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Lu L, Su L, Si M, Wang G, Li C. Effects of Cheliped Amputation on the Personality of Crayfish. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1132. [PMID: 38612371 PMCID: PMC11011115 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal personality, which describes inter-individual differences and intra-individual consistency in behaviors across time and contexts, has been widely observed and has significance for both ecology and evolution. Morphological modifications, particularly during early life stages, may highly influence animal behavior in adulthood; thus, exploring this relationship can elucidate personality development throughout ontogeny. In this study, we reared juvenile crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) with different degrees of cheliped mutilation and explored their personality patterns, including exploration and aggression, when they reached sexual maturity. Male crayfish showed repeatability in exploration, and both sexes showed repeatability in aggression. We observed no significant correlation between the two behavioral traits, indicating the absence of behavioral syndromes. Moreover, exploration did not differ according to the type of mutilation, but crayfish with more intact chelipeds were more aggressive, and males were more aggressive than females. These results indicate that cheliped mutilation may modify the average levels of personality traits associated with competition or self-defense. Our study provides insights into how morphological modifications may shape animal personalities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyu Lu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.L.); (L.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Li Su
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.L.); (L.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Mengdi Si
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.L.); (L.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Guangyao Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.L.); (L.S.); (G.W.)
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.L.); (L.S.); (G.W.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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2
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Dellinger M, Steele SE, Sprockel E, Philip J, Pálsson A, Benhaïm D. Variation in personality shaped by evolutionary history, genotype and developmental plasticity in response to feeding modalities in the Arctic charr. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20232302. [PMID: 38087921 PMCID: PMC10716646 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal personality has been shown to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and shaped by natural selection. Currently, little is known about mechanisms influencing the development of personality traits. This study examines the extent to which personality development is genetically influenced and/or environmentally responsive (plastic). We also investigated the role of evolutionary history, assessing whether personality traits could be canalized along a genetic and ecological divergence gradient. We tested the plastic potential of boldness in juveniles of five Icelandic Arctic charr morphs (Salvelinus alpinus), including two pairs of sympatric morphs, displaying various degrees of genetic and ecological divergence from the ancestral anadromous charr, split between treatments mimicking benthic versus pelagic feeding modalities. We show that differences in mean boldness are mostly affected by genetics. While the benthic treatment led to bolder individuals overall, the environmental effect was rather weak, suggesting that boldness lies under strong genetic influence with reduced plastic potential. Finally, we found hints of differences by morphs in boldness canalization through reduced variance and plasticity, and higher consistency in boldness within morphs. These findings provide new insights on how behavioural development may impact adaptive diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dellinger
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Hólar, Iceland
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Sarah E. Steele
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Evert Sprockel
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Hólar, Iceland
- HAS University of Applied Sciences, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Philip
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Hólar, Iceland
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arnar Pálsson
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - David Benhaïm
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Hólar, Iceland
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3
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Dos Santos CP, de Oliveira MN, Silva PF, Luchiari AC. Relationship between boldness and exploratory behavior in adult zebrafish. Behav Processes 2023; 209:104885. [PMID: 37150335 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral responses vary between individuals and may be repeated in different contexts over time. When a behavioral response set is linked and present regardless of the context, it characterizes a behavioral syndrome. By evaluating how bold and shy (profiles related to risk-taking) individuals perform about exploration and anxiety, we can predict relationships of behavioral syndromes and better understand how different axis of personality is formed. Here we classified the profiles by risk-taking and evaluated their exploration behavior in the open field test. In this context, the two groups showed significant differences in thigmotaxis behavior: bold individuals habituate faster and show decreased thigmotaxis (less anxiety), while shy ones are less prone to leave the security of the side areas of the open tank and present higher anxiety. We emphasized the importance of further investigating the behavior of these profiles in other contexts and the importance of each one for the evolution and fitness of the species, in addition to a better understanding of which behaviors are involved in the behavioral syndromes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Neves de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Priscila Fernandes Silva
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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4
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Salerno CM, Kamel SJ. Behavioural type, plasticity and predictability are linked to shell shape in a marsh ecosystem predator–prey interaction. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Fortunato JA, Earley RL. Age-dependent genetic variation in aggression. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220456. [PMID: 36693426 PMCID: PMC9873472 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the extent to which behavioural variance is underlain by genotypic, environmental and genotype-by-environment effects is important for predicting how behavioural traits might respond to selection and evolve. How behaviour varies both within and among individuals can change across ontogeny, leading to differences in the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects to phenotypic variation across ages. We investigated among-individual and among-genotype variation in aggression across ontogeny by measuring, twice as juveniles and twice as adults, both approaches and attacks against a three-dimensional-printed model opponent in eight individuals from each of eight genotypes (N = 64). Aggression was only significantly repeatable and heritabile in juveniles. Additionally, how aggression changed between juvenile and adult life-history stages varied significantly among individuals and genotypes. These results suggest that juvenile aggression is likely to evolve more rapidly via natural selection than adult aggression and that the trajectory of behavioural change across the lifespan has the potential to evolve. Determining when genetic variation explains (or does not explain) behavioural variation can further our understanding of key life-history stages during which selection might drive the strongest or swiftest evolutionary response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Fortunato
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 1325 Hackberry Lane, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Ryan L. Earley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 1325 Hackberry Lane, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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6
