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A novel monoclonal antibody targeting coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40400. [PMID: 28074864 PMCID: PMC5225458 DOI: 10.1038/srep40400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To create a new anti-tumor antibody, we conducted signal sequence trap by retrovirus-meditated expression method and identified coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) as an appropriate target. We developed monoclonal antibodies against human CXADR and found that one antibody (6G10A) significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneous as well as orthotopic xenografts of human prostate cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, 6G10A also inhibited other cancer xenografts expressing CXADR, such as pancreatic and colorectal cancer cells. Knockdown and overexpression of CXADR confirmed the dependence of its anti-tumor activity on CXADR expression. Our studies of its action demonstrated that 6G10A exerted its anti-tumor activity primarily through both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, 6G10A reacted with human tumor tissues, such as prostate, lung, and brain, each of which express CXADR. Although we need further evaluation of its reactivity and safety in human tissues, our results show that a novel anti-CXADR antibody may be a feasible candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Murakami K, Eguchi J, Hida K, Nakatsuka A, Katayama A, Sakurai M, Choshi H, Furutani M, Ogawa D, Takei K, Otsuka F, Wada J. Antiobesity Action of ACAM by Modulating the Dynamics of Cell Adhesion and Actin Polymerization in Adipocytes. Diabetes 2016; 65:1255-67. [PMID: 26956488 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor-like membrane protein (CLMP) was identified as the tight junction-associated transmembrane protein of epithelial cells with homophilic binding activities. CLMP is also recognized as adipocyte adhesion molecule (ACAM), and it is upregulated in mature adipocytes in rodents and humans with obesity. Here, we present that aP2 promoter-driven ACAM transgenic mice are protected from obesity and diabetes with the prominent reduction of adipose tissue mass and smaller size of adipocytes. ACAM is abundantly expressed on plasma membrane of mature adipocytes and associated with formation of phalloidin-positive polymerized form of cortical actin (F-actin). By electron microscopy, the structure of zonula adherens with an intercellular space of ∼10-20 nm was observed with strict parallelism of the adjoining cell membranes over distances of 1-20 μm, where ACAM and γ-actin are abundantly expressed. The formation of zonula adherens may increase the mechanical strength, inhibit the adipocyte hypertrophy, and improve the insulin sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actin Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Adherens Junctions/metabolism
- Adherens Junctions/pathology
- Adherens Junctions/ultrastructure
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/pathology
- Adipocytes, White/ultrastructure
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Size
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/genetics
- Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murakami
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Eguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hida
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katayama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miwa Sakurai
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Haruki Choshi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masumi Furutani
- Central Research Laboratory, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Diabetic Nephropathy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Lehr S, Hartwig S, Lamers D, Famulla S, Müller S, Hanisch FG, Cuvelier C, Ruige J, Eckardt K, Ouwens DM, Sell H, Eckel J. Identification and validation of novel adipokines released from primary human adipocytes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.010504. [PMID: 21947364 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.010504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ, releasing signaling and mediator proteins, termed adipokines, via which adipose tissue communicates with other organs. Expansion of adipose tissue in obesity alters adipokine secretion, which may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Although recent profiling studies have identified numerous adipokines, the amount of overlap from these studies indicates that the adipokinome is still incompletely characterized. Therefore, we conducted a complementary protein profiling on concentrated conditioned medium derived from primary human adipocytes. SDS-PAGE/liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem MS and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight MS identified 347 proteins, 263 of which were predicted to be secreted. Fourty-four proteins were identified as novel adipokines. Furthermore, we validated the regulation and release of selected adipokines in primary human adipocytes and in serum and adipose tissue biopsies from morbidly obese patients and normal-weight controls. Validation experiments conducted for complement factor H, αB-crystallin, cartilage intermediate-layer protein, and heme oxygenase-1 show that the release and expression of these factors in adipocytes is regulated by differentiation and stimuli, which affect insulin sensitivity, as well as by obesity. Heme oxygenase-1 especially reveals to be a novel adipokine of interest. In vivo, circulating levels and adipose tissue expression of heme oxygenase-1 are significantly increased in obese subjects compared with lean controls. Collectively, our profiling study of the human adipokinome expands the list of adipokines and further highlights the pivotal role of adipokines in the regulation of multiple biological processes within adipose tissue and their potential dysregulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lehr
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Lamers
- Paul-Langerhans-Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Famulla
- Paul-Langerhans-Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Claude Cuvelier
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes Ruige
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Paul-Langerhans-Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Sell
