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Spinelli S, Bruschi M, Passalacqua M, Guida L, Magnone M, Sturla L, Zocchi E. Estrogen-Related Receptor α: A Key Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Energy Metabolism at an Organismic Level and a Target of the ABA/LANCL Hormone Receptor System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4796. [PMID: 38732013 PMCID: PMC11084903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor ERRα is the most extensively researched member of the estrogen-related receptor family and holds a pivotal role in various functions associated with energy metabolism, especially in tissues characterized by high energy requirements, such as the heart, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, kidney, and brain. Abscisic acid (ABA), traditionally acknowledged as a plant stress hormone, is detected and actively functions in organisms beyond the land plant kingdom, encompassing cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, protozoan parasites, lower Metazoa, and mammals. Its ancient, cross-kingdom role enables ABA and its signaling pathway to regulate cell responses to environmental stimuli in various organisms, such as marine sponges, higher plants, and humans. Recent advancements in understanding the physiological function of ABA and its mammalian receptors in governing energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in myocytes, adipocytes, and neuronal cells suggest potential therapeutic applications for ABA in pre-diabetes, diabetes, and cardio-/neuroprotection. The ABA/LANCL1-2 hormone/receptor system emerges as a novel regulator of ERRα expression levels and transcriptional activity, mediated through the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. There exists a reciprocal feed-forward transcriptional relationship between the LANCL proteins and transcriptional coactivators ERRα/PGC-1α, which may be leveraged using natural or synthetic LANCL agonists to enhance mitochondrial function across various clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spinelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucrezia Guida
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Mirko Magnone
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sturla
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Elena Zocchi
- Section Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (L.G.); (M.M.); (L.S.)
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Sugimoto T, Sakamaki C, Kimura T, Eguchi T, Miura S, Kamei Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α regulates downstream of tyrosine kinase-7 (Dok-7) expression important for neuromuscular junction formation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1780. [PMID: 38245592 PMCID: PMC10799880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ)-formed between a motor nerve terminal and skeletal muscle fiber-plays an important role in muscle contraction and other muscle functions. Aging and neurodegeneration worsen NMJ formation and impair muscle function. Downstream of tyrosine kinase-7 (Dok-7), expressed in skeletal muscle fibers, is essential for the formation of NMJ. Exercise increases the expression of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) in skeletal muscles and restores NMJ formation. In this study, we used skeletal muscle-specific PGC1α knockout or overexpression mice to examine the role of PGC1α in regulating Dok-7 expression and NMJ formation. Our findings revealed that Dok-7 expression is regulated by PGC1α, and luciferase activity of the Dok-7 promoter is greatly increased by coexpressing PGC1α and estrogen receptor-related receptor α. Thus, we suggest PGC1α is involved in exercise-mediated restoration of NMJ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sakamaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokushi Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eguchi
- Brain-Skeletal Muscle Connection in Aging Project Team, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Widjaja S, Antarianto RD, Hardiany NS. Effects of Dietary Restriction on PGC-1α Regulation in the Development of Age-associated Diseases. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:189-195. [PMID: 38616758 DOI: 10.2174/0118746098301226240402051508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is the most significant risk factor for a number of non-communicable diseases, manifesting as cognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. Although multifactorial, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been proposed to be the driving forces of ageing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator central to various metabolic functions, of which mitochondrial biogenesis is the most prominent function. Inducible by various stimuli, including nutrient limitations, PGC-1α is a molecule of interest in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and, therefore, the prevention of degenerative diseases. This review involves a literature search for articles retrieved from PubMed using PGC-1α, ageing, and dietary restriction as keywords. Dietary restriction has been shown to promote tissue-specific PGC-1α expression. Both dietary restriction and PGC-1α upregulation have been shown to prolong the lifespans of both lower and higher-level organisms; the incidence of non-communicable diseases also decreased in fasting mammals. In conclusion, dietary interventions may delay ageing by regulating healthy mitochondria in various organs, presenting the possibility of a new primary prevention for many age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefilyn Widjaja
- Undergraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sato T, Umebayashi S, Senoo N, Akahori T, Ichida H, Miyoshi N, Yoshida T, Sugiura Y, Goto-Inoue N, Kawana H, Shindou H, Baba T, Maemoto Y, Kamei Y, Shimizu T, Aoki J, Miura S. LPGAT1/LPLAT7 regulates acyl chain profiles at the sn-1 position of phospholipids in murine skeletal muscles. J Biol Chem 2023:104848. [PMID: 37217003 PMCID: PMC10285227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle consists of both fast- and slow-twitch fibers. Phospholipids are important structural components of cellular membranes, and the diversity of their fatty acid composition affects membrane fluidity and permeability. Although some studies have shown that acyl chain species in phospholipids differ among various muscle fiber types, the mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear. To investigate this, we analyzed phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecules in the murine extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch) and soleus (slow-twitch) muscles. In the EDL muscle, the vast majority (93.6%) of PC molecules was palmitate-containing PC (16:0-PC), whereas in the soleus muscle, in addition to 16:0-PC, 27.9% of PC molecules was stearate-containing PC (18:0-PC). Most palmitate and stearate were bound at the sn-1 position of 16:0- and 18:0-PC, respectively, and 18:0-PC was found in type I and IIa fibers. The amount of 18:0-PE was higher in the soleus than in the EDL muscle. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) increased the amount of 18:0-PC in the EDL. Lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (LPGAT1) was highly expressed in the soleus compared with that in the EDL muscle and was upregulated by PGC-1α. LPGAT1 knockout decreased the incorporation of stearate into PC and PE in vitro and ex vivo and the amount of 18:0-PC and 18:0-PE in murine skeletal muscle with an increase in the level of 16:0-PC and 16:0-PE. Moreover, knocking out LPGAT1 decreased the amount of stearate-containing-phosphatidylserine (18:0-PS), suggesting that LPGAT1 regulated the acyl chain profiles of phospholipids, namely PC, PE, and PS, in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shuhei Umebayashi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takumi Akahori
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiyori Ichida
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Maemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Khajebishak Y, Faghfouri AH, Soleimani A, Madani S, Payahoo L. Exploration of meteorin-like peptide (metrnl) predictors in type 2 diabetic patients: the potential role of irisin, and other biochemical parameters. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022:hmbci-2022-0037. [PMID: 36181729 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Meteorin-like peptide (Metrnl), the newly discovered adipokines involves in glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential predictors of Metrnl by emphasizing the Irisin, glycemic indices, and lipid profile biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 32 obese types 2 diabetic patients, 31 healthy obese, and 30 healthy normal weight people between August 2020 and March 2021. Serum Metrnl and Irisin, fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), fasting insulin (FI), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), HbA1c and eAG levels were measured in a standard manner. To assay insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative check index (QUICKI) model were used. Quantile regression analysis with the backward elimination method was used to explore predictors. The significant level was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS Between variables entered into the model, only the group item showed to be the main predictor of Metrnl in type 2 diabetic patients. Besides, the serum level of Irisin was lower in diabetic patients, and a significant difference was detected between obese diabetic patients and the normal weight group (p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Given the multi-causality of diabetes and also the possible therapeutic role of Metrnl in the management of type 2 diabetic patients' abnormalities, designing future studies are needed to discover other predictors of Metrnl and the related mechanisms of Metrnl in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sadra Madani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Chen H, Chen C, Spanos M, Li G, Lu R, Bei Y, Xiao J. Exercise training maintains cardiovascular health: signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:306. [PMID: 36050310 PMCID: PMC9437103 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been widely recognized as a healthy lifestyle as well as an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Functional and mechanistic studies that employ animal exercise models as well as observational and interventional cohort studies with human participants, have contributed considerably in delineating the essential signaling pathways by which exercise promotes cardiovascular fitness and health. First, this review summarizes the beneficial impact of exercise on multiple aspects of cardiovascular health. We then discuss in detail the signaling pathways mediating exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health. The exercise-regulated signaling cascades have been shown to confer myocardial protection and drive systemic adaptations. The signaling molecules that are necessary for exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy have the potential to attenuate myocardial injury and reverse cardiac remodeling. Exercise-regulated noncoding RNAs and their associated signaling pathways are also discussed in detail for their roles and mechanisms in exercise-induced cardioprotective effects. Moreover, we address the exercise-mediated signaling pathways and molecules that can serve as potential therapeutic targets ranging from pharmacological approaches to gene therapies in CVD. We also discuss multiple factors that influence exercise's effect and highlight the importance and need for further investigations regarding the exercise-regulated molecules as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVD as well as the cross talk between the heart and other tissues or organs during exercise. We conclude that a deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in exercise's benefits for cardiovascular health will undoubtedly contribute to the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yihua Bei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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7