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Brogi R, Apollonio M, Brivio F, Merli E, Grignolio S. Behavioural syndromes going wild: individual risk-taking behaviours of free-ranging wild boar. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Bilby J, Colombelli-Négrel D, Katsis AC, Kleindorfer S. When aggressiveness could be too risky: linking personality traits and predator response in superb fairy-wrens. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14011. [PMID: 36193436 PMCID: PMC9526405 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality syndromes in animals may have adaptive benefits for survival. For example, while engaging in predator deterrence, reactive individuals tend to prioritise their own survival, while proactive individuals engage in riskier behaviours. Studies linking animal personality measured in captivity with individual fitness or behaviours in the wild are sparse, which is a gap in knowledge this study aims to address. We used playback experiments in superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus), a common Australian songbird with a cooperative breeding system, to assess whether three personality traits measured during short-term captivity correlated with behavioural responses in the wild to a perceived nest and adult predator, the grey currawong (Strepera versicolor). We used three standard measures of personality in birds: struggle responses to human handling (boldness), exploration during a novel environment test, and aggressiveness during a mirror presentation. Superb fairy-wrens showed a significantly stronger response to the predator playback than to the control (willie wagtail, Rhipidura leucophrys) playback, suggesting that they recognised the predator playback as a threat without any accompanying visual stimulus. Birds that attacked their mirror image during the mirror presentation and those that spent a moderate amount of time close to the mirror responded more strongly to predator playback (by approaching the speaker faster and closer, spending more time near the speaker, and being more likely to alarm call) compared to those with low aggressiveness or those that spent very short or long durations close to the mirror. Neither boldness nor exploration in the novel environment test predicted playback response. Our results align with a growing number of studies across species showing the importance of animal personalities as factors for fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Bilby
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Diane Colombelli-Négrel
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Katsis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonia Kleindorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia,Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition & Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Zhou L, Liu K, Zhao Y, Cui L, Dong C, Wang Z. Increasing salinization of freshwater limits invasiveness of a live-bearing fish: Insights from behavioral and life-history traits. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119658. [PMID: 35750304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions and continued salinization of freshwater are two global issues with largely serious ecological consequences. Increasing salinity in freshwater systems, as an environmental stressor, may negatively affect normal life activities in fish. It has been documented that salinity limits the invasive success of alien species by mediating physiological and life-history performances, however, there are few studies on how salinity affects its invasive process via altered behaviors. Using wild-caught invasive western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) as animal model, in this study, we asked whether gradual increasing salinity affects behaviors (personality and mate choice decision here), life-history traits, as well as the correlation between them by exposing G. affinis to three levels salinity (freshwater, 10 and 20‰). Results showed that, with increased salinity, male tended to be shyer, less active, less sociable, and reduced desire to mate, and female tended to be shyer, less active and lost preferences for the larger male. Furthermore, across salinity treatments, male exhibited reduced body fat content and rising reproduction allocation, however, pregnant female revealed diametrically opposed trends. In addition, the correlation between life-history traits and behaviors was only identified in pregnant female. It seems that either salinity or life-history traits directly affects mosquitofish behaviors. In summary, our results partially emphasize the harmful consequences of salinity on both life-history traits and behavioral performances. These findings provide a novel perspective on how salinity potentially affect fish fitness via altering personalities, mate choice decisions, as well as body condition, and hence supports the idea that salinity could affect the spread of invasive mosquitofish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Ling Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Chenglong Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China.
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9
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Leith NT, Macchiano A, Moore MP, Fowler-Finn KD. Temperature impacts all behavioral interactions during insect and arachnid reproduction. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 45:106-114. [PMID: 33831604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Temperature shapes the processes and outcomes of behaviors that occur throughout the progression of insect and arachnid mating interactions and reproduction. Here, we highlight how temperature impacts precopulatory activity levels, competition among rivals, communication with potential mates, and the relative costs and benefits of mating. We review how both the prevailing temperature conditions during reproductive activity and the temperatures experienced early in life influence mating-related behavior. To effectively predict the consequences of global warming for insect and arachnid mating behavior, we advocate for future work that universally integrates a function-valued approach to measuring thermal sensitivity. A function-valued approach will be especially useful for understanding how fine-scale temperature variation shapes current and future selection on mating interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Leith
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, United States.
| | | | - Michael P Moore
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, United States; Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
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10
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Diel rhythm of urotensin I mRNA expression and its involvement in the locomotor activity and appetite regulation in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110627. [PMID: 34058375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin I (UI), a member of the corticotropin-releasing hormone family of peptides, regulates a diverse array of physiological functions, including appetite regulation, defensive behavior and stress response. In this study, firstly, the tissue-specific distribution of UI mRNA in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was characterized and we found that UI mRNA was highly expressed in caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) tissue. Secondly, alignment analysis found that a conserved cAMP response binding (CREB) site and a TATA element were located in the proximal promoter of UI gene. In addition, treatment of forskolin activatated cAMP-CREB pathway and induced the up-regulation of UI mRNA in cultured CNSS, suggesting the role of CREB in regulating the UI mRNA expression. Furthermore, plasma UI concentration and UI mRNA in CNSS showed obvious daily rhythm, with higher values in the daytime while lower values in the nighttime. Thirdly, using bold personality (BP) and shy personality (SP) flounder as an animal model, we found that flounder exhibited significantly higher locomotor activity in the nighttime than in the daytime (P < 0.001), and BP flounder showed significantly higher locomotor activity (P < 0.001) compared with SP flounder both in the daytime and nighttime. Analysis of feeding behavior revealed that BP flounder showed a shorter latency to feed and more attacks to prey. Furthermore, the qPCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that BP flounder expressed significantly lower level of UI mRNA and protein in CNSS tissue. Collectively, our study suggested that the UI plays an important role in locomotor activity and appetite regulation, which provides a basis for understanding the mechanism of defensive behavior and animal personality in flounder.
