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Descamps A, Arnoux P, Frochot C, Barbault F, Deschamp J, Monteil M, Migianu-Griffoni E, Legigan T, Lecouvey M. Synthesis and preliminary anticancer evaluation of photo-responsive prodrugs of hydroxymethylene bisphosphonate alendronate. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116307. [PMID: 38460269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The antitumoral activity of hydroxymethylene bisphosphonates (HMBP) such as alendronate or zoledronate is hampered by their exceptional bone-binding properties and their short plasmatic half-life which preclude their accumulation in non-skeletal tumors. In this context, the use of lipophilic prodrugs represents a simple and straightforward strategy to enhance the biodistribution of bisphosphonates in these tissues. We describe in this article the synthesis of light-responsive prodrugs of HMBP alendronate. These prodrugs include lipophilic photo-removable nitroveratryl groups which partially mask the highly polar alendronate HMBP scaffold. Photo-responsive prodrugs of alendronate are stable in physiological conditions and display reduced toxicity compared to alendronate against MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. However, the antiproliferative effect of these prodrugs is efficiently restored after cleavage of their nitroveratryl groups upon exposure to UV light. In addition, substitution of alendronate with such photo-responsive substituents drastically reduces its bone-binding properties, thereby potentially improving its biodistribution in soft tissues after i.v. administration. The development of such lipophilic photo-responsive prodrugs is a promising approach to fully exploit the anticancer effect of HMBPs on non-skeletal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Descamps
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Department of Chemistry, UMR-CNRS, 7244, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Céline Frochot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Julia Deschamp
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Department of Chemistry, UMR-CNRS, 7244, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Maelle Monteil
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Department of Chemistry, UMR-CNRS, 7244, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Evelyne Migianu-Griffoni
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Department of Chemistry, UMR-CNRS, 7244, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Thibaut Legigan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Department of Chemistry, UMR-CNRS, 7244, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000, Bobigny, France.
| | - Marc Lecouvey
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Department of Chemistry, UMR-CNRS, 7244, 1 Rue de Chablis, F-93000, Bobigny, France.
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2
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Pham AC, Holstein SA, Borgstahl GE. Structural Insight into Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase (GGDPS) for Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:14-23. [PMID: 37756579 PMCID: PMC10762340 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), the source of the isoprenoid donor in protein geranylgeranylation reactions, has become an attractive target for anticancer therapy due to the reliance of cancers on geranylgeranylated proteins. Current GGDPS inhibitor development focuses on optimizing the drug-target enzyme interactions of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate-based drugs. To advance GGDPS inhibitor development, understanding the enzyme structure, active site, and ligand/product interactions is essential. Here we provide a comprehensive structure-focused review of GGDPS. We reviewed available yeast and human GGDPS structures and then used AlphaFold modeling to complete unsolved structural aspects of these models. We delineate the elements of higher-order structure formation, product-substrate binding, the electrostatic surface, and small-molecule inhibitor binding. With the rise of structure-based drug design, the information provided here will serve as a valuable tool for rationally optimizing inhibitor selectivity and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sarah A. Holstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Gloria E.O. Borgstahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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3
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Turhanen PA. Synthesis of the biologically important dideuterium-labelled adenosine triphosphate analogue ApppI( d2). Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1466-1470. [PMID: 36300010 PMCID: PMC9577381 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of the dideuterium-labelled ATP analogue 1-adenosin-5’-yl-3-(3-methylbut-3-en-1,1-d2-1-ol) triphosphoric acid diester (ApppI(d2)) is described. ApppI has been reported to be an important mevalonate pathway metabolite, induced by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates used for the treatment of several diseases related to the calcium metabolism, of which osteoporosis is the most well-known. The availability of ApppI(d2) opens possibilities to quantitative measurements of ApppI in biological samples by mass spectrometry. The synthesized target compound ApppI(d2) was purified by high-performance counter current chromatography and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri A Turhanen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Picard MÈ, Cusson M, Sen SE, Shi R. Rational design of Lepidoptera-specific insecticidal inhibitors targeting farnesyl diphosphate synthase, a key enzyme of the juvenile hormone biosynthetic pathway. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:7-15. [PMID: 33746541 PMCID: PMC7953025 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the use of broad-spectrum insecticides is one of the many challenges currently faced by insect pest management practitioners. For this reason, efforts are being made to develop environmentally benign pest-control products through bio-rational approaches that aim at disrupting physiological processes unique to specific groups of pests. Perturbation of hormonal regulation of insect development and reproduction is one such strategy. It has long been hypothesized that some enzymes in the juvenile hormone biosynthetic pathway of moths, butterflies and caterpillars (order Lepidoptera) display unique structural features that could be targeted for the development of Lepidoptera-specific insecticides, a promising avenue given the numerous agricultural and forest pests belonging to this order. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, FPPS, is one such enzyme, with recent work suggesting that it has structural characteristics that may enable its selective inhibition. This review synthesizes current knowledge on FPPS and summarizes recent advances in its use as a target for insecticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Picard
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Michel Cusson
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Station Ste. Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Stephanie E. Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 7718, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - Rong Shi
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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5
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Legigan T, Migianu-Griffoni E, Redouane MA, Descamps A, Deschamp J, Gager O, Monteil M, Barbault F, Lecouvey M. Synthesis and preliminary anticancer evaluation of new triazole bisphosphonate-based isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113241. [PMID: 33571830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new set of triazole bisphosphonates 8a-d and 9a-d presenting an alkyl or phenyl substituent at the C-4 or C-5 position of the triazole ring is described. These compounds have been evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas), MDA-MB-231 (breast) and A549 (lung) human tumor cell lines. 4-hexyl- and 4-octyltriazole bisphosphonates 8b-c both displayed remarkable antiproliferative activities with IC50 values in the micromolar range (0.75-2.4 μM) and were approximately 4 to 12-fold more potent than zoledronate. Moreover, compound 8b inhibits geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis in MIA PaCa-2 cells which ultimately led to tumor cells death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Legigan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France.
| | - Evelyne Migianu-Griffoni
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Mohamed Abdenour Redouane
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Aurélie Descamps
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Julia Deschamp
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Olivier Gager
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Maëlle Monteil
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Marc Lecouvey
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR-CNRS 7244, Laboratoire Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), équipe Chimie Bioorganique et Synthèse, 1 rue de Chablis, 93000, Bobigny, France.
