1
|
Rasam S, Lin Q, Shen S, Straubinger RM, Qu J. Highly Reproducible Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Reveals Proteome-Level Effects of a Novel Combination Drug Therapy That Induces Cancer Cell Death via Metabolic Remodeling and Activation of the Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathway. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3780-3792. [PMID: 37906173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer patients have poor survival rates and are frequently treated using gemcitabine (Gem). However, initial tumor sensitivity often gives way to rapid development of resistance. Gem-based drug combinations are employed to increase efficacy and mitigate resistance, but our understanding of molecular-level drug interactions, which could assist in the development of more effective therapeutic regimens, is limited. Global quantitative proteomic analysis could provide novel mechanistic insights into drug combination interactions, but it is challenging to achieve high-quality quantitative proteomics analysis of the large sample sets that are typically required for drug combination studies. Here, we investigated molecular-level temporal interactions of Gem with BGJ398 (infigratinib), a recently approved pan-FGFR inhibitor, in multiple treatment groups (N = 42 samples) using IonStar, a robust large-scale proteomics method that employs well-controlled, ultrahigh-resolution MS1 quantification. A total of 5514 proteins in the sample set were quantified without missing data, requiring >2 unique peptides/protein, <1% protein false discovery rate (FDR), <0.1% peptide FDR, and CV < 10%. Functional analysis of the differentially altered proteins revealed drug-dysregulated processes such as metabolism, apoptosis, and antigen presentation pathways. These changes were validated experimentally using Seahorse metabolic assays and immunoassays. Overall, in-depth analysis of large-scale proteomics data provided novel insights into possible mechanisms by which FGFR inhibitors complement and enhance Gem activity in pancreatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailee Rasam
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li A, Cao W. Downregulation of SODD mediates carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10580. [PMID: 37386230 PMCID: PMC10310760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis associated with a 5-year survival rate of 12.5-20%. Therefore, a new therapeutic modality is needed for this lethal tumor. Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene purified from the herbs such as rosemary and Mountain desert sage and has been shown to have anticancer activities in multiple cancers. In this study we examined the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. We found that carnosol dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation in FLO-1 esophageal adenocarcinoma cells and significantly increased caspase-3 protein, indicating that carnosol decreases cell proliferation and increases cell apoptosis in FLO-1 cells. Carnosol significantly increased H2O2 production and N-acetyl cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, significantly inhibited carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation, indicating that ROS may mediate carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation. Carnosol-induced decrease in cell proliferation was partially reversed by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, suggesting that NADPH oxidases may be partially involved in carnosol's effect. In addition, carnosol significantly downregulated SODD protein and mRNA expression and knockdown of SODD significantly inhibited the carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation, suggesting that downregulation of SODD may contribute to carnosol-induced reduction in cell proliferation. We conclude that carnosol dose-dependently decreased cell proliferation and significantly increased caspase-3 protein. Carnosol's effect may be through the overproduction of ROS and the downregulation of SODD. Carnosol might be useful for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Weibiao Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bao F, An S, Yang Y, Xu TR. SODD Promotes Lung Cancer Tumorigenesis by Activating the PDK1/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040829. [PMID: 37107587 PMCID: PMC10137428 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Bcl2-associated athanogene4 (BAG4/SODD) protein could be identified as a tumor marker for several malignancies and plays a major role in the occurrence, development, and drug resistance of tumors. However, the role of Silencer of death domains (SODD) in lung carcinogenesis is still elusive. Objective: To illuminate the effect of SODD on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of lung cancer cells and tumor growth in vivo and explore the corresponding mechanism. Methods: The expression of SODD in tumor and normal tissues was determined and compared via western blot. SODD gene knockout lung cancer cells (H1299 cells) were established through a CRISPR/Cas9 gene deleting system, and a transient SODD overexpression of H1299 cells was also constructed. Then, cell proliferation and invasion were assessed through colony formation and cell counting kit-8 assays, transwell migration assays, and wound healing assays. Cell drug sensitivity is also analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The flow cytometer was used to perform cell circle and apoptosis analysis. The interaction of SODD and RAF-1 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, and the phosphorylated level of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT), Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)-1,and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in cells was examined by western blot to evaluate the activation of PI3K/PDK1/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways. In vivo, Xenograft tumor assay of SODD knockout H1299 cells was used to evaluate further the role of SODD on the proliferation of H1299 cells. Results: SODD binds to RAF-1 and is over-expressed in lung tissues, and promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug sensitivity of H1299 cells. The reduced cells in the S phase and increased cells arrested in the G2/M phase were found in SODD knockout H1299 cells, and more cells got apoptosis. The expression of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1(PDK1) protein in SODD knockout H1299 cells decreases distinctively, and the phosphorylated level of AKT, RAF-1, and ERK-1 kinase in SODD knockout H1299 cells is also less than that in normal H1299 cells. In contrast, SODD overexpression significantly increases the phosphorylation of AKT. In vivo, SODD promotes the tumorigenicity of H1299 cells in nude mice. Conclusions: SODD is overexpressed in lung tissues and plays a considerable role in the development and progression of lung cancer by regulating the PI3K/PDK1/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang L, Chen Y, Min G, Wang J, Chen W, Wang H, Wang X, Yao N. Bcl2-associated athanogene 4 promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/ZEB1 axis. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:409-421. [PMID: 34419501 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bcl2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4) has been found to be aberrantly expressed in several types of human cancers. However, little is known about its expression, role, and clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we aimed to address these issues and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The expression level of BAG4, measured by immunohistochemistry, was significantly higher in GC tissues than in paired normal tissues. Elevated BAG4 expression was positively correlated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor size of GC and was associated with unfavorable outcomes of the patients. The overexpression of BAG4 promoted the in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of GC cells, and opposite results were observed after silencing of BAG4. Silencing of BAG4 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and p65, whereas overexpression of BAG4 markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of these molecules. At the same time, manipulating BAG4 expression resulted in the corresponding changes in p65 nuclear translocation and ZEB1 expression. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays verified that p65 binds to the promoter of ZEB1 to upregulate its transcription. Our results demonstrate that BAG4 plays an oncogenic role in the invasion and metastasis of GC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/ZEB1 axis to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guangtao Min
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiangwen Wang
