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Xue Y, Zhou S, Yan L, Li Y, Xu X, Wang X, Minobe E, Kameyama M, Hao L, Hu H. Ahf-Caltide, a Novel Polypeptide Derived from Calpastatin, Protects against Oxidative Stress Injury by Stabilizing the Expression of Ca V1.2 Calcium Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15729. [PMID: 37958713 PMCID: PMC10648788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion after ischemia would cause massive myocardial injury, which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Calcium homeostasis imbalance plays an essential role in myocardial OS injury. CaV1.2 calcium channel mediates calcium influx into cardiomyocytes, and its activity is modulated by a region of calpastatin (CAST) domain L, CSL54-64. In this study, the effect of Ahf-caltide, derived from CSL54-64, on myocardial OS injury was investigated. Ahf-caltide decreased the levels of LDH, MDA and ROS and increased heart rate, coronary flow, cell survival and SOD activity during OS. In addition, Ahf-caltide permeated into H9c2 cells and increased CaV1.2, CaVβ2 and CAST levels by inhibiting protein degradation. At different Ca2+ concentrations (25 nM, 10 μM, 1 mM), the binding of CSL to the IQ motif in the C terminus of the CaV1.2 channel was increased in a H2O2 concentration-dependent manner. CSL54-64 was predicted to be responsible for the binding of CSL to CaV1.2. In conclusion, Ahf-caltide exerted a cardioprotective effect on myocardial OS injury by stabilizing CaV1.2 protein expression. Our study, for the first time, proposed that restoring calcium homeostasis by targeting the CaV1.2 calcium channel and its regulating factor CAST could be a novel treatment for myocardial OS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuelin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xingrong Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xianghui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (E.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (E.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (Y.X.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.X.); (X.W.)
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Kameyama M, Minobe E, Shao D, Xu J, Gao Q, Hao L. Regulation of Cardiac Cav1.2 Channels by Calmodulin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076409. [PMID: 37047381 PMCID: PMC10094977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels, a type of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel, are ubiquitously expressed, and the predominant Ca2+ channel type, in working cardiac myocytes. Cav1.2 channels are regulated by the direct interactions with calmodulin (CaM), a Ca2+-binding protein that causes Ca2+-dependent facilitation (CDF) and inactivation (CDI). Ca2+-free CaM (apoCaM) also contributes to the regulation of Cav1.2 channels. Furthermore, CaM indirectly affects channel activity by activating CaM-dependent enzymes, such as CaM-dependent protein kinase II and calcineurin (a CaM-dependent protein phosphatase). In this article, we review the recent progress in identifying the role of apoCaM in the channel ‘rundown’ phenomena and related repriming of channels, and CDF, as well as the role of Ca2+/CaM in CDI. In addition, the role of CaM in channel clustering is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakura-ga-oka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110012, China (L.H.)
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Rossafa Garcia OS, Simões Araújo JL, Gasparino E, Teixeira Rodrigues M, de Souza Khatlab A, Veiga Rodrigues Paulino P, Chaves da Silva J, Nehme de Azevedo PC, Menck Soares MA. Association of CAST-gene polymorphism with mRNA levels and meat tenderness in goats. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Meat tenderness is affected by numerous factors that can cause considerable economic loss as it is one of the characteristics of meat most appreciated by consumers. Higher expression of the calpastatin gene (CAST) has been associated with a reduced meat tenderness in different animal species. Aims Our main objective of the present study was to evaluate the association of the expression of the CAST gene with the shear force of goat muscle. We also assessed whether variations in gene expression could be explained by the polymorphism already identified by other authors or whether the polymorphism may be associated with phenotypic characteristics such as meat tenderness, slaughter weight and carcass weight. Methods Forty crossbred goats (Saanen × Alpine) were slaughtered at ~150 days of age. So as to obtain the genotype of each animal, blood samples were collected on the day of slaughter for subsequent DNA isolation. On the same day, samples of muscle tissue (Longissimus lumborum) were collected to analyse both gene expression and shear force. Key results Among the seven alleles already known from A to G, the C allele, which is the only one exhibiting exon variation, was not observed in our samples. We found, for the first time, that in goat, the highest CAST-gene expression levels are directly related to an increase in the muscle shear force, as has been described for other species. No statistical difference was observed for shear force, slaughter weight or carcass weight among the different genotypic groups evaluated. However, we observed that the level of expression of the CAST gene within Group 7 (Genotypes GG and GE) presented a higher value that in the other genotypes (P < 0.05), although we did not find a satisfactory explanation for the increase in expression in those genotypes. Conclusions Our results gave support what has already been verified in studies with other species, namely that the calpastatin-gene expression is related to the postmortem meat-tenderising process. Implications The tenderness is an important feature in the choice of meat. Several factors can alter this characteristic, such as breed, age, sex and slaughter weight of animals. The molecular mechanisms involved in ante-morten and postmortem processes are important for improving understanding of how we can identify animals that tend to have softer meat after slaughter by applying new technologies, such as molecular marker.
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Saini BL, Gaur GK, Sahoo NR, Naha BC, Baranwal A. Assessment of meat quality defect genes in indigenous pigs of Bareilly region. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1329-1335. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-01795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saini BL, Gaur GK, Sahoo NR, Mendiratta SK, Kumar A, Naha BC, Baranwal A, Yadav V, Jaiswal RK. Polymorphism distribution of RYR1, PRKAG3, HFABP, MYF-5 and MC4R genes in crossbred pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1575-1585. [PMID: 30288642 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to screen the crossbred pigs for SNPs in five candidate genes, associated with pork quality traits and to differentiate their genotypes by PCR-RFLP. The results indicated that genotypes of crossbred pigs were NN (90%) and Nn (10%) for RYR1; RR (83%) and QR (17%) for PRKAG3; HH (98%), Hh (1%) and hh (1%) for HFABP; DD (99%) and CD (1%) for MYF-5; and AG (57%), GG (26%) and AA (17%) for MC4R SNPs, respectively. Allelic frequencies for five SNPs {RYR1 (1843C>T), PRKAG3 (c.599G>A), HFABP (c.1322C>T), MYF-5 (c.1205A>C) and MC4R (c.1426A>G)} were 0.95 and 0.05 (N/n), 0.08 and 0.92 (Q/R), 0.99 and 0.01 (H/h), 0.00 and 1.00 (C/D) and 0.45 and 0.55 (A/G), respectively. The effect of RYR1 (1843C>T) SNP was significant on pH45 (P < 0.05), pH24 (P < 0.05) and protein % (P < 0.05). The PRKAG3 (c.599G>A) and MC4R (c.1426A>G) SNP had significant association with dressing percentages. The results revealed that RYR1, PRKAG3 and MC4R SNPs may be used in marker associated selection for pork quality traits in crossbred pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Saini
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India.