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Grigg G, Nowack J, Bicudo JEPW, Bal NC, Woodward HN, Seymour RS. Whole-body endothermy: ancient, homologous and widespread among the ancestors of mammals, birds and crocodylians. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:766-801. [PMID: 34894040 PMCID: PMC9300183 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The whole-body (tachymetabolic) endothermy seen in modern birds and mammals is long held to have evolved independently in each group, a reasonable assumption when it was believed that its earliest appearances in birds and mammals arose many millions of years apart. That assumption is consistent with current acceptance that the non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) component of regulatory body heat originates differently in each group: from skeletal muscle in birds and from brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mammals. However, BAT is absent in monotremes, marsupials, and many eutherians, all whole-body endotherms. Indeed, recent research implies that BAT-driven NST originated more recently and that the biochemical processes driving muscle NST in birds, many modern mammals and the ancestors of both may be similar, deriving from controlled 'slippage' of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) in skeletal muscle, similar to a process seen in some fishes. This similarity prompted our realisation that the capacity for whole-body endothermy could even have pre-dated the divergence of Amniota into Synapsida and Sauropsida, leading us to hypothesise the homology of whole-body endothermy in birds and mammals, in contrast to the current assumption of their independent (convergent) evolution. To explore the extent of similarity between muscle NST in mammals and birds we undertook a detailed review of these processes and their control in each group. We found considerable but not complete similarity between them: in extant mammals the 'slippage' is controlled by the protein sarcolipin (SLN), in birds the SLN is slightly different structurally and its role in NST is not yet proved. However, considering the multi-millions of years since the separation of synapsids and diapsids, we consider that the similarity between NST production in birds and mammals is consistent with their whole-body endothermy being homologous. If so, we should expect to find evidence for it much earlier and more widespread among extinct amniotes than is currently recognised. Accordingly, we conducted an extensive survey of the palaeontological literature using established proxies. Fossil bone histology reveals evidence of sustained rapid growth rates indicating tachymetabolism. Large body size and erect stature indicate high systemic arterial blood pressures and four-chambered hearts, characteristic of tachymetabolism. Large nutrient foramina in long bones are indicative of high bone perfusion for rapid somatic growth and for repair of microfractures caused by intense locomotion. Obligate bipedality appeared early and only in whole-body endotherms. Isotopic profiles of fossil material indicate endothermic levels of body temperature. These proxies led us to compelling evidence for the widespread occurrence of whole-body endothermy among numerous extinct synapsids and sauropsids, and very early in each clade's family tree. These results are consistent with and support our hypothesis that tachymetabolic endothermy is plesiomorphic in Amniota. A hypothetical structure for the heart of the earliest endothermic amniotes is proposed. We conclude that there is strong evidence for whole-body endothermy being ancient and widespread among amniotes and that the similarity of biochemical processes driving muscle NST in extant birds and mammals strengthens the case for its plesiomorphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Grigg
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Julia Nowack
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityJames Parsons Building, Byrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFU.K.
| | | | | | - Holly N. Woodward
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOK74107U.S.A.
| | - Roger S. Seymour
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia
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Pejon TMM, Faria VS, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Scariot PPM, Cornachione AS, Beck WR. Effect of 12-wk Training in Ovariectomised Rats on PGC-1α, NRF-1 and Energy Substrates. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:632-641. [PMID: 35180801 DOI: 10.1055/a-1717-1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are associated with hypoestrogenism owing to their lower energy expenditure and consequent imbalance. Physical training promotes energy expenditure through PGC-1α and NRF-1, which are muscle proteins of the oxidative metabolism. However, the influence of physical training on protein expression in individuals with hypoestrogenism remains uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity swimming training on the muscle expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1, glycogen and triglyceride in ovariectomised rats. OVX and OVX+TR rats were subjected to ovariectomy. The trained animals swam for 30 minutes, 5 days/week, at 80% of the critical load intensity. Soleus was collected to quantify PGC-1α and NRF-1 expressions, while gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus were collected to measure glycogen and triglyceride. Blood glucose was also evaluated. Whereas ovariectomy decreased PGC-1α expression (p<0.05) without altering NRF-1 (p=0.48), physical training increased PGC-1α (p<0.01) and NRF-1 (p<0.05). Ovariectomy reduced glycogen (p<0.05) and triglyceride (p<0.05), whereas physical training increased glycogen (p<0.05) but did not change triglyceride (p=0.06). Ovariectomy increased blood glucose (p<0.01), while physical training reduced it (p<0.01). In summary, 12 weeks of individualized and moderate-intensity training were capable of preventing muscle metabolic consequences caused by ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciane Maria Melges Pejon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Faria
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anabelle Silva Cornachione
- Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Rafael Beck
- Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marcolin G, Franchi MV, Monti E, Pizzichemi M, Sarto F, Sirago G, Paoli A, Maggio M, Zampieri S, Narici M. Active older dancers have lower C-terminal Agrin fragment concentration, better balance and gait performance than sedentary peers. Exp Gerontol 2021; 153:111469. [PMID: 34246731 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron degeneration, denervation, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) fragmentation and loss of motor units (MUs), play a key-role in the development of sarcopenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of regular practice of dancing in physically active elders on concentration of C-terminal Agrin fragment (CAF), a marker of NMJ instability, muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in a group of 16 recreationally active older dancers (AOD; 70.1 ± 3.4 yr) compared to 15 age-matched sedentary peers (OS; 70.9 ± 6.2 yr). Circulating concentration of CAF was measured in serum, while morphology of the vastus lateralis and multifidus muscles was assessed by ultrasound imaging. In addition, the participants underwent two functional performance tests, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the 10-meter walk test (10-MWT), a lower and upper limb isometric strength test, a static and a dynamic balance test. Although no statistically significant differences were detected for both muscle morphology and isometric strength, higher CAF concentration (20%, p < 0.01) was found in OS. AOD showed a better performance in TUG (22%, p < 0.001), 10-MWT (17%, p < 0.001) and dynamic balance (25%, p < 0.01) than OS. Notably, CAF concentration correlated with dynamic balance performance (r = 0.3711, p < 0.05). Our results provide evidence that the regular practice of dancing in older age, together with non-structured light aerobic physical activities, is associated to lower CAF concentration and improved walking and balance performance. Our findings also suggest that NMJ instability, as indicated by elevated CAF serum concentration, seems to precede the loss of muscle size and alterations in muscle architecture normally associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marcolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martino V Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Sarto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Myology Center (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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10
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High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Attenuate Oxidative Damage and Promote Myokine Response in the Skeletal Muscle of ApoE KO Mice on High-Fat Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070992. [PMID: 34206159 PMCID: PMC8300650 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the skeletal muscle in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. ApoE KO mice fed with a high-fat diet were randomly allocated into: Control group without exercise (ApoE-/- CON), HIIT group (ApoE-/- HIIT), and MICT group (ApoE-/- MICT). Exercise endurance, blood lipid profile, muscle antioxidative capacity, and myokine production were measured after six weeks of interventions. ApoE-/- CON mice exhibited hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress, compared to the WT mice. HIIT and MICT reduced blood lipid levels, ROS production, and protein carbonyl content in the skeletal muscle, while it enhanced the GSH generation and potently promoted mRNA expression of genes involved in the production of irisin and BAIBA. Moreover, ApoE-/- HIIT mice had significantly lower plasma HDL-C content, mRNA expression of MyHC-IIx and Vegfa165 in EDL, and ROS level; but remarkably higher mRNA expression of Hadha in the skeletal muscle than those of ApoE-/- MICT mice. These results demonstrated that both exercise programs were effective for the ApoE KO mice by attenuating the oxidative damage and promoting the myokines response and production. In particular, HIIT was more beneficial to reduce the ROS level in the skeletal muscle.