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Sixth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marzullo L, Turco MC, Uversky VN. What's in the BAGs? Intrinsic disorder angle of the multifunctionality of the members of a family of chaperone regulators. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:22-42. [PMID: 34339540 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In humans, the family of Bcl-2 associated athanogene (BAG) proteins includes six members characterized by exceptional multifunctionality and engagement in the pathogenesis of various diseases. All of them are capable of interacting with a multitude of often unrelated binding partners. Such binding promiscuity and related functional and pathological multifacetedness cannot be explained or understood within the frames of the classical "one protein-one structure-one function" model, which also fails to explain the presence of multiple isoforms generated for BAG proteins by alternative splicing or alternative translation initiation and their extensive posttranslational modifications. However, all these mysteries can be solved by taking into account the intrinsic disorder phenomenon. In fact, high binding promiscuity and potential to participate in a broad spectrum of interactions with multiple binding partners, as well as a capability to be multifunctional and multipathogenic, are some of the characteristic features of intrinsically disordered proteins and intrinsically disordered protein regions. Such functional proteins or protein regions lacking unique tertiary structures constitute a cornerstone of the protein structure-function continuum concept. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the functional roles of human BAG proteins from the perspective of protein intrinsic disorder which will provide a means for understanding their binding promiscuity, multifunctionality, and relation to the pathogenesis of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liberato Marzullo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Research and Development Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria C Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Research and Development Division, BIOUNIVERSA s.r.l., Baronissi, Italy
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Z, Cao X, Ma Y, Cheng J, Song C, Jiang R, Wang X, Huang Y, Buren C, Lan X, Ibrahim EE, Hu L, Chen H. Novel copy number variation of the BAG4 gene is associated with growth traits in three Chinese sheep populations. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:461-469. [PMID: 32022644 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1719124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) as an important source of genetic phenotypic and variation is related to complex phenotypic traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential associations of BAG4 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene 4) copy numbers variations with sheep growth traits in three Chinese sheep breeds (CKS, STHS, and HS). BAG4 is located within the stature and udder attachment quantitative trait loci (QTL) in sheep. Expression profiling revealed that the BAG4 gene was widely expressed in the tissues of sheep. The distribution of BAG4 gene copy number showed that the loss of copy number was more dominant in CKS and HS which was different from that in STHS. Statistical analysis revealed that the BAG4 CNV was significantly associated with body height in CKS (p < 0.05), with body slanting length in HS (p < 0.05), and with body height and hip cross height in STHS (p < 0.05). The χ2 values showed significant differences in the BAG4 CNV distribution frequency between varieties. In conclusion, the results establish the association between BAG4 CNV and sheep traits and suggest that BAG4 CNV may be a promising marker for the molecular breeding of Chinese sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengchuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaogetu Buren
- Animal Disease Control Center of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Delingha, Qinghai, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Elsaeid Elnour Ibrahim
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mariotto E, Viola G, Zanon C, Aveic S. A BAG's life: Every connection matters in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107498. [PMID: 32001313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The members of the BCL-2 associated athanogene (BAG) family participate in the regulation of a variety of interrelated physiological processes, such as autophagy, apoptosis, and protein homeostasis. Under normal circumstances, the six BAG members described in mammals (BAG1-6) principally assist the 70 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) in protein folding; however, their role as oncogenes is becoming increasingly evident. Deregulation of the BAG multigene family has been associated with cell transformation, tumor recurrence, and drug resistance. In addition to BAG overexpression, BAG members are also involved in many oncogenic protein-protein interactions (PPIs). As such, either the inhibition of overloading BAGs or of specific BAG-client protein interactions could have paramount therapeutic value. In this review, we will examine the role of each BAG family member in different malignancies, focusing on their modular structure, which enables interaction with a variety of proteins to exert their pro-tumorigenic role. Lastly, critical remarks on the unmet needs for proposing effective BAG inhibitors will be pointed out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mariotto
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35127 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35127 Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Tang J, Di R, Liu Q, Wang X, Gan S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen W, Hu W, Chu M. Identification of Prolificacy-Related Differentially Expressed Proteins from Sheep (Ovis aries) Hypothalamus by Comparative Proteomics. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900118. [PMID: 31136077 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction, as a physiologically complex process, can significantly affect the development of the sheep industry. However, a lack of overall understanding to sheep fecundity has long blocked the progress in sheep breeding and husbandry. In the present study, the aim is to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) from hypothalamus in sheep without FecB mutation in two comparison groups: polytocous (PF) versus monotocous (MF) sheep at follicular phase and polytocous (PL) versus monotocous (ML) sheep at luteal phase. Totally 5058 proteins are identified in sheep hypothalamus, where 22 in PF versus MF, and 39 proteins in PL versus ML are differentially expressed, respectively. A functional analysis is then conducted including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis to reveal the potential roles of these DEPs. The proteins ENSOARP00000020097, ENSOARP00000006714, growth hormone (GH), histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), and 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) in PF versus MF, and bcl-2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1), and transthyretin (TTR) in PL versus ML appear to modulate reproduction, presumably by influencing the activities of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This study provides an alternative method to identify DEPs associated with sheep prolificacy from the hypothalamus. The mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013822.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jishun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shangquan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Zhou S, Liu T, Chen M, Li W, Zhang X. The transcriptomic responses of the ark shell, Anadara broughtonii, to sulfide and hypoxia exposure. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4245-4257. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
10
|
Wang Y, Lu T, Wang Q, Liu J, Jiao W. Circular RNAs: Crucial regulators in the human body (Review). Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3119-3135. [PMID: 30272328 PMCID: PMC6196641 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a new type of endogenous non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are derived from exons and/or introns, and are widely distributed in mammals. The majority of circRNAs have a specific expression profile in cells or tissues, as well as during different stages of development. CircRNAs were originally thought to be the products of mis‑splicing. However, with the assistance of bioinformatics tools and the rapid development of high‑throughput sequencing, an increasing body of evidence has suggested that circRNAs bind micro(mi)RNAs, and have a role as miRNA sponges, thereby regulating target mRNA splicing and transcription. Human diseases are closely associated with circRNAs, especially in cancer as their expression is typically altered during the progression of cancer; this may provide a novel type of biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. CircRNAs are becoming a key area of interest within the field of cancer research. In the present review, we summarize the known molecular mechanisms and biological origin of circRNAs, as well as their functions, especially those related to human tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xie H, Ren X, Xin S, Lan X, Lu G, Lin Y, Yang S, Zeng Z, Liao W, Ding YQ, Liang L. Emerging roles of circRNA_001569 targeting miR-145 in the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26680-91. [PMID: 27058418 PMCID: PMC5042007 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a large class of RNAs, have recently shown huge capabilities as gene regulators in mammals. Some of them bind with microRNAs (miRNAs) and act as natural miRNA sponges to inhibit related miRNAs’ activities. Here we showed that hsa_circ_001569 acted as a positive regulator in cell proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, hsa_circ_001569 was identified as a sponge of miR-145 and up-regulated miR-145 functional targets E2F5, BAG4 and FMNL2. In CRC tissues, circ_001569 negatively correlated with miR-145, and miR-145 correlated negatively with E2F5, BAG4 and FMNL2 expressions. Our study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of circ_001569 in cell proliferation and invasion in CRC, provides a comprehensive landscape of circ_001569 that will facilitate further biomarker discoveries in the progression of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Xie