| | - G K Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - S K Mendiratta
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - B C Naha
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - A Baranwal
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - V Yadav
- Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - R K Jaiswal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, 243122, India
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Association of the calpastatin genotypes, haplotypes, and SNPs with meat quality and fatty acid composition in two Iranian fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Singh RB, Dandekar SP, Elimban V, Gupta SK, Dhalla NS. Role of proteases in the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 263:241-56. [PMID: 27520682 DOI: 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000041865.63445.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death and thus a great deal of effort has been made in salvaging the diseased myocardium. Although various factors have been identified as possible causes of different cardiac diseases such as heart failure and ischemic heart disease, there is a real need to elucidate their role for the better understanding of the cardiac disease pathology and formulation of strategies for developing newer therapeutic interventions. In view of the intimate involvement of different types of proteases in maintaining cellular structure, the role of proteases in various cardiac diseases has become the focus of recent research. Proteases are present in the cytosol as well as are localized in a number of subcellular organelles in the cell. These are known to use extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal, sarcolemmal, sarcoplasmic reticular, mitochondrial and myofibrillar proteins as substrates. Work from different laboratories using a wide variety of techniques has shown that the activation of proteases causes alterations of a number of specific proteins leading to subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Inhibition of protease action by different drugs and agents, therefore, has a clinical relevance and is expected to form a part of new treatment paradigm for improving heart function. This review examines the biochemistry and localization of some of the proteases in the cardiac tissue in addition to identification of the sites of action of some protease inhibitors. (Mol Cell Biochem 263: 241-256, 2004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja B Singh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Sucheta P Dandekar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Suresh K Gupta
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R2H 2A6
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Urbański P, Pierzchała M, Terman A, Kamyczek M, Różycki M, Roszczyk A, Czarnik U. The relationship between the polymorphism of the porcine CAST gene and productive traits in pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urbański, P., Pierzchała, M., Terman, A., Kamyczek, M., Różycki, M., Roszczyk, A. and Czarnik, U. 2015. The relationship between the polymorphism of the porcine CAST gene and productive traits in pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 361–367. The aim of the study was to characterize the polymorphism of the calpastatin gene identified with ApaLI, Hpy188I and PvuII restriction enzymes in two pig breeds and one line bred in Poland, and to evaluate the relationship between the CAST genotype and carcass traits. The analysis covered a total of 617 pigs of two breeds, Polish Landrace (185) and Polish Large White (216), and synthetic line L990 (216). All animals studied appeared to be monomorphic at two loci: CAST/ApaLI and CAST/Hpy188I, while three genotypes were observed at CAST/PvuII locus. Statistical analysis was carried out for each breed separately using the least square methods of the GLM procedure. The model included the effect of the CAST genotype, fixed effect of the RYR1 genotype and the effect of the sire. Because the RYR1 genotype could significantly modify the effect of other genes, the effect of the RYR1 genotype was included in the statistical model. The relationship between the polymorphism and several productive traits was identified in each of the study groups of pigs. Animals carrying the heterozygous genotype at this locus showed most extreme values for some of the traits tested. Our results suggest that the CAST /PvuII genotype might be utilized in the selection of valuable pig carcass traits, particularly weight and size of the loin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Urbański
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Terman
- West-Pomerania Technological University, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, 71-466 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marian Kamyczek
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Experimental Station, 64-122 Pawłowice, Poland
| | - Marian Różycki
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Cracow – Balice, Poland
- Deceased
| | - Agnieszka Roszczyk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Animal Genetics, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Sun W, Feng R, Hu H, Guo F, Gao Q, Shao D, Yin D, Wang H, Sun X, Zhao M, Minobe E, Sun Y, Jiao G, Kameyama M, Hao L. The Ca(2+)-dependent interaction of calpastatin domain L with the C-terminal tail of the Cav1.2 channel. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:665-71. [PMID: 24462690 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To demonstrate the interaction of calpastatin (CS) domain L (CSL) with Cav1.2 channel, we investigated the binding of CSL with various C-terminus-derived peptides at≈free, 100 nM, 10 μM, and 1mM Ca(2+) by using the GST pull-down assay method. Besides binding with the IQ motif, CSL was also found to bind with the PreIQ motif. With increasing [Ca(2+)], the affinity of the CSL-IQ interaction gradually decreased, and the affinity of the CSL-PreIQ binding gradually increased. The results suggest that CSL may bind with both the IQ and PreIQ motifs of the Cav1.2 channel in different Ca(2+)-dependent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Huiyuan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dongxue Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dandan Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xuefei Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Meimi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Guangyu Jiao
- Respiratory Department and Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Masaki Kameyama