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6
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Park J, Pandya VR, Ezekiel SJ, Berghuis AM. Phosphonate and Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthases: A Structure-Guided Perspective. Front Chem 2021; 8:612728. [PMID: 33490038 PMCID: PMC7815940 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.612728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonates and bisphosphonates have proven their pharmacological utility as inhibitors of enzymes that metabolize phosphate and pyrophosphate substrates. The blockbuster class of drugs nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates represent one of the best-known examples. Widely used to treat bone-resorption disorders, these drugs work by inhibiting the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Playing a key role in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, this enzyme is also a potential anticancer target. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research efforts to identify new inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase for various therapeutic applications. While the majority of these efforts have been directed against the human enzyme, some have been targeted on its homologs from other organisms, such as protozoan parasites and insects. Our particular focus is on the structures of the target enzymes and how the structural information has guided the drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Vishal R Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sean J Ezekiel
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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7
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Abdelmagid WM, Mahmoodi N, Tanner ME. A guanidinium-based inhibitor of a type I isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127577. [PMID: 32979487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An inhibitor bearing a phosphinylphosphonate group appended to a guanidinium functionality was designed to inhibit enzymes that generate carbocations from dimethylallyl diphosphate. When tested against human farnesyl diphosphate synthase the inhibitor bound with high micromolar affinity and did not bind more tightly than an isosteric inhibitor lacking the guanidinium functionality. When tested against the Type I isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase from Escherichia coli, the inhibitor bound with a Ki value of 120 nM, which was 400 times greater than its isosteric counterpart. This strategy of inhibition was much more effective with an enzyme that generates a carbocation that is not stabilized by both resonance and ion pairing, presumably because there is more evolutionary pressure on the enzyme to stabilize the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid M Abdelmagid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Niusha Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Martin E Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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8
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Rogers MJ, Mönkkönen J, Munoz MA. Molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates and new insights into their effects outside the skeleton. Bone 2020; 139:115493. [PMID: 32569873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BP) are a class of calcium-binding drug used to prevent bone resorption in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease. They act by selectively targeting bone-resorbing osteoclasts and can be grouped into two classes depending on their intracellular mechanisms of action. Simple BPs cause osteoclast apoptosis after cytoplasmic conversion into toxic ATP analogues. In contrast, nitrogen-containing BPs potently inhibit FPP synthase, an enzyme of the mevalonate (cholesterol biosynthesis) pathway. This results in production of a toxic metabolite (ApppI) and the loss of long-chain isoprenoid lipids required for protein prenylation, a process necessary for the function of small GTPase proteins essential for the survival and activity of osteoclasts. In this review we provide a state-of-the-art overview of these mechanisms of action and a historical perspective of how they were discovered. Finally, we challenge the long-held dogma that BPs act only in the skeleton and highlight recent studies that reveal insights into hitherto unknown effects on tumour-associated and tissue-resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jukka Mönkkönen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Marcia A Munoz
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Branco Santos JC, de Melo JA, Maheshwari S, de Medeiros WMTQ, de Freitas Oliveira JW, Moreno CJ, Mario Amzel L, Gabelli SB, Sousa Silva M. Bisphosphonate-Based Molecules as Potential New Antiparasitic Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E2602. [PMID: 32503272 PMCID: PMC7321420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases such as Chagas disease and leishmaniasis affect millions of people around the world. Both diseases affect various parts of the globe and drugs traditionally used in therapy against these diseases have limitations, especially with regard to low efficacy and high toxicity. In this context, the class of bisphosphonate-based compounds has made significant advances regarding the chemical synthesis process as well as the pharmacological properties attributed to these compounds. Among this spectrum of pharmacological activity, bisphosphonate compounds with antiparasitic activity stand out, especially in the treatment of Chagas disease and leishmaniasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., respectively. Some bisphosphonate compounds can inhibit the mevalonate pathway, an essential metabolic pathway, by interfering with the synthesis of ergosterol, a sterol responsible for the growth and viability of these parasites. Therefore, this review aims to present the information about the importance of these compounds as antiparasitic agents and as potential new drugs to treat Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Castelo Branco Santos
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Alves de Melo
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Sweta Maheshwari
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Wendy Marina Toscano Queiroz de Medeiros
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Johny Wysllas de Freitas Oliveira
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Jassica Moreno
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
| | - L. Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.A.)
| | - Sandra B. Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.M.); (L.M.A.)
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marcelo Sousa Silva
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil; (J.C.B.S.); (J.A.d.M.); (W.M.T.Q.d.M.); (J.W.d.F.O.); (C.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, 1800-166 Lisbon, Portugal
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Villalta F, Rachakonda G. Advances in preclinical approaches to Chagas disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1161-1174. [PMID: 31411084 PMCID: PMC6779130 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1652593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Chagas disease affects 8-10 million people worldwide, mainly in Latin America. The current therapy for Chagas disease is limited to nifurtimox and benznidazole, which are effective in treating only the acute phase of the disease but with severe side effects. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new drugs and for the exploration of innovative approaches which may lead to the discovery of new effective and safe drugs for its treatment. Areas covered: The authors report and discuss recent approaches including structure-based design that have led to the discovery of new promising small molecule candidates for Chagas disease which affect prime targets that intervene in the sterol pathway of T. cruzi. Other trypanosome targets, phenotypic screening, the use of artificial intelligence and the challenges with Chagas disease drug discovery are also discussed. Expert opinion: The application of recent scientific innovations to the field of Chagas disease have led to the discovery of new promising drug candidates for Chagas disease. Phenotypic screening brought new hits and opportunities for drug discovery. Artificial intelligence also has the potential to accelerate drug discovery in Chagas disease and further research into this is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Villalta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Girish Rachakonda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College , Nashville , TN , USA
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11
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Metwally NH, Saad GR, Abd El-Wahab EA. Grafting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with pyrazole derivatives: characterization, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking study. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6645-6659. [PMID: 31686804 PMCID: PMC6709384 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s182699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is well known that the grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have antibacterial activity and lower cytotoxicity. Moreover, pyrazole derivatives have a broad spectrum of biological activity due to their fertile template for many medicinal drugs. On view of these findings we report herein the hybridization between MWCNTs and some pyrazole derivatives as antibacterial agents. Materials and methods Pyrazole and pyrazolone derivatives were grafted onto the surface of carboxylated MWCNTs via the reaction of carboxylated MWCNTs and the diazonium salts of pyrazoles and pyrazolones using mixed acid treatment. The insertion of the pyrazole and pyrazolone moieties was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric (TGA). Results The results indicate that pyrazole and pyrazolone moieties successfully attached on carboxylated MWCNTs surface. The neat pyrazole and pyrazolone derivatives and their corresponding carbon nanotubes were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans bacteria, and Aspergillusniger fungi. The results showed that the grafted carbon nanotubes of pyrazole and pyrazolone derivatives have better antimicrobial activity than the neat pyrazole and pyrazolone derivatives. The molecular docking studies were performed on the most potent antimicrobial compounds to investigate the existence of the interactions between the most active inhibitors and Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS). Conclusion The surface of the carboxylated MWCNTs was successfully grafted with some pyrazole derivatives. The antibacterial activity was investigated for the newly synthesized compounds and indicated that the grafted MWCNTs have good antibacterial activity toward some pathogenic types of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gamal Riad Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa Azmy Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering Shoubra, Benha University