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11
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Mori E, Ferrari C. Inter-individual behavioural variation in the crested porcupine. MAMMALIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we investigated on the existence of personality in the crested porcupine in Central Italy by measuring variation and repeatability of three behavioural traits. Porcupines were captured through metal traps located around and in the immediate surroundings of the burrows. Then, they were manipulated and set free. Capture and handling were the experimental contexts where we measured exploration, proactivity and aggressiveness of each individual. Our results provided evidence for consistent inter-individual differences in the measured traits, with a high value of individual repeatability in aggressiveness and proactivity. The positive correlation between traits suggest the existence of a behavioural syndrome, with some individuals more aggressive and active with respect to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Mori
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) , National Research Council (CNR) , Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 , Sesto Fiorentino (Florence) , Italy
| | - Caterina Ferrari
- Alpine Wildlife Research Centre , Gran Paradiso National Park , Valsavarenche (Aosta) , Italy
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12
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Payne E, Sinn D, Spiegel O, Leu S, Gardner M, Godfrey S, Wohlfeil C, Sih A. Consistent after all: behavioural repeatability in a long-lived lizard across a 6-year field study. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Salahinejad A, Attaran A, Naderi M, Meuthen D, Niyogi S, Chivers DP. Chronic exposure to bisphenol S induces oxidative stress, abnormal anxiety, and fear responses in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141633. [PMID: 32882496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is increasingly used in a wide range of industrial and consumer products, resulting in its ubiquitous distribution across the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. Although it is commonly known as a weak/moderate estrogenic compound, there has been a growing acknowledgment of the potential of BPS to cause toxicity by inducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a major participant in the development of anxiety-like behaviors in humans and animals. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the impact of BPS on anxiety-like behavior and fear responses in adult zebrafish and also to elucidate the possible linkage between the BPS neurotoxicity and oxidative status of the brain. To this end, adult male and female zebrafish were exposed to 0 (control), 1, 10, and 30 μg/L of BPS and 1 μg/L of 17-β-estradiol (E2) for 75 days. Following exposure, changes in anxiety and fear-related responses were evaluated by applying a novel tank test and by exposing focal fish to chemical alarm cues. Additionally, we evaluated the expression of multiple antioxidant genes in the zebrafish brain. Our results indicate that BPS, irrespective of exposure concentration, and E2 significantly decreased bottom-dwelling behavior and the latency to enter the upper water column. Furthermore, exposure to the highest concentration of BPS and E2 induced a significant decrease in fear-related responses. The impaired anxiety and reduced fear-related responses were associated with a down-regulation in the transcription of genes involved in enzymatic antioxidant defense. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic exposure to BPS impairs anxiety and fear responses in adult zebrafish, possibly by inducing oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Anoosha Attaran
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Denis Meuthen
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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14
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Huang P, St.Mary CM, Kimball RT. Habitat urbanization and stress response are primary predictors of personality variation in northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis). JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Behavioral traits that vary consistently among individuals across different contexts are often termed as ‘personality traits,’ while the correlated suite formed by those traits is called a ‘behavioral syndrome’. Both personality trait and behavioral syndrome are potentially responsive to animal ‘states’, defined as strategically relevant individual features affecting the cost-and-benefit trade-offs of behavioral actions. Both extrinsic ‘states’ (e.g. urban versus rural habitats), and intrinsic ‘states’ (e.g. sex), may shape among-individual variation in personality traits, as well as behavioral syndromes. Here, we used northern cardinals sampled from four locations to examine the effect of habitat type (urban versus rural, an extrinsic state), stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) parameters, body weight and sex (intrinsic states) on personality traits and behavioral syndrome variation. We used behavioral trials to measure five personality traits. Using principal component analysis to quantify personality traits first, followed by general linear mixed models, we found that habitat type, CORT at capture and 2-day CORT response affected some personality traits, while body weight and sex did not. Cardinals inhabiting more urbanized areas had lower CORT metabolite levels at capture and were more neophilic, less neophobic and also less aggressive than their rural conspecifics. Using structural equation modeling to construct behavioral syndromes formed by our selected personality traits, we found that urban and rural cardinals varied in the models representing syndrome structure. When utilizing the shared syndrome structural model to examine the effects of states, habitat type and 2-day CORT response appear to affect syndrome variation in a coordinated, not hierarchical, manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Colette M St.Mary
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Rebecca T Kimball
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 220 Bartram Hall, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
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15
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Chajma P, Kopecký O, Vojar J. Individual consistency in exploration and shyness but not activity in smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris): the effect of habituation? J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chajma
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha Czech Republic
| | - O. Kopecký
- Department of Zoology and Fish Farming Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha Czech Republic
| | - J. Vojar
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha Czech Republic
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16