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11
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Sugimoto T, Uchitomi R, Hatazawa Y, Miura S, Kamei Y. Metabolomic analysis on blood of transgenic mice overexpressing PGC-1α in skeletal muscle. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:579-586. [PMID: 33590008 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PGC-1α expression increases in skeletal muscles during exercise and regulates the transcription of many target genes. In this study, we conducted a metabolomic analysis on the blood of transgenic mice overexpressing PGC-1α in its skeletal muscle (PGC-1α-Tg mice) using CE-TOFMS. The blood level of homovanillic acid (dopamine metabolite) and the gene expression of dopamine metabolic enzyme in the skeletal muscle of PGC-1α-Tg mice were high. The blood level of 5-methoxyindoleacetic acid was also high in PGC-1α-Tg mice. The blood levels of branched-chain α-keto acids and β-alanine were low in PGC-1α-Tg mice. These metabolites in the skeletal muscle were present in low concentration. The changes in these metabolites may reflect the skeletal muscle condition with increasing PGC-1α, such as exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ran Uchitomi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukino Hatazawa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Shimba Y, Katayama K, Miyoshi N, Ikeda M, Morita A, Miura S. β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Suppresses Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1016-1019. [PMID: 32475911 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise training has been shown to induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression in skeletal muscle. We recently reported that skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression suppressed atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is a PGC-1α-dependent myokine secreted from myocytes that affects multiple organs. We have also reported that BAIBA suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene expression in endothelial cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that BAIBA suppresses atherosclerosis progression, and tested that hypothesis with ApoE-/- mice. The mice were administered water containing BAIBA for 14 weeks, and were then sacrificed at 20 weeks of age. Atherosclerotic plaque area, plasma BAIBA concentration, and plasma lipoprotein profiles were assessed. Immunohistochemical analyses of the plaque were performed to assess VCAM-1 and MCP-1 protein expression levels and macrophage infiltration. The results showed that BAIBA administration decreased atherosclerosis plaque area by 30%, concomitant with the elevation of plasma BAIBA levels. On the other hand, plasma lipoprotein profiles were not changed by the administration. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated reductions in VCAM-1, MCP-1, and Mac-2 protein expression levels in the plaque. These results suggest that BAIBA administration suppresses atherosclerosis progression without changing plasma lipoprotein profiles. We propose that the mechanisms of this suppression are reductions in both VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression as well as macrophage infiltration into the plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimba
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Keigo Katayama
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Masahiko Ikeda
- Faculty of Social and Environmental Studies, Tokoha University
| | - Akihito Morita
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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13
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Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Redox basis of exercise physiology. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101499. [PMID: 32192916 PMCID: PMC7284946 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by redox reactions. In this review, we are trying to show that redox reactions are the basis of exercise physiology by outlining the redox signaling pathways that regulate four characteristic acute exercise-induced responses (muscle contractile function, glucose uptake, blood flow and bioenergetics) and four chronic exercise-induced adaptations (mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, angiogenesis and redox homeostasis). Based on our analysis, we argue that redox regulation should be acknowledged as central to exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - V Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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14
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Low-Intensity Exercise Training Additionally Increases Mitochondrial Dynamics Caused by High-Fat Diet (HFD) but Has No Additional Effect on Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Fast-Twitch Muscle by HFD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155461. [PMID: 32751208 PMCID: PMC7432492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how the high-fat diet (HFD) affects mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, and also whether combining it with low-intensity endurance exercise adds to these effects. Six 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were put on control (CON; standard chow diet), HF (HFD intake), and HFEx (HFD + low-intensity treadmill exercise) for 6 weeks. As a result, no change in body weight was observed among the groups. However, epididymal fat mass increased significantly in the two groups that had been given HFD. Blood free fatty acid (FFA) also increased significantly in the HF group. While HFD increased insulin resistance (IR), this was improved significantly in the HFEx group. HFD also significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors (PPARδ, PGC-1α, and mtTFA) and mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins; however, no additional effect from exercise was observed. Mitochondrial dynamic-related factors were also affected: Mfn2 increased significantly in the HFEx group, while Drp1 and Fis-1 increased significantly in both the HF and HFEx groups. The number of mitochondria in the subsarcolemmal region, and their size in the subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar regions, also increased significantly in the HFEx group. Taken overall, these results show that HFD in combination with low-intensity endurance exercise has no additive effect on mitochondrial biogenesis, although it does have such an effect on mitochondrial dynamics by improving IR.
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15
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Nakai S, Oyabu M, Hatazawa Y, Akashi S, Kitamura T, Miura S, Kamei Y. FOXO1 suppresses PGC-1β gene expression in skeletal muscles. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1373-1388. [PMID: 32433820 PMCID: PMC7327905 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1β (PGC‐1β) is a transcriptional regulator whose increased expression activates energy expenditure‐related genes in skeletal muscles. However, how PGC‐1β is regulated remains largely unclear. Here, we show that PGC‐1β gene expression is negatively correlated with the expression of a transcription factor, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), whose expression is increased during muscle atrophy. In the skeletal muscles of FOXO1‐overexpressing transgenic mice, PGC‐1β gene expression is decreased. Denervation or plaster cast‐based unloading, as well as fasting, increases endogenous FOXO1 expression in skeletal muscles, with decreased PGC‐1β expression. In the skeletal muscles of FOXO1‐knockout mice, the decrease in PGC‐1β expression caused by fasting was attenuated. Tamoxifen‐inducible FOXO1 activation in C2C12 myoblasts causes a marked decrease of PGC‐1β expression. These findings together reveal that FOXO1 activation suppresses PGC‐1β expression. During atrophy with FOXO1 activation, decreased PGC‐1β may decrease energy expenditure and avoid wasting energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Nakai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mamoru Oyabu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukino Hatazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiori Akashi
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Molecular Characterization of PGC-1β (PPAR Gamma Coactivator 1β) and its Roles in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061935. [PMID: 32178369 PMCID: PMC7139572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at achieving the molecular characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) and exploring its modulatory roles in mitochondria biogenesis in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). A full-length cDNA of PGC-1β was cloned from liver which covered 3110 bp encoding 859 amino acids. The conserved motifs of PGC-1β family proteins were gained by MEME software, and the phylogenetic analyses showed motif loss and rearrangement of PGC-1β in fish. The function of PGC-1β was evaluated through overexpression and knockdown of PGC-1β in primary hepatocytes of blunt snout bream. We observed overexpression of PGC-1β along with enhanced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and mtDNA copies in hepatocytes, and its knockdown led to slightly reduced NRF1 expression. However, knockdown of PGC-1β did not significantly influence TFAM expression or mtDNA copies. The alterations in mitochondria biogenesis were assessed following high-fat intake, and the results showed that it induces downregulation of PGC-1β. Furthermore, significant decreases in mitochondrial respiratory chain activities and mitochondria biogenesis were observed by high-fat intake. Our findings demonstrated that overexpression of PGC-1β induces the enhancement of TFAM expression and mtDNA amount but not NRF-1. Therefore, it could be concluded that PGC-1β is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in blunt snout bream but not through PGC-1β/NRF-1 pathway.
