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Vaill M, Chen DY, Diaz S, Varki A. Improved methods to characterize the length and quantity of highly unstable PolySialic acids subject category: (Carbohydrates, chromatographic techniques). Anal Biochem 2021; 635:114426. [PMID: 34687617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a linear homopolymer of α2-8-linked sialic acids that is highly expressed during early stages of mammalian brain development and modulates a multitude of cellular functions. While degree of polymerization (DP) can affect such functions, currently available methods do not accurately characterize this parameter, because of the instability of the polymer. We developed two improved methods to characterize the DP and total polySia content in biological samples. PolySia chains with exposed reducing termini can be derivatized with DMB for subsequent HPLC analysis. However, application to biological samples of polySia-glycoproteins requires release of polySia chains from the underlying glycan, which is difficult to achieve without concurrent partial hydrolysis of the α2-8-linkages of the polySia chain, affecting its accurate characterization. We report an approach to protect internal α2-8sia linkages of long polySia chains, using previously known esterification conditions that generate stable polylactone structures. Such polylactonized molecules are more stable during acid hydrolysis release and acidic DMB derivatization. Additionally, we used the highly specific Endoneuraminidase-NF enzyme to discriminate polysialic acid and other sialic acid and developed an approach to precisely measure the total content of polySia in a biological sample. These two methods provide improved quantification and characterization of polySia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaill
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dillon Y Chen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Charged aerosol detector HPLC as a characterization and quantification application of biopharmaceutically relevant polysialic acid from E. coli K1. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1599:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Gamini A, Coslovi A, Toppazzini M, Rustighi I, Campa C, Vetere A, Paoletti S. Use of Capillary Electrophoresis for Polysaccharide Studies and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1483:339-363. [PMID: 27645744 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6403-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CE applications to charged polysaccharides are briefly reported. A simple procedure is presented to determine the esterification degree of a hyaluronan derivative. In this case the degree of substitution was as low as 14 %.The molecular weight distribution of mannuronic oligosaccharides mixture produced by hydrolysis of native polymannuronic is readily calculated from peak area of the species resolved by CE on the basis of a specific degree of polymerization.The influence of the applied electric field strength on the free solution mobility of hyaluronan samples is briefly addressed for molar masses of the order of 10(5) and 10(6) g/mol. The data are compared with the results obtained for a 50 % galactose substituted HA.Mobility data obtained as a function of buffer pH for a native HA sample as well as for two galactose-amide HA derivatives, having slightly different degrees of substitution, are presented and discussed in terms of the polymer charge density parameters ξ.In most cases, more questions than answers arise from the application of CE to charged polysaccharides. However, perspectives are disclosed for a further understanding of the reliability of CE applied for the structural elucidation of such macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Gamini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy.
| | - Anna Coslovi
- GSK Vaccines, Manufacturing Science & Technology Bellaria di Rosia, Sovicille (Siena), Italy
| | - Mila Toppazzini
- GSK Vaccines, Manufacturing Science & Technology Bellaria di Rosia, Sovicille (Siena), Italy
| | - Isabella Rustighi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Cristiana Campa
- GSK Vaccines, Manufacturing Science & Technology Bellaria di Rosia, Sovicille (Siena), Italy
| | | | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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4
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Abstract
Oligo- and polysialic acids (oligo/polySia) are involved in numerous biological processes depending on the chain length, the comprised type of sialic acids, as well as the glycosidic linkages. Here, we describe the determination of the composition, the sequence, as well as the linkages between the sialic acid residues of lactonized oligo/polySia using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)(/MS) and electrospray-ionization (ESI)-MS((n)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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5