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Behrens JW, von Friesen LW, Brodin T, Ericsson P, Hirsch PE, Persson A, Sundelin A, van Deurs M, Nilsson PA. Personality- and size-related metabolic performance in invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Physiol Behav 2020; 215:112777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Brehm AM, Tironi S, Mortelliti A. Effects of trap confinement on personality measurements in two terrestrial rodents. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221136. [PMID: 31986141 PMCID: PMC6984697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, consistent individual differences in behavior, or personalities, have been a topic of increasing interest as researchers strive to understand and predict the responses of individuals and populations to anthropogenic changes. Behavioral studies in wild populations often require that animals are live trapped before behavioral observation can occur, and this is especially true in studies investigating animal personalities. However, it is unknown whether the amount of time confined to a live trap may regulate the behavior of trapped individuals. Specifically, if the duration of trap confinement directly influences behavior, then by obtaining wild animals through live trapping we may be confounding the very measurements of greatest interest. To investigate whether the duration of trap confinement influences the behavior of trapped individuals, we performed a study on two small mammal species, focusing specifically on personality traits. We positioned high-definition trail cameras facing Longworth small mammal traps in the field to observe capture events and record the time of capture. We then measured personality in captured deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) using three standardized tests, and through linear and generalized linear models we found that the time an animal had spent confined to a trap before testing did not affect 86% of behaviors exhibited. Our results showed two weak behavioral effects of confinement duration on boldness and docility resulting from an interaction between the duration of confinement and whether or not an individual was naïve to trapping. Our results suggest that behavioral measurements of wild, trapped small mammals are not determined by the time spent confined to a trap. However, researchers should use caution and consider whether an animal is naïve to trapping during analysis since habituation to the live trap may play a role in the effects of confinement duration on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Brehm
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America
| | - Sara Tironi
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America
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18
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Davenport JM, King AB, Riley AW, Hampson ME, Constantinides P. The non‐consumptive effects of predators and personality on prey growth and mortality. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Davenport
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Alexis B. King
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Alex W. Riley
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
| | - Maria E. Hampson
- Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA
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19
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Segovia JMG, Moura RR, Willemart RH. Starvation decreases behavioral consistency in a Neotropical harvestman. Acta Ethol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-019-00327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Hutfluss A, Dingemanse NJ. Human recreation reduces clutch size in great tits Parus major regardless of risk-taking personality. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRecreation negatively affects wildlife by influencing animal behavior vital to reproduction and survival. Such nonconsumptive effects of perceived predation risk are mainly studied in ground-breeding birds. However, if antipredator responses characterize bird species generally, so should nonconsumptive effects of perceived predation associated with human recreation. Moreover, as individuals consistently differ in behaviors linked to antipredator responses, they should also differ in responses to recreation, with bolder birds being less affected. To test this key prediction, we quantified effects of human recreation pressure on a cavity-breeding passerine. We uniquely quantified human recreation pressure over a substantial (8-year) period within 12 nest box populations of the great tit Parus major, assayed annually for reproductive parameters. We detected considerable spatial variation in recreation pressure. In plots with high recreation pressure, we found strong support for birds breeding further away from highly frequented paths and birds producing smaller clutches; we also found moderate support for birds producing fewer fledglings. These detrimental effects did not vary with behavioral proxies of an individual’s risk-taking phenotype (exploratory activity). This implies that effects of recreation pressure apply to the average bird, and extend to species (like forest birds) not previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hutfluss
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - N J Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
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21
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State-dependent foraging among social fish in a risky environment. Oecologia 2019; 190:37-45. [PMID: 30929073 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a predator, foraging is a dangerous task. Social individuals can respond to risk by forming groups, benefiting from enhanced collective anti-predator behavior but suffering from increased conspicuousness to predators. Within groups, individuals exhibit variable foraging behavior. One important factor influencing risky foraging behaviour is current energetic state, and individuals must trade off food and safety by deciding when to leave a protected refuge in order to find food. We generated mixed groups of goldfish (Carassius auratus) containing equal numbers of underfed and well-fed individuals and examined individual refuge use and willingness to take risks venturing into risky foraging areas in the presence of an avian predator (little egret-Egretta garzetta). Underfed fish exhibited higher levels of risky behaviour by participating in more foraging outings and emerging from the refuge in frontal group positions, compared with well-fed individuals. As expected, underfed fish benefitted by consuming more food, but surprisingly did not experience higher rates of mortality. This may be due to the fact that the egret predator rarely captured the first fish to emerge from the refuge, preferentially attacked groups of three or more fish, and often captured fish in the chaotic period following a failed initial strike. We demonstrate how differences in energetic condition can influence risk-taking behaviours among social individuals that subsequently influence relative levels of foraging success and group fission-fusion dynamics. Moreover, our results illustrate the risk associated with foraging in larger groups.
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22
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Does acoustic environment modify boldness and related life-history traits in field cricket nymphs? Acta Ethol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-019-00311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Lichtenstein JLL, Daniel KA, Wong JB, Wright CM, Doering GN, Costa-Pereira R, Pruitt JN. Habitat structure changes the relationships between predator behavior, prey behavior, and prey survival rates. Oecologia 2019; 190:297-308. [PMID: 30707296 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The individual behavioral traits of predators and prey sometimes determine the outcome of their interactions. Here, we examine whether changes to habitat complexity alter the effects of predator and prey behavior on their survival rates. Specifically, we test whether behavioral traits (activity level, boldness, and perch height) measured in predators and prey or multivariate behavioral volumes best predict the survival rates of both trophic levels in staged mesocosms with contrasting structural complexity. Behavioral volumes and hypervolumes are a composite group-level behavioral diversity metric built from the individual-level behavioral traits we measured in predators and prey. We stocked mesocosms with a host plant and groups of cannibalistic predators (n = 5 mantises/mesocosm) and their prey (n = 15 katydids/mesocosm), and mesocosms varied in the presence/absence of additional non-living climbing structures. We found that mantis survival rates were unrelated to any behavioral metric considered here, but were higher in structurally complex mesocosms. Unexpectedly, katydids were more likely to survive when mantis groups occupied larger behavioral volumes, indicating that more behaviorally diverse predator groups are less lethal. Katydid mortality was also increased when both predators and prey exhibited higher average perch heights, but this effect was increased by the addition of supplemental structure. This is consistent with the expectation that structural complexity increases the effect of intraspecific behavioral variation on prey survival rates. Collectively, these results convey that the effects of predator and prey behavior on prey survival could depend highly on the environment in which they are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L L Lichtenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Karis A Daniel