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12
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Romanenko VD. α-Heteroatom-substituted gem-Bisphosphonates: Advances in the Synthesis and Prospects for Biomedical Application. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190401141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized gem-bisphosphonic acid derivatives being pyrophosphate isosteres are of great synthetic and biological interest since they are currently the most important class of drugs developed for the treatment of diseases associated with the disorder of calcium metabolism, including osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and hypercalcemia. In this article, we will try to give an in-depth overview of the methods for obtaining α- heteroatom-substituted methylenebisphosphonates and acquaint the reader with the synthetic strategies that are used to develop biologically important compounds of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D. Romanenko
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1-Murmanska Street, Kyiv-94, 02660, Ukraine
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13
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Bisso S, Mura S, Castagner B, Couvreur P, Leroux JC. Dual delivery of nucleic acids and PEGylated-bisphosphonates via calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:142-152. [PMID: 31220571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite many years of research and a few success stories with gene therapeutics, efficient and safe DNA delivery remains a major bottleneck for the clinical translation of gene-based therapies. Gene transfection with calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles brings the advantages of low toxicity, high DNA entrapment efficiency and good endosomal escape properties. The macroscale aggregation of CaP nanoparticles can be easily prevented through surface coating with bisphosphonate conjugates. Bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, recently showed promising anticancer effects. However, their poor cellular permeability and preferential bone accumulation hamper their full application in chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the dual delivery of plasmid DNA and alendronate using CaP nanoparticles, with the goal to facilitate cellular internalization of both compounds and potentially achieve a combined pharmacological effect on the same or different cell lines. A pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate conjugate was synthetized and used to formulate stable plasmid DNA-loaded CaP nanoparticles. These particles displayed good transfection efficiency in cancer cells and a strong cytotoxic effect on macrophages. The in vivo transfection efficiency, however, remained low, calling for an improvement of the system, possibly with respect to the extent of particle uptake and their physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bisso
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Bastien Castagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR 8612, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Malwal SR, Chen L, Hicks H, Qu F, Liu W, Shillo A, Law WX, Zhang J, Chandnani N, Han X, Zheng Y, Chen CC, Guo RT, AbdelKhalek A, Seleem MN, Oldfield E. Discovery of Lipophilic Bisphosphonates That Target Bacterial Cell Wall and Quinone Biosynthesis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2564-2581. [PMID: 30730737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report that alkyl-substituted bisphosphonates have activity against Bacillus anthracis Sterne (0.40 μg/mL), Mycobacterium smegmatis (1.4 μg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (1.0 μg/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus (13 μg/mL). In many cases, there is no effect of serum binding, as well as low activity against a human embryonic kidney cell line. Targeting of isoprenoid biosynthesis is involved with 74 having IC50 values of ∼100 nM against heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase and 200 nM against farnesyl diphosphate synthase. B. subtilis growth inhibition was rescued by addition of farnesyl diphosphate, menaquinone-4 (MK-4), or undecaprenyl phosphate (UP), and the combination of MK-4 and UP resulted in a 25× increase in ED50, indicating targeting of both quinone and cell wall biosynthesis. Clostridioides difficile was inhibited by 74, and since this organism does not synthesize quinones, cell wall biosynthesis is the likely target. We also solved three X-ray structures of inhibitors bound to octaprenyl diphosphate and/or undecaprenyl diphosphate synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weidong Liu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Han
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory , Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 200208 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Ahmed AbdelKhalek
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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15
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Waller DD, Park J, Tsantrizos YS. Inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and/or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis and its implication in the treatment of cancers. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:41-60. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1568964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Xia Y, Xie Y, Yu Z, Xiao H, Jiang G, Zhou X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhao M, Li L, Zheng M, Han S, Zong Z, Meng X, Deng H, Ye H, Fa Y, Wu H, Oldfield E, Hu X, Liu W, Shi Y, Zhang Y. The Mevalonate Pathway Is a Druggable Target for Vaccine Adjuvant Discovery. Cell 2018; 175:1059-1073.e21. [PMID: 30270039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the clinical observation that interruption of the mevalonate pathway stimulates immune responses, we hypothesized that this pathway may function as a druggable target for vaccine adjuvant discovery. We found that lipophilic statin drugs and rationally designed bisphosphonates that target three distinct enzymes in the mevalonate pathway have potent adjuvant activities in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. These inhibitors function independently of conventional "danger sensing." Instead, they inhibit the geranylgeranylation of small GTPases, including Rab5 in antigen-presenting cells, resulting in arrested endosomal maturation, prolonged antigen retention, enhanced antigen presentation, and T cell activation. Additionally, inhibiting the mevalonate pathway enhances antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity, inducing both Th1 and cytolytic T cell responses. As demonstrated in multiple mouse cancer models, the mevalonate pathway inhibitors are robust for cancer vaccinations and synergize with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Our research thus defines the mevalonate pathway as a druggable target for vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Guimei Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Mingke Zheng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Huahu Ye
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Fa
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Institute Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
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17
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Abdelmagid WM, Adak T, Freeman JO, Tanner ME. Studies with Guanidinium- and Amidinium-Based Inhibitors Suggest Minimal Stabilization of Allylic Carbocation Intermediates by Dehydrosqualene and Squalene Synthases. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5591-5601. [PMID: 30179505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrosqualene and squalene synthases catalyze the redox neutral and the reductive, head-to-head dimerization of farnesyl diphosphate, respectively. In each case, the reaction is thought to proceed via an initial dissociation of farnesyl diphosphate to form an allylic carbocation-pyrophosphate ion pair. This work describes the synthesis and testing of inhibitors in which a guanidinium or amidinium moiety is flanked by a phosphonylphosphinate group and a hydrocarbon tail. These functional groups bear a planar, delocalized, positive charge and therefore should act as excellent mimics of an allylic carbocation. An inhibitor bearing a neutral urea moiety was also prepared as a control. The positively charged inhibitors acted as competitive inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus dehydrosqualene synthase with Ki values in the low micromolar range. Surprisingly, the neutral urea inhibitor was the most potent of the three. Similar trends were seen with the first half reaction of human squalene synthase. One interpretation of these results is that the active sites of these enzymes do not directly stabilize the allylic carbocation via electrostatic or π-cation interactions. Instead, it is likely that the enzymes use tight binding to the pyrophosphate and lipid moieties to promote catalysis and that electrostatic stabilization of the carbocation is provided by the bound pyrophosphate product. An alternate possibility is that these inhibitors cannot bind to the "ionization FPP-binding site" of the enzyme and only bind to the "nonionizing FPP-binding site". In either case, all reported attempts to generate potent inhibitors with cationic FPP analogues have been unsuccessful to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid M Abdelmagid