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Cardiovascular Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Aali M, Moradi-Shahrbabak M, Moradi-Shahrbabak H, Sadeghi M. Detecting novel SNPs and breed-specific haplotypes at calpastatin gene in Iranian fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds and their effects on protein structure. Gene 2014; 537:132-9. [PMID: 24401538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin has been introduced as a potential candidate gene for growth and meat quality traits. In this study, genetic variability was investigated in the exon 6 and its intron boundaries of ovine CAST gene by PCR-SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing. Also a protein sequence and structural analysis were performed to predict the possible impact of amino acid substitutions on physicochemical properties and structure of the CAST protein. A total of 487 animals belonging to four ancient Iranian sheep breeds with different fat metabolisms, Lori-Bakhtiari and Chall (fat-tailed), Zel-Atabay cross-bred (medium fat-tailed) and Zel (thin-tailed), were analyzed. Eight unique SSCP patterns, representing eight different sequences or haplotypes, CAST-1, CAST-2 and CAST-6 to CAST-11, were identified. Haplotypes CAST-1 and CAST-2 were most common with frequency of 0.365 and 0.295. The novel haplotype CAST-8 had considerable frequency in Iranian sheep breeds (0.129). All the consensus sequences showed 98-99%, 94-98%, 92-93% and 82-83% similarity to the published ovine, caprine, bovine and porcine CAST locus sequences, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed four SNPs in intron 5 (C24T, G62A, G65T and T69-) and three SNPs in exon 6 (c.197A>T, c.282G>T and c.296C>G). All three SNPs in exon 6 were missense mutations which would result in p.Gln 66 Leu, p.Glu 94 Asp and p.Pro 99 Arg substitutions, respectively, in CAST protein. All three amino acid substitutions affected the physicochemical properties of ovine CAST protein including hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity and net charge and subsequently might influence its structure and effect on the activity of Ca2+ channels; hence, they might regulate calpain activity and afterwards meat tenderness and growth rate. The Lori-Bakhtiari population showed the highest heterozygosity in the ovine CAST locus (0.802). Frequency difference of haplotypes CAST-10 and CAST-8 between Lori-Bakhtiari (fat-tailed) and Zel (thin-tailed) breeds was highly significant (P<0.001), indicating that these two haplotypes might be breed-specific haplotypes that distinguish between fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aali
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Moradi-Shahrbabak
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Excellent Center for Improving Sheep Carcass Quality and Quantity, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Moradi-Shahrbabak
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Abstract
Calpain is a conserved family of calcium-dependent, cytosolic, neutral cysteine proteases. The best characterized members of the family are the ubiquitously expressed calpain 1 and calpain 2. They perform controlled proteolysis of their target proteins. The regulation of these enzymes includes autolysis, calcium, phosphorylation as a posttranslational modification, and binding of calpastatin, phospholipids or activator proteins, respectively. Calpain are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. They have significant role in the cell proliferation, differentiation and migration in a variety of mammalian cell types, contributing to the development of angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and cancer. Therefore the knowledge of the precise mechanism of calpain signaling could provide therapeutic approaches in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Minobe E, Asmara H, Saud ZA, Kameyama M. Calpastatin domain L is a partial agonist of the calmodulin-binding site for channel activation in Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39013-22. [PMID: 21937422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.242248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 Ca(2+) channel activity diminishes in inside-out patches (run-down). Previously, we have found that with ATP, calpastatin domain L (CSL) and calmodulin (CaM) recover channel activity from the run-down in guinea pig cardiac myocytes. Because the potency of the CSL repriming effect was smaller than that of CaM, we hypothesized that CSL might act as a partial agonist of CaM in the channel-repriming effect. To examine this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of the competitions between CSL and CaM on channel activity and on binding in the channel. We found that CSL suppressed the channel-activating effect of CaM in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner. The channel-inactivating effect of CaM seen at high concentrations of CaM, however, did not seem to be affected by CSL. In the GST pull-down assay, CSL suppressed binding of CaM to GST fusion peptides derived from C-terminal regions in a competitive manner. The inhibition of CaM binding by CSL was observed with the IQ peptide but not the PreIQ peptide, which is the CaM-binding domain in the C terminus. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CSL competes with CaM as a partial agonist for the site in the IQ domain in the C-terminal region of the Cav1.2 channel, which may be involved in activation of the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Patterson C, Portbury A, Schisler JC, Willis MS. Tear me down: role of calpain in the development of cardiac ventricular hypertrophy. Circ Res 2011; 109:453-62. [PMID: 21817165 PMCID: PMC3151485 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.239749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy develops most commonly in response to hypertension and is an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure. The mechanisms by which cardiac hypertrophy may be reversed to reduce this risk have not been fully determined to the point where mechanism-specific therapies have been developed. Recently, proteases in the calpain family have been implicated in the regulation of the development of cardiac hypertrophy in preclinical animal models. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which calpain inhibition has been shown to modulate the development of cardiac (specifically ventricular) hypertrophy. The context within which calpain inhibition might be developed for therapeutic intervention of cardiac hypertrophy is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam Patterson
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Portbury
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Monte S. Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Becker JR, Deo RC, Werdich AA, Panàkovà D, Coy S, MacRae CA. Human cardiomyopathy mutations induce myocyte hyperplasia and activate hypertrophic pathways during cardiogenesis in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:400-10. [PMID: 21245263 PMCID: PMC3097461 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the effects during cardiac development of mutations that cause human cardiomyopathy, we modeled a sarcomeric gene mutation in the embryonic zebrafish. We designed morpholino antisense oligonucleotides targeting the exon 13 splice donor site in the zebrafish cardiac troponin T (tnnt2) gene, in order to precisely recapitulate a human TNNT2 mutation that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). HCM is a disease characterized by myocardial hypertrophy, myocyte and myofibrillar disarray, as well as an increased risk of sudden death. Similar to humans with HCM, the morphant zebrafish embryos displayed sarcomere disarray and there was a robust induction of myocardial hypertrophic pathways. Microarray analysis uncovered a number of shared transcriptional responses between this zebrafish model and a well-characterized mouse model of HCM. However, in contrast to adult hearts, these embryonic hearts developed cardiomyocyte hyperplasia in response to this genetic perturbation. The re-creation of a human disease-causing TNNT2 splice variant demonstrates that sarcomeric mutations can alter cardiomyocyte biology at the earliest stages of heart development with distinct effects from those observed in adult hearts despite shared transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Becker