- Department of Biology, Wilson College, Chambersburg, PA, 17201, USA
| | - Joanna B Wong
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Colin M Wright
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Grant Navid Doering
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Raul Costa-Pereira
- Department of Ecology, São Paolo State University, São Paolo, 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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24
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Louison MJ, Hage VM, Stein JA, Suski CD. Quick learning, quick capture: largemouth bass that rapidly learn an association task are more likely to be captured by recreational anglers. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Koenig AM, Ousterhout BH. Behavioral syndrome persists over metamorphosis in a pond-breeding amphibian. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Hewes ME, Chaves-Campos J. Boldness related to size in the hermit crabCoenobita compressusat undisturbed, but not disturbed beach. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E. Hewes
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology; Psychology Department; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
| | - Johel Chaves-Campos
- Council on International Educational Exchange; Tropical Ecology and Conservation Study Abroad Program; Monteverde Costa Rica
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27
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Animal personality and behavioral syndromes in amphibians: a review of the evidence, experimental approaches, and implications for conservation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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29
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Ward‐Fear G, Brown GP, Pearson DJ, West A, Rollins LA, Shine R. The ecological and life history correlates of boldness in free‐ranging lizards. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ward‐Fear
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Gregory P. Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - David J. Pearson
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Woodvale Western Australia 6026 Australia
| | - Andrea West
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Lee A. Rollins
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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30
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Roy T, Bhat A. Population, sex and body size: determinants of behavioural variations and behavioural correlations among wild zebrafish Danio rerio. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:170978. [PMID: 29410809 PMCID: PMC5792886 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study (1) investigated variation among populations and the effects of sex and body size on boldness, activity and shoal-association tendency among wild zebrafish, and (2) tested for existence of correlations between behaviours, controlling for sex and body size. Individuals across four natural populations were tested for general activity in a novel situation, number of predator inspections undertaken and tendency to associate with a conspecific shoal in the presence of predators. Results showed a significant effect of population on boldness with a population from high-predation habitat being bolder than populations from low-predation habitats. Males showed significantly higher tendencies than females to associate with a conspecific shoal in the presence of predators. Further, a negative relationship was found between activity and boldness only within two low-predation populations. Individual body size had a strong effect on the activity-boldness relationship within the low-predation population from flowing water habitat. Smaller fish were bolder and less active while larger fish were more cautious and active. Overall, the results indicated that while population-level behavioural responses might be shaped by predation pressure, state-dependent factors could determine behavioural correlations among individuals within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anuradha Bhat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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31
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Kralj-Fišer S, Hebets EA, Kuntner M. Different patterns of behavioral variation across and within species of spiders with differing degrees of urbanization. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Goulet CT, Thompson MB, Michelangeli M, Wong BBM, Chapple DG. Thermal physiology: A new dimension of the pace-of-life syndrome. J Anim Ecol 2017. [PMID: 28626934 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current syndrome research focuses primarily on behaviour with few incorporating components of physiology. One such syndrome is the pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) which describes covariation between behaviour, metabolism, immunity, hormonal response, and life-history traits. Despite the strong effect temperature has on behaviour, thermal physiology has yet to be considered within this syndrome framework. We proposed the POLS to be extended to include a new dimension, the cold-hot axis. Under this premise, it is predicted that thermal physiology and behaviour would covary, whereby individual positioning along the thermal continuum would coincide with that of the behavioural continuum. This hypothesis was tested by measuring thermal traits of delicate skinks (Lampropholis delicata) and linking it to their behaviour. Principal components analysis and structural equation modelling were used to determine if traits were structured within the POLS and to characterize the direction of their interactions. Model results supported the inclusion of the cold-hot axis into the POLS and indicated that thermal physiology was the driver of this relationship, in that thermal traits either constrained or promoted activity, exploration, boldness and social behaviour. This study highlights the need to integrate thermal physiology within a syndrome framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine T Goulet
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Mike B Thompson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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33
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Kelleher SR, Silla AJ, Dingemanse NJ, Byrne PG. Body size predicts between-individual differences in exploration behaviour in the southern corroboree frog. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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34