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Ma F, Wu D, Deng L, Secrest P, Zhao J, Varki N, Lindheim S, Gagneux P. Sialidases on mammalian sperm mediate deciduous sialylation during capacitation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38073-9. [PMID: 22989879 PMCID: PMC3488077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.380584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) mediate many biological functions, including molecular recognition during development, immune response, and fertilization. A Sia-rich glycocalyx coats the surface of sperm, allowing them to survive as allogeneic cells in the female reproductive tract despite female immunity. During capacitation, sperm lose a fraction of their Sias. We quantified shed Sia monosaccharides released from capacitated sperm and measured sperm sialidase activity. We report the presence of two sialidases (neuraminidases Neu1 and Neu3) on mammalian sperm. These are themselves shed from sperm during capacitation. Inhibiting sialidase activity interferes with sperm binding to the zona pellucida of the ovum. A survey of human sperm samples for the presence of sialidases NEU1 and NEU3 identified a lack of one or both sialidases in sperm of some male idiopathic infertility cases. The results contribute new insights into the dynamic remodeling of the sperm glycocalyx prior to fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center and Departments of Cellular, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
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6
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Chen CS, Yu YP, Hsu CH, Zou W, Fang JM, Wu SH. Evaluation of the regioselective delactonization of tri-sialic acid lactone by in-solution molecular dynamics simulation. Carbohydr Res 2012; 354:87-93. [PMID: 22572126 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An approximate model for the delactonization of tri-sialic acid lactone is presented with two water-layers that led to neutral hydrolysis of δ-lactone. The hydrolytic reactivity was studied with a 10-ns in-solution molecular dynamics simulation. The initial step of this hydrolysis involves a reactant water nucleophile complex via a proton transfer with another water molecule. Therefore, the probability of water molecules localized at the hydrolytic center correlates to the hydrolysis of δ-lactone. The stepwise delactonization of α2,8-(NeuAc)(3) lactone results/resulted from water concentration discrepancy near the carbonyl carbon of lactones in two water oxygen···carbonyl carbon shells, and the distances of OC···O(water) layers were 2.8 Å and 5.1 Å. Based on in-solution molecular dynamics study, the motion of water molecules over the re-face of the carbonyl groups was used for the quantitative description of the residence probability, p, whose value is 0.11 for lactone I and 0.33 for lactone II. The geometric criteria used to determine the residence statistics are (1) the distance of water-oxygen···carbonyl carbon in less than 5.1 Å and (2) the cone angle, θ, of carbonyl OC···O(water) in the range of 85-115°. As expected, a higher residence probability at lactone II led to its faster hydrolysis. Both the radial g(r) and angular p(θ) pair distribution functions of water oxygen and carbonyl groups of lactones ensure a better surrounding hydration encounter for lactone II. In contrast, water molecules around lactone I are deduced due to a steric hindrance by the turn structure of α2,8-(NeuAc)(3) lactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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7
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Zhang Z, Khan NM, Nunez KM, Chess EK, Szabo CM. Complete Monosaccharide Analysis by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4104-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300176z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Zhang
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
60073, United States
| | - Nazeer M. Khan
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
60073, United States
| | - Karen M. Nunez
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
60073, United States
| | - Edward K. Chess
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
60073, United States
| | - Christina M. Szabo
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
60073, United States
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Chu KC, Ren CT, Lu CP, Hsu CH, Sun TH, Han JL, Pal B, Chao TA, Lin YF, Wu SH, Wong CH, Wu CY. Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of α(2→9) Oligosialic Acids: From Monomers to Dodecamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Chu KC, Ren CT, Lu CP, Hsu CH, Sun TH, Han JL, Pal B, Chao TA, Lin YF, Wu SH, Wong CH, Wu CY. Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of α(2→9) Oligosialic Acids: From Monomers to Dodecamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9391-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Eckert T, Lu CP, Chen CS, Wu SH, Gervay-Hague J. NMR studies of the reversible and regioselective lactonization of α-2,8-linked trisialic acid in aqueous acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Janas T, Nowotarski K, Janas T. Polysialic acid can mediate membrane interactions by interacting with phospholipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 163:286-91. [PMID: 20018185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is expressed on the surface of neural cells, neuroinvasive bacterial cells and several tumor cells. PolySia chains attached to NCAM can influence both trans interactions between membranes of two cells and cis interactions. Here, we report on the involvement of phospholipids in regulation of membrane interactions by polySia. The pH at the surface of liposomes, specific molecular area of phosphatidylcholine molecules, phase transition of DPPC bilayers, cyclic voltammograms of BLMs, and electron micrographs of phosphatidylcholine vesicles were studied after addition of polysialic acid free in solution. The results indicate that polySia chains can associate with phosphatidylcholine bilayers, incorporate into the polar part of a phospholipid monolayer, modulate cis interactions between phosphatidylcholine molecules, and facilitate trans interactions between apposing phospholipid vesicles. These observations imply that polySia attached to NCAM or to lipids can behave similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Janas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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12
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Chen CS, Yu YP, Lin BC, Gervay-Hague J, Fang JM, Hsu CP, Wu SH. The Observation of the C-H···Osp3Hydrogen Bond in Trisialic Acid Lactone and Its Implications for Cooperative Lactonization. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Pasteurella multocida sialic acid aldolase: a promising biocatalyst. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:963-70. [PMID: 18521592 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid aldolases or N-acetylneuraminate lyases (NanAs) catalyze the reversible aldol cleavage of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to form pyruvate and N-acetyl-D: -mannosamine (ManNAc). A capillary electrophoresis assay was developed to directly characterize the activities of NanAs in both Neu5Ac cleavage and Neu5Ac synthesis directions. The assay was used to obtain the pH profile and the kinetic data of a NanA cloned from Pasteurella multocida P-1059 (PmNanA) and a previously reported recombinant Escherichia coli K12 NanA (EcNanA). Both enzymes are active in a broad pH range of 6.0-9.0 in both reaction directions and have similar kinetic parameters. Substrates specificity studies showed that 5-O-methyl-ManNAc, a ManNAc derivative, can be used efficiently as a substrate by PmNanA, but not efficiently by EcNanA, for the synthesis of 8-O-methyl Neu5Ac. In addition, PmNanA (250 mg l(-1) culture) has a higher expression level (2.5-fold) than EcNanA (94 mg l(-1) culture). The higher expression level and a broader substrate tolerance make PmNanA a better catalyst than EcNanA for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialic acids and their derivatives.
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14
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Gamini A, Coslovi A, Rustighi I, Campa C, Vetere A, Paoletti S. Use of capillary electrophoresis for polysaccharide studies and applications. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 384:357-400. [PMID: 18392575 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-376-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) applications to charged polysaccharides are briefly reported. A simple procedure is presented to determine the esterification degree of a hyaluronan derivative. In this case, the degree of substitution was as low as 14%. The molecular weight distribution of mannuronic oligosaccharides mixture produced by hydrolysis of native polymannuronic is readily calculated from peak area of the species resolved by CE on the basis of a specific degree of polymerization. The influence of the applied electric field strength on the free solution mobility of hyaluronan samples is briefly addressed for molar masses of the order of 10(5) and 10(6) g/mol. The data are compared with the results obtained for a 50% galactose-substituted hyaluronic acid (HA). Mobility data obtained as a function of buffer pH for a native HA sample as well as for two galactose-amide HA derivatives, having slightly different degrees of substitution, are presented and discussed in terms of the polymer charge density parameters xi. In most cases, more questions than answers arise from the application of CE to charged polysaccharides. However, perspectives are disclosed for a further understanding of the reliability of CE applied for the structural elucidation of such macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Gamini
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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15