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Taniya Adak
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Jon O Freeman
- Department of Chemistry , Pacific Lutheran University , Tacoma , Washington 98447 , United States
| | - Martin E Tanner
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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18
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Malwal SR, O'Dowd B, Feng X, Turhanen P, Shin C, Yao J, Kim BK, Baig N, Zhou T, Bansal S, Khade RL, Zhang Y, Oldfield E. Bisphosphonate-Generated ATP-Analogs Inhibit Cell Signaling Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7568-7578. [PMID: 29787268 PMCID: PMC6022752 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are a major class of drugs used to treat osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and cancer. They have been proposed to act by inhibiting one or more targets including protein prenylation, the epidermal growth factor receptor, or the adenine nucleotide translocase. Inhibition of the latter is due to formation in cells of analogs of ATP: the isopentenyl ester of ATP (ApppI) or an AppXp-type analog of ATP, such as AMP-clodronate (AppCCl2p). We screened both ApppI as well as AppCCl2p against a panel of 369 kinases finding potent inhibition of some tyrosine kinases by AppCCl2p, attributable to formation of a strong hydrogen bond between tyrosine and the terminal phosphonate. We then synthesized bisphosphonate preprodrugs that are converted in cells to other ATP-analogs, finding low nM kinase inhibitors that inhibited cell signaling pathways. These results help clarify our understanding of the mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates, potentially opening up new routes to the development of bone resorption, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish R Malwal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Bing O'Dowd
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Petri Turhanen
- School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio , University of Eastern Finland , PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio , Finland
| | - Christopher Shin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Boo Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Noman Baig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Sandhya Bansal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Stevens Institute of Technology , 1 Castle Point Terrace , Hoboken , New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Stevens Institute of Technology , 1 Castle Point Terrace , Hoboken , New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Luo C, Zhu C, Zhang C, Guo Z, Wang X. A Potential Bone-Targeting Hypotoxic Platinum(II) Complex with an Unusual Cytostatic Mechanism toward Osteosarcoma Cells. Inorg Chem 2018. [PMID: 29513007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary pediatric bone tumor lethal to children and adolescents. Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin are not effective for OS because of their poor accessibility to this cancer and severe systemic toxicity. In this study, a lipophilic platinum(II) complex bearing a bisphosphonate bone-targeting moiety, cis-[PtL(NH3)2Cl]NO3 {BPP; L = tetraethyl [2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,1-diyl]bisphosphonate}, was prepared and characterized by NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The cytotoxicity of BPP toward OS cell lines U2OS and MG-63 was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. BPP exhibits moderate inhibition against U2OS cells through a mechanism involving both DNA binding and a mevalonate pathway. The acute toxicity of BPP to mice is 7-fold lower than that of cisplatin. The relative low systemic toxicity may result from the steric hindrance of the ligand, which blocks BPP approaching the bases of DNA. The results suggest that incorporating bisphosphonates into a platinum complex not only enhances its bone-targeting property but also minimizes its reactivity toward DNA and thereby lowers the systematic toxicity of the complex. The diminished cytotoxicity of BPP could be compensated for by increasing the therapeutic dose with marginal harm. This strategy provides a new possibility for overcoming the ineffectiveness and systemic toxicity of platinum drugs in the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , People's Republic of China
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20
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Picard MÈ, Nisole A, Béliveau C, Sen S, Barbar A, Shi R, Cusson M. Structural characterization of a lepidopteran type-II farnesyl diphosphate synthase from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana: Implications for inhibitor design. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 92:84-92. [PMID: 29183817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is an enzyme from the class of short chain (E)-prenyltransferases that catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, C5) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP, C5) to generate the C15 product FPP. In insects, FPPS plays a key role in the biosynthesis of the morphogenetic and gonadotropic "juvenile hormone" (JH). Lepidopteran genomes encode two very distinct FPPS paralogs, one of which ("type-II") is expressed almost exclusively in the JH-producing glands, the corpora allata. This paralog has been hypothesized to display structural features that enable the binding of the bulkier precursors required for the biosynthesis of lepidopteran ethyl-branched JHs. Here, we report on the first crystal structures of an insect FPPS solved to date. Apo, ligand-bound, and inhibitor-bound structures of type-II FPPS (FPPS2) from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Order: Lepidoptera), were obtained. Comparison of apo and inhibitor-bound enzymes revealed differences in both inhibitor binding and structural plasticity of CfFPPS2 compared to other FPPSs. Our data showed that IPP is not essential to the closure of the C-terminal tail. Ortho-substituted pyridinium bisphosphonates, previously shown to inhibit CfFPPS2, bound to the allylic site, as predicted; however, their alkyl groups were oriented towards the homoallylic binding site, with the bulkier propyl-substituted inhibitor penetrating deeply into the IPP binding pocket. The current study sheds light on the structural basis of substrate specificity of type-II FPPS of the spruce budworm. Through a comparison with other inhibitor-bound FPPSs, we propose several approaches to improve inhibitor selectivity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Picard
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Audrey Nisole
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
| | - Catherine Béliveau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 7718, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA.
| | - Aline Barbar
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
| | - Rong Shi
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Michel Cusson
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, Station Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.
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Bretti C, De Stefano C, Lando G, Majlesi K, Sammartano S. Thermodynamics (Solubility and Protonation Constants) of Risedronic Acid in Different Media and Temperatures (283.15–318.15 K). J SOLUTION CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-017-0660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Synergistic Activity between Statins and Bisphosphonates against Acute Experimental Toxoplasmosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02628-16. [PMID: 28559264 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02628-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are widely used for the treatment of bone disorders. These drugs also inhibit the growth of a variety of protozoan parasites, such as Toxoplasma gondii, the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis. The target of the most potent bisphosphonates is the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS). Based on our previous work on the inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing linear bisphosphonates against T. gondii, we investigated the potential synergistic interaction between one of these derivatives, 1-[(n-heptylthio)ethyl]-1,1-bisphosphonate (C7S), and statins, which are potent inhibitors of the host 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (3-HMG-CoA reductase). C7S showed high activity against the T. gondii bifunctional farnesyl diphosphate (FPP)/geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase (TgFPPS), which catalyzes the formation of FPP and GGPP (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 31 ± 0.01 nM [mean ± standard deviation]), and modest effect against the human FPPS (IC50 = 1.3 ± 0.5 μM). We tested combinations of C7S with statins against the in vitro replication of T. gondii We also treated mice infected with a lethal dose of T. gondii with similar combinations. We found strong synergistic activities when using low doses of C7S, which were stronger in vivo than when tested in vitro We also investigated the synergism of several commercially available bisphosphonates with statins both in vitro and in vivo Our results provide evidence that it is possible to develop drug combinations that act synergistically by inhibiting host and parasite enzymes in vitro and in vivo.