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
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15
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Han DY, Minobe E, Wang WY, Guo F, Xu JJ, Hao LY, Kameyama M. Calmodulin- and Ca2+-dependent facilitation and inactivation of the Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112:310-9. [PMID: 20197640 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09282fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-type Ca(2+) channel (Ca(V)1.2) shows clear Ca(2+)-dependent facilitation and inactivation. Here we have examined the effects of calmodulin (CaM) and Ca(2+) on Ca(2+) channel in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes in the inside-out patch mode, where rundown of the channels was controlled. At a free [Ca(2+)] of 0.1 microM, CaM (0.15, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 3.5, and 7.0 microM) + ATP (2.4 mM) induced channel activities of 27%, 98%, 142%, 222%, 65%, and 20% relative to the control activity, respectively, showing a bell-shaped relationship. Similar results were observed at a free [Ca(2+)] <0.01 microM or with a Ca(2+)-insensitive mutant, CaM(1234), suggesting that apoCaM may induce facilitation and inactivation of the channel activity. The bell-shaped curve of CaM was shifted to the lower concentration side with increasing [Ca(2+)]. A simple model for CaM- and Ca(2+)-dependent modulations of the channel activity, which involves two CaM-binding sites, was proposed. We suggest that both apoCaM and Ca(2+)/CaM can induce facilitation and inactivation of Ca(V)1.2 Ca(2+) channels and that the basic role of Ca(2+) is to accelerate CaM-dependent facilitation and inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Hao LY, Wang WY, Minobe E, Han DY, Xu JJ, Kameyama A, Kameyama M. The distinct roles of calmodulin and calmodulin kinase II in the reversal of run-down of L-type Ca(2+) channels in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 111:416-25. [PMID: 20019447 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09094fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the roles of calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) and calmodulin (CaM) in the reversal of run-down of L-type Ca(2+) channels. Single Ca(2+)-channel activities in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes were recorded using the patch-clamp technique, and run-down of the channel activities was induced by inside-out patch formation in the basic internal solution. At 1 min after patch excision, 1 - 30 muM CaMKII mutant T286D (CaMKIIT286D), a constitutively active type of CaMKII, induced the Ca(2+)-channel activities to only 2% - 10% of that recorded in the cell-attached mode. However, in the presence of CaMKIIT286D, the time-dependent attenuation of CaM's effects in the reversal of run-down was abolished. A GST-fusion protein containing amino acids 1509 - 1789 of the C-terminal region of guinea-pig Cav1.2 (CT1) was prepared. In pull-down assays, CT1 treated with CaMKIIT286D showed a higher affinity for CaM compared with CT1 treated with phosphatase. We propose a model in which CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of the channels regulates the binding of CaM to the channels in the reversal of run-down of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacological Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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17
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Both N- and C-lobes of calmodulin are required for Ca2+-dependent regulations of CaV1.2 Ca2+ channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 391:1170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Pearl JM, Plank DM, McLean KM, Wagner CJ, Duffy JY. Glucocorticoids improve calcium cycling in cardiac myocytes after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Surg Res 2009; 167:279-86. [PMID: 19726057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids can reduce myocardial dysfunction associated with ischemia and reperfusion injury following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and circulatory arrest. The hypothesis was that maintenance of cardiac function after CPB with methylprednisolone therapy results, in part, from preservation of myocyte calcium cycling. METHODS Piglets (5-7 kg) underwent CPB and 120 min of hypothermic circulatory arrest with (CPB-GC) or without (CPB) methylprednisolone (30 mgkg(-1)) administered 6h before and at CPB. Controls (No-CPB) did not undergo CPB or receive glucocorticoids (n=6 per treatment). Myocardial function was monitored in vivo for 120 min after CPB. Calcium cycling was analyzed using rapid line-scan confocal microscopy in isolated, fluo-3-AM-loaded cardiac myocytes. Phospholamban phosphorylation and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA2a) protein levels were determined by immunoblotting of myocardium collected 120 min after CPB. Calpain activation in myocardium was measured by fluorometric assay. RESULTS Preload recruitable stroke work in vivo 120 min after reperfusion decreased from baseline in CPB (47.4±12 versus 26.4±8.3 slope of the regression line, P<0.05), but was not different in CPB-GC (41±8.1 versus 37.6±2.2, P=0.7). In myocytes isolated from piglets, total calcium transient time remained unaltered in CPB-GC (368±52.5 ms) compared with controls (434.5±35.3 ms; P=0.07), but was prolonged in CPB myocytes (632±83.4 ms; P<0.01). Calcium transient amplitude was blunted in myocytes from CPB (757±168 nM) compared with controls (1127±126 nM, P<0.05) but was maintained in CPB-GC (1021±155 nM, P>0.05). Activation of calpain after CPB was reduced with glucocorticoids. Phospholamban phosphorylation and SERCA2a protein levels in myocardium were decreased in CPB compared with No-CPB and CPB-GC (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The glucocorticoid-mediated improvement in myocardial function after CPB might be due, in part, to prevention of calpain activation and maintenance of cardiac myocyte calcium cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Pearl
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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19
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Hao LY, Xu JJ, Minobe E, Kameyama A, Kameyama M. Calmodulin kinase II activation is required for the maintenance of basal activity of L-type Ca2+ channels in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 108:290-300. [PMID: 19023178 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08101fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the maintenance of basal activity and the reversion of run-down of L-type Ca2+ channels were studied in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes by the patch-clamp technique. In the cell-attached configuration, the Ca2+-channel activity was inhibited to 82% - 26% by 1-10 microM KN-93 and to 92% - 66% by 0.1-1 microM autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP) myristoylated. In the inside-out configuration, the bovine cardiac cytoplasm recovered Ca2+-channel activity to 87% of that recorded in the cell-attached configuration, while the CaMKII inhibitor 281-301 at 10 microM reduced the recovery effect to 19%. CaM + ATP recovered the channel activity to 93% and 28% of that recorded in the cell-attached configuration when applied at 1 and 5 min after run-down, respectively, showing a time-dependent attenuation. However, in the presence of 0.33 microM CaMKII, this attenuation was abolished, showing 85% and 75% recovery when applied at 1 and 5 min after run-down, respectively. This recovery effect was suppressed by 10 microM AIP, applied at 5 min, but not at 1 min after run-down. We concluded that CaMKII activation is required in the maintenance of basal activity of L-type Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacological Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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20