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Galuska SP, Geyer R, Mühlenhoff M, Geyer H. Characterization of oligo- and polysialic acids by MALDI-TOF-MS. Anal Chem 2007; 79:7161-9. [PMID: 17705556 DOI: 10.1021/ac0712446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligo- and polysialic acids (oligo/polySia) are characterized by a high diversity in nature due to the different types of sialic acids linked to each other and glycosidic linkages involved. Considering the methods that are presently available for analysis of oligo/polySia chains, only fluorometric anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, fluorometric C7/C9 detection, and western blotting are applicable to small amounts of material. Here we describe an alternative technique using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry after on-target lactonization to characterize different sialic acid polymers. The MS-based method allows a rapid, highly sensitive, and unambiguous identification of native as well as fluorescently labeled sialic acid polymers without the need of standard substances due to exact mass determination. PolySia chains with at least 100 sialic moieties are easily detectable, and in addition, potential modifications of hydroxyl groups by, for instance, acetyl residues can be precisely registered. Based on different lactonization characteristics, alpha2-8- and alpha2-9-linked oligo/polySia can be distinguished. Furthermore, this method can be combined with fluorometric derivatization and HPLC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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16
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Chen CS, Yu YP, Hsu CH, Wu YT, Zou W, Fang JM, Wu SH. Conformation of Trisialic Acid Lactone: NMR Spectroscopic Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Inoue S, Kitajima K. KDN (Deaminated neuraminic acid): Dreamful past and exciting future of the newest member of the sialic acid family. Glycoconj J 2006; 23:277-90. [PMID: 16897172 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-6484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
KDN is an abbreviation for 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid, and its natural occurrence was revealed in 1986 by a research group including the present authors. Since sialic acid was used as a synonym for N-acylneuraminic acid at that time, there was an argument if this deaminated neuraminic acid belongs to the family of sialic acids. In this review, we describe the 20 years history of studies on KDN (KDNology), through which KDN has established its position as a distinct member of the sialic acid family. These studies have clarified that: (1) KDN occurs widely among vertebrates and bacteria similar to the occurrence of the more common sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), but its abundant occurrence in animals is limited to lower vertebrates. (2) KDN is found in almost all types of glycoconjugates, including glycolipids, glycoproteins and capsular polysaccharides. (3) KDN residues are linked to almost all glycan structures in place of Neu5Ac. All linkage types known for Neu5Ac; alpha2,3-, alpha2,4-, alpha2,6-, and alpha2,8- are also found for KDN. (4) KDN is biosynthesized de novo using mannose as a precursor sugar, which is activated to CMP-KDN and transferred to acceptor sugar residues. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, some of which preferably recognize KDN, but many others prefer Neu5Ac to KDN. In addition to these basic findings, elevated expression of KDN was found in fetal human red blood cells compared with adult red blood cells, and ovarian tumor tissues compared with normal controls. KDNase, an enzyme which specifically cleaves KDN-linkages, was discovered in a bacterium and monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize KDN residues in KDNalpha2,3-Gal- and KDNalpha2,8-KDN-linkages have been developed. These have been used for identification of KDN-containing molecules. Based on past basic studies and variety of findings, future perspective of KDNology is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Inoue
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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18
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Teintenier-Lelièvre M, Julien S, Juliant S, Guerardel Y, Duonor-Cérutti M, Delannoy P, Harduin-Lepers A. Molecular cloning and expression of a human hST8Sia VI (alpha2,8-sialyltransferase) responsible for the synthesis of the diSia motif on O-glycosylproteins. Biochem J 2006; 392:665-74. [PMID: 16120058 PMCID: PMC1316308 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on BLAST analysis of the human and mouse genome databases using the human CMP sialic acid; alpha2,8-sialyltransferase cDNA (hST8Sia I; EC 2.4.99.8), a putative sialyltransferase gene, was identified on human chromosome 10. The genomic organization was found to be similar to that of hST8Sia I and hST8Sia V. Transcriptional expression analysis showed that the newly identified gene was constitutively expressed at low levels in various human tissues and cell lines. We have isolated a full-length cDNA clone from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 that encoded a type II membrane protein of 398 amino acid residues with the conserved motifs of sialyltransferases. We have established a mammary cell line (MDA-MB-231) stably transfected with the full-length hST8Sia VI and the analysis of sialylated carbohydrate structures expressed at the cell surface clearly indicated the disappearance of Neu5Acalpha2-3-sialylated structures. The transient expression of a truncated soluble form of the enzyme in either COS-7 cells or insect Sf-9 cells led to the production of an active enzyme in which substrate specificity was determined. Detailed substrate specificity analysis of the hST8Sia VI recombinant enzyme in vitro, revealed that this enzyme required the trisaccharide Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-3GalNAc (where Neu5Ac is N-acetylneuraminic acid and GalNAc is N-acetylgalactosamine) to generate diSia (disialic acid) motifs specifically on O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Teintenier-Lelièvre