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Turhanen PA. Synthesis of a Biologically Important Adenosine Triphosphate Analogue, ApppD. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2835-2838. [PMID: 30023676 PMCID: PMC6044877 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of a adenosine triphosphate analogue, 1-adenosin-5'-yl 3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) triphosphoric acid diester (ApppD), is described. ApppD is known to be an active metabolite of the mevalonate pathway in the human body like its structural isomer isopentenyl ester of ATP (ApppI). Very recently, ApppI has been found to possess novel function(s); now it will also be possible to examine the effects of ApppD more precisely because it can be synthesized in reasonable amounts. 1-Adenosin-5'-yl 3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) diphosphoric acid diester (AppD; a adenosine diphosphate analogue) was also isolated from the synthesis mixture. Both ApppD and AppD were characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and mass spectrometry methods.
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24
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New insights into human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibition by second-generation bisphosphonate drugs. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2017. [PMID: 28631130 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-017-0034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pamidronate, alendronate, APHBP and neridronate are a group of drugs, known as second-generation bisphosphonates (2G-BPs), commonly used in the treatment of bone-resorption disorders, and recently their use has been related to some collateral side effects. The therapeutic activity of 2G-BPs is related to the inhibition of the human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (hFPPS). Available inhibitory activity values show that 2G-BPs act time-dependently, showing big differences in their initial inhibitory activities but similar final IC50 values. However, there is a lack of information explaining this similar final inhibitory potency. Although different residues have been identified in the stabilization of the R2 side chain of 2G-BPs into the active site, similar free binding energies were obtained that highlighted a similar stability of the ternary complexes, which in turns justified the similar IC50 values reported. Free binding energy calculations also demonstrated that the union of 2G-BPs to the active site were 38 to 54 kcal mol-1 energetically more favourable than the union of the natural substrate, which is the basis of the inhibition potency of the hFPPS activity.
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25
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Agabiti SS, Li J, Wiemer AJ. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibition induces apoptosis that is dependent upon GGPP depletion, ERK phosphorylation and caspase activation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2678. [PMID: 28300835 PMCID: PMC5386513 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are diphosphate analogs that inhibit the intermediate enzymes of the mevalonate pathway. Here, we compared the effects of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitor, zoledronate, and a geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) inhibitor, digeranyl bisphosphonate (DGBP), on lymphocytic leukemia cell proliferation and apoptosis. Both zoledronate and DGBP inhibited proliferation with DGBP doing so more potently. DGBP was markedly less toxic than zoledronate toward the viability of healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Addition of GGPP, but not farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), prevented the anti-proliferative effects of DGBP. Both GGPP and FPP partially rescued the effects of zoledronate. Co-treatment with DGBP and zoledronate was antagonistic. To further assess the effects of the bisphosphonates, we analyzed annexin V and propidium iodide staining via flow cytometry and found that DGBP induced apoptosis more potently than zoledronate. Western blots show that DGBP treatment altered expression and membrane affinity of some but not all geranylgeranylated small GTPases, activated caspases and increased ERK phosphorylation. Importantly, the anti-proliferative effects of DGBP were blocked by treatment with a caspase inhibitor and by treatment with a MEK inhibitor. Together, our findings indicate that DGBP is a more potent and selective compound than zoledronate in inducing apoptosis mediated through pathways that include caspases and MEK/ERK. These findings support the further development of GGDPS inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry S Agabiti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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26
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In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Sulfur-Containing Linear Bisphosphonates against Apicomplexan Parasites. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01590-16. [PMID: 27895021 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01590-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested a series of sulfur-containing linear bisphosphonates against Toxoplasma gondii, the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis. The most potent compound (compound 22; 1-[(n-decylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) is a sulfone-containing compound, which had a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.11 ± 0.02 μM against intracellular tachyzoites. The compound showed low toxicity when tested in tissue culture with a selectivity index of >2,000. Compound 22 also showed high activity in vivo in a toxoplasmosis mouse model. The compound inhibited the Toxoplasma farnesyl diphosphate synthase (TgFPPS), but the concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the enzymatic activity (IC50) was higher than the concentration that inhibited 50% of growth. We tested compound 22 against two other apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (EC50 of 0.6 ± 0.01 μM), the agent of malaria, and Cryptosporidium parvum (EC50 of ∼65 μM), the agent of cryptosporidiosis. Our results suggest that compound 22 is an excellent novel compound that could lead to the development of potent agents against apicomplexan parasites.