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17
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Mulyani WRW, Sanjiwani MID, Sandra, Prabawa IPY, Lestari AAW, Wihandani DM, Suastika K, Saraswati MR, Bhargah A, Manuaba IBAP. Chaperone-Based Therapeutic Target Innovation: Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:559-568. [PMID: 32161482 PMCID: PMC7051252 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s232133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still a global health problem. Current T2DM treatments are limited to curing the symptoms and have not been able to restore insulin sensitivity in insulin-sensitive tissues that have become resistant. In the past decade, some studies have shown the significant role of a chaperone family, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), in insulin resistance pathogenesis that leads to T2DM. HSP70 is a cytoprotective molecular chaperone that functions in protein folding and degradation. In general, studies have shown that decreased concentration of HSP70 is able to induce inflammation process through JNK activation, inhibit fatty acid oxidation by mitochondria through mitophagy decrease and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as activate SREBP-1c, one of the lipogenic gene transcription factors in ER stress. The overall molecular pathways are potentially leading to insulin resistance and T2DM. Increased expression of HSP70 in brain tissues is able to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control specifically. HSP70 modulation-targeting strategies (including long-term physical exercise, hot tub therapy (HTT), and administration of alfalfa-derived HSP70 (aHSP70)) in subjects with insulin resistance are proven to have therapeutic and preventive potency that are promising in T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| | - I Putu Yuda Prabawa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Desak Made Wihandani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Suastika
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Made Ratna Saraswati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Agha Bhargah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.,Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana-Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Amertha Putra Manuaba
- International Ph.D Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medical and Health Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia
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18
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Swimming Physical Training Prevented the Onset of Acute Muscle Pain by a Mechanism Dependent of PPARγ Receptors and CINC-1. Neuroscience 2020; 427:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Northam C, LeMoine CMR. Metabolic regulation by the PGC-1α and PGC-1β coactivators in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 234:60-67. [PMID: 31004809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family is composed of three coactivators whose role in regulating mammalian bioenergetics regulation is clear, but is much less certain in other vertebrates. Current evidence suggests that in fish, PGC-1α and PGC-1β may exhibit much less redundancy in the control of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis compared to mammals. To assess these roles directly, we knocked down PGC-1α and PGC-1β expression with morpholinos in zebrafish embryos, and we investigated the resulting molecular and physiological phenotypes. First, we found no effects of either morpholinos on larval hatching, heart rates and oxygen consumption over the first few days of development. Next, at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), we confirmed by real time PCR a specific knock down of both coactivators, that resulted in a significant reduction in the transcript levels of citrate synthase (CS), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) in both morphant groups. However, there was no effect on transcription factors' gene expression except for a marked reduction in estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) transcripts in PGC-1α morphants. Finally, we assessed whole embryonic enzyme activity for CS, cytochrome oxidase (COX), HOAD and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1) at 4 dpf. The only significant effect of the knockdown was a reduced CS activity in PGC-1α morphants and a counterintuitive increase of cytochrome oxidase activity in PGC-1β morphants. Overall, our results indicate that in larval zebrafish, PGC-1α and PGC-1β both play a role in regulating expression of important mitochondrial genes potentially through ERRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Northam
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada
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20
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Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy and functional mitochondrial network is critical during development as well as throughout life in the response to physiological adaptations and stress conditions. Owing to their role in energy production, mitochondria are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species, making them particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial DNA mutations and protein misfolding. Given that mitochondria are formed from proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, an additional layer of complexity is inherent in the coordination of protein synthesis and the mitochondrial import of nuclear-encoded proteins. For these reasons, mitochondria have evolved multiple systems of quality control to ensure that the requisite number of functional mitochondria are present to meet the demands of the cell. These pathways work to eliminate damaged mitochondrial proteins or parts of the mitochondrial network by mitophagy and renew components by adding protein and lipids through biogenesis, collectively resulting in mitochondrial turnover. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are multi-tiered, operating at the protein, organelle and cell levels. Herein, we discuss mitophagy in different physiological contexts and then relate it to other quality control pathways, including the unfolded protein response, shedding of vesicles, proteolysis, and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Understanding how these pathways contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis could provide insights into the development of targeted treatments when these systems fail in disease.
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21
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Soledad RB, Charles S, Samarjit D. The secret messages between mitochondria and nucleus in muscle cell biology. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 666:52-62. [PMID: 30935885 PMCID: PMC6538274 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over two thousand proteins are found in the mitochondrial compartment but the mitochondrial genome codes for only 13 proteins. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are products of nuclear genes and are synthesized in the cytosol, then translocated into the mitochondria. Most of the subunits of the five respiratory chain complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which generate a proton gradient across the membrane and produce ATP, are encoded by nuclear genes. Therefore, it is quite clear that import of nuclear-encoded proteins into the mitochondria is essential for mitochondrial function. Nuclear to mitochondrial communication is well studied. However, there is another arm to this communication, mitochondria to nucleus retrograde signaling. This plays an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and is less well studied. Several transcription factors, including Sp1, SIRT3 and GSP2, are activated by altered mitochondrial function. These activated transcription factors then translocate to the nucleus. Based on the mitochondrially generated molecular signal, nuclear genes are targeted, which alters transcription of nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial proteins. This review article will mainly focus on this interactive and bi-directional communication between mitochondria and nucleus, and how this communication plays a significant role in muscle cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steenbergen Charles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Das Samarjit
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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22
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Skeletal Muscle-specific PGC-1α Overexpression Suppresses Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4077. [PMID: 30858489 PMCID: PMC6411944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training prevents atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) increases myokine secretion from the skeletal muscle, and these myokines have been shown to affect the function of multiple organs. Since endurance exercise training increases PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscles, we investigated whether skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression suppresses atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO)/PGC-1α mice, which overexpress PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle of ApoE-KO mice, were sacrificed, and the atherosclerotic plaque area, spontaneous activity, plasma lipid profile, and aortic gene expression were measured. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed. The atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-KO/PGC-1α mice were 40% smaller than those in ApoE-KO mice, concomitant with the reduction in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein levels in the aorta. Spontaneous activity and plasma lipid profiles were not changed by the overexpression of PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, Irisin and β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), PGC-1α-dependent myokines, inhibited the tumor necrosis factor α-induced VCAM-1 gene and protein expression. BAIBA also inhibited TNFα-induced MCP-1 gene expression. These results showed that the skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α suppresses atherosclerosis and that PGC-1α-dependent myokines may be involved in the preventive effects observed.
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23
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Song X, Rahimnejad S, Zhou W, Cai L, Lu K. Molecular Characterization of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Coactivator-1α (PGC1α) and Its Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). Front Physiol 2019; 9:1957. [PMID: 30733687 PMCID: PMC6354234 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator that plays key roles in mitochondrial biogenesis, so exploring its molecular characterization contributes to the understanding of mitochondrial function in cultured fish. In the present study, a full-length cDNA coding PGC1α was cloned from the liver of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) which covered 3741 bp with an open reading frame of 2646 bp encoding 881 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed high conservation with other fish species, as well as other higher vertebrates. Comparison of the derived amino acid sequences indicates that, as with other fish, there is a proline at position 176 (RIRP) compared to a Thr in the mammalian sequences (RIRT). To investigate PGC1α function, three in vitro tests were carried out using primary hepatocytes of blunt snout bream. The effect of AMPK activity on the expression of PGC1α was determined by the culture of the hepatocytes with an activator (Metformin) or inhibitor (Compound C) of AMPK. Neither AMPK activation nor inhibition altered PGC1α expression. Knockdown of PGC1α expression in hepatocytes using small interfering RNA (si-RNA) was used to determine the role of PGC1α in mitochondrial biogenesis. No significant differences in the expression of NRF1 and TFAM, and mtDNA copy number were found between control and si-RNA groups. Also, hepatocytes were cultured with oleic acid, and the findings showed the significant reduction of mtDNA copy number in oleic acid group compared to control. Moreover, oleic acid down-regulated the expression of NRF1 and TFAM genes, while PGC1α expression remained unchanged. Our findings support the proposal that PGC1α may not play a role in mitochondrial biogenesis in blunt snout bream hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Song
