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Ruocco N, Varrella S, Romano G, Ianora A, Bentley MG, Somma D, Leonardi A, Mellone S, Zuppa A, Costantini M. Diatom-derived oxylipins induce cell death in sea urchin embryos activating caspase-8 and caspase 3/7. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:128-140. [PMID: 27130972 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are an important class of unicellular algae that produce bioactive secondary metabolites with cytotoxic activity collectively termed oxylipins, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), hydroxyacids (HEPEs), oxo-acids and epoxyalcohols. Previous results showed that at higher concentrations, the PUA decadienal induced apoptosis on copepods and sea urchin embryos via caspase-3 activation; at lower concentrations decadienal affected the expression levels of the caspase-8 gene in embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. In the present work, we studied the effects of other common oxylipins produced by diatoms: two PUAs (heptadienal and octadienal) and four hydroxyacids (5-, 9- 11- and 15-HEPE) on P. lividus cell death and caspase activities. Our results showed that (i) at higher concentrations PUAs and HEPEs induced apoptosis in sea urchin embryos, detected by microscopic observation and through the activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-8 measured by luminescent assays; (ii) at low concentrations, PUAs and HEPEs affected the expression levels of caspase-8 and caspase-3/7 (isolated for the first time here in P. lividus) genes, detected by Real Time qPCR. These findings have interesting implications from the ecological point of view, given the importance of diatom blooms in nutrient-rich aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ruocco
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Varrella
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Matt G Bentley
- Faculty of Science and Technology, C227 Christchurch House, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, UK
| | - Domenico Somma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Mellone
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Zuppa
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
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Ragusa MA, Costa S, Gianguzza M, Roccheri MC, Gianguzza F. Effects of cadmium exposure on sea urchin development assessed by SSH and RT-qPCR: metallothionein genes and their differential induction. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2157-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
In addition to their classic role in cell motility, certain cilia have sensory or signaling functions. In sea urchin embryos, short motile cilia randomly propel the early embryo, while a group of long, immotile cilia appear later, coincident with directional swimming and localized within a region that gives rise to the larval nervous system. Motile cilia can be selectively removed by treatment with a novel derivative of dillapiol, leaving the putative sensory cilia for comparative investigation and a gently deciliated embryo ready for studies of regeneration signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E. Stephens
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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Agnello M, Filosto S, Scudiero R, Rinaldi AM, Roccheri MC. Cadmium induces an apoptotic response in sea urchin embryos. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 12:44-50. [PMID: 17441506 PMCID: PMC1852892 DOI: 10.1379/csc-229r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal toxic for living organisms even at low concentrations. It does not have any biological role, and since it is a permanent metal ion, it is accumulated by many organisms. In the present paper we have studied the apoptotic effects of continuous exposure to subacute/sublethal cadmium concentrations on a model system: Paracentrotus lividus embryos. We demonstrated, by atomic absorption spectrometry, that the intracellular amount of metal increased during exposure time. We found, using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, that long treatments with cadmium triggered a severe DNA fragmentation. We demonstrated, by immunocytochemistry on whole-mount embryos, that treatment with cadmium causes activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of death substrates alpha-fodrin and lamin A. Incubating the embryos since fertilization with Z-DEVD FMK, a caspase-3 inhibitor, we found, by immunocytochemistry, that cleavage by caspase-3 and cleavage of death substrates were inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agnello
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo "A. Monroy" Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed.16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Roccheri MC, Agnello M, Bonaventura R, Matranga V. Cadmium induces the expression of specific stress proteins in sea urchin embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:80-7. [PMID: 15358218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are highly sensitive to many environmental stresses, and consequently, the analysis of their bio-molecular responses to different stress agents is very important for the understanding of putative repair mechanisms. Sea urchin embryos represent a simple though significant model system to test how specific stress can simultaneously affect development and protein expression. Here, we used Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos to study the effects of time-dependent continuous exposure to subacute/sublethal cadmium concentrations. We found that, between 15 and 24 h of exposure, the synthesis of a specific set of stress proteins (90, 72-70, 56, 28, and 25 kDa) was induced, with an increase in the rate of synthesis of 72-70 kDa (hsps), 56 kDa (hsp), and 25 kDa, which was dependent on the lengths of treatment. Recovery experiments in which cadmium was removed showed that while stress proteins continued to be synthesized, embryo development was resumed only after short lengths of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Roccheri
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo A. Monroy, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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6
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Casano C, Gianguzza F, Roccheri MC, Di Giorgi R, Maenza L, Ragusa MA. Hsp40 is involved in cilia regeneration in sea urchin embryos. J Histochem Cytochem 2004; 51:1581-7. [PMID: 14623926 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous paper we demonstrated that, in Paracentrotus lividus embryos, deciliation represents a specific kind of stress that induces an increase in the levels of an acidic protein of about 40 kD (p40). Here we report that deciliation also induces an increase in Hsp40 chaperone levels and enhancement of its ectodermal localization. We suggest that Hsp40 might play a chaperoning role in cilia regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Casano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo Alberto Monroy, Palermo, Italy.