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27
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O'Dell WB, Bodenheimer AM, Meilleur F. Neutron protein crystallography: A complementary tool for locating hydrogens in proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 602:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Ferlazzo V, Sferrazza C, Caccamo N, Di Fede G, Di Lorenzo G, D'Asaro M, Meraviglia S, Dieli F, Rini G, Salerno A. In Vitro Effects of Aminobisphosphonates on Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Activation and Differentiation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:309-17. [PMID: 16831298 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have evaluated the in vitro effects of four different aminobisphosphonates, alendronate, risedronate, neridronate and zoledronate, on Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation and differentiation. All tested aminobisphosphonates induce an IL-2-dependent activation and expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes in primary PBMC cultures of healthy donors. Most notably, they also determine a different distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subsets, with decrease of Tnaive and TCM cells and increase of TEM and TEMRA Vγ9Vδ2 cells, indicating that in vitro treatment with aminobisphosphonates induces Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes to differentiate towards an effector/cytotoxic phenotype. Accordingly, Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes cultured with aminobisphosphonates and IL-2 showed a major content of IFN-γ and acquired the ability to kill tumor target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ferlazzo
- Dept. of Biopathology and Biomedical Methods, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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29
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Rodriguez JB, Falcone BN, Szajnman SH. Approaches for Designing new Potent Inhibitors of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:307-20. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1143814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Sun S, Błażewska KM, Kadina AP, Kashemirov BA, Duan X, Triffitt JT, Dunford JE, Russell RGG, Ebetino FH, Roelofs AJ, Coxon FP, Lundy MW, McKenna CE. Fluorescent Bisphosphonate and Carboxyphosphonate Probes: A Versatile Imaging Toolkit for Applications in Bone Biology and Biomedicine. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:329-40. [PMID: 26646666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A bone imaging toolkit of 21 fluorescent probes with variable spectroscopic properties, bone mineral binding affinities, and antiprenylation activities has been created, including a novel linking strategy. The linking chemistry allows attachment of a diverse selection of dyes fluorescent in the visible to near-infrared range to any of the three clinically important heterocyclic bisphosphonate bone drugs (risedronate, zoledronate, and minodronate or their analogues). The resultant suite of conjugates offers multiple options to "mix and match" parent drug structure, fluorescence emission wavelength, relative bone affinity, and presence or absence of antiprenylation activity, for bone-related imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,BioVinc LLC , 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, California 90230, United States
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anastasia P Kadina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Boris A Kashemirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Xuchen Duan
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - James T Triffitt
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - James E Dunford
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - R Graham G Russell
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- BioVinc LLC , 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, California 90230, United States
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser P Coxon
- Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Lundy
- BioVinc LLC , 6162 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, California 90230, United States
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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31
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Tsoumpra MK, Muniz JR, Barnett BL, Kwaasi AA, Pilka ES, Kavanagh KL, Evdokimov A, Walter RL, Von Delft F, Ebetino FH, Oppermann U, Russell RGG, Dunford JE. The inhibition of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. Elucidating the role of active site threonine 201 and tyrosine 204 residues using enzyme mutants. Bone 2015; 81:478-486. [PMID: 26318908 PMCID: PMC4652608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is the major molecular target of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), used clinically as bone resorption inhibitors. We investigated the role of threonine 201 (Thr201) and tyrosine 204 (Tyr204) residues in substrate binding, catalysis and inhibition by N-BPs, employing kinetic and crystallographic studies of mutated FPPS proteins. Mutants of Thr201 illustrated the importance of the methyl group in aiding the formation of the Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) binding site, while Tyr204 mutations revealed the unknown role of this residue in both catalysis and IPP binding. The interaction between Thr201 and the side chain nitrogen of N-BP was shown to be important for tight binding inhibition by zoledronate (ZOL) and risedronate (RIS), although RIS was also still capable of interacting with the main-chain carbonyl of Lys200. The interaction of RIS with the phenyl ring of Tyr204 proved essential for the maintenance of the isomerized enzyme-inhibitor complex. Studies with conformationally restricted analogues of RIS reaffirmed the importance of Thr201 in the formation of hydrogen bonds with N-BPs. In conclusion we have identified new features of FPPS inhibition by N-BPs and revealed unknown roles of the active site residues in catalysis and substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Tsoumpra
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Joao R Muniz
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Bobby L Barnett
- Chemistry Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Aaron A Kwaasi
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Ewa S Pilka
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Kavanagh
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | | | - Frank Von Delft
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - R Graham G Russell
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - James E Dunford
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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32
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Zhou J, Wang X, Kuang M, Wang L, Luo HB, Mo Y, Wu R. Protonation-Triggered Carbon-Chain Elongation in Geranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (GPPS). ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, College of Healthy Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697,United States
| | - Ming Kuang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Laiyou Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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33
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Fernández D, Ortega-Castro J, Mariño L, Perelló J, Frau J. Mechanistic insights into protonation state as a critical factor in hFPPS enzyme inhibition. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:667-80. [PMID: 26081258 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Zoledronate and risedronate are the most powerful available nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates used in the treatment of bone-resorption disorders. Knowledge about inhibition mechanisms of these molecules is based on available crystallographic structures of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS). However, there is a lack of information explaining the inhibition potency of these two molecules compared to the natural substrate, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. We carried out a molecular dynamics study that shown: (1) that NBPs potency is related to higher electrostatic interactions with the metallic cluster of the active site than to the natural substrate, and (2) the protonation of the R2 side chain is a critical factor to stabilize the NBPs into a closely irreversible ternary complex with the hFPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernández
- Department de Química, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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34
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Liu YL, Cao R, Wang Y, Oldfield E. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors with unique ligand-binding geometries. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:349-54. [PMID: 25815158 DOI: 10.1021/ml500528x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is an important drug target for bone resorption, cancer, and some infectious diseases. Here, we report five new structures including two having unique bound ligand geometries. The diamidine inhibitor 7 binds to human FPPS close to the homoallylic (S2) and allosteric (S3) sites and extends into a new site, here called S4. With the bisphosphonate inhibitor 8, two molecules bind to Trypanosoma brucei FPPS, one molecule in the allylic site (S1) and the other close to S2, the first observation of two bisphosphonate molecules bound to FPPS. We also report the structures of apo-FPPS from T. brucei, together with two more bisphosphonate-bound structures (2,9), for purposes of comparison. The diamidine structure is of particular interest because 7 could represent a new lead for lipophilic FPPS inhibitors, while 8 has low micromolar activity against T. brucei, the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Liang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rong Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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35
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Wang AE, Chang Z, Sun WT, Huang PQ. General and Chemoselective Bisphosphonylation of Secondary and Tertiary Amides. Org Lett 2015; 17:732-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-E Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation
Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zong Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation
Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ting Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation
Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation
Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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36
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Gritzalis D, Park J, Chiu W, Cho H, Lin YS, De Schutter JW, Lacbay CM, Zielinski M, Berghuis AM, Tsantrizos YS. Probing the molecular and structural elements of ligands binding to the active site versus an allosteric pocket of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1117-23. [PMID: 25630225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the interactions of bisphosphonate ligands with the active site and an allosteric pocket of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), substituted indole and azabenzimidazole bisphosphonates were designed as chameleon ligands. NMR and crystallographic studies revealed that these compounds can occupy both sub-pockets of the active site cavity, as well as the allosteric pocket of hFPPS in the presence of the enzyme's Mg(2+) ion cofactor. These results are consistent with the previously proposed hypothesis that the allosteric pocket of hFPPS, located near the active site, plays a feed-back regulatory role for this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Gritzalis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Wei Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hyungjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Yih-Shyan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Joris W De Schutter
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Cyrus M Lacbay
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michal Zielinski
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada.