- *Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, IFR 118, GDR CNRS 2590, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sylvain Julien
- *Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, IFR 118, GDR CNRS 2590, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sylvie Juliant
- †Centre de Pharmacologie et de Biotechnologie pour la Santé, CNRS UMR 5160, GDR CNRS 2590, 2352, F-30380 Saint Christol-lès-Alès, France
| | - Yann Guerardel
- *Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, IFR 118, GDR CNRS 2590, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Martine Duonor-Cérutti
- †Centre de Pharmacologie et de Biotechnologie pour la Santé, CNRS UMR 5160, GDR CNRS 2590, 2352, F-30380 Saint Christol-lès-Alès, France
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- *Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, IFR 118, GDR CNRS 2590, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- *Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576, IFR 118, GDR CNRS 2590, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Lee YC. Letter to the Glyco-Forum: A Green Thumb and a Broad Back: A Tribute to the late Dr. Yasuo Inoue (1934–2005). Glycobiology 2005; 15:9G-11G. [PMID: 15892189 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Turula VE, Kim J, Michon F, Pankratz J, Zhang Y, Yoo C. An integrity assay for a meningococcal type B conjugate vaccine. Anal Biochem 2004; 327:261-70. [PMID: 15051544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of an analytical procedure for the evaluation of a conjugate vaccine's structural wholeness or integrity is described. The principle component of the vaccine was the N-propionylated group B meningococcal polysaccharide (NPr-GBMP) covalently attached to a carrier protein. The goal of the procedure was to determine whether any whole polysaccharide, oligosaccharide, or monosaccharide, from minute to moderate levels, became detached off the conjugate. Free saccharide was isolated from the formulation, which included an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant for analysis. Due to its linkage, the NPr-GBMP did not release sialic acid efficiently with acid hydrolysis to the extent necessary for accurate quantitation. To accomplish depolymerization, the NPr-GBMP was subjected to methanolysis, 3N hydrochloric acid in methanol for 16h at 80 degrees C. The main product of the methanolysis reaction was a de-N-acylated methyl glycoside of sialic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid oligomers and colominic acid were used to confirm the methanolysis depolymerization efficiency of the alpha(2 --> 8) saccharides; with the treatment all oligomers produced a common methyl glycoside. For this determination anion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography were both interfaced to an integrated pulsed amperometric detector. Sensitivity and linearity were demonstrated to be sufficient for the application with vaccine dose formulations with low total saccharide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E Turula
- BioScience Division, Baxter Healthcare Corp., 12140 Indian Creek Ct., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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21
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Inoue S, Inoue Y. Ultrasensitive analysis of sialic acids and oligo/polysialic acids by fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods Enzymol 2003; 362:543-60. [PMID: 12968387 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadako Inoue
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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22
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Kakehi K, Kinoshita M, Kitano K, Morita M, Oda Y. Lactone formation of N-acetylneuraminic acid oligomers and polymers as examined by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3466-70. [PMID: 11669527 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:16<3466::aid-elps3466>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined lactone-formation reaction of oligomers and polymers of N-acetylneuraminic acid in diluted hydrochloric acid solution and found that the time course of the lactonization reaction was easily traced by capillary electrophoresis. The reaction proceeded more rapidly with increasing the molecular mass of oligomers because the conformation of inner units became rigid and more favorable for the formation of lactone linkage. Present results obtained using capillary electrophoresis will be useful in understanding of physical and chemical properties of oligo/polysialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kakehi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashi-osaka, Japan.