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Wessel GM, Vacquier VD. Isolation of Organelles and Components from Sea Urchin Eggs and Embryos. Methods Cell Biol 2004; 74:491-522. [PMID: 15575619 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(04)74020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Casano C, Roccheri MC, Maenza L, Migliore S, Gianguzza F. Sea urchin deciliation induces thermoresistance and activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2003; 8:70-5. [PMID: 12820656 PMCID: PMC514855 DOI: 10.1379/1466-1268(2003)8<70:sudita>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate by a variety of approaches (ie, morphological analysis, Western blots, immunolocalization, and the use of specific antibodies) that hyperosmotic deciliation stress of sea urchin embryos induces a thermotolerant response. Deciliation is also able to activate a phosphorylation signaling cascade the effector of which might be the p38 stress-activated protein kinase because we found that the administration of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 to sea urchin deciliated gastrula embryos makes the hyperosmotic deciliation stress lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Casano
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo "A. Monroy," Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco D'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Roccheri MC, Patti M, Agnello M, Gianguzza F, Carra E, Rinaldi AM. Localization of mitochondrial Hsp56 chaperonin during sea urchin development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 287:1093-8. [PMID: 11587534 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Paracentrotus lividus nuclear genome encodes for the heat shock inducible chaperonin homolog Hsp 56 (1) and that the mature protein is localized in the mitochondrial matrix (2). In this paper we report that constitutive Hsp56 is maternally inherited, in fact it is present in the in unfertilized eggs, and that it has a perinuclear specific localization during cleavage. In the later stages both the constitutive and the heat shock inducible chaperonin has a specific territorial distribution. Moreover following heat shock, the Hsp56 appears in the cytoplasm and in the postmitochondrial supernatant beside the mitochondrial fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Roccheri
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo "A. Monroy,", Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco D'Orleans, Palermo, 90128, Italy
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Roccheri MC, Onorato K, Tipa C, Casano C. EGTA treatment causes the synthesis of heat shock proteins in sea urchin embryos. MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS : MCBRC 2000; 3:306-11. [PMID: 10964755 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.2000.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paracentrotus lividus embryos, at post-blastular stage, when subjected to a rise in temperature from physiologic (20 degrees C) to 31 degrees C, synthesize a large group of heat shock proteins (hsps), and show a severe inhibition of bulk protein synthesis. We show, by mono- and two-dimensional electrophoresis, that also EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis[beta-aminoethyl ether] tetraacetic acid) treatment induces in sea urchin embryos both marked inhibition of bulk protein synthesis and the synthesis of the entire set of hsps. Furthermore, EGTA-treated sea urchin embryos are able to survive at a temperature otherwise lethal (35 degrees C) becoming thermotolerant. Because incubation with a different calcium-chelator, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), or in calcium-free medium did not induce hsps synthesis we conclude that the stress response caused by EGTA is not related to its calcium chelator function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Roccheri
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo "A. Monroy,", Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
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Stephens RE, Lemieux NA. Molecular chaperones in cilia and flagella: implications for protein turnover. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1999; 44:274-83. [PMID: 10602256 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0169(199912)44:4<274::aid-cm5>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of protein incorporation and turnover in 9+2 ciliary axonemes are not known. Previous reports of an HSP70-related protein, first in Chlamydomonas flagella and then in sea urchin embryonic cilia, suggested a potential role in protein transport or incorporation. The present study further explores this and other chaperones in axonemes from a representative range of organisms. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis proved identity between the sea urchin ciliary 78 kDa HSP and a constitutive cytoplasmic HSP70 cognate (pI = 5.71). When isolated flagella from mature sea urchin sperm were analyzed, the same total amount and distribution of 78 kDa protein as in cilia were found. Antigens of similar size were detected in ctenophore comb plate, molluscan gill, and rabbit tracheal cilia. Absent from sea urchin sperm flagella, TCP-1alpha was detected in sea urchin embryonic and rabbit tracheal cilia; the latter also contained HSP90, detected by two distinct antibodies. Tracheal cilia were shown to undergo axonemal protein turnover while tracheal cells mainly synthesized ciliary proteins. TCP-1alpha progressively appeared in regenerating embryonic cilia only as their growth slowed, suggesting a regulatory role in incorporation or turnover. These results demonstrate that chaperones are widely distributed ciliary and flagellar components, potentially related to axonemal protein dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Stephens
- Department of Physiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Abstract
Work on stress proteins in sea urchin embryos carried out over the last 20 years is reviewed and the following major results are described. Entire sea urchin embryos, if subjected to a rise in temperature at any postblastular stage undergo a wave of heat shock protein (hsp) synthesis and survive. If subjected to the same rise between fertilization and blastula formation, they are not yet able to synthesize hsp and die. Four clones coding for the major hsp, hsp70, have been isolated and sequenced; evidence for the existence of a heat shock factor has been provided, and a mechanism for the developmental regulation of hsp synthesis discussed. Intraembryonic and intracellular hsp location has been described; and a mechanism for achievement of thermotolerance proposed. A chaperonine role for a constitutive mitochondrial hsp56 has been suggested, as well as a role for the constitutive hsp70 in cell division. Heat shock, if preceded by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-12-acetate (TPA) treatment causes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giudice
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo Alberto Monroy Università di Palermo, Italy.
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