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sainan Xin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guifeng Lu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoshan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kozlov G, Wong K, Gehring K. Crystal structure of the Legionella effector Lem22. Proteins 2017; 86:263-267. [PMID: 29159828 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a pathogen causing severe pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires' disease. Lem22 is a previously uncharacterized effector protein conserved in multiple Legionella strains. Here, we report the crystal structure of Lem22 from the Philadelphia strain, also known as lpg2328, at 1.40 Å resolution. The structure shows an up-and-down three-helical bundle with a significant structural similarity to a number of protein-binding domains involved in apoptosis and membrane trafficking. Sequence conservation identifies a putative functional site on the interface of helices 2 and 3. The structure is an important step toward a functional characterization of Lem22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Kathy Wong
- Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry, Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han C, Seebacher NA, Hornicek FJ, Kan Q, Duan Z. Regulation of microRNAs function by circular RNAs in human cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64622-64637. [PMID: 28969099 PMCID: PMC5610031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly validated class of endogenous non-coding RNA, generated from the ligation of exons, introns, or both, which arise via a diverse number of cellular mechanisms. Due to rapid advances in the development of combined high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyzing tools, many circRNAs have recently been discovered, revealing an expansive number of ubiquitously expressed mammalian circRNAs. Interestingly, it has recently been confirmed that circRNAs bind to microRNAs (miRs), as miR “sponges”, acting to suppress miR function. As miRs are known to alter the development and progression of cancer, circRNAs may offer a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer. Indeed, recent evidence has shown that circRNAs are associated with many human cancers. Herein, we review the molecular characteristics and biogenesis of circRNAs, with a focus on newly identified circRNAs that may play an important role in human cancer, through their regulation of miR expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole A Seebacher
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yi L, Lv Z, Wang J, Zhong X. Bcl‑2 associated athanogene 4 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3753-3760. [PMID: 29067445 PMCID: PMC5646952 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, with the increase of morbidity and mortality rate, gastric cancer (GC) is attracting increasing attention in China. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 4 (BAG4) has been identified as a tumor promoter in several tumors, but its role in GC remains unknown. The present study aimed to detect the expression of BAG4 and determine its function in the progression of GC. The results from reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed that BAG4 was markedly upregulated in highly metastatic cell lines (SGC7901 and MGC803), compared with the lower-metastatic cell lines (AGS and BGC823). Through Cell Counting Kit-8, cell cycle, apoptosis, Transwell and colony formation assays, BAG4 was demonstrated to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro. Additionally, in vivo assays further certified that BAG4 can increase the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. In conclusion, these findings implicate BAG4 as a potential therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenbing Lv
- Department of General Surgery Two, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xianfei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leshan People's Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deng L, Jiang L, Lin XH, Tseng KF, Liu Y, Zhang X, Dong RH, Lu ZG, Wang XJ. The PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 suppresses proliferation and migration and reverses multidrug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:382-391. [PMID: 28042875 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to the proliferation of malignant cells, and may confer resistance to chemotherapy in various malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chemoresistance is the major reason for relapse in AML. RAD001 (everolimus) has been used at d1 and d7 of an induction chemotherapy regimen for AML, which has acceptable toxicity and may improve conventional chemotherapeutic treatment. Dual inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR overcome some of the intrinsic disadvantages of rapamycin and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BEZ235, a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, on the multidrug-resistant AML cell lines HL-60/VCR and K562/ADR in vitro. BEZ235 dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HL-60/VCR and K562/ADR cells with the IC50 values of 66.69 and 71.44 nmol/L, respectively. BEZ235 (25-100 nmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the migration of the two AML cell lines, and it also significantly sensitized the two AML cell lines to VCR and ADR. After treatment with BEZ235, the miR-1-3p levels were markedly increased in HL-60/VCR cells. Using TargetScan analysis and luciferase assays, we showed that miR-1-3p targeted BAG4, EDN1 and ABCB1, the key regulators of cell apoptosis, migration and multidrug resistance, and significantly decreased their levels in the two AML cell lines. Transfection of HL-60/VCR and K562/ADR cells with miR-1-3p-AMO to inhibit miR-1-3p could reverse the anti-proliferation effects of BEZ235. In conclusion, the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 effectively chemosensitizes AML cells via increasing miR-1-3p and subsequently down-regulating BAG4, EDN1 and ABCB1.
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh PR, Priya ES, Balakrishnan S, Arunkumar R, Sharmila G, Rajalakshmi M, Arunakaran J. Nimbolide inhibits androgen independent prostate cancer cells survival and proliferation by modulating multiple pro-survival signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1623-1634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Li D, Hong J, Cao W. Silencer-of-Death Domain Mediates Acid-Induced Decrease in Cell Apoptosis in Barrett's Associated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:14-22. [PMID: 27756772 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.236620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that NADPH oxidase (NOX)5-S may mediate the acid-induced decrease in cell apoptosis. However, mechanisms of NOX5-S-dependent decrease in cell apoptosis are not fully understood. In this study, we found that silencer-of-death domain (SODD) was significantly increased in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) tissues, EA cell lines FLO and OE33, and a dysplastic cell line CP-B. Strong SODD immunostaining was significantly higher in low-grade dysplasia (66.7%), high-grade dysplasia (81.2%), and EA (71.2%) than in Barrett's mucosa (10.5%). Acid treatment significantly increased SODD protein and mRNA expression and promoter activity in FLO cells, an increase that was significantly decreased by the knockdown of NOX5-S and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)1 p50 with their small interfering RNAs. Similarly, acid-induced increase of SODD mRNA was blocked by knockdown of NOX5-S and p50 in a BE cell line CP-A. Overexpression of NOX5-S significantly increased SODD protein expression in FLO cells. Moreover, overexpression of NOX5-S or p50 significantly increased the SODD promoter activity and decreased the caspase 9 activity or apoptosis. NOX5-S overexpression-induced increase in SODD promoter activity was significantly decreased by knockdown of p50. In addition, acid treatment significantly decreased the caspase 9 activity, a decrease that was significantly inhibited by knockdown of SODD. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that NF-κB1 p50 bound to SODD genomic DNA containing a NF-κB-binding element GGGGACACCCT. This binding element was further confirmed by a gel mobility shift assay. We conclude that acid-induced increase in SODD expression and decrease in cell apoptosis may depend on the activation of NOX5-S and NF-κB1 p50 in FLO cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Departments of Medicine (D.L., W.C.) and Pathology (W.C.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China (J.H.)