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37
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Resistance-resistant antibiotics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:664-74. [PMID: 25458541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New antibiotics are needed because drug resistance is increasing while the introduction of new antibiotics is decreasing. We discuss here six possible approaches to develop 'resistance-resistant' antibiotics. First, multitarget inhibitors in which a single compound inhibits more than one target may be easier to develop than conventional combination therapies with two new drugs. Second, inhibiting multiple targets in the same metabolic pathway is expected to be an effective strategy owing to synergy. Third, discovering multiple-target inhibitors should be possible by using sequential virtual screening. Fourth, repurposing existing drugs can lead to combinations of multitarget therapeutics. Fifth, targets need not be proteins. Sixth, inhibiting virulence factor formation and boosting innate immunity may also lead to decreased susceptibility to resistance. Although it is not possible to eliminate resistance, the approaches reviewed here offer several possibilities for reducing the effects of mutations and, in some cases, suggest that sensitivity to existing antibiotics may be restored in otherwise drug-resistant organisms.
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38
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Park J, Matralis AN, Berghuis AM, Tsantrizos YS. Human isoprenoid synthase enzymes as therapeutic targets. Front Chem 2014; 2:50. [PMID: 25101260 PMCID: PMC4106277 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, the complex biochemical network known as the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the biosynthesis of all isoprenoids, which consists of a vast array of metabolites that are vital for proper cellular functions. Two key isoprenoids, farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) are responsible for the post-translational prenylation of small GTP-binding proteins, and serve as the biosynthetic precursors to numerous other biomolecules. The down-stream metabolite of FPP and GGPP is squalene, the precursor to steroids, bile acids, lipoproteins, and vitamin D. In the past, interest in prenyl synthase inhibitors focused mainly on the role of the FPP in lytic bone diseases. More recently pre-clinical and clinical studies have strongly implicated high levels of protein prenylation in a plethora of human diseases, including non-skeletal cancers, the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus mainly on the potential therapeutic value of down-regulating the biosynthesis of FPP, GGPP, and squalene. We summarize the most recent drug discovery efforts and the structural data available that support the current on-going studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Chemistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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Shang N, Li Q, Ko TP, Chan HC, Li J, Zheng Y, Huang CH, Ren F, Chen CC, Zhu Z, Galizzi M, Li ZH, Rodrigues-Poveda CA, Gonzalez-Pacanowska D, Veiga-Santos P, de Carvalho TMU, de Souza W, Urbina JA, Wang AHJ, Docampo R, Li K, Liu YL, Oldfield E, Guo RT. Squalene synthase as a target for Chagas disease therapeutics. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004114. [PMID: 24789335 PMCID: PMC4006925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites are the causative agents of many neglected tropical diseases and there is currently considerable interest in targeting endogenous sterol biosynthesis in these organisms as a route to the development of novel anti-infective drugs. Here, we report the first x-ray crystallographic structures of the enzyme squalene synthase (SQS) from a trypanosomatid parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. We obtained five structures of T. cruzi SQS and eight structures of human SQS with four classes of inhibitors: the substrate-analog S-thiolo-farnesyl diphosphate, the quinuclidines E5700 and ER119884, several lipophilic bisphosphonates, and the thiocyanate WC-9, with the structures of the two very potent quinuclidines suggesting strategies for selective inhibitor development. We also show that the lipophilic bisphosphonates have low nM activity against T. cruzi and inhibit endogenous sterol biosynthesis and that E5700 acts synergistically with the azole drug, posaconazole. The determination of the structures of trypanosomatid and human SQS enzymes with a diverse set of inhibitors active in cells provides insights into SQS inhibition, of interest in the context of the development of drugs against Chagas disease. Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and affects eight million individuals, primarily in Latin America. Currently there is no cure for chronic T. cruzi infections. Unlike humans, this parasite use a variety of sterols (e.g. ergosterol, 24-ethyl-cholesta-5,7,22-trien-3 beta ol, and its 22-dihydro analogs), rather than cholesterol in their cell membranes, so inhibiting endogenous sterol biosynthesis is an important therapeutic target. Here, we report the first structure of the parasite's squalene synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in sterol biosynthesis, as well as the structures of a broad range of squalene synthase inhibitors active against the clinically relevant intracellular stages, opening the way to new approaches to treating this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qian Li
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chien Chan
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jikun Li
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Hsiang Huang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zhu-Hong Li
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Rodrigues-Poveda
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Lopez-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores Gonzalez-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “Lopez-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Granada, Spain
| | - Phercyles Veiga-Santos
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, CCS, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Diretoria de Programa, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial–INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tecia Maria Ulisses de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, CCS, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Diretoria de Programa, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial–INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, CCS, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Diretoria de Programa, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial–INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio A. Urbina
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Roberto Docampo
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yi-Liang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EO); (RTG)
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (EO); (RTG)
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40
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Li K, Schurig-Briccio LA, Feng X, Upadhyay A, Pujari V, Lechartier B, Fontes FL, Yang H, Rao G, Zhu W, Gulati A, No JH, Cintra G, Bogue S, Liu YL, Molohon K, Orlean P, Mitchell DA, Freitas-Junior L, Ren F, Sun H, Jiang T, Li Y, Guo RT, Cole ST, Gennis RB, Crick DC, Oldfield E. Multitarget drug discovery for tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3126-39. [PMID: 24568559 PMCID: PMC4084622 DOI: 10.1021/jm500131s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
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We report the discovery of a series
of new drug leads that have
potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as against other bacteria, fungi, and a malaria parasite.