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Šimková O, Frýdlová P, Žampachová B, Frynta D, Landová E. Development of behavioural profile in the Northern common boa (Boa imperator): Repeatable independent traits or personality? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177911. [PMID: 28542424 PMCID: PMC5443515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of animal personality have focused on its proximate causation and ecological and evolutionary significance in particular, but the question of its development was largely overlooked. The attributes of personality are defined as between-individual differences in behaviour, which are consistent over time (differential consistency) and contexts (contextual generality) and both can be affected by development. We assessed several candidates for personality variables measured in various tests with different contexts over several life-stages (juveniles, older juveniles, subadults and adults) in the Northern common boa. Variables describing foraging/feeding decision and some of the defensive behaviours expressed as individual average values are highly repeatable and consistent. We found two main personality axes-one associated with foraging/feeding and the speed of decision, the other reflecting agonistic behaviour. Intensity of behaviour in the feeding context changes during development, but the level of agonistic behaviour remains the same. The juveniles and adults have a similar personality structure, but there is a period of structural change of behaviour during the second year of life (subadults). These results require a new theoretical model to explain the selection pressures resulting in this developmental pattern of personality. We also studied the proximate factors and their relationship to behavioural characteristics. Physiological parameters (heart and breath rate stress response) measured in adults clustered with variables concerning the agonistic behavioural profile, while no relationship between the juvenile/adult body size and personality concerning feeding/foraging and the agonistic behavioural profile was found. Our study suggests that it is important for studies of personality development to focus on both the structural and differential consistency, because even though behaviour is differentially consistent, the structure can change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Šimková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Frýdlová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Žampachová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Landová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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35
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Stanley CR, Mettke-Hofmann C, Preziosi RF. Personality in the cockroach Diploptera punctata: Evidence for stability across developmental stages despite age effects on boldness. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176564. [PMID: 28489864 PMCID: PMC5425029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a recent surge in the popularity of animal personality studies and their wide-ranging associations with various aspects of behavioural ecology, our understanding of the development of personality over ontogeny remains poorly understood. Stability over time is a central tenet of personality; ecological pressures experienced by an individual at different life stages may, however, vary considerably, which may have a significant effect on behavioural traits. Invertebrates often go through numerous discrete developmental stages and therefore provide a useful model for such research. Here we test for both differential consistency and age effects upon behavioural traits in the gregarious cockroach Diploptera punctata by testing the same behavioural traits in both juveniles and adults. In our sample, we find consistency in boldness, exploration and sociality within adults whilst only boldness was consistent in juveniles. Both boldness and exploration measures, representative of risk-taking behaviour, show significant consistency across discrete juvenile and adult stages. Age effects are, however, apparent in our data; juveniles are significantly bolder than adults, most likely due to differences in the ecological requirements of these life stages. Size also affects risk-taking behaviour since smaller adults are both bolder and more highly explorative. Whilst a behavioural syndrome linking boldness and exploration is evident in nymphs, this disappears by the adult stage, where links between other behavioural traits become apparent. Our results therefore indicate that differential consistency in personality can be maintained across life stages despite age effects on its magnitude, with links between some personality traits changing over ontogeny, demonstrating plasticity in behavioural syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Stanley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Mettke-Hofmann
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Preziosi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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36
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Beston SM, Broyles W, Walsh MR. Increased juvenile predation is not associated with evolved differences in adult brain size in Trinidadian killifish ( Rivulus hartii). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:884-894. [PMID: 28168025 PMCID: PMC5288286 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates exhibit extensive variation in brain size. The long-standing assumption is that this variation is driven by ecologically mediated selection. Recent work has shown that an increase in predator-induced mortality is associated with evolved increases and decreases in brain size. Thus, the manner in which predators induce shifts in brain size remains unclear. Increased predation early in life is a key driver of many adult traits, including life-history and behavioral traits. Such results foreshadow a connection between age-specific mortality and selection on adult brain size. Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, are found in sites with and without guppies, Poecilia reticulata. The densities of Rivulus drop dramatically in sites with guppies because guppies prey upon juvenile Rivulus. Previous work has shown that guppy predation is associated with the evolution of adult life-history traits in Rivulus. In this study, we compared second-generation laboratory-born Rivulus from sites with and without guppies for differences in brain size and associated trade-offs between brain size and other components of fitness. Despite the large amount of existing research on the importance of early-life events on the evolution of adult traits, and the role of predation on both behavior and brain size, we did not find an association between the presence of guppies and evolutionary shifts in Rivulus brain size. Such results argue that increased rates of juvenile mortality may not alter selection on adult brain size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Whitnee Broyles
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Matthew R. Walsh
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
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37
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Lapiedra O, Chejanovski Z, Kolbe JJ. Urbanization and biological invasion shape animal personalities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:592-603. [PMID: 27310334 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel selective pressures derived from human activities challenge the persistence of animal populations worldwide. Behavior is expected to be a major factor driving animals' responses to global change because it largely determines how animals interact with the environment. However, the role of individual variation in behavior to facilitate the persistence of animals in changing environments remains poorly understood. Here, we adopted an animal personality approach to investigate whether different behavioral traits allow animals to deal with two major components of global change: urbanization and biological invasions. By studying six populations of Anolis sagrei lizards, we found for the first time that anoles vary consistently in their behavior across different times and contexts. Importantly, these animal personalities were consistent in the wild and in captivity. We investigated whether behavioral traits are pulled in different directions by different components of global change. On the one hand, we found that lizards from urban areas differ from nearby forest lizards in that they were more tolerant of humans, less aggressive, bolder after a simulated predator attack, and they spent more time exploring new environments. Several of these risk-taking behaviors constituted a behavioral syndrome that significantly differed between urban and forest populations. On the other hand, the behavior of urban A. sagrei coexisting with the invasive predatory lizard Leiocephalus carinatus was associated with dramatic changes in their foraging niche. Overall, we provide evidence that differences in animal personalities facilitate the persistence of animals under novel selective regimes by producing adaptive behaviors relevant to their ecology such as predator avoidance. Our results suggest that natural selection can favor certain behaviors over others when animals are confronted with different ecological challenges posed by global change. Therefore, we underscore the need to incorporate behavioral ecology into the study of how animals adaptively respond to human-induced environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Lapiedra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Zachary Chejanovski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Jason J Kolbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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38