| | - Jie Hong
- Departments of Medicine (D.L., W.C.) and Pathology (W.C.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China (J.H.)
| | - Weibiao Cao
- Departments of Medicine (D.L., W.C.) and Pathology (W.C.), Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Du Y, Huang Y, Gao Y, Song B, Mao J, Chen L, Bai L, Tang J. RETRACTED: Annexin A7 modulates BAG4 and BAG4-binding proteins in mitochondrial apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:30-4. [PMID: 26349959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concerns were raised in the public domain and also reported by the authors to the journal regarding the similarity between various sections from Figures 1B, 2A, 3A and 4A. Given also the findings of the investigation conducted by the funder, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to provide raw data of sufficient quality and detail for the journal to independently audit the provenance and validity of the data, and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lulu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis of Liaoning Province, Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cisterne A, Baraz R, Khan NI, Welschinger R, Basnett J, Fung C, Rizos H, Bradstock KF, Bendall LJ. Silencer of death domains controls cell death through tumour necrosis factor-receptor 1 and caspase-10 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103383. [PMID: 25061812 PMCID: PMC4111576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis remains a significant problem in drug resistance and treatment failure in malignant disease. NO-aspirin is a novel drug that has efficacy against a number of solid tumours, and can inhibit Wnt signaling, and although we have shown Wnt signaling to be important for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell proliferation and survival inhibition of Wnt signaling does not appear to be involved in the induction of ALL cell death. Treatment of B lineage ALL cell lines and patient ALL cells with NO-aspirin induced rapid apoptotic cell death mediated via the extrinsic death pathway. Apoptosis was dependent on caspase-10 in association with the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) incorporating pro-caspase-10 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1). There was no measurable increase in TNF-R1 or TNF-α in response to NO-aspirin, suggesting that the process was ligand-independent. Consistent with this, expression of silencer of death domain (SODD) was reduced following NO-aspirin exposure and lentiviral mediated shRNA knockdown of SODD suppressed expansion of transduced cells confirming the importance of SODD for ALL cell survival. Considering that SODD and caspase-10 are frequently over-expressed in ALL, interfering with these proteins may provide a new strategy for the treatment of this and potentially other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cisterne
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rana Baraz
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Naveed I. Khan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Welschinger
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan Basnett
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carina Fung
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth F. Bradstock
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda J. Bendall
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Y, Wang Y, Song H, Wang J, Yang H, Xia Y, Xue J, Li S, Chen M, Lu Y. Expression profile of apoptosis-related genes potentially explains early recurrence after definitive chemoradiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4339-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
|
21
|
Ma M, Wang X, Ding X, Jing J, Ma Y, Teng J. Protective effect of BAG5 on MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Neurol Res 2013; 34:977-83. [PMID: 23146300 DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in humans, and an abundance of evidence has implicated apoptosis signaling pathways in the neurodegeneration of PD. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5) protein, which was previously confirmed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, in the regulation of apoptosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)) in PC12 cells. METHODS PC12 cells were treated with MPP(+) for 48 hours to induce apoptosis, and activation of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and caspase 3 was measured by western blot. RESULTS The upregulation of BAG5 in PC12 cells inhibited apoptosis and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, after MPP(+) treatment. In addition, downregulation of BAG5 in PC12 cells enhanced apoptosis and decreased the expression of these proteins after MPP(+) treatment. DISCUSSION The data suggest that BAG5 inhibits MPP(+)-induced apoptosis through both endogenous and mitochondria-mediated pathways of apoptosis. Through this mechanism, the upregulation of BAG5 levels may occur through its anti-apoptotic activity in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fleming JL, Gable DL, Samadzadeh-Tarighat S, Cheng L, Yu L, Gillespie JL, Toland AE. Differential expression of miR-1, a putative tumor suppressing microRNA, in cancer resistant and cancer susceptible mice. PeerJ 2013; 1:e68. [PMID: 23646287 PMCID: PMC3642704 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mus spretus mice are highly resistant to several types of cancer compared to Mus musculus mice. To determine whether differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression account for some of the differences in observed skin cancer susceptibility between the strains, we performed miRNA expression profiling of skin RNA for over 300 miRNAs. Five miRNAs, miR-1, miR-124a-3, miR-133a, miR-134, miR-206, were differentially expressed by array and/or qPCR. miR-1 was previously shown to have tumor suppressing abilities in multiple tumor types. We found miR-1 expression to be lower in mouse cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) compared to normal skin. Based on the literature and our expression data, we performed detailed studies on predicted miR-1 targets and evaluated the effect of miR-1 expression on two murine cSCC cell lines, A5 and B9. Following transfection of miR-1, we found decreased mRNA expression of three validated miR-1 targets, Met, Twf1 and Ets1 and one novel target Bag4. Decreased expression of Ets1 was confirmed by Western analysis and by 3’ reporter luciferase assays containing wildtype and mutated Ets1 3’UTR. We evaluated the effect of miR-1 on multiple tumor phenotypes including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle and migration. In A5 cells, expression of miR-1 led to decreased proliferation compared to a control miR. miR-1 expression also led to increased apoptosis at later time points (72 and 96 h) and to a decrease in cells in S-phase. In summary, we identified five miRNAs with differential expression between cancer resistant and cancer susceptible mice and found that miR-1, a candidate tumor suppressor, has targets with defined roles in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fleming
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dustin L Gable
- Biomedical Science Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Somayeh Samadzadeh-Tarighat
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Luke Cheng
- Biomedical Science Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- The Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica L Gillespie