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23
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Inoue S, Lin SL, Lee YC, Inoue Y. An ultrasensitive chemical method for polysialic acid analysis. Glycobiology 2001; 11:759-67. [PMID: 11555620 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.9.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultrasensitive method for analysis of polysialic acid (polySia) chains, using fluorescence-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. The new method is a substantial improvement of our earlier method in which the reducing terminal Sia residues of a homologous series of oligo/polySia hydrolytically released during derivatization reaction were simultaneously labeled with a fluorogenic reagent, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) in situ. We first studied extensively the stability of oligo/polySia in the acid (0.02 M trifluoracetic acid) used for 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene derivatization under various conditions of reaction time and temperature, analyzing the hydrolytic products by high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection (HPAEC-PED). Then we optimized the reaction conditions to minimize degradation of the parent polySia while maintaining high derivatization rate. Using a DNAPac PA-100 column rather than a MonoQ column, baseline resolution of polySia peaks up to DP 90 with a detection threshold of 1.4 femtomol per resolved peak was achieved. The new method was used to analyze the degree of polymerization of a polySia-containing glycopeptide fraction derived from embryonic chicken brain, and the results were compared with those obtained by HPAEC-PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inoue
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Inoue S, Inoue Y. Developmental Profile of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Glycoforms with a Varying Degree of Polymerization of Polysialic Acid Chains. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:31863-70. [PMID: 11371567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103336200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
More precise information on the degree of polymerization (DP) of polysialic acid (polySia) chains expressed on neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its developmental stage-dependent variation are considered important in understanding the mechanism of regulated polysialylation and fine-tuning of NCAM-mediated cell adhesion by polySia. In this paper, first we performed a kinetic study of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of polySia and report our findings that (a) in (-->8Neu5Ac alpha 2-->)(n)-->8Neu5Ac alpha 2-->3Gal beta 1-->R, the proximal Neu5Ac residue alpha 2-->3 linked to Gal is cleaved about 2.5-4 times faster than the alpha 2-->8 linkages and (b) in contrary to general belief that alpha 2-->8 linkages in polySia are extremely labile, the kinetic consideration showed that they are not so unstable, and every ketosidic bond is hydrolyzed at the same rate. These findings are the basis of our strategy for DP analysis of polySia on NCAM. Second, using the recently developed method that provides base-line resolution of oligo/polySia from DP 2 to >80 with detection thresholds of 1.4 fmol per resolved peak, we have determined the DP of polySia chains expressed in embryonic chicken brains at different developmental stages. Our results support the presence of numerous NCAM glycoforms differing in DPs of oligo/polySia chains and a delicate change in their distribution during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inoue
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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25
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Yu YP, Cheng MC, Lin HR, Lin CH, Wu SH. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and lactonization of alpha2,8-linked oligosialic acids. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5248-51. [PMID: 11463281 DOI: 10.1021/jo015580c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Yu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Inoue S, Inoue Y. A challenge to the ultrasensitive chemical method for the analysis of oligo- and polysialic acids at a nanogram level of colominic acid and a milligram level of brain tissues. Biochimie 2001; 83:605-13. [PMID: 11522389 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(01)01307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a functional epitope and is known: 1) to regulate normal fertilization of lower vertebrates and invertebrates; 2) to be expressed on neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) when the formation or re-arrangement of nervous tissues takes place during embryonic stages as well as in adults of higher vertebrates; and 3) to be re-expressed in several human tumors. Thus, polySia serves as oncodevelopmental antigen. To date sensitive biochemical diagnostic probes (antibodies and endo-N-acylneuraminidase) to detect polySia are known. However, these reagents are not commercially available yet and they are only reactive to specific types of polySia structure. Moreover, precise information not only on diversity but also on the length or degree of polymerization (DP) of extended polySia chains is considered important in understanding the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of polySia chains and fine-tuning of NCAM-NCAM adhesive interaction by polySia chain but cannot be obtained with these biochemical probes. We have been continuously making efforts to develop and improve the sensitivity of chemical methods for polySia analysis toward these challenging problems. This article presents our most recently developed chemical method for polySia analysis and its use in obtaining new information on DP of colominic acid samples and polySia chains present in rat brain tissues with the highest sensitivity that has ever been attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inoue