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Hirsch PE, Thorlacius M, Brodin T, Burkhardt-Holm P. An approach to incorporate individual personality in modeling fish dispersal across in-stream barriers. Ecol Evol 2016; 7:720-732. [PMID: 28116066 PMCID: PMC5243775 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal personalities are an important factor that affects the dispersal of animals. In the context of aquatic species, dispersal modeling needs to consider that most freshwater ecosystems are highly fragmented by barriers reducing longitudinal connectivity. Previous research has incorporated such barriers into dispersal models under the neutral assumption that all migrating animals attempt to ascend at all times. Modeling dispersal of animals that do not perform trophic or reproductive migrations will be more realistic if it includes assumptions of which individuals attempt to overcome a barrier. We aimed to introduce personality into predictive modeling of whether a nonmigratory invasive freshwater fish (the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus) will disperse across an in‐stream barrier. To that end, we experimentally assayed the personalities of 259 individuals from invasion fronts and established round goby populations. Based on the population differences in boldness, asociability, and activity, we defined a priori thresholds with bolder, more asocial, and more active individuals having a higher likelihood of ascent. We then combined the personality thresholds with swimming speed data from the literature and in situ measurements of flow velocities in the barrier. The resulting binary logistic regression model revealed probabilities of crossing a barrier which depended not only on water flow and fish swimming speed but also on animal personalities. We conclude that risk assessment through predictive dispersal modeling across fragmented landscapes can be advanced by including personality traits as parameters. The inclusion of behavior into modeling the spread of invasive species can help to improve the accuracy of risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Emanuel Hirsch
- Research Centre for Sustainable Energy and Water Supply; Program Man-Society-Environment Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Magnus Thorlacius
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- Research Centre for Sustainable Energy and Water Supply; Program Man-Society-Environment Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland; Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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39
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Goulet CT, Thompson MB, Chapple DG. Repeatability and correlation of physiological traits: Do ectotherms have a "thermal type"? Ecol Evol 2016; 7:710-719. [PMID: 28116065 PMCID: PMC5243194 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Across a range of taxa, individuals within a species differ in suites of correlated traits. These trait complexes, known as syndromes, can have dramatic evolutionary consequences as they do not evolve independently but rather as a unit. Current research focuses primarily on syndromes relating to aspects of behavior and life history. What is less clear is whether physiological traits also form a syndrome. We measured 10 thermal traits in the delicate skink, Lampropholis delicata, to test this idea. Repeatability was calculated and their across‐context correlations evaluated. Our results were in alignment with our predictions in that individual thermal traits varied consistently and were structured into a physiological syndrome, which we are referring to as the thermal behavior syndrome (TBS). Within this syndrome, lizards exhibited a “thermal type” with each being ranked along a cold–hot continuum. Hot types had faster sprint speeds and higher preferred body temperatures, whereas the opposite was true for cold types. We conclude that physiological traits may evolve as a single unit driven by the need to maintain optimal temperatures that enable fitness‐related behaviors to be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine T Goulet
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
| | | | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
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Horváth G, Martín J, López P, Garamszegi LZ, Herczeg G. Food and vitamin D3 availability affects lizard personalities: an experiment. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Verdon M, Morrison RS, Rice M, Hemsworth PH. Individual variation in sow aggressive behavior and its relationship with sow welfare. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1203-14. [PMID: 27065281 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between individual sow aggressive behavior and sow welfare, based on aggression, skin injuries, and stress, in a total of 275 pregnant domestic sows. Over 4 time replicates, sows were randomly mixed into groups of 10 (floor space of 1.8 m/sow) within 7 d of insemination in both their first and second gestations (200 sows per gestation with 126 sows observed in both gestations). Measurements were taken on aggression (both delivered and received) at feeding, skin injuries, and plasma cortisol concentrations at d 2, 9, and 51 after mixing. Live weight gain, nonreproductive removals, litter size (born alive, total born, and stillborn piglets), and farrowing rate were also recorded. In both the first and the second gestations, sows were classified at d 2 after mixing as "submissive" (delivered little or no aggression at feeding relative to aggression received), "subdominant" (received more aggression at feeding than delivered), and "dominant" (delivered more aggression at feeding than received). In both gestations, sows classified as dominant at d 2 subsequently delivered more (gestation 1, < 0.01; gestation 2, < 0.01) and received less (gestation 1, < 0.01; gestation 2, < 0.01) aggression and gained the most weight (gestation 1, < 0.01; gestation 2, < 0.01). Dominant sows had the least skin injuries throughout gestation 1 ( = 0.04), and although submissive sows sustained the most skin injuries at d 9 and 51 of gestation 2, at d 2 the classifications did not differ in skin injuries ( < 0.01). Subdominant sows had the highest cortisol concentrations at d 2 of gestation 2, but there were no differences between classifications at d 9 and 51 in either gestation (gestation 1, > 0.05; gestation 2, = 0.02). There were no significant relationships between aggression classification and reproduction and nonreproductive removals ( > 0.05). In conclusion, sows classified as dominant at feeding at d 2 subsequently received less aggression at feeding, sustained fewer skin injuries, and had higher live weight gain. Submissive and subdominant sows in groups are likely to benefit from the provision of increased resources such as space and access to feed.