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Zhou H, Hickford JGH. Allelic polymorphism of the caprine calpastatin (CAST) gene identified by PCR-SSCP. Meat Sci 2008; 79:403-5. [PMID: 22062769 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin (CAST) specifically inhibits calpains and there is evidence that it plays a role in meat tenderization and myogenesis. Although the CAST gene has been extensively investigated in sheep and cattle, no studies have been reported in goats. In this study, a fragment of caprine CAST was analyzed using PCR-SSCP analysis. Seven novel SSCP patterns, representing seven different nucleotide sequences, were identified. All the sequences shared high homology with the published ovine and bovine CAST sequences. Sequence analysis revealed non-synonymous amino acid variation in exon 6, which would result in a Ser/Arg substitution in domain L of the protein. Considerable variation was detected in an intron region close to the acceptor splice site, with both sequence variation and length variation being observed in this region. Variation detected here might have an impact on both the function and expression of caprine CAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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21
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Calpastatin binds to a calmodulin-binding site of cardiac Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:372-7. [PMID: 17950697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin is an endogenous inhibitor of calpain and composed of domain L (CS(L)), which interacts with the Cav1.2 channels, and four repetitive calpain inhibitory domains. We have previously found that CS(L) reprimes activity of the Cav1.2 channels in cell-free patches of cardiac myocytes [L.Y. Hao, A. Kameyama, S. Kuroki, J. Takano, E. Takano, M. Maki, M. Kameyama, Calpastatin domain L is involved in the regulation L-type of Ca2+ channels in guinea pig cardiac myocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 279 (2000) 756-761; E. Minobe, L.Y. Hao, Z.A. Saud, J.J. Xu, A. Kameyama, M. Maki, K.K. Jewell, T. Parr, R.G. Bardsley, M. Kameyama, A region of calpastatin domain L that reprimes cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 348 (2006) 288-294]. In this study, we explored the CS(L) interaction site in the Ca2+ channel by the pull-down method, using glutathione-S-transferase-fused fragment peptides of the Cav1.2 channel. CS(L) bound directly to a proximal region of the C-terminal tail of the channel, but not with the N-terminal tail, a distal region of the C-terminal tail or cytoplasmic loops between repeats I-II, II-III or III-IV. Furthermore IQ domain, but not EF-hand-like region or CB domain, in the C-terminal tail was found to bind with CS(L) in a partially Ca2+-dependent manner and in a probably competitive manner with calmodulin. These results suggest that CS(L) modulates Ca2+-channel activity through interacting with the calmodulin-binding site on the C-terminal tail of the Cav1.2 channel.
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22
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Zhou H, Hickford JGH, Gong H. Polymorphism of the ovine calpastatin gene. Mol Cell Probes 2007; 21:242-4. [PMID: 17157475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin is a specific inhibitor of calpains and has been implicated in the regulation of beef tenderization. Variation in the ovine calpastatin gene (CAST) was investigated by amplification of a fragment containing the entire exon 6 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing. Five novel SSCP patterns, representing five different sequences, were identified. Either one or two different sequences were detected in individual sheep and all the sequences identified shared high homology to the published ovine and bovine CAST sequences, suggesting that these sequences represent allelic variants of the ovine CAST gene. Sequence analysis revealed a non-synonymous amino acid variation in exon 6, which would result in a Gln/Leu substitution in Domain L of the mature protein. Considerable variation was detected in an intron region close to the acceptor splice site, with both sequence variation and length variation being observed in this region. Variation detected here might have an impact on both the function and expression of ovine calpastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Cell Biology Group, Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.
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23
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Mellgren RL, Zhang W, Miyake K, McNeil PL. Calpain is required for the rapid, calcium-dependent repair of wounded plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2567-75. [PMID: 17121849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604560200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells require extracellular calcium ion to undergo rapid plasma membrane repair seconds after mechanical damage. Utilizing transformed fibroblasts from calpain small subunit knock-out (Capns1-/-) mouse embryos, we now show that the heterodimeric, typical subclass of calpains is required for calcium-mediated survival after plasma membrane damage caused by scraping a cell monolayer. Survival of scrape-damaged Capns1-/- cells was unaffected by calcium in the scraping medium, whereas more Capns1+/+ cells survived when calcium was present. Calcium-mediated survival was increased when Capns1-/- cells were scraped in the presence of purified m- or mu-calpain. Survival rates of scraped Capns1+/+, HFL-1, or Chinese hamster ovary cells were decreased by the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, or the highly specific calpain inhibitor protein, calpastatin. Capns1-/- cells failed to reseal following laser-induced membrane disruption, demonstrating that their decreased survival after scraping resulted, at least in part, from failed membrane repair. Proteomic and immunologic analyses demonstrated that the known calpain substrates talin and vimentin were exposed at the cell surface and processed by calpain following cell scraping. Autoproteolytic activation of calpain at the scrape site was evident at the earliest time point analyzed and appeared to precede proteolysis of talin and vimentin. The results indicate that conventional calpains are required for calcium-facilitated survival after plasma membrane damage and may act by localized remodeling of the cortical cytoskeleton at the injury site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Mellgren
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA.