The compounds are analogues of the new tuberculosis (TB) drug SQ109
(1), which has been reported to act by inhibiting a transporter
called MmpL3, involved in cell wall biosynthesis. We show that 1 and the new compounds also target enzymes involved in menaquinone
biosynthesis and electron transport, inhibiting respiration and ATP
biosynthesis, and are uncouplers, collapsing the pH gradient and membrane
potential used to power transporters. The result of such multitarget
inhibition is potent inhibition of TB cell growth, as well as very
low rates of spontaneous drug resistance. Several targets are absent
in humans but are present in other bacteria, as well as in malaria
parasites, whose growth is also inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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41
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Leung CY, Park J, De Schutter JW, Sebag M, Berghuis AM, Tsantrizos YS. Thienopyrimidine Bisphosphonate (ThPBP) Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase: Optimization and Characterization of the Mode of Inhibition. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7939-50. [PMID: 23998921 DOI: 10.1021/jm400946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yuen Leung
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649
Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Joris W. De Schutter
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Michael Sebag
- Division
of Haematology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, C6.80,
687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Albert M. Berghuis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649
Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street
West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649
Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
- Groupe de Recherche
Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir
William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
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42
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Fernández D, Ortega-Castro J, Frau J. Human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibition by nitrogen bisphosphonates: a 3D-QSAR study. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2013; 27:739-54. [PMID: 23979193 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-013-9674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity index analysis of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) inhibition by nitrogen bisphosphonates (NBPs) taking into account their time-dependent inhibition efficacies. The 3D-QSAR models obtained provide steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic contour maps consistent with the interactions into the active site of human FPPS observed in available crystallographic structures. Furthermore, the 3D-QSAR models obtained provide accurately IC50 values of the NBPs of the training set. The predictive ability of these 3D-QSAR models was found to rely on the choice of biologically active conformations of the target molecules and on a careful examination of the protonation status of the NBPs in the training set. The best models obtained can be useful to predict biological values of a high number of NBPs that have been used for the treatment of different diseases as potential inhibitors of the activity of the FPPS enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernández
- Departament de Química, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
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43
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Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase: a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and potential molecular target for drug development. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:114-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Cenni E, Avnet S, Granchi D, Fotia C, Salerno M, Micieli D, Sarpietro MG, Pignatello R, Castelli F, Baldini N. The effect of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-alendronate conjugate nanoparticles on human osteoclast precursors. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:1285-300. [PMID: 21781381 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x580373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) formed from polymers conjugated with bisphosphonates (BPs) allow the bone targeting of loaded drugs, such as doxorubicin, for the treatment of skeletal tumours. The additional antiosteoclastic effect of the conjugated BP could contribute to the inhibition of tumour-associated bone degradation. With this aim, we have produced NPs made of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) conjugated with alendronate (ALE). To show if ALE retained the antiosteoclastic properties after the conjugation with PLGA and the production of NPs, we treated human osteoclasts, derived from circulating precursors, with PLGA-ALE NPs and compared the effects on actin ring generation, apoptosis and type-I collagen degradation with those of free ALE and with NPs made of pure PLGA. PLGA-ALE NPs disrupted actin ring, induced apoptosis and inhibited collagen degradation. Unexpectedly, also NPs made of pure PLGA showed similar effects. Therefore, we cannot exclude that in addition to the observed antiosteoclastic activity dependent on ALE in PLGA-ALE NPs, there was also an effect due to pure PLGA. Still, as PLGA-ALE NPs are intended for the loading with drugs for the treatment of osteolytic bone metastases, the additional antiosteoclastic effect of PLGA-ALE NPs, and even of PLGA, may contribute to the inhibition of the disease-associated bone degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cenni
- a Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , via di Barbiano 1/10 , 40136 , Bologna , Italy
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45
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Lin YS, Park J, De Schutter JW, Huang XF, Berghuis AM, Sebag M, Tsantrizos YS. Design and Synthesis of Active Site Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase: Apoptosis and Inhibition of ERK Phosphorylation in Multiple Myeloma Cells. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3201-15. [PMID: 22390415 DOI: 10.1021/jm201657x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shyan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal,
QC, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Jaeok Park
- Department
of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649
Promenade Sir William Osler,
Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Joris W. De Schutter
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal,
QC, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Xian Fang Huang
- Division of Haematology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital,
C6.80, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Albert M. Berghuis
- Department
of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649
Promenade Sir William Osler,
Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Michael Sebag
- Division of Haematology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital,
C6.80, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Youla S. Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal,
QC, Canada H3A 0B8
- Department
of Biochemistry, McGill University, 3649
Promenade Sir William Osler,
Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 0B1
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46
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Galezowska J, Gumienna-Kontecka E. Phosphonates, their complexes and bio-applications: A spectrum of surprising diversity. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Mucha A, Kafarski P, Berlicki Ł. Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5955-80. [PMID: 21780776 DOI: 10.1021/jm200587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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48
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Sun S, McKenna CE. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase modulators: a patent review (2006 - 2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1433-51. [PMID: 21702715 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.593511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS, also known as farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS)) is one of the key enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway and as such is widely expressed. FPPS modulators, specifically FPPS inhibitors, are useful in treating a number of diseases, including bone-related disorders characterized by excessive bone resorption, for example, osteoporosis, cancer metathesis to bone and infectious diseases caused by certain parasites. AREAS COVERED This review covers structures and applications of novel FPPS modulators described in the patent literature from 2006 to 2010. Patents disclosing new formulations and uses of existing FPPS inhibitors are also reviewed. Thirty-three patents retrieved from the USPTO, EP and WIPO databases are examined with the goal of defining current trends in drug discovery related to FPPS inhibition, and its therapeutic effects. EXPERT OPINION Bisphosphonates (BPs) continue to dominate in this area, although other types of modulators are making their appearance. Remarkable for their high bone mineral affinity, BPs are structural mimics of the dimethylallyl pyrophosphate substrate of FPPS, and constitute the major type of FPPS inhibitor currently used in the clinic for treatment of bone-related diseases. Lipophilic BPs and new classes of non-BP FPPS inhibitors (salicylic acid and quinoline derivatives) have been introduced as possible alternatives for treatment of soft tissue diseases, such as some cancers. Novel formulations, fluorescent diagnostic probes and new therapeutic applications of existing FPPS inhibitors are also areas of significant patent activity, demonstrating growing recognition of the versatility and underdeveloped potential of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Sun
- University of Southern California, Department of Chemistry , Los Angeles, CA 90089 0744 , USA
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49
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Abstract
"Head-to-head" terpene synthases catalyze the first committed steps in sterol and carotenoid biosynthesis: the condensation of two isoprenoid diphosphates to form cyclopropylcarbinyl diphosphates, followed by ring opening. Here, we report the structures of Staphylococcus aureus dehydrosqualene synthase (CrtM) complexed with its reaction intermediate, presqualene diphosphate (PSPP), the dehydrosqualene (DHS) product, as well as a series of inhibitors. The results indicate that, on initial diphosphate loss, the primary carbocation so formed bends down into the interior of the protein to react with C2,3 double bond in the prenyl acceptor to form PSPP, with the lower two-thirds of both PSPP chains occupying essentially the same positions as found in the two farnesyl chains in the substrates. The second-half reaction is then initiated by the PSPP diphosphate returning back to the Mg(2+) cluster for ionization, with the resultant DHS so formed being trapped in a surface pocket. This mechanism is supported by the observation that cationic inhibitors (of interest as antiinfectives) bind with their positive charge located in the same region as the cyclopropyl carbinyl group; that S-thiolo-diphosphates only inhibit when in the allylic site; activity results on 11 mutants show that both DXXXD conserved domains are essential for PSPP ionization; and the observation that head-to-tail isoprenoid synthases as well as terpene cyclases have ionization and alkene-donor sites which spatially overlap those found in CrtM.
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50
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Ortial S, Thompson DA, Montchamp JL. Mixed 1,1-Bisphosphorus Compounds: Synthesis, Alkylation, and Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons Olefination Reactions. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8166-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101814w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Ortial
- Department of Chemistry, Box 298860, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Dane A. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Box 298860, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Montchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Box 298860, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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