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bruchmann A, Roller C, Walther TV, Schäfer G, Lehmusvaara S, Visakorpi T, Klocker H, Cato ACB, Maddalo D. Bcl-2 associated athanogene 5 (Bag5) is overexpressed in prostate cancer and inhibits ER-stress induced apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:96. [PMID: 23448667 PMCID: PMC3598994 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Bag (Bcl-2 associated athanogene) family of proteins consists of 6 members sharing a common, single-copied Bag domain through which they interact with the molecular chaperone Hsp70. Bag5 represents an exception in the Bag family since it consists of 5 Bag domains covering the whole protein. Bag proteins like Bag1 and Bag3 have been implicated in tumor growth and survival but it is not known whether Bag5 also exhibits this function. Methods Bag5 mRNA and protein expression levels were investigated in prostate cancer patient samples using real-time PCR and immunoblot analyses. In addition immunohistological studies were carried out to determine the expression of Bag5 in tissue arrays. Analysis of Bag5 gene expression was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison test. The mean values of the Bag5 stained cells in the tissue array was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Functional studies of the role of Bag5 in prostate cancer cell lines was performed using overexpression and RNA interference analyses. Results Our results show that Bag5 is overexpressed in malignant prostate tissue compared to benign samples. In addition we could show that Bag5 levels are increased following endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress induction, and Bag5 relocates from the cytoplasm to the ER during this process. We also demonstrate that Bag5 interacts with the ER-resident chaperone GRP78/BiP and enhances its ATPase activity. Bag5 overexpression in 22Rv.1 prostate cancer cells inhibited ER-stress induced apoptosis in the unfolded protein response by suppressing PERK-eIF2-ATF4 activity while enhancing the IRE1-Xbp1 axis of this pathway. Cells expressing high levels of Bag5 showed reduced sensitivity to apoptosis induced by different agents while Bag5 downregulation resulted in increased stress-induced cell death. Conclusions We have therefore shown that Bag5 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and plays a role in ER-stress induced apoptosis. Furthermore we have identified GRP78/BiP as a novel interaction partner of Bag5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bruchmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
MicroRNA-26a is strongly downregulated in melanoma and induces cell death through repression of silencer of death domains (SODD). J Invest Dermatol 2012. [PMID: 23190898 PMCID: PMC3898712 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive cancer that metastasizes rapidly, and is refractory to conventional chemotherapies. Identifying miRNAs that are responsible for this pathogenesis is therefore a promising means of developing new therapies. We identified miR-26a through microarray and qRT-PCR experiments as an miRNA that is strongly down-regulated in melanoma cell lines as compared to primary melanocytes. Treatment of cell lines with miR-26a mimic caused significant and rapid cell death compared to a negative control in most melanoma cell lines tested. In surveying targets of miR-26a, we found that protein levels of SMAD1 and BAG-4/SODD were strongly decreased in sensitive cells treated with miR-26a mimic compared to the control. The luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that miR-26a can repress gene expression through the binding site in the 3′UTR of SODD. Knockdown of these proteins with siRNA showed that SODD plays an important role in protecting melanoma cells from apoptosis in most cell lines sensitive to miR-26a, while SMAD1 may play a minor role. Furthermore, transfecting cells with a miR-26a inhibitor increased SODD expression. Our findings indicate that miR-26a replacement is a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic melanoma, and that SODD in particular is a potentially useful therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
25
|
Perry NA, Shriver M, Mameza MG, Grabias B, Balzer E, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Loss of giant obscurins promotes breast epithelial cell survival through apoptotic resistance. FASEB J 2012; 26:2764-75. [PMID: 22441987 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-205419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obscurins (∼70 - 870 kDa), encoded by the single OBSCN gene, are cytoskeletal proteins originally identified in striated muscles with structural and regulatory roles. Recently, analysis of 13,023 genes in breast and colorectal cancers identified OBSCN as one of the most frequently mutated genes, implicating it in cancer formation. Herein we studied the expression profile of obscurins in breast, colon, and skin cancer cell lines and their involvement in cell survival. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated significant reduction of obscurin proteins [corrected] in cancer cells, resulting from decreased mRNA levels and/or the presence of mutant transcripts. In normal epithelium, obscurins localize in cytoplasmic puncta, the cell membrane, and the nucleus. Accordingly, subcellular fractionation demonstrated the presence of 2 novel nuclear isoforms of ∼110 and ∼120 kDa. Nontumorigenic MCF10A breast epithelial cells stably transduced with shRNAs targeting giant obscurins exhibited increased viability (∼30%) and reduced apoptosis (∼20%) following exposure to the DNA-damaging agent etoposide. Quantitative RT-PCR further indicated that the antiapoptotic genes BAG4 and HAX1 were up-regulated (1.5- and 1.4-fold, respectively), whereas initiator caspase-9 and death caspase-3 transcripts were down-regulated (0.8- and 0.6-fold, respectively). Our findings are the first to pinpoint critical roles for obscurins in cancer development by contributing to the regulation of cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Perry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. ako
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rahman P, Huysmans RD, Wiradjaja F, Gurung R, Ooms LM, Sheffield DA, Dyson JM, Layton MJ, Sriratana A, Takada H, Tiganis T, Mitchell CA. Silencer of death domains (SODD) inhibits skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol 5-phosphatase (SKIP) and regulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29758-70. [PMID: 21712384 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.263103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulates cell polarity and migration by generating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P(3)) at the leading edge of migrating cells. The serine-threonine protein kinase Akt binds to PI(3,4,5)P(3), resulting in its activation. Active Akt promotes spatially regulated actin cytoskeletal remodeling and thereby directed cell migration. The inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5-ptases) degrade PI(3,4,5)P(3) to form PI(3,4)P(2), which leads to diminished Akt activation. Several 5-ptases, including SKIP and SHIP2, inhibit actin cytoskeletal reorganization by opposing PI3K/Akt signaling. In this current study, we identify a molecular co-chaperone termed silencer of death domains (SODD/BAG4) that forms a complex with several 5-ptase family members, including SKIP, SHIP1, and SHIP2. The interaction between SODD and SKIP exerts an inhibitory effect on SKIP PI(3,4,5)P(3) 5-ptase catalytic activity and consequently enhances the recruitment of PI(3,4,5)P(3)-effectors to the plasma membrane. In contrast, SODD(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit reduced Akt-Ser(473) and -Thr(308) phosphorylation following EGF stimulation, associated with increased SKIP PI(3,4,5)P(3)-5-ptase activity. SODD(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit decreased EGF-stimulated F-actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and focal adhesion complexity, a phenotype that is rescued by the expression of constitutively active Akt1. Furthermore, reduced cell migration was observed in SODD(-/-) macrophages, which express the three 5-ptases shown to interact with SODD (SKIP, SHIP1, and SHIP2). Therefore, this study identifies SODD as a novel regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling to the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
李 颖, 刘 红, 王 竞, 李 永, 吴 蘅, 杜 欣, 王 伟, 岳 蛟, 周 清, 陈 军. [BAG family gene and its relationship with lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2010; 13:942-6. [PMID: 20959066 PMCID: PMC6000578 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE BAG genes (Bcl-2-associated athanogene) belong to a recently discovered multifunctional anti-apoptosis gene family that regulate various physiological processes which include apoptosis, tumorigenesis, neural differentiation, stress response and cell cycle and so on. The expression status of BAG family genes are related to certain tumor incidence and prognosis. The aim of this study is to explore the association of the BAG family gene expression status with the susceptibility of lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS The gene expression data of BAG family genes from 29 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues and matched pericancerous lung tissues were generated by microarray chips. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between the expression of BAG family genes and the susceptibility of lung adenocarcinoma and the results were verified by GEO database. RESULTS The expression levels of BAG-1, BAG-2, BAG-5 in cancer tissues were significantly downregulated compared with matched pericancerous lung tissues and were protective factors of lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05, OR < 1); while the expression level of BAG-4 in cancer tissues were remarkably upregulated compared with the matched pericancerous lung tissues and was risk factor of lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05, OR > 1). CONCLUSIONS BAG-1, BAG-2, BAG-5 might be the potential protective factors while BAG-4 is possible risk factor of lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 颖 李