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Immune Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linsen Cai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kangle Lu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Colaianni G, Lippo L, Sanesi L, Brunetti G, Celi M, Cirulli N, Passeri G, Reseland J, Schipani E, Faienza MF, Tarantino U, Colucci S, Grano M. Deletion of the Transcription Factor PGC-1α in Mice Negatively Regulates Bone Mass. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:638-652. [PMID: 30094757 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1α) is a transcription coactivator that interacts with a broad range of transcription factors involved in several biological responses. Here, we show that PGC1α plays a role in skeletal homeostasis since aged PGC1α-deficient mice (PGC1α-/-) display impaired bone structure. Micro-CT of the tibial mid-shaft showed a marked decrease of cortical thickness in PGC1α-/- (- 11.9%, p < 0.05) mice compared to wild-type littermate. Trabecular bone was also impaired in knock out mice which displayed lower trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (- 5.9% vs PGC1α+/+, p < 0.05), whereas trabecular number (Tb.N) was higher than wild-type mice (+ 72% vs PGC1α+/+, p < 0.05), thus resulting in increased (+ 31.7% vs PGC1α+/+, p < 0.05) degree of anisotropy (DA), despite unchanged bone volume fraction (BV/TV). Notably, these impairments of cortical and trabecular bone led to a dramatic ~ 48.4% decrease in bending strength (p < 0.01). These changes in PGC1α-/- mice were paralleled by a significant increase in osteoclast number at the cortical bone surface and in serum level of the bone resorption marker, namely, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I). We also found that in cortical bone, there was lower expression of mRNA codifying for the key bone-building protein Osteocalcin (Ocn). Interestingly, Collagen I mRNA expression was reduced in mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of PGC1α-/-, thus indicating that differentiation of osteoblast lineage is downregulated. Overall, results presented herein suggest that PGC1α may play a key role in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
- PhD School in Tissue and Organ Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sanesi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Celi
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cirulli
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Janne Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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The effects of PDK4 inhibition on AMPK protein levels and PGC-1? gene expression following endurance training in skeletal muscle of Wistar rats. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Perry CGR, Hawley JA. Molecular Basis of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Historical Advances, Current Knowledge, and Future Challenges. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a029686. [PMID: 28507194 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We provide an overview of groundbreaking studies that laid the foundation for our current understanding of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and its contribution to human skeletal muscle fitness. We highlight the mechanisms by which skeletal muscle responds to the acute perturbations in cellular energy homeostasis evoked by a single bout of endurance-based exercise and the adaptations resulting from the repeated demands of exercise training that ultimately promote mitochondrial biogenesis through hormetic feedback loops. Despite intense research efforts to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underpinning mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, translating this basic knowledge into improved metabolic health at the population level remains a future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - John A Hawley
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UA, United Kingdom
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Archer AE, Von Schulze AT, Geiger PC. Exercise, heat shock proteins and insulin resistance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0529. [PMID: 29203714 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Best known as chaperones, heat shock proteins (HSPs) also have roles in cell signalling and regulation of metabolism. Rodent studies demonstrate that heat treatment, transgenic overexpression and pharmacological induction of HSP72 prevent high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Overexpression of skeletal muscle HSP72 in mice has been shown to increase endurance running capacity nearly twofold and increase mitochondrial content by 50%. A positive correlation between HSP72 mRNA expression and mitochondrial enzyme activity has been observed in human skeletal muscle, and HSP72 expression is markedly decreased in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant and type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, decreased levels of HSP72 correlate with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in livers from obese patients. These data suggest the targeted induction of HSPs could be a therapeutic approach for preventing metabolic disease by maintaining the body's natural stress response. Exercise elicits a number of metabolic adaptations and is a powerful tool in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance. Exercise training is also a stimulus for increased HSP expression. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for exercise-induced HSP expression are currently unknown, the HSP response may be critical for the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise. Exercise-induced extracellular HSP release may also contribute to metabolic homeostasis by actively restoring HSP72 content in insulin resistant tissues containing low endogenous levels of HSPs.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Archer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Alex T Von Schulze
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Central irisin administration affords antidepressant-like effect and modulates neuroplasticity-related genes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29524513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has indicated that the practice of physical exercise has antidepressant effects that might be associated with irisin release and BDNF signaling. In this study we investigated the effects of the central administration of irisin or BDNF in predictive tests of antidepressant properties paralleled with the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice. Irisin (0.5-1 ng/mouse, i.c.v.) reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST), without altering locomotion in the open field test (OFT). Irisin reduced the immobility time in the TST up to 6 h after its administration. Irisin administration (6 h) increased PGC-1α mRNA in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and reduced (1 h) PGC-1α mRNA in the prefrontal cortex. FNDC5 and BDNF mRNA expression was decreased (1 h) in both structures and remained reduced up to 6 h in the prefrontal cortex. Moreover, BDNF administered at 0.25 μg/mouse, i.c.v. (1 and 6 h before the test) reduced the immobility time in the TST. BDNF administration reduced PGC-1α mRNA in the hippocampus (6 h) and prefrontal cortex (1 and 6 h). It also increased FNDC5 mRNA expression in the hippocampus (1 and 6 h), but reduced the expression of this gene and also BDNF mRNA in the prefrontal cortex (1 and 6 h). None of the treatments altered BDNF protein levels in both structures. In conclusion, irisin presents a behavioral antidepressant profile similar to BDNF, an effect associated with the modulation of gene expression of PGC-1α, FNDC5 and BDNF, reinforcing the pivotal role of these genes in mood regulation.
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Kim K, Ahn N, Jung S, Park S. Effects of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress of the cardiac muscle in obese middle-aged rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:633-641. [PMID: 29200906 PMCID: PMC5709480 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and ER stress of the cardiac muscle in high fat diet-induced obese middle-aged rats. We induced obesity over 6 weeks of period in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats around 50 weeks old, and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: chow, HFD, exercise+HFD, and exercise+chow. The exercising groups underwent high-intensity intermittent training using a ladder-climbing and weight exercise 3 days/week for a total of 8 weeks. High-fat diet and concurrent exercise resulted in no significant reduction in body weight but caused a significant reduction in visceral fat weight (p<0.05). Expression of PPARδ increased in the exercise groups and was significantly increased in the high-fat diet+exercise group (p<0.05). Among the ER stress-related proteins, the expression levels of p-PERK and CHOP, related to cardiac muscle damage, were significantly higher in the cardiac muscle of the high-fat diet group (p<0.05), and were significantly reduced by intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training (p<0.05). Specifically, this reduction was greater when the rats underwent exercise after switching back to the chow diet with a reduced caloric intake. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training and a reduced caloric intake can decrease the levels of ER stress-related proteins that contribute to cardiac muscle damage in obesity and aging. However, additional validation is required to understand the effects of these changes on mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Nayoung Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Suryun Jung
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Solee Park
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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Jordan SD, Kriebs A, Vaughan M, Duglan D, Fan W, Henriksson E, Huber AL, Papp SJ, Nguyen M, Afetian M, Downes M, Yu RT, Kralli A, Evans RM, Lamia KA. CRY1/2 Selectively Repress PPARδ and Limit Exercise Capacity. Cell Metab 2017; 26:243-255.e6. [PMID: 28683290 PMCID: PMC5546250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolite balance and mitochondrial function are under circadian control, but the pathways connecting the molecular clock to these functions are unclear. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) enables preferential utilization of lipids as fuel during exercise and is a major driver of exercise endurance. We show here that the circadian repressors CRY1 and CRY2 function as co-repressors for PPARδ. Cry1-/-;Cry2-/- myotubes and muscles exhibit elevated expression of PPARδ target genes, particularly in the context of exercise. Notably, CRY1/2 seem to repress a distinct subset of PPARδ target genes in muscle compared to the co-repressor NCOR1. In vivo, genetic disruption of Cry1 and Cry2 enhances sprint exercise performance in mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CRY1 and CRY2 modulate exercise physiology by altering the activity of several transcription factors, including CLOCK/BMAL1 and PPARδ, and thereby alter energy storage and substrate selection for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D Jordan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna Kriebs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Megan Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emma Henriksson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Anne-Laure Huber
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephanie J Papp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Madelena Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Megan Afetian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anastasia Kralli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Lee S, Leone TC, Rogosa L, Rumsey J, Ayala J, Coen PM, Fitts RH, Vega RB, Kelly DP. Skeletal muscle PGC-1β signaling is sufficient to drive an endurance exercise phenotype and to counteract components of detraining in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E394-E406. [PMID: 28270443 PMCID: PMC5451529 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00380.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and -1β serve as master transcriptional regulators of muscle mitochondrial functional capacity and are capable of enhancing muscle endurance when overexpressed in mice. We sought to determine whether muscle-specific transgenic overexpression of PGC-1β affects the detraining response following endurance training. First, we established and validated a mouse exercise-training-detraining protocol. Second, using multiple physiological and gene expression end points, we found that PGC-1β overexpression in skeletal muscle of sedentary mice fully recapitulated the training response. Lastly, PGC-1β overexpression during the detraining period resulted in partial prevention of the detraining response. Specifically, an increase in the plateau at which O2 uptake (V̇o2) did not change from baseline with increasing treadmill speed [peak V̇o2 (ΔV̇o2max)] was maintained in trained mice with PGC-1β overexpression in muscle 6 wk after cessation of training. However, other detraining responses, including changes in running performance and in situ half relaxation time (a measure of contractility), were not affected by PGC-1β overexpression. We conclude that while activation of muscle PGC-1β is sufficient to drive the complete endurance phenotype in sedentary mice, it only partially prevents the detraining response following exercise training, suggesting that the process of endurance detraining involves mechanisms beyond the reversal of muscle autonomous mechanisms involved in endurance fitness. In addition, the protocol described here should be useful for assessing early-stage proof-of-concept interventions in preclinical models of muscle disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lee
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Teresa C Leone
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Lisa Rogosa
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - John Rumsey
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Julio Ayala
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Paul M Coen