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Minobe E, Hao LY, Saud ZA, Xu JJ, Kameyama A, Maki M, Jewell KK, Parr T, Bardsley RG, Kameyama M. A region of calpastatin domain L that reprimes cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:288-94. [PMID: 16876115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor of calpain, is composed of domain L and four repetitive homologous domains 1-4. Domains 1-4 inhibit calpain, whereas domain L partially reprimes L-type Ca2+ channels for voltage-gated activation. In the present study, the effects on Ca2+ channel activity of four isoforms and a series of fragments of calpastatin domain L were investigated in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes with the patch-clamp method. With one exception, all the isoforms and fragment peptides that contained amino acid residues 54-64 of domain L reprimed the Ca2+ channels to comparable levels (9-15% of control activity) to those observed previously with a full-length form of calpastatin. These results suggest that the region containing amino acid residues 54-64 (EGKPKEHTEPK) is responsible for the Ca2+ channel repriming function of calpastatin domain L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Minobe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Calpains, the cytoplasmic Ca2+-activated regulatory proteases, have no simple and clearly definable cleavage site specificity, which is in sharp contrast to digestive (e.g., pancreatic) proteases. For calpains, an approximate 10-aa segment having a variety of sequences and spanning the scissile bond, governs proteolytic cleavage. This permissivity is a precondition for calpains to act on several different substrate proteins in the cell. The specificity of calpain action may be ensured by anchoring/targeting proteins. Intriguingly, the established endogenous inhibitor protein, calpastatin, might also serve as a storage site. Furthermore, specificity may be encoded in the 'goodness' of the undecapeptide sequence in substrate proteins. Novel approaches are needed to reveal how calpains find their substrates in cells at the proper time and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Friedrich
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HU-P.O. Box 7, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary.
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26
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Krzecio E, Kurył J, Koćwin-Podsiadła M, Monin G. Association of calpastatin (CAST/MspI) polymorphism with meat quality parameters of fatteners and its interaction with RYR1 genotypes. J Anim Breed Genet 2005; 122:251-8. [PMID: 16060492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2005.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of polymorphism of calpastatin (CAST) and RYR1 genes for some meat quality traits taking into consideration the group of meatiness and their mutual interactions. Investigations were carried out on a group of 201 fatteners which were crosses of four breeds. The results obtained show that CAST/MspI genotype has an effect close to the major effect for drip loss from LL muscle tissue at 48 h as well as at 96 h postmortem (0.92 and 0.96 SD respectively). Among the meat quality traits analysed and that were affected by CAST/MspI genotype, the animals with BB genotype at this locus were characterized by the most profitable values of all these traits. Significant interactions between CAST and RYR1 genotypes observed indicate that the quality of meat influenced by RYR1 genotype may be modified by the simultaneous influence of genotype as regards the CAST locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Krzecio
- University of Podlasie, Chair of Pig Breeding and Meat Science, 08-110 Siedlce, 14 Prusa Str., Poland
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27
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Carrillo E, Galindo JM, García MC, Sánchez JA. Regulation of muscle Cav1.1 channels by long-term depolarization involves proteolysis of the alpha1s subunit. J Membr Biol 2005; 199:155-61. [PMID: 15457372 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-004-0683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2003] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of long-term depolarization on frog skeletal muscle Cav1.1 channels were assessed. Voltage-clamp and Western-blot experiments revealed that long-term depolarization brings about a drastic reduction in the amplitude of currents flowing through Cav1.1 channels and in the levels of the alpha1s subunit, the main subunit of muscle L-type channels. The decline of both phenomena was prevented by the action of the protease inhibitors E64 (50 microM) and leupeptin (50 microM). In contrast, long-term depolarization had no effect on beta1, the auxiliary subunit of alpha1s. The levels of mRNAs coding the alpha1s and the beta1 subunits were measured by RNase protection assays. Neither the content of the alpha1s nor the beta1 subunit mRNAs were affected by long-term depolarization, indicating that the synthesis of Cav1.1 channels remained unaffected. Taken together, our experiments suggest that the reduction in the amplitude of membrane currents and in the alpha1s subunit levels is caused by increased degradation of this subunit by a Ca2+-dependent protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carrillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav, A.P.14-740, 07300, México, D.F
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28
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Duffy JY, Schwartz SM, Lyons JM, Bell JH, Wagner CJ, Zingarelli B, Pearl JM. Calpain inhibition decreases endothelin-1 levels and pulmonary hypertension after cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest*. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:623-8. [PMID: 15753756 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000156243.44845.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children can result in cardiopulmonary dysfunction through ischemia and reperfusion injury. Pulmonary hypertension and injury are particularly common and morbid complications of neonatal cardiac surgery. Inhibition of calpain, a cysteine protease, has been shown to inhibit reperfusion injury in adult organ systems. The hypothesis is that calpain inhibition can alleviate the cardiopulmonary dysfunction seen in immature animals following ischemia and reperfusion with cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN Animal case study. SETTING Medical laboratory. SUBJECTS Crossbred piglets (5-7 kg). INTERVENTIONS Piglets were cooled with cardiopulmonary bypass to 18 degrees C followed by deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for 120 mins. Animals were rewarmed to 38 degrees C on cardiopulmonary bypass and maintained for 120 mins. Six animals were administered calpain inhibitor (Z-Leu-Leu-Tyr-fluoromethyl ketone; 1 mg/kg, intravenously) 60 mins before cardiopulmonary bypass. Nine animals were administered saline as a control. Plasma endothelin-1, pulmonary and hemodynamic function, and markers of leukocyte activity and injury were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Calpain inhibition prevented the increased pulmonary vascular resistance seen in control animals (95.7 +/- 39.4 vs. 325.3 +/- 83.6 dyne.sec/cm, respectively, 120 mins after cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, p = .05). The attenuation in pulmonary vascular resistance was associated with a blunted plasma endothelin-1 response (4.91 +/- 1.72 pg/mL with calpain inhibition vs. 10.66 +/- 6.21 pg/mL in controls, p < .05). Pulmonary function after cardiopulmonary bypass was better maintained after calpain inhibition compared with controls: Po2/Fio2 ratio (507.2 +/- 46.5 vs. 344.7 +/- 140.5, respectively, p < .05) and alveolar-arterial gradient (40.0 +/- 17.2 vs. 128.1 +/- 85.2 mm Hg, respectively, p < .05). Systemic oxygen delivery was higher after calpain inhibition compared with controls (759 +/- 171 vs. 277 +/- 46 mL/min, respectively, p < .001). In addition, endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in lung tissue was maintained with calpain inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in plasma endothelin-1 and maintenance of lung endothelial nitric oxide levels after cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with calpain inhibition were associated with reduced pulmonary vascular resistance. Improved gas exchange and higher systemic oxygen delivery suggest that calpain inhibition may be advantageous for reducing postoperative cardiopulmonary dysfunction commonly associated with pediatric heart surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Y Duffy