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 红雨 刘
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 竞 王
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 永文 李
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 蘅 吴
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 欣欣 杜
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 伟强 王
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 蛟 岳
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 清华 周
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - 军 陈
- />300052 天津,天津医科大学总医院,天津市肺癌研究所,天津市肺癌转移与肿瘤微环境重点实验室Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cui X, Jin Y, Poudyal D, Chumanevich AA, Davis T, Windust A, Hofseth A, Wu W, Habiger J, Pena E, Wood P, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Hofseth L. Mechanistic insight into the ability of American ginseng to suppress colon cancer associated with colitis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1734-41. [PMID: 20729391 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that American ginseng (AG) prevents and treats mouse colitis. Because both mice and humans with chronic colitis have a high colon cancer risk, we tested the hypothesis that AG can be used to prevent colitis-driven colon cancer. Using the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of ulcerative colitis, we show that AG can suppress colon cancer associated with colitis. To explore the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of AG, we also carried out antibody array experiments on colon cells isolated at a precancerous stage. We found there were 82 protein end points that were either significantly higher (41 proteins) or significantly lower (41 proteins) in the AOM + DSS group compared with the AOM-alone (control) group. In contrast, there were only 19 protein end points that were either significantly higher (10 proteins) or significantly lower (9 proteins) in the AOM + DSS + AG group compared with the AOM-alone (control) group. Overall, these results suggest that AG keeps the colon environment in metabolic equilibrium when mice are treated with AOM + DSS and gives insight into the mechanisms by which AG protects from colon cancer associated with colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Expression and Clinical Role of Antiapoptotic Proteins of the Bag, Heat Shock, and Bcl-2 Families in Effusions, Primary Tumors, and Solid Metastases in Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2009; 28:211-21. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31818b0f5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
30
|
Annunziata CM, Kleinberg L, Davidson B, Berner A, Gius D, Tchabo N, Steinberg SM, Kohn EC. BAG-4/SODD and associated antiapoptotic proteins are linked to aggressiveness of epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6585-92. [PMID: 18006758 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that elevated expression in ovarian cancer of the BAG family of prosurvival proteins and associated partners would be associated with clinical features of aggressiveness in ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression patterns of BAG-1, BAG-3, BAG-4, and Bcl-xL were determined by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue samples obtained at diagnosis from 28 women with stage III or stage IV ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide after initial cytoreduction. Association of these proteins, BAG-6, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), Hsp27, and Bcl-2, with clinical variables was tested in ovarian cancer tissue arrays from Gynecologic Oncology Group tissue bank. RESULTS A statistically significant relationship was found between elevated cytoplasmic expression of BAG-4 and improved overall (P = 0.0002) and progression-free survival (P = 0.003) in the prospectively collected samples. Bcl-2 staining was significantly more frequent on the tissue array in lower stage (P = 0.005) and grade (P = 0.0009) tumors, whereas Hsp70 was prominent in higher grade cases (P = 0.002). Furthermore, Bcl-xL was more closely associated with serous compared with endometrioid ovarian cancers (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, cytoplasmic expression of BAG-4 and Bcl-2 marked less aggressive ovarian cancer, whereas nuclear Hsp70 suggested more aggressive behavior. Bcl-xL may play a more prominent function in the pathology of serous histology ovarian cancers compared with the endometrioid subtype. The findings presented here support involvement of these proteins in the propagation of ovarian cancer and provide a basis for the development of molecular therapeutics modulating these survival pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Annunziata
- Medical Oncology Branch,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Esposito I, Kleeff J, Abiatari I, Shi X, Giese N, Bergmann F, Roth W, Friess H, Schirmacher P. Overexpression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 is an early event in the progression of pancreatic cancer. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:885-95. [PMID: 16775116 PMCID: PMC1994512 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.038257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of two antiapoptotic proteins of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2), in human pancreatic carcinogenesis. METHODS mRNA levels were measured in pancreatic tissues and pancreatic cancer cell lines by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Protein expression was assessed in pancreatic cancer cell lines by immunoblotting and in pancreatic tissues by immunohistochemistry, and correlated with pathological and survival data. RESULTS cIAP1 expression was constantly high in non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues, in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, as well as in a subset of primary and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), and a preferential cytoplasmatic localisation was observed in the tumour tissues. cIAP1 expression was rare in a cohort of cystic tumours. cIAP2 mRNA levels were significantly higher (2.4 fold) in PDAC than in normal tissues. cIAP2 protein was overexpressed in PDAC, and was detectable in low- and high-grade PanIN lesions. Moreover, cIAP2 was often expressed in pancreatic cystic tumours. cIAP1 and cIAP2 mRNA and protein were detected in all the examined cell lines. Survival analysis revealed a shorter survival in patients with cIAP1/cIAP2-positive tumours. CONCLUSIONS cIAP1 might contribute to the regulation of the apoptotic process in the normal and in the neoplastic pancreas, depending on its subcellular localisation. Overexpression of cIAP2 is a common and early event in the progression of pancreatic cancer, and could therefore potentially influence the important pathophysiological aspects of PDAC, such as anoikis or chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gehrmann M, Marienhagen J, Eichholtz-Wirth H, Fritz E, Ellwart J, Jäättelä M, Zilch T, Multhoff G. Dual function of membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), Bag-4, and Hsp40: protection against radiation-induced effects and target structure for natural killer cells. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12:38-51. [PMID: 15592361 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CX+/CX- and Colo+/Colo- tumor sublines with stable heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) high and low membrane expression were generated by fluorescence activated cell sorting of the parental human colon (CX2) and pancreas (Colo357) carcinoma cell lines, using an Hsp70-specific antibody. Two-parameter flow cytometry revealed that Hsp70 colocalizes with Bag-4, also termed silencer of death domain, not only in the cytosol but also on the plasma membrane. After nonlethal gamma-irradiation, the percentage of membrane-positive cells and the protein density of Hsp70 and Bag-4 were found to be strongly upregulated in carcinoma sublines with initially low expression levels (CX-, Colo-). Membrane expression of Hsp70 was also elevated in Bag-4 overexpressing HeLa cervix carcinoma cells when compared to neo-transfected cells. In response to gamma-irradiation, neo-transfected HeLa cells behaved like Hsp70/Bag-4 low-expressing CX- and Colo-, and Bag-4-transfected HeLa cells like Hsp70/Bag-4 high-expressing carcinoma sublines CX+ and Colo+. Immunoprecipitation studies further confirmed colocalization of Hsp70 and Bag-4 but also point to an association of Hsp70 and Hsp40 on the plasma membrane of CX+ and Colo+ cells; on CX- and Colo- tumor sublines, Hsp40 was detectable in the absence of Hsp70 and Bag-4. Other co-chaperones including Hsp60 and Hsp90 were neither found on the cell surface of CX+/CX-, Colo+/Colo- nor on HeLa neo-/HeLa Bag-4-transfected tumor cells. Functionally, Hsp70/Bag-4 and Hsp70/Hsp40 membrane-positive tumor cells appeared to be better protected against radiation-induced effects, including G2/M arrest and growth inhibition, on the one hand. On the other hand, membrane-bound Hsp70, but neither Bag-4 nor Hsp40, served as a recognition site for the cytolytic attack mediated by natural killer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gehrmann
- Department of Hematology and Internistic Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chan BCL, Li Q, Chow SKY, Ching AKK, Liew CT, Lim PL, Lee KKH, Chan JYH, Chui YL. BRE enhances in vivo growth of tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 326:268-73. [PMID: 15582573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human BRE, a death receptor-associating intracellular protein, attenuates apoptotic response of human and mouse tumor cell lines to death receptor stimuli in vitro. In this report, we addressed whether the in vitro antiapoptotic effect of BRE could impact on tumor growth in vivo. We have shown that the mouse Lewis lung carcinoma D122 stable transfectants of human BRE expression vector developed into local tumor significantly faster than the stable transfectants of empty vector and parental D122, in both the syngeneic C57BL/6 host and nude mice. In vitro growth of the BRE stable transfectants was, however, not accelerated. No significant difference in metastasis between the transfectants and the parental D122 was detected. Thus, overexpression of BRE promotes local tumor growth but not metastasis. We conclude that the enhanced tumor growth is more likely due to the antiapoptotic activity of BRE than any direct effect of the protein on cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Clinical Immunology Unit and Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brockmann C, Leitner D, Labudde D, Diehl A, Sievert V, Büssow K, Kühne R, Oschkinat H. The solution structure of the SODD BAG domain reveals additional electrostatic interactions in the HSP70 complexes of SODD subfamily BAG domains. FEBS Lett 2004; 558:101-6. [PMID: 14759524 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The solution structure of an N-terminally extended construct of the SODD BAG domain was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A homology model of the SODD-BAG/HSP70 complex reveals additional possible interactions that are specific for the SODD subfamily of BAG domains while the overall geometry of the complex remains the same. Relaxation rate measurements show that amino acids N358-S375 of SODD which were previously assigned to its BAG domain are not structured in our construct. The SODD BAG domain is thus indeed smaller than the homologous domain in Bag1 defining a new subfamily of BAG domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Brockmann
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Endres R, Häcker G, Brosch I, Pfeffer K. Apparently normal tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling in the absence of the silencer of death domains. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:6609-17. [PMID: 12944486 PMCID: PMC193695 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.18.6609-6617.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Revised: 04/26/2003] [Accepted: 06/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The silencer of death domains (SODD) has been proposed to prevent constitutive signaling of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the absence of ligand. Besides TNFR1, death receptor 3 (DR3), Hsp70/Hsc70, and Bcl-2 have been characterized as binding partners of SODD. In order to investigate the in vivo role of SODD, we generated mice congenitally deficient in expression of the sodd gene. No spontaneous inflammatory infiltrations were observed in any organ of these mice. Consistent with this finding, in the absence of SODD no alteration in the activation patterns of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), stress kinases, or ERK1 or -2 was observed after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Activation of NF-kappaB by DR3 was also unchanged. The extents of DR3- and TNF-induced apoptosis were comparable in gene-deficient and wild-type cells. Protection of cells against heat shock as mediated by the Hsp70 system and against staurosporine-induced apoptosis was independent of SODD. Furthermore, resistance to high-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections, LPS-D-GalN injections, and infection with listeriae was similar in wild-type and gene-deficient mice. In conclusion, our data do not support the concept of a unique, nonredundant role of SODD for the functions of TNFR1, Hsp70, and DR3.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Heat-Shock Response/physiology
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Listeria/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Reference Values
- Signal Transduction
- Staurosporine/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Endres
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Eichholtz-Wirth H, Fritz E, Wolz L. Overexpression of the 'silencer of death domain', SODD/BAG-4, modulates both TNFR1- and CD95-dependent cell death pathways. Cancer Lett 2003; 194:81-9. [PMID: 12706861 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of SODD/BAG-4 was studied in TNFR1 signaling, using SODD/BAG-4- overexpressing HeLa cells as a cellular model. Stable transfection of a SODD/BAG-4 cDNA leads to increased levels of the full-length 70-kDa protein and additional C-terminal fragments as well as altered expression of BAG-1. Concomitantly, the protein amounts of both the TNFR1 and, unexpectedly, the CD95 receptors are elevated. These biochemical changes are paralleled and confirmed by a reduced cellular sensitivity to treatment with extracellular TNFalpha and CD95 ligand. Moreover, ATP depletion by oligomycin is less toxic in SODD/BAG-4 overexpressing clones. The radiosensitivity is reduced in some, but not in all of these clones. Our results indicate that SODD/BAG-4 is not only a silencer of TNFR1 but also a modulator of CD95 activity, regulating the balance of both death-promoting and -depressing signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedda Eichholtz-Wirth
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiobiology, Ingolstaedter Landstr 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Doong H, Vrailas A, Kohn EC. What's in the 'BAG'?--A functional domain analysis of the BAG-family proteins. Cancer Lett 2002; 188:25-32. [PMID: 12406544 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG)-family proteins are BAG domain-containing proteins that interact with the heat shock proteins 70, both constitutive Hsc70 and inducible Hsp70. BAG-family proteins bind through the BAG domain to the ATPase domain of Hsc70/Hsp70. The BAG domain, approximately 110 amino acids in length, is a conserved region at the carboxyl terminus and consists of three anti-parallel alpha helices based on X-ray crystallography and NMR studies. The second and third alpha-helices of the BAG domain interact with the ATP-binding pocket of Hsc70/Hsp70. Currently, six human BAG proteins have been reported, four of which have been shown to functionally bind Hsc70/Hsp70. BAG-family proteins regulate chaperone protein activities through their interaction with Hsc70/Hsp70. Over-expression of BAG-family proteins is found in several cancers and has been demonstrated in the laboratory to enhance cell survival and proliferation. The anti-apoptotic activities of BAG-family proteins may be dependent on their interactions with Hsc70/Hsp70 and/or binding to Bcl-2. Both BAG-1 and BAG-3/CAIR-1 interact with Bcl-2 and have been shown to have a supra-additive anti-apoptotic effect with Bcl-2. Several N-terminal domains or motifs have been identified in BAG-family proteins as well. These domains enable BAG-family proteins to partner with other proteins and potentially alter the activity of those target proteins by recruiting Hsc70/Hsp70. BAG-family proteins participate in a wide variety of cellular processes including cell survival (stress response), proliferation, migration and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Doong