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida; and
| | - Robert H Fitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rick B Vega
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida;
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32
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Lee D, Martinez B, Crocker DE, Ortiz RM. Fasting increases the phosphorylation of AMPK and expression of sirtuin1 in muscle of adult male northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris). Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/4/e13114. [PMID: 28242816 PMCID: PMC5328766 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting typically suppresses thyroid hormone (TH)‐mediated cellular events and increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity. THs may regulate metabolism through nongenomic pathways and directly through activation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Adult male elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) are active, hypermetabolic, and normothermic during their annual breeding fast, which is characterized by stable TH levels. However, the contribution of TH to maintenance of their fasting metabolism is unknown. To investigate the fasting effects on cellular TH‐mediated events and its potential association with SIRT1 and AMPK, we quantified plasma TH levels, mRNA expressions of muscle SIRT1 and TH‐associated genes as well as the phosphorylation of AMPK in adult, male northern elephant seals (n = 10/fasting period) over 8 weeks of fasting (early vs. late). Deiodinase type I (DI1) expression increased twofold with fasting duration suggesting that the potential for TH‐mediated cellular signaling is increased. AMPK phosphorylation increased 61 ± 21% with fasting suggesting that cellular metabolism is increased. The mRNA expression of the TH transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 10 (MCT10), increased 2.4‐fold and the TH receptor (THrβ‐1) decreased 30‐fold suggesting that cellular uptake of T4 is increased, but its subsequent cellular effects such as activation of AMPK are likely nongenomic. The up‐regulation of SIRT1 mRNA expression (2.6‐fold) likely contributes to the nongenomic activation of AMPK by TH, which may be necessary to maintain the expression of PGC‐1α. These coordinated changes likely contribute to the up‐regulation of mitochondrial metabolism to support the energetic demands associated with prolonged fasting in adult seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Bridget Martinez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
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Laha SS, Naik AR, Kuhn ER, Alvarez M, Sujkowski A, Wessells RJ, Jena BP. Nanothermometry Measure of Muscle Efficiency. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1262-1268. [PMID: 28112520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in thermometry, determination of temperature at the nanometer scale in single molecules to live cells remains a challenge that holds great promise in disease detection among others. In the present study, we use a new approach to nanometer scale thermometry with a spatial and thermal resolution of 80 nm and 1 mK respectively, by directly associating 2 nm cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) to the subject under study. The 2 nm CdTe QDs physically adhered to bovine cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscle myosin, enabling the determination of heat released when ATP is hydrolyzed by both myosin motors. Greater heat loss reflects less work performed by the motor, hence decreased efficiency. Surprisingly, we found rabbit skeletal myosin to be more efficient than bovine cardiac. We have further extended this approach to demonstrate the gain in efficiency of Drosophila melanogaster skeletal muscle overexpressing the PGC-1α homologue spargel, a known mediator of improved exercise performance in humans. Our results establish a novel approach to determine muscle efficiency with promise for early diagnosis and treatment of various metabolic disorders including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvra S Laha
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Akshata R Naik
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Eric R Kuhn
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Maysen Alvarez
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Robert J Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Bhanu P Jena
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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Ryan AS, Li G, Hafer-Macko C, Ivey FM. Resistive Training and Molecular Regulators of Vascular-Metabolic Risk in Chronic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:962-968. [PMID: 27955950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC-1α) gene and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) respond to physiological stimuli and regulate insulin resistance. Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) and vascular CAM-1 (sVCAM-1) are associated with increased risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Resistive training (RT) reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves insulin action in chronic stroke. Yet, the molecular mechanisms for this are unknown. This study will determine the effects of RT on skeletal muscle PGC-1α and SIRT-1 mRNA expression and inflammatory and vascular markers. METHODS Stroke survivors (50-76 years) underwent a fasting blood draw for measurement of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, serum amyloid A, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and bilateral vastus lateralis biopsies before and after RT. Participants were also assessed using bilateral multislice thigh computed tomography scans from the knee to the hip, a total body scan by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 1-repetition maximum strength testing. Subjects performed 2 sets of 3 lower extremity RT exercises 3 times per week for 12 weeks. RESULTS Bilateral leg press and leg extension strength increased ~30-50% with RT (P < .001). Body weight, total body fat mass, and fat-free mass did not change. Thigh muscle area and volume increased in both legs (P < .05). Nonparetic muscle PGC-1α mRNA expression increased 14% (P < .05) after RT and SIRT-1 mRNA decreased 24% (P < .05) and 31% (P < .01) in paretic and nonparetic muscles. There were no significant changes in plasma inflammation with training. DISCUSSION RT in chronic stroke induces changes in key skeletal muscle regulators of metabolism, without effecting circulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Guoyan Li
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charlene Hafer-Macko
- GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frederick M Ivey
- GRECC, MERCE, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ballmann C, Tang Y, Bush Z, Rowe GC. Adult expression of PGC-1α and -1β in skeletal muscle is not required for endurance exercise-induced enhancement of exercise capacity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E928-E938. [PMID: 27780821 PMCID: PMC5183883 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00209.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to be the best intervention in the treatment of many diseases. Many of the benefits of exercise are mediated by adaptions induced in skeletal muscle. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators has emerged as being key mediators of the exercise response and is considered to be essential for many of the adaptions seen in skeletal muscle. However, the contribution of the PGC-1s in skeletal muscle has been evaluated by the use of either whole body or congenital skeletal muscle-specific deletion. In these models, PGC-1s were never present, thereby opening the possibility to developmental compensation. Therefore, we generated an inducible muscle-specific deletion of PGC-1α and -1β (iMyo-PGC-1DKO), in which both PGC-1α and -β can be deleted specifically in adult skeletal muscle. These iMyo-PGC-1DKO animals were used to assess the role of both PGC-1α and -1β in adult skeletal muscle and their contribution to the exercise training response. Untrained iMyo-PGC-1DKO animals exhibited a time-dependent decrease in exercise performance 8 wk postdeletion, similar to what was observed in the congenital muscle-specific PGC-1DKOs. However, after 4 wk of voluntary training, the iMyo-PGC-1DKOs exhibited an increase in exercise performance with a similar adaptive response compared with control animals. This increase was associated with an increase in electron transport complex (ETC) expression and activity in the absence of PGC-1α and -1β expression. Taken together these data suggest that PGC-1α and -1β expression are not required for training-induced exercise performance, highlighting the contribution of PGC-1-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ballmann
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Yawen Tang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zachary Bush
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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36
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Zak RB, Shute RJ, Heesch MWS, La Salle DT, Bubak MP, Dinan NE, Laursen TL, Slivka DR. Impact of hot and cold exposure on human skeletal muscle gene expression. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:319-325. [PMID: 28177744 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many human diseases lead to a loss of skeletal muscle metabolic function and mass. Local and environmental temperature can modulate the exercise-stimulated response of several genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle function in a human model. However, the impact of environmental temperature, independent of exercise, has not been addressed in a human model. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exposure to hot, cold, and room temperature conditions on skeletal muscle gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle mass. Recreationally trained male subjects (n = 12) had muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after 3 h of exposure to hot (33 °C), cold (7 °C), or room temperature (20 °C) conditions. Temperature had no effect on most of the genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, myogenesis, or proteolysis (p > 0.05). Core temperature was significantly higher in hot and cold environments compared with room temperature (37.2 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.001; 37.1 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.013; 36.9 ± 0.1 °C, respectively). Whole-body oxygen consumption was also significantly higher in hot and cold compared with room temperature (0.38 ± 0.01 L·min-1, p < 0.001; 0.52 ± 0.03 L·min-1, p < 0.001; 0.35 ± 0.01 L·min-1, respectively). In conclusion, these data show that acute temperature exposure alone does not elicit significant changes in skeletal muscle gene expression. When considered in conjunction with previous research, exercise appears to be a necessary component to observe gene expression alterations between different environmental temperatures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana B Zak
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Robert J Shute
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Matthew W S Heesch
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - D Taylor La Salle
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Matthew P Bubak
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Nicholas E Dinan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Terence L Laursen
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Dustin R Slivka
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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37
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Expression of GHR and PGC-lα in association with changes of MyHC isof orm types in longissimus muscle of Erhualian and Large White pigs (Sus scrofa) during postnatal growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800090068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMyofibre composition in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of Erhualian (EHL) and Large White (LW) pigs was investigated by determining the ratios of mRNA abundances of four myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms (MyHC I, MyHC 2a, MyHC 2x and MyHC 2b) using multiplex RT-PCR. The relationship between expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α coactivator-lα (PGC-lα) mRNAs and changes ofmyofibre type composition during postnatal growth from 3 to 180 days of age were analysed. At 3 days of age, proportions of MyHC I, 2a and 2x fibres were high while only a few MyHC 2b fibres were differentiated. Dramatic changes were observed from day 3 to day 20 with significantly decreased MyHC I, 2a and 2x fibres but abrupt increases in MyHC 2b fibres in both breeds of pigs. Breed difference was exhibited only from day 90, with higher MyHC 2b but less MyHC I and 2a expression in LW pigs. Developmental pattern of GHR mRNA expression in LD muscle coincided with that of MyHC 2b, with LW pigs expressing higher abundance of GHR mRNA. PGC-lα mRNA expression followed distinct patterns in the two breeds of pigs, a higher level of PGC-lα mRNA being expressed in LD muscle of EHL pigs, the breed that possessed more oxidative fibres (MyHC I and MyHC 2a).