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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29
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Xu JJ, Hao LY, Kameyama A, Kameyama M. Calmodulin reverses rundown of L-type Ca(2+) channels in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 287:C1717-24. [PMID: 15525689 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00105.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is implicated in regulation of Ca(2+) channels as a Ca(2+) sensor. The effect of CaM on rundown of L-type Ca(2+) channels in inside-out patch form was investigated in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Ca(2+) channel activity disappeared within 1-3 min and did not reappear when the patch was excised and exposed to an artificial intracellular solution. However, application of CaM (0.03, 0.3, 3 microM) + 3 mM ATP to the intracellular solution within 1 min after patch excision resulted in dose-dependent activation of channel activity. Channel activity averaged 11.2%, 94.7%, and 292.9%, respectively, of that in cell-attached mode. Channel activity in inside-out patch mode was induced by CaM + ATP at nanomolar Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]); however, increase to micromolar [Ca(2+)] rapidly inactivated the channel activity induced, revealing that the effect of CaM on the channel was Ca(2+) dependent. At the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th minutes after patch excision, CaM (0.75 microM) + ATP induced Ca(2+) channel activity to 150%, 100%, 96.9%, 29.3%, and 16.6%, respectively, revealing a time-dependent action of CaM on the channel. CaM added with adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP) also induced channel activity, although with much lower potency and shorter duration. Protein kinase inhibitors KN-62, CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II 281-309, autocamtide-related CaMKII inhibitor peptide, and K252a (each 1-10 microM) did not block the effect of CaM, indicating that the effect of CaM on the Ca(2+) channel was phosphorylation independent. Neither CaM nor ATP alone induced Ca(2+) channel activity, showing a cooperative effect of CaM and ATP on the Ca(2+) channel. These results suggest that CaM is a crucial regulatory factor of Ca(2+) channel basal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Ciobanu DC, Bastiaansen JWM, Lonergan SM, Thomsen H, Dekkers JCM, Plastow GS, Rothschild MF. New alleles in calpastatin gene are associated with meat quality traits in pigs. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:2829-39. [PMID: 15484933 DOI: 10.2527/2004.82102829x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suggestive QTL affecting raw firmness scores and average Instron force, tenderness, juiciness, and chewiness on cooked meat were mapped to pig chromosome 2 using a three-generation intercross between Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs. Based on its function and location, the calpastatin (CAST) gene was considered to be a good candidate for the observed effects. Several missense and silent mutations were identified in CAST and haplotypes covering most of the coding region were constructed and used for association analyses with meat quality traits. Results demonstrated that one CAST haplotype was significantly associated with lower Instron force and cooking loss and higher juiciness and, therefore, this haplotype is associated with higher eating quality. Some of the sequence variation identified may be associated with differences in phosphorylation of CAST by adenosine cyclic 3', 5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and may in turn explain the meat quality phenotypic differences. The beneficial haplotype was present in all the commercial breeds tested and may provide significant improvements for the pig industry and consumers because it can be used in marker-assisted selection to produce naturally tender and juicy pork without additional processing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ciobanu
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
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Yamaoka K, Kameyama M. Regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in the heart: overview of recent advances. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 253:3-13. [PMID: 14619950 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026036931170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels is complex, because many factors, such as phosphorylation, divalent cations, and proteins, specified or unspecified, have been shown to affect the channel activities. An additional complication is that these factors interact with one another to achieve final outcomes. Recent molecular technologies have helped to shed light on the mechanisms governing the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels. In this review article, three major topics concerning regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in the heart are discussed, i.e. c-AMP dependent channel phosphorylation, role of magnesium (Mg2+), and the phenomenon of channel run-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamaoka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Mucsi Z, Hudecz F, Hollósi M, Tompa P, Friedrich P. Binding-induced folding transitions in calpastatin subdomains A and C. Protein Sci 2004; 12:2327-36. [PMID: 14500891 PMCID: PMC2366912 DOI: 10.1110/ps.03138803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin, the endogenous inhibitor of calpain, is an intrinsically unstructured protein proposed to undergo folding transitions upon binding to the enzyme. As this feature has never been experimentally tested, we have set out to characterize the conformation of two peptides corresponding to its conserved subdomains, A and C, known to interact with calpain in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. The peptides are disordered in water but show a high propensity for alpha-helical conformation in the presence of trifluoroethanol. The conformational transition is sensitive to Ca(2+), and is clearly seen upon binding of the peptides to the enzyme. Secondary-structure prediction of all calpastatin sequences shows that the helix-forming potential within these regions is a conserved feature of the inhibitor. Furthermore, quantitative data on the binding strength of calpastatin fragments reveal that binding of the inhibitor is accompanied by a large decrease in its configurational entropy. Taken together, these observations point to significant binding-induced local folding transitions in calpastatin, in a way that ensures highly specific, yet reversible, action of the inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Mucsi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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33