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Friess H, Ding J, Kleeff J, Liao Q, Berberat PO, Hammer J, Büchler MW. Identification of disease-specific genes in chronic pancreatitis using DNA array technology. Ann Surg 2001; 234:769-78; discussion 778-9. [PMID: 11729383 PMCID: PMC1422136 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200112000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use DNA arrays to analyze the differential gene expression patterns in the normal pancreas and in pancreatic diseases. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Genome-wide gene expression analysis will provide new insights into gene function and cause of disease. METHODS RNA was extracted from eight normal pancreatic specimens, eight specimens with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and eight pancreatic cancer (PCa) tissues. Poly A(+) RNA was purified, reverse-transcribed, and converted into cRNA using biotinylated nucleotides. The HuGeneFL DNA array containing 5,600 full-length human genes was used for analysis. RESULTS First, normal pancreatic tissues were analyzed in comparison with a panel of other normal tissues (colon, liver, prostate, lung, lymph node). This analysis revealed 11 signature genes that were selectively expressed in the pancreas (e.g., pancreatic elastase-IIA). Comparison of the expression of 5,600 genes between the normal pancreas, CP, and PCa specimens showed that the expression of 34 genes was decreased in CP tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues, and that the expression of all of these genes was simultaneously decreased in PCa. In addition, the expression of 157 genes was increased in CP tissues compared with the normal pancreas. Of those, 152 genes were simultaneously increased in PCa. Thus, only 5 of 5,600 genes were significantly overexpressed in CP compared with both normal pancreas and PCa. CONCLUSIONS The majority of alterations observed in CP are present in PCa, and the number of genes whose expression is selectively deregulated in CP is surprisingly small. These results may provide new insight into the pathobiology of CP and help identify certain molecular alterations that might serve as targets for new diagnostic tools and disease-specific therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Friess
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Regulated changes in protein conformation can have profound effects on protein function, although routine laboratory methods often fail to detect them. The recently discovered BAG-family proteins may operate as bridging molecules that recruit molecular chaperones to target proteins, presumably modulating protein functions through alterations in their conformations, and ultimately affecting diverse cellular behaviours including cell division, migration, differentiation and death. Emerging knowledge about BAG-family proteins indicates that there may be a mechanism for influencing signal transduction through non-covalent post-translational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Takayama
- The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liao Q, Ozawa F, Friess H, Zimmermann A, Takayama S, Reed JC, Kleeff J, Büchler MW. The anti-apoptotic protein BAG-3 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and induced by heat stress in pancreatic cancer cell lines. FEBS Lett 2001; 503:151-7. [PMID: 11513873 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells are usually resistant to apoptosis mediated by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. BAG-3 (Bis, CAIR), which was identified as a BAG-1-related protein, is a novel modulator of cellular anti-apoptotic activity that functions through its interaction with Bcl-2. In this study we analyzed BAG-3 expression in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. BAG-3 mRNA was expressed at moderate to high levels in all pancreatic cancer samples, but at low levels in normal pancreas tissues. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that BAG-3 was present in the cancer cells within the pancreatic tumor mass. When BAG-3 mRNA was analyzed in other gastrointestinal cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma; esophageal, stomach and colon cancer), no difference was found from their corresponding normal controls. In pancreatic cancer cells, BAG-3 mRNA expression levels were strongly induced after heat stress, but not in response to members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha family (TNF-alpha, TRAIL, FasL). These findings indicate that in pancreatic cancer, in contrast to other gastrointestinal malignancies, increased levels of BAG-3 might function to block apoptosis. This characteristic of pancreatic cancer might contribute to its more aggressive growth behavior and poor responsiveness to treatment in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Liao
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Magee CJ, Greenhalf W, Howes N, Ghaneh P, Neoptolemos JP. Molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and clinical implications. Surg Oncol 2001; 10:1-23. [PMID: 11719025 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-7404(01)00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a significant cause of cancer death worldwide. PDAC is also one of the best-studied cancers with regard to molecular pathogenesis. The chief risk factors associated with PDAC are smoking and pancreatitis, in addition genetic predisposition seems to play a major role. This genetic predisposition may in some cases be indirect, for example via the elevated risk of pancreatitis seen in patients with hereditary pancreatitis (HP). The elucidation of the molecular causes of PDAC has enabled the provision of secondary screening for PDAC in conditions such as HP. This review is concerned with the molecular pathogenesis of PDAC and the application of this basic scientific understanding into state-of-the-art clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Magee
- University of Liverpool, Department of Surgery, 5th Floor UCD Building, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moribe Y, Niimi T, Yamashita O, Yaginuma T. Samui, a novel cold-inducible gene, encoding a protein with a BAG domain similar to silencer of death domains (SODD/BAG-4), isolated from Bombyx diapause eggs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:3432-42. [PMID: 11422373 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular responses to cold-acclimation have not yet been studied in depth. To explore this field, we focussed on insect diapause development. Although embryonic diapause of Bombyx mori is sustained at 25 degrees C, chilling at 5 degrees C for 2 months causes diapause termination, a transition that is marked when the sorbitol dehydrogenase gene (SDH) is activated. To clarify the relationship between this activation and incubation at 5 degrees C, we isolated a novel cold-inducible gene, Samui. Expression of Samui mRNA and protein was activated after incubation at 5 degrees C for 5-6 days, lasted for another 30 days and then weakened. Exposure to 25 degrees C suppressed both mRNA and protein expression. In nondiapause eggs incubated at 5 degrees C, Samui was also up-regulated, although the expression was weaker. Samui contained nuclear localization-signals, a ssDNA-binding motif and a BAG domain similar to that of SODD/BAG-4. Because Samui could bind to HSP70, it is a member of BAG protein family. It is proposed that Samui serves to transmit the '5 degrees C signal' for SDH expression in diapause eggs, while also protecting against cold-injures in nondiapause eggs, through binding to respective partners. This is the first report that a member of BAG protein family is up-regulated by cold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Moribe
- Laboratory of Sericulture and Entomoresources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|