcinogenesis by sensitization of photo-oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Ahmed S, Rahman A, Hasnain A, Lalonde M, Goldberg VM, Haqqi TM. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the IL-1 beta-induced activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase-2 in human chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:1097-105. [PMID: 12374621 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that green tea polyphenols inhibit the onset and severity of collagen II-induced arthritis in mice. In the present study, we report the pharmacological effects of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-induced expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. Stimulation of human chondrocytes with IL-1 beta (5 ng/ml) for 24 h resulted in significantly enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) when compared to untreated controls (p <.001). Pretreament of human chondrocytes with EGCG showed a dose-dependent inhibition in the production of NO and PGE(2) by 48% and 24%, respectively, and correlated with the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 activities (p <.005). In addition, IL-1 beta-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 was also markedly inhibited in human chondrocytes pretreated with EGCG (p <.001). Parallel to these findings, EGCG also inhibited the IL-1 beta-induced LDH release in chondrocytes cultures. Overall, the study suggests that EGCG affords protection against IL-1 beta-induced production of catabolic mediators NO and PGE(2) in human chondrocytes by regulating the expression and catalytic activity of their respective enzymes. Furthermore, our results also indicate that ECGC may be of potential therapeutic value for inhibiting cartilage resorption in arthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4946, USA
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