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Koćwin-Podsiadła M, Kurył J, Krzȩcio E, Zybert A, Przybylski W. The interaction between calpastatin and RYR1 genes for some pork quality traits. Meat Sci 2003; 65:731-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2002] [Revised: 10/03/2002] [Accepted: 10/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Helman EE, Huff-Lonergan E, Davenport GM, Lonergan SM. Effect of dietary protein on calpastatin in canine skeletal muscle. J Anim Sci 2003; 81:2199-205. [PMID: 12968694 DOI: 10.2527/2003.8192199x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cysteine proteinases, mu- and m-calpain, along with their inhibitor, calpastatin, have been hypothesized to play a role in skeletal muscle protein degradation. Because nutrition has previously been shown to influence the expression of calpastatin, the working hypothesis of this study was that the quantity and source of dietary protein could influence regulation of the calpain system in muscle. The objectives to support this hypothesis were to determine the effects of dietary protein (amount and source) on the expression of calpastatin in canine skeletal muscle. This study comprised eight diets with seven dogs per diet. A biopsy was taken from the biceps femoris of all 56 dogs before and after 10 wk on their respective diets. This experimental design allowed examination of change within individual dogs. Diets 1 to 4 contained 12% total protein derived from chicken and/or corn gluten meal in ratios of 100:0, 67:33, 33:67, and 0:100%, respectively. Diets 5 to 8 contained 28% total protein with protein sources and ratios identical to Diets 1 to 4. Differences in calpastatin were examined qualitatively using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, and semiquantitatively with densitometric analyses. The majority of the calpastatin blots showed three distinct calpastatin bands, the uppermost appearing at approximately 110 kDa. Diet 5 (28% CP, 100% chicken) resulted in an increase in the expression of the 110-kDa calpastatin band compared with the other two lower molecular weight bands in the same samples. Muscle from dogs fed Diet 5 showed greater increase in (P < 0.05) calpastatin intensity of the topmost band than those fed Diet 8 (0:100; chicken:corn gluten meal). Diet 5 (100:0; chicken:corn gluten meal) showed greater total calpastatin intensity than Diet 8 (0:100; chicken:corn gluten meal). These data suggest that dogs fed a diet containing a higher total percentage of chicken protein may have a greater potential to regulate calpain-mediated degradation of muscle protein than dogs fed diets containing corn gluten meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Helman
- Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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35
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Abstract
The abundance of mRNAs transcribed from human genes of the calpain superfamily was studied in 72 human tissues and cell types by the Human Multiple Tissue Expression (MTE) Array technique. The analysis included the large subunits of mu- and m-calpains, the small subunits, calpastatin and calpain 3 (p94). Besides specific data on transcriptional activity, two major conclusions emerged: (i) 'ubiquitous' calpains are not expressed in all cell types, and (ii) a 'tissue-specific' calpain may be expressed in many cell types apart from the one in which it is particularly abundant. Therefore, the categoric classification of 'ubiquitous' vs. 'tissue-specific' calpains is a simplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Farkas
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 7, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary
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Betts R, Weinsheimer S, Blouse GE, Anagli J. Structural determinants of the calpain inhibitory activity of calpastatin peptide B27-WT. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:7800-9. [PMID: 12500971 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208350200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpastatin is the natural specific inhibitor of calpain. Recent research has linked uncontrolled calpain activation to tissue damage after neuronal and cardiac ischemias, traumatic spine and brain injuries, as well as Alzheimer's disease and cataract formation. An imbalance between the activities of calpain and calpastatin is believed to be responsible for the pathological role of calpain. An important key to understanding calpain regulation by calpastatin is to determine, at the molecular level, how calpastatin interacts with calpain to inhibit its enzymatic activity. A 27-residue peptide (DPMSSTYIEELGKREVTIPPKYRELLA) derived from subdomain 1B of the repetitive domains of calpain, named peptide B27-WT, was previously shown to be a potent inhibitor of mu- and m-calpain. In this report, a combination of beta-alanine scanning mutagenesis and kinetic measurements was used to probe, in a quantitative, systematic, and simultaneous fashion, the relative contribution of the amino acid side chain and backbone functionalities to the overall calpain-inhibitory activity of B27-WT. The study identified two "hot spots," Leu(11)-Gly(12) and Thr(17)-Ile(18)-Pro(19), in B27-WT within which the residues critical for inhibitory function are clustered. Mutation of any one of the key residues in either of the two hot spots resulted in a dramatic loss of inhibitory activity. Furthermore, it was shown that a restricted conformation of the Leu(11)-Gly(12) and Thr(17)-Ile(18)-Pro(19) backbones is required for the peptide inhibitory function. These results suggest a plausible model in which the two hot spots are situated at or near the interface(s) of the calpain-calpastatin complex and act in a concerted fashion to inhibit calpain. The information on the specific contribution of the amide bond and side chain of each key residue to the bioactivity of B27-WT will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of calpain inhibition and lead to novel and effective therapies based on the specific inhibition of dysregulated or overactivated calpain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Betts
- Division of Biochemical Research, Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Averna M, De Tullio R, Salamino F, Minafra R, Pontremoli S, Melloni E. Age-dependent degradation of calpastatin in kidney of hypertensive rats. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:38426-32. [PMID: 11485997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101936200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive rats from the Milan strain show a significant decrease in calpastatin activity as compared with normotensive control animals. Calpastatin deficiency is age-related and highly relevant in kidney, heart, and erythrocytes and of minor entity in brain tissue. In normotensives the changes during aging in the levels of calpastatin activity and mRNA are consistent with an increase of calpastatin protein. In hypertensive rats such a relationship during aging is not observed, because a progressive accumulation of mRNA is accompanied by a lower amount of calpastatin protein as compared with control rats. Together with the low level of calpastatin in kidney of hypertensive rats, a progressive accumulation of an active 15-kDa calpastatin fragment, previously shown to represent a typical product of calpain-mediated calpastatin degradation, is also observed. Evidence for such intracellular proteolysis by Ca(2+)-activated calpain is provided by the normalization of the calpastatin level, up to that of control animals, in hypertensive rats treated with drugs known to reduce both blood pressure and intracellular Ca(2+) influx. Further evidence is provided by the disappearance, in these conditions, of the 15-kDa calpastatin fragment. These data allow the conclusion that calpastatin degradation is a relevant part of the overall mechanism for regulating calpain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 1-16132 Genoa, Italy
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