- Paul-Langerhans-Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Juergen Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Adipose tissue contains many cell types. Among the more abundant are adipocytes, preadipocytes, immune cells, and endothelial cells. During times of excess caloric intake, these cells have to adjust and remodel to accommodate the increased demand for triglyceride storage. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the total adipose tissue secretome, this article focuses on three areas of adipokine biology: (1) How does the adipocyte interact with the extracellular matrix over the course of obesity? (2) Does the adipocyte, per se, play a role in the innate immune response? (3) How is the angiogenic profile of adipose tissue linked to the development of insulin resistance? The authors present a comprehensive overview of all of the currently available secreted adipose tissue products that have been identified at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Halberg
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Lanoix J, Paramithiotis E. Secretory vesicle analysis for discovery of low abundance plasma biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2:475-85. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.5.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Determination of the complex secretory proteome of adipocytes and its metabolic changes induced by drug treatment such as insulin or rosiglitazone is possible with the advanced proteomics technologies described herein. To study the secreted proteins of adipocytes, a 2D- liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry protocol has been established. With the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, intact proteins were separated in the first dimension into eight fractions, then digested with Lys-C and trypsin. Comparative differences after drug treatment were assessed using 18O proteolytic labeling strategies. With the advent of more and more sophisticated instrumentation and data analysis tools, protocols like this one will likely become standard tools for scientists in the research fields of endocrinology, obesity, and diabetes. These protocols enable researchers to study the dynamic drug-induced changes in a comprehensive and systematic manner that was inconceivable just a few years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hess
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Eguchi J, Wada J, Hida K, Zhang H, Matsuoka T, Baba M, Hashimoto I, Shikata K, Ogawa N, Makino H. Identification of adipocyte adhesion molecule (ACAM), a novel CTX gene family, implicated in adipocyte maturation and development of obesity. Biochem J 2005; 387:343-53. [PMID: 15563274 PMCID: PMC1134962 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Few cell adhesion molecules have been reported to be expressed in mature adipocytes, and the significance of cell adhesion process in adipocyte biology is also unknown. In the present study, we identified ACAM (adipocyte adhesion molecule), a novel homologue of the CTX (cortical thymocyte marker in Xenopus) gene family. ACAM cDNA was isolated during PCR-based cDNA subtraction, and its mRNA was shown to be up-regulated in WATs (white adipose tissues) of OLETF (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty) rats, an animal model for Type II diabetes and obesity. ACAM, 372 amino acids in total, has a signal peptide, V-type (variable) and C2-type (constant) Ig domains, a single transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic tail. The amino acid sequence in rat is highly homologous to mouse (94%) and human (87%). ACAM mRNA was predominantly expressed in WATs in OLETF rats, and increased with the development of obesity until 30 weeks of age, which is when the peak of body mass is reached. Western blot analysis revealed that ACAM protein, approx. 45 kDa, was associated with plasma membrane fractions of mature adipocytes isolated from mesenteric and subdermal adipose deposits of OLETF rats. Up-regulation of ACAM mRNAs in obesity was also shown in WATs of genetically obese db/db mice, diet-induced obese ICR mice and human obese subjects. In primary cultured mouse and human adipocytes, ACAM mRNA expression was progressively up-regulated during differentiation. Several stably transfected Chinese-hamster ovary K1 cell lines were established, and the quantification of ACAM mRNA and cell aggregation assay revealed that the degree of homophilic aggregation correlated well with ACAM mRNA expression. In summary, ACAM may be the critical adhesion molecule in adipocyte differentiation and development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Eguchi
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| | - Kazuyuki Hida
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- †Institute of Nephrology, the First Teaching Hospital, Beijing Medical University, 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Takashi Matsuoka
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masako Baba
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Izumi Hashimoto
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shikata
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Norio Ogawa
- ‡Department of Brain Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Makino
- *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Chen X, Cushman SW, Pannell LK, Hess S. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the secretory proteins from rat adipose cells using a 2D liquid chromatography-MS/MS approach. J Proteome Res 2005; 4:570-7. [PMID: 15822936 DOI: 10.1021/pr049772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) and 18O proteolytic labeling strategies to identify and compare levels of secretory proteins with low abundance in the conditioned medium of rat adipose cells without or with insulin stimulation. Culture medium was concentrated and secreted proteins were separated on a RP-HPLC followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. For 18O proteolytic labeling, 16O- to 18O-exchange in the digested peptides from eight individual fractions was carried out in parallel in H2(16)O and H(2)18O with immobilized trypsin, and the ratios of isotopically distinct peptides were measured by mass spectrometry. A total of 84 proteins was identified as secreted adipokines. This large number of secretory proteins comprise multiple functional categories. Comparative proteomics of 18O proteolytic labeling allows the detection of different levels of many secreted proteins as exemplified here by the difference between basal and insulin treatment of adipose cells. Taken together, our proteomic approach is able to identify and quantify the comprehensive secretory proteome of adipose cells. Thus, our data support the endocrine role of adipose cells in pathophysiological states through the secretion of signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- Experimental Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Section, Diabetes Branch and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bouwman F, Renes J, Mariman E. A combination of protein profiling and isotopomer analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry reveals an active metabolism of the extracellular matrix of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proteomics 2005; 4:3855-63. [PMID: 15540163 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200400861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Differential gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is a commonly used protein profiling method. However, observed changes can be explained in multiple ways, one of which is by the protein turnover rate. In order to easily and rapidly obtain information on both the identity and turnover of individual proteins, we applied a combination of protein labeling with L-(ring-2,3,4,5,6 2H5) phenylalanine and MALDI-TOF MS. While the spectrum reveals the identity of a protein, mass isotopomer analysis provides information about the rate of protein labeling as a measure of synthesis or turnover. Using this approach on mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we were able to discriminate between rapidly and slowly metabolised proteins. In our isolate, proteins of the cytoskeleton appeared to be slowly metabolised, whereas components of the extracellular matrix, in particular collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and collagen type I alpha 2 (COL1A2) showed rapid accumulation of newly synthesized proteins. Both proteins appeared to be metabolised in the same ratio as they are present in collagen fibers, i.e. 2:1 (COL1A1: COL1A2). In addition, functionally related proteins were also readily labeled. Taken together, we have shown that a combination of stable isotope labeling and protein profiling by gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis can simultaneously provide information on the identity and relative metabolic rate of proteins in eukaryotic cells in a simple, nonhazardous and rapid-throughput way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Identification of membrane and secreted proteins in anterior cruciate ligament derived cells using “signal-sequence-trap”, a retrovirus-mediated expression screening method. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yonezawa T, Ohtsuka A, Yoshitaka T, Hirano S, Nomoto H, Yamamoto K, Ninomiya Y. Limitrin, a novel immunoglobulin superfamily protein localized to glia limitans formed by astrocyte endfeet. Glia 2004; 44:190-204. [PMID: 14603461 DOI: 10.1002/glia.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the molecular cloning of a new member of the transmembrane-type immunoglobulin superfamily and designate the encoded protein as limitrin, since it localized selectively to glia limitans in mouse brain. Limitrin cDNA was obtained using a subtractive hybridization procedure designed to identify molecules responsible for blood-brain barrier function. Western blots using a limitrin-specific antibody demonstrated that the gene product is expressed significantly in mouse brain and primary murine astrocytes and is distributed in the plasma membrane. Immunohistochemical studies using confocal and electron microscopy clearly demonstrated highly polarized localization in astroglial endfeet in the perivascular region and under the pia mater in vivo. Limitrin is expressed in the spinal cord and in many areas of the brain, but not in the median eminence or subfornical organ (the circumventricular organs), where the blood-brain barrier is lacking. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier by cold injury resulted in a drastic reduction in limitrin expression. Furthermore, during retrieval from cold injury, the increased expression of limitrin in perivascular endfeet correlated with the recovery of angiogenesis in capillaries within the lesion margins. Our results suggest that limitrin is physically and functionally associated with the blood-brain barrier, implying that this protein may be useful as a diagnostic tool of barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yonezawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience and Functional Physiology, Biophysiological Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Klaus
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam, Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Germany.
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Kratchmarova I, Kalume DE, Blagoev B, Scherer PE, Podtelejnikov AV, Molina H, Bickel PE, Andersen JS, Fernandez MM, Bunkenborg J, Roepstorff P, Kristiansen K, Lodish HF, Mann M, Pandey A. A proteomic approach for identification of secreted proteins during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2002; 1:213-22. [PMID: 12096121 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m200006-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have undertaken a systematic proteomic approach to purify and identify secreted factors that are differentially expressed in preadipocytes versus adipocytes. Using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry, proteins that were specifically secreted by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or adipocytes were identified. In addition to a number of previously reported molecules that are up- or down-regulated during this differentiation process (adipsin, adipocyte complement-related protein 30 kDa, complement C3, and fibronectin), we identified four secreted molecules that have not been shown previously to be expressed differentially during the process of adipogenesis. Pigment epithelium-derived factor, a soluble molecule with potent antiangiogenic properties, was found to be highly secreted by preadipocytes but not adipocytes. Conversely, we found hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and haptoglobin to be expressed highly by mature adipocytes. We also used liquid chromatography-based separation followed by automated tandem mass spectrometry to identify proteins secreted by mature adipocytes. Several additional secreted proteins including resistin, secreted acidic cysteine-rich glycoprotein/osteonectin, stromal cell-derived factor-1, cystatin C, gelsolin, and matrix metalloprotease-2 were identified by this method. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify several novel secreted proteins by adipocytes by a proteomic approach using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kratchmarova
- Center for Experimental Bioinformatics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230 Denmark
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