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry, Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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28
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Lin SL, Inoue Y, Inoue S. Evaluation of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed electrochemical and fluorometric detection for extensive application to the analysisof homologous series of oligo- and polysialic acids in bioactive molecules. Glycobiology 1999; 9:807-14. [PMID: 10406846 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/9.8.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown extensively diverse structures in oligo/polymers of sialic acid (oligo/polySia) that are expressed often in developmentally regulated manner on animal glycoconjugates. The aim of this study was to establish highlysensitive and specific methods that can be used to identify diverse types of oligo/polySia and thus can be applied to studies of biological phenomena associated with the differential expression of oligo/polySia chains with different degree of polymerization (DP). As model compounds, we analyzed five different homologous series of oligo/polySia, (-->8Neu5Acalpha2-->)(n), (-->9Neu 5Acalpha2-->)(n), (-->8Neu5Gcalpha2-->)(n), (-->5-O(glycolyl)-Neu5Gcalpha2-->)(n), and Neu5Gc9SO(4)alpha2-->(-->5-O(glycolyl)-Neu5Gcalpha2--> )(n), ()expressed in various biopolymers. The latter two structures have recently been identified in sea urchin egg receptor for sperm. First we examined application of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) on a CarboPac PA-100 column with pulsed electrochemical detection (PED) to new types of oligo/polySiacompounds and confirmed that resolution of high polymers (DP >70) of sialic acids was remarkable as reported previously. However, there are limitations in sensitivity and selectivity in PED that become significant when material is available only in a minute amount or material contained a large proportion of protein. These limitations can be circumvented by fluorometric detection of oligo/polySia tagged with 1,2-diamino-4, 5-methyl-enedioxybenzene (DMB) at the reducing terminal residues after separation on a MonoQ HR5/5 column. The latter method can be applied to any type of oligo/polySia we examined if we choose the derivatization conditions and is more sensitive and specific than the method with PED for analysis of oligo/polySia with DP up to 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
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29
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Zhang Y, Lee YC. Acid-catalyzed lactonization of alpha2,8-linked oligo/polysialic acids studied by high performance anion-exchange chromatography. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:6183-9. [PMID: 10037703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.10.6183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from many laboratories revealed remarkable structural, distributional, and functional diversities of oligo/polysialic acids (OSA/PSA) that exist in organisms ranging from bacteria to man. These diversities are further complicated by the fact that OSA/PSA spontaneously form lactones under even mildly acidic conditions. By using high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with nitrate eluents, we found that lactonization of alpha2,8-linked OSA/PSA (oligo/poly-Neu5Ac, oligo/poly-Neu5Gc and oligo/poly-KDN) proceeds readily, and the lactonization process displays three discrete stages. The initial stage is characterized by limited lactonization occurring between two internal sialic acid residues, reflected by a regular pattern of lactone peaks interdigitated with non-lactonized peaks on HPAEC. In the middle stage, multiple lactonized species are formed from a molecule with a given degree of polymerization (DP), in which the maximum number of lactone rings formed equals DP minus 2. At the final stage, completely lactonized species become the major components, resulting in drastic changes in the physicochemical properties of the sample. Interestingly, the smallest lactonizable OSA are tetramer, trimer, and dimer at the initial, middle, and final stages, respectively. At any of the stages, OSA/PSA of higher DP lactonize more rapidly, but all the lactone rings rapidly open up when exposed to mild alkali. Lactonized OSA/PSA are resistant to both enzyme- and acid-catalyzed glycosidic bond cleavage. The latter fact was utilized to obtain more high DP oligo/poly(alpha2,8-Neu5Gc) chains from a polysialoglycoprotein. Our results should be useful in preparation, storage, and analysis of OSA/PSA. Possible biological significance and bioengineering potentials of lactonization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Biology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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30
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Cheng MC, Wang KT, Inoue S, Inoue Y, Khoo KH, Wu SH. Controlled acid hydrolysis of colominic acid under microwave irradiation. Anal Biochem 1999; 267:287-93. [PMID: 10036132 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of colominic acid under microwave irradiation was studied and compared with traditional heating methods. The microwave irradiation has several advantages over the heating method in the hydrolysis of colominic acid: (a) products with higher degrees of polymerization are obtained, (b) less lactone byproducts are observed, and (c) the hydrolytic rate is much faster. These advantages are probably due to the microwave effect. Oligosialic acids as the products of the acid hydrolysis of polysialic acid with conventional heating methods were fully lactonized, especially under the conditions of higher temperature and stronger acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cheng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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