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Rudin FS, Tomkins JL, Simmons LW. Changes in dominance status erode personality and behavioral syndromes. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Riyahi S, Björklund M, Mateos-Gonzalez F, Senar JC. Personality and urbanization: behavioural traits and DRD4 SNP830 polymorphisms in great tits in Barcelona city. J ETHOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-016-0496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Schell CJ, Young JK, Lonsdorf EV, Mateo JM, Santymire RM. Olfactory attractants and parity affect prenatal androgens and territoriality of coyote breeding pairs. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:43-54. [PMID: 27378509 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hormones are fundamental mediators of personality traits intimately linked with reproductive success. Hence, alterations to endocrine factors may dramatically affect individual behavior that has subsequent fitness consequences. Yet it is unclear how hormonal or behavioral traits change with environmental stressors or over multiple reproductive opportunities, particularly for biparental fauna. To simulate an environmental stressor, we exposed captive coyote (Canis latrans) pairs to novel coyote odor attractants (i.e. commercial scent lures) mid-gestation to influence territorial behaviors, fecal glucocorticoid (FGMs) and fecal androgen metabolites (FAMs). In addition, we observed coyote pairs as first-time and experienced breeders to assess the influence of parity on our measures. Treatment pairs received the odors four times over a 20-day period, while control pairs received water. Odor-treated pairs scent-marked (e.g. urinated, ground scratched) and investigated odors more frequently than control pairs, and had higher FAMs when odors were provided. Pairs had higher FAMs as first-time versus experienced breeders, indicating that parity also affected androgen production during gestation. Moreover, repeatability in scent-marking behaviors corresponded with FGMs and FAMs, implying that coyote territoriality during gestation is underpinned by individually-specific hormone profiles. Our results suggest coyote androgens during gestation are sensitive to conspecific olfactory stimuli and prior breeding experience. Consequently, fluctuations in social or other environmental stimuli as well as increasing parity may acutely affect coyote traits essential to reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Schell
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
| | - Julie K Young
- USDA-WS-NWRC, Predator Research Facility, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, USU - BNR 163, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Elizabeth V Lonsdorf
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17603, United States
| | - Jill M Mateo
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Rachel M Santymire
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States
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Kareklas K, Arnott G, Elwood RW, Holland RA. Plasticity varies with boldness in a weakly-electric fish. Front Zool 2016; 13:22. [PMID: 27274354 PMCID: PMC4895794 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of animal personality is indicated by patterns of consistency in individual behaviour. Often, the differences exhibited between individuals are consistent across situations. However, between some situations, this can be biased by variable levels of individual plasticity. The interaction between individual plasticity and animal personality can be illustrated by examining situation-sensitive personality traits such as boldness (i.e. risk-taking and exploration tendency). For the weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii, light condition is a major factor influencing behaviour. Adapted to navigate in low-light conditions, this species chooses to be more active in dark environments where risk from visual predators is lower. However, G. petersii also exhibit individual differences in their degree of behavioural change from light to dark. The present study, therefore, aims to examine if an increase of motivation to explore in the safety of the dark, not only affects mean levels of boldness, but also the variation between individuals, as a result of differences in individual plasticity. RESULTS Boldness was consistent between a novel-object and a novel-environment situation in bright light. However, no consistency in boldness was noted between a bright (risky) and a dark (safe) novel environment. Furthermore, there was a negative association between boldness and the degree of change across novel environments, with shier individuals exhibiting greater behavioural plasticity. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that individual plasticity can vary with personality. In addition, the effect of light suggests that variation in boldness is situation specific. Finally, there appears to be a trade-off between personality and individual plasticity with shy but plastic individuals minimizing costs when perceiving risk and bold but stable individuals consistently maximizing rewards, which can be maladaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos Kareklas
- />School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Gareth Arnott
- />School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Robert W. Elwood
- />School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
| | - Richard A. Holland
- />School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK
- />School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
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Rupia EJ, Binning SA, Roche DG, Lu W. Fight-flight or freeze-hide? Personality and metabolic phenotype mediate physiological defence responses in flatfish. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:927-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J. Rupia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources; Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201306 China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 China
| | - Sandra A. Binning
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; CH-2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Dominique G. Roche
- Institute of Biology; University of Neuchâtel; CH-2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Weiqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources; Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201306 China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai 201306 China
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Differences in measures of boldness even when underlying behavioral syndromes are present in two populations of the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). J ETHOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-016-0465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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48
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Norman VC, Pamminger T, Hughes WOH. Behavioural development, fat reserves and their association with productivity in Lasius flavus founding queens. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:23. [PMID: 26922779 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction-related behaviours are key components determining individual fitness. Many behavioural traits are linked, and such trait associations often affect fitness. Here, we combine behavioural and physiological data during two critical time points of founding queens (early and late nest-founding stage) in the claustral ant Lasius flavus to assess how these factors affect their initial productivity. We show that most behavioural traits, except brood care behaviour, are plastic during queen development and demonstrate that there are alternative behavioural pathways to achieve high productivity under standardised conditions. These results indicate that queens can utilise multiple behavioural trait combinations to maximise reproductive output at the earliest, and arguably most critical, time of colony foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Norman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - T Pamminger
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - W O H Hughes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
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Sommer-Trembo C, Zimmer C, Jourdan J, Bierbach D, Plath M. Predator experience homogenizes consistent individual differences in predator avoidance. J ETHOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-016-0460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vallon M, Grom C, Kalb N, Sprenger D, Anthes N, Lindström K, Heubel KU. You eat what you are: personality-dependent filial cannibalism in a fish with paternal care. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1340-52. [PMID: 27087921 PMCID: PMC4775538 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animal parents invest heavily to ensure offspring survival, yet some eventually consume some or all of their very own young. This so‐called filial cannibalism is known from a wide range of taxa, but its adaptive benefit remains largely unclear. The extent to which parents cannibalize their broods varies substantially not only between species, but also between individuals, indicating that intrinsic behavioral differences, or animal personalities, might constitute a relevant proximate trigger for filial cannibalism. Using a marine fish with extensive paternal care, the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), we investigated the influence of animal personality on filial cannibalism by assessing (1) behavioral consistency across a breeding and a nonbreeding context; (2) correlations between different breeding (egg fanning; filial cannibalism) and nonbreeding (activity) behaviors, and, in a separate experiment; (3) whether previously established personality scores affect filial cannibalism levels. We found consistent individual differences in activity across contexts. Partial filial cannibalism was independent of egg fanning but correlated strongly with activity, where active males cannibalized more eggs than less active males. This pattern was strong initially but vanished as the breeding season progressed. The incidence of whole clutch filial cannibalism increased with activity and clutch size. Our findings indicate that filial cannibalism cannot generally be adjusted independently of male personality and is thus phenotypically less plastic than typically assumed. The present work stresses the multidimensional interaction between animal personality, individual plasticity and the environment in shaping filial cannibalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vallon
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Christina Grom
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Nadine Kalb
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dennis Sprenger
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Nils Anthes
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Kai Lindström
- Environmental and Marine Biology Åbo Akademi University 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Katja U Heubel
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
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