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38
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Li Z, Liu L, Hou N, Song Y, An X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Wang J. miR-199-sponge transgenic mice develop physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:258-67. [PMID: 26976621 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Overexpression of either member of the miR-199 family, miR-199a-5p, or miR-199b-5p (hereinafter referred to as miR-199a or miR-199b) promotes pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but little is known about the role of endogenous miR-199 in cardiac development and disease. Our study aimed to determine the physiological function of the endogenous miR-199 family in cardiac homeostasis maintenance. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a sponge transgenic mouse model with a specific disruption of miR-199 in the heart. To our surprise, we found that knockdown of endogenous miR-199 caused physiological cardiac hypertrophy characterized by an increased heart weight and cardiomyocyte size, but with normal cardiac morphology and function. Furthermore, we also identified PGC1α as the target gene of the miR-199 family, and PGC1α was also increased in sponge transgenic mice. CONCLUSION Inhibition of endogenous miR-199 led to physiological cardiac hypertrophy probably due to the up-regulation of PGC1α, uncovering a surprising role for endogenous miR-199 in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ning Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yao Song
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie, Beijing 100071, China
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39
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Cerveró C, Montull N, Tarabal O, Piedrafita L, Esquerda JE, Calderó J. Chronic Treatment with the AMPK Agonist AICAR Prevents Skeletal Muscle Pathology but Fails to Improve Clinical Outcome in a Mouse Model of Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:198-216. [PMID: 26582176 PMCID: PMC4720671 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by spinal and brainstem motor neuron (MN) loss and skeletal muscle paralysis. Currently, there is no effective treatment other than supportive care to ameliorate the quality of life of patients with SMA. Some studies have reported that physical exercise, by improving muscle strength and motor function, is potentially beneficial in SMA. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has been reported to be an exercise mimetic agent that is able to regulate muscle metabolism and increase endurance both at rest and during exercise. Chronic AICAR administration has been shown to ameliorate the dystrophic muscle phenotype and motor behavior in the mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Here, we investigated whether chronic AICAR treatment was able to elicit beneficial effects on motor abilities and neuromuscular histopathology in a mouse model of severe SMA (the SMNΔ7 mouse). We report that AICAR improved skeletal muscle atrophy and structural changes found in neuromuscular junctions of SMNΔ7 animals. However, although AICAR prevented the loss of glutamatergic excitatory synapses on MNs, this compound was not able to mitigate MN loss or the microglial and astroglial reaction occurring in the spinal cord of diseased mice. Moreover, no improvement in survival or motor performance was seen in SMNΔ7 animals treated with AICAR. The beneficial effects of AICAR in SMA found in our study are SMN-independent, as no changes in the expression of this protein were seen in the spinal cord and skeletal muscle of diseased animals treated with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Cerveró
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Montull
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olga Tarabal
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lídia Piedrafita
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep E Esquerda
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Calderó
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Av. Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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40
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Dos Santos JM, Moreli ML, Tewari S, Benite-Ribeiro SA. The effect of exercise on skeletal muscle glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: An epigenetic perspective. Metabolism 2015; 64:1619-28. [PMID: 26481513 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in eating habits and sedentary lifestyle are main contributors to type 2 diabetes (T2D) development, and studies suggest that epigenetic modifications are involved with the growing incidence of this disease. Regular exercise modulates many intracellular pathways improving insulin resistance and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, both early abnormalities of T2D. Mitochondria dysfunction and decreased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT4) were identified as main factors of insulin resistance. Moreover, it has been suggested that skeletal muscle of T2D subjects have a different pattern of epigenetic marks on the promoter of GLUT4 and PGC1, main regulator of mitochondrial function, compared with nondiabetic individuals. Recent studies have proposed that regular exercise could improve glucose uptake by the attenuation of such epigenetic modification induced at GLUT4, PGC1 and its downstream regulators; however, the exact mechanism is still to be understood. Herein we review the known epigenetic modifications on GLUT4 and mitochondrial proteins that lead to impairment of skeletal muscle glucose uptake and T2D development, and the effect of physical exercise at these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shikha Tewari
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India
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41
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Senoo N, Miyoshi N, Goto-Inoue N, Minami K, Yoshimura R, Morita A, Sawada N, Matsuda J, Ogawa Y, Setou M, Kamei Y, Miura S. PGC-1α-mediated changes in phospholipid profiles of exercise-trained skeletal muscle. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2286-96. [PMID: 26438561 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training influences phospholipid fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle and these changes are associated with physiological phenotypes; however, the molecular mechanism of this influence on compositional changes is poorly understood. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a nuclear receptor coactivator, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, the fiber-type switch to oxidative fibers, and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Because exercise training induces these adaptations, together with increased PGC-1α, PGC-1α may contribute to the exercise-mediated change in phospholipid fatty acid composition. To determine the role of PGC-1α, we performed lipidomic analyses of skeletal muscle from genetically modified mice that overexpress PGC-1α in skeletal muscle or that carry KO alleles of PGC-1α. We found that PGC-1α affected lipid profiles in skeletal muscle and increased several phospholipid species in glycolytic muscle, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC) (18:0/22:6) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0/22:6). We also found that exercise training increased PC (18:0/22:6) and PE (18:0/22:6) in glycolytic muscle and that PGC-1α was required for these alterations. Because phospholipid fatty acid composition influences cell permeability and receptor stability at the cell membrane, these phospholipids may contribute to exercise training-mediated functional changes in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Senoo
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kimiko Minami
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Akihito Morita
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoki Sawada
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Junichiro Matsuda
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Lahiri S, Wahli W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ: a master regulator of metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 4:565-73. [PMID: 25961233 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is considered to be a major site of energy expenditure and thus is important in regulating events affecting metabolic disorders. Over the years, both in vitro and in vivo approaches have established the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in fatty acid metabolism and energy expenditure in skeletal muscles. Pharmacological activation of PPARβ/δ by specific ligands regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid use, triglyceride hydrolysis, fatty acid oxidation, energy expenditure, and lipid efflux in muscles, in turn resulting in decreased body fat mass and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Both the lipid-lowering and the anti-diabetic effects exerted by the induction of PPARβ/δ result in the amelioration of symptoms of metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the action of PPARβ/δ activation in energy metabolism in skeletal muscles and also highlights the unexplored pathways in which it might have potential effects in the context of muscular disorders. Numerous preclinical studies have identified PPARβ/δ as a probable potential target for therapeutic interventions. Although PPARβ/δ agonists have not yet reached the market, several are presently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Bhlhe40 Represses PGC-1α Activity on Metabolic Gene Promoters in Myogenic Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2518-29. [PMID: 25963661 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00387-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator promoting oxidative metabolism in many tissues. Its expression in skeletal muscle (SKM) is induced by hypoxia and reactive oxidative species (ROS) generated during exercise, suggesting that PGC-1α might mediate the cross talk between oxidative metabolism and cellular responses to hypoxia and ROS. Here we found that PGC-1α directly interacted with Bhlhe40, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor induced by hypoxia, and protects SKM from ROS damage, and they cooccupied PGC-1α-targeted gene promoters/enhancers, which in turn repressed PGC-1α transactivational activity. Bhlhe40 repressed PGC-1α activity through recruiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and preventing the relief of PGC-1α intramolecular repression caused by its own intrinsic suppressor domain. Knockdown of Bhlhe40 mRNA increased levels of ROS, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial DNA, and expression of PGC-1α target genes. Similar effects were also observed when the Bhlhe40-mediated repression was rescued by a dominantly active form of the PGC-1α-interacting domain (PID) from Bhlhe40. We further found that Bhlhe40-mediated repression can be largely relieved by exercise, in which its recruitment to PGC-1α-targeted cis elements was significantly reduced. These observations suggest that Bhlhe40 is a novel regulator of PGC-1α activity repressing oxidative metabolism gene expression and mitochondrion biogenesis in sedentary SKM.
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44
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He ZH, Hu Y, Li YC, Gong LJ, Cieszczyk P, Maciejewska-Karlowska A, Leonska-Duniec A, Muniesa CA, Marín-Peiro M, Santiago C, Garatachea N, Eynon N, Lucia A. PGC-related gene variants and elite endurance athletic status in a Chinese cohort: a functional study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 25:184-95. [PMID: 25170593 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the association between proliferator-activated receptor γ (PGC)-gene family-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and elite endurance runners' status in a Chinese cohort, and to gain insights into the functionality of a subset of SNPs. Genotype distributions of 133 SNPs in PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, PPRC1, TFAM, TFB1M, TFB2M, NRF1, GABPA, GABPB1, ERRα, and SIRT1 genes were compared between 235 elite Chinese (Han) endurance runners (127 women) and 504 healthy non-athletic controls (237 women). Luciferase gene reporter activity was determined in 20 SNPs. After adjusting for multiple comparisons (in which threshold P-value was set at 0.00041), no significant differences were found in allele/genotype frequencies between athletes and controls (when both sexes were analyzed either together or separately). The lowest P-value was found in PPARGC1A rs4697425 (P = 0.001 for the comparison of allele frequencies between elite female endurance runners and their gender-matched controls). However, no association (all P > 0.05) was observed for this SNP in a replication cohort from Poland (194 endurance athletes and 190 controls). Using functional genomics tool, the following SNPs were found to have functional significance: PPARGC1A rs6821591, rs12650562, rs12374310, rs4697425, rs13113110, and rs4452416; PPARGC1B rs251466 and rs17110586; and PPRC1 rs17114388 (all P < 0.001). This study found no significant association between PGC-related SNPs and elite endurance athlete status in the Chinese population, despite some SNPs showing potential functional significance and the strong biological rationale to hypothesize that this gene pathway is a candidate to influence endurance exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-H He
- Biology Centre, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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45
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Liu J, Liang X, Gan Z. Transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling muscle fiber type switching. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:321-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Diop SB, Bisharat-Kernizan J, Birse RT, Oldham S, Ocorr K, Bodmer R. PGC-1/Spargel Counteracts High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Cardiac Lipotoxicity Downstream of TOR and Brummer ATGL Lipase. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1572-1584. [PMID: 25753422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with an increased risk for lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, which is strongly correlated with excessive accumulation of lipids in the heart. Obesity- and type-2-diabetes-related disorders have been linked to altered expression of the transcriptional cofactor PGC-1α, which regulates the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism. Using Drosophila, we identify PGC-1/spargel (PGC-1/srl) as a key antagonist of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. We find that HFD-induced lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction are mimicked by reduced PGC-1/srl function and reversed by PGC-1/srl overexpression. Moreover, HFD feeding lowers PGC-1/srl expression by elevating TOR signaling and inhibiting expression of the Drosophila adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) (Brummer), both of which function as upstream modulators of PGC-1/srl. The lipogenic transcription factor SREBP also contributes to HFD-induced cardiac lipotoxicity, likely in parallel with PGC-1/srl. These results suggest a regulatory network of key metabolic genes that modulates lipotoxic heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soda Balla Diop
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jumana Bisharat-Kernizan
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Tyge Birse
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Oldham
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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47
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Contreras C, Gonzalez F, Fernø J, Diéguez C, Rahmouni K, Nogueiras R, López M. The brain and brown fat. Ann Med 2015; 47:150-68. [PMID: 24915455 PMCID: PMC4438385 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.919727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized organ responsible for thermogenesis, a process required for maintaining body temperature. BAT is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which activates lipolysis and mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipocytes. For many years, BAT was considered to be important only in small mammals and newborn humans, but recent data have shown that BAT is also functional in adult humans. On the basis of this evidence, extensive research has been focused on BAT function, where new molecules, such as irisin and bone morphogenetic proteins, particularly BMP7 and BMP8B, as well as novel central factors and new regulatory mechanisms, such as orexins and the canonical ventomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK)-SNS-BAT axis, have been discovered and emerged as potential drug targets to combat obesity. In this review we provide an overview of the complex central regulation of BAT and how different neuronal cell populations co-ordinately work to maintain energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contreras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria , Santiago de Compostela, 15782 , Spain
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48
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Gim JA, Hong CP, Kim DS, Moon JW, Choi Y, Eo J, Kwon YJ, Lee JR, Jung YD, Bae JH, Choi BH, Ko J, Song S, Ahn K, Ha HS, Yang YM, Lee HK, Park KD, Do KT, Han K, Yi JM, Cha HJ, Ayarpadikannan S, Cho BW, Bhak J, Kim HS. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation before-and after exercise in the thoroughbred horse with MeDIP-Seq. Mol Cells 2015; 38:210-20. [PMID: 25666347 PMCID: PMC4363720 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletic performance is an important criteria used for the selection of superior horses. However, little is known about exercise-related epigenetic processes in the horse. DNA methylation is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in response to environmental changes. We carried out comparative genomic analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the blood samples of two different thoroughbred horses before and after exercise by methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq). Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the pre-and post-exercise blood samples of superior and inferior horses were identified. Exercise altered the methylation patterns. After 30 min of exercise, 596 genes were hypomethylated and 715 genes were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas in the inferior horse, 868 genes were hypomethylated and 794 genes were hypermethylated. These genes were analyzed based on gene ontology (GO) annotations and the exercise-related pathway patterns in the two horses were compared. After exercise, gene regions related to cell division and adhesion were hypermethylated in the superior horse, whereas regions related to cell signaling and transport were hypermethylated in the inferior horse. Analysis of the distribution of methylated CpG islands confirmed the hypomethylation in the gene-body methylation regions after exercise. The methylation patterns of transposable elements also changed after exercise. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) showed abundance of DMRs. Collectively, our results serve as a basis to study exercise-based reprogramming of epigenetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-An Gim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Moon
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Jungwoo Eo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Ja-Rang Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Yi-Deun Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Jin-Han Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706,
Korea
| | - Junsu Ko
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Sanghoon Song
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Kung Ahn
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Ha
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749,
Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tag Do
- Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711,
Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714,
Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Departments of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-702,
Korea
| | - Selvam Ayarpadikannan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702,
Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- TBI, Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, Suwon 443-270,
Korea
- BioMedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 689-798,
Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
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49
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Booth FW, Ruegsegger GN, Toedebusch RG, Yan Z. Endurance Exercise and the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:129-51. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Jung S, Kim K. Exercise-induced PGC-1α transcriptional factors in skeletal muscle. Integr Med Res 2014; 3:155-160. [PMID: 28664092 PMCID: PMC5481761 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is adapting to the needs of the body by changes of various gene expression that control mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and the composition of muscle fiber types. Recently, it was revealed that PGC-1α, which is an auxiliary transcription factor, plays a key role in the aforementioned adaptation phenomena. It means that various signal transduction systems within muscle directly affect the expression and activation of PGC-1α and also PGC-1s activates various programs for muscle adaptation. Therefore, this review assessed PGC-1α to understand the reaction and adaptation phenomena of muscle against the biological stimulus such as exercise and came to the conclusion that PGC-1α and PGC-1β significantly affect skeletal muscle in various ways, and also have an affect on the increase of exercise capacity, inducing of angiogenesis and the prevention of muscle atrophy and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kijin Kim
- Corresponding author. Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1000 Shindang-dong, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 704-701, Korea.
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