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Quality control of glycoprotein folding and ERAD: the role of N-glycan handling, EDEM1 and OS-9. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:269-284. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Watanabe S, Kakudo A, Ohta M, Mita K, Fujiyama K, Inumaru S. Molecular cloning and characterization of the α-glucosidase II from Bombyx mori and Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:319-327. [PMID: 23376632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The α-glucosidase II (GII) is a heterodimer of α- and β-subunits and important for N-glycosylation processing and quality control of nascent glycoproteins. Although high concentration of α-glucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves accumulate in silkworms (Bombyx mori) by feeding, silkworm does not show any toxic symptom against these inhibitors and N-glycosylation of recombinant proteins is not affected. We, therefore, hypothesized that silkworm GII is not sensitive to the α-glucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves. However, the genes for B. mori GII subunits have not yet been identified, and the protein has not been characterized. Therefore, we isolated the B. mori GII α- and β-subunit genes and the GII α-subunit gene of Spodoptera frugiperda, which does not feed on mulberry leaves. We used a baculovirus expression system to produce the recombinant GII subunits and identified their enzyme characteristics. The recombinant GII α-subunits of B. mori and S. frugiperda hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-αGlc) but were inactive toward N-glycan. Although the B. mori GII β-subunit was not required for the hydrolysis of pNP-αGlc, a B. mori GII complex of the α- and β-subunits was required for N-glycan cleavage. As hypothesized, the B. mori GII α-subunit protein was less sensitive to α-glucosidase inhibitors than was the S. frugiperda GII α-subunit protein. Our observations suggest that the low sensitivity of GII contributes to the ability of B. mori to evade the toxic effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Watanabe
- Life Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Roth J, Zuber C, Park S, Jang I, Lee Y, Kysela KG, Le Fourn V, Santimaria R, Guhl B, Cho JW. Protein N-glycosylation, protein folding, and protein quality control. Mol Cells 2010; 30:497-506. [PMID: 21340671 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control of protein folding represents a fundamental cellular activity. Early steps of protein N-glycosylation involving the removal of three glucose and some specific mannose residues in the endoplasmic reticulum have been recognized as being of importance for protein quality control. Specific oligosaccharide structures resulting from the oligosaccharide processing may represent a glycocode promoting productive protein folding, whereas others may represent glyco-codes for routing not correctly folded proteins for dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol and subsequent degradation. Although quality control of protein folding is essential for the proper functioning of cells, it is also the basis for protein folding disorders since the recognition and elimination of non-native conformers can result either in loss-of-function or pathological-gain-of-function. The machinery for protein folding control represents a prime example of an intricate interactome present in a single organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, current views of mechanisms for the recognition and retention leading to productive protein folding or the eventual elimination of misfolded glycoproteins in yeast and mammalian cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Department of Integrated OMICs for Biomedical Sciences, WCU Program of Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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Adisakwattana S, Chantarasinlapin P, Thammarat H, Yibchok-Anun S. A series of cinnamic acid derivatives and their inhibitory activity on intestinal α-glucosidase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:1194-200. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360902779326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Schetz JA, Shankar EPN. Protein expression in the Drosophila Schneider 2 cell system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 4:Unit 4.16. [PMID: 18428600 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0416s27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Schneider-2 (S2) Drosophila cell line is well suited for the stable overexpression of recombinant proteins using plasmid-based protein expression vectors. Following drug selection, a polyclonal S2 cell line can be induced to express on the order of 2 to 100 pmol/mg membrane protein for G-coupled protein receptors, 4000 to 100,000 sites/cell for other membrane receptors and 3 to 35 mg/liter for soluble and secreted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Schetz
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Roth J, Yam GHF, Fan J, Hirano K, Gaplovska-Kysela K, Le Fourn V, Guhl B, Santimaria R, Torossi T, Ziak M, Zuber C. Protein quality control: the who's who, the where's and therapeutic escapes. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 129:163-77. [PMID: 18075753 PMCID: PMC2228381 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-007-0366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In cells the quality of newly synthesized proteins is monitored in regard to proper folding and correct assembly in the early secretory pathway, the cytosol and the nucleoplasm. Proteins recognized as non-native in the ER will be removed and degraded by a process termed ERAD. ERAD of aberrant proteins is accompanied by various changes of cellular organelles and results in protein folding diseases. This review focuses on how the immunocytochemical labeling and electron microscopic analyses have helped to disclose the in situ subcellular distribution pattern of some of the key machinery proteins of the cellular protein quality control, the organelle changes due to the presence of misfolded proteins, and the efficiency of synthetic chaperones to rescue disease-causing trafficking defects of aberrant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, University Eye Centre, Mongkok, Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kiyoko Hirano
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003 Japan
| | - Katarina Gaplovska-Kysela
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Le Fourn
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Guhl
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Santimaria
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tania Torossi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ziak
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zuber
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Proteins following the secretory pathway acquire their proper tertiary and in certain cases also quaternary structures in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Incompletely folded species are retained in the ER and eventually degraded. One of the molecular mechanisms by which cells achieve this conformational sorting is based on monoglucosylated N-glycans (Glc1Man5-9GlcNAc2) present on nascent glycoproteins in the ER. This chapter discusses two of the steps that regulate the abundance of such N-glycan structures, including glycoprotein deglucosylation (by glucosidase II) and reglucosylation (by the UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase), as well as an overview of methods to evaluate the N-glycans prevalent during glycoprotein biogenesis in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sergio Trombetta
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208002, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA.
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Loseva O, Engström Y. Analysis of Signal-dependent Changes in the Proteome of Drosophila Blood Cells During an Immune Response. Mol Cell Proteomics 2004; 3:796-808. [PMID: 15148344 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m400028-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is based on the recognition of cell-surface molecules of infecting agents. Microbial substances, such as peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, and beta-1,3-glucans, produce functional responses in Drosophila hemocytes that contribute to innate immunity. We have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MS to resolve lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in the protein profile of a Drosophila hemocytic cell line. We identified 24 intracellular proteins that were up- or down-regulated, or modified, in response to immune challenge. Several proteins with predicted immune functions, including lysosomal proteases, actin-binding/remodeling proteins, as well as proteins involved in cellular responses to oxidative stress, were affected by the immune assault. Intriguingly, a number of the proteins identified in this study have recently been implicated in phagocytosis in higher vertebrates. We suggest that phagocytosis is activated in Drosophila hemocytes by the presence of microbial substances, and that this activation constitutes an evolutionarily conserved arm of innate immunity. In addition, a number of proteins involved in calcium-regulated signaling, mRNA processing, and nuclear transport were affected, consistent with a possible role in reprogramming of gene expression. In conclusion, the present proteome analysis identified many proteins previously not linked to innate immunity, demonstrating that differential protein profiling of Drosophila hemocytes is a valuable tool for identification of new players in immune-related cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Loseva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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Torre-Bouscoulet ME, López-Romero E, Balcázar-Orozco R, Calvo-Méndez C, Flores-Carreón A. Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a soluble α-glucosidase II-like activity fromCandida albicans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Roth J, Ziak M, Zuber C. The role of glucosidase II and endomannosidase in glucose trimming of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Biochimie 2003; 85:287-94. [PMID: 12770767 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(03)00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review covers various aspects of glucose trimming reactions occurring on asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Structural and functional features of two enzymes, glucosidase II and endo-alpha-mannosidase, prominently involved in this process are summarized and their striking differences in terms of substrate specificities are highlighted. Recent results of analyses by immunoelectron microscopy of their distribution pattern are presented which demonstrate that glucose trimming is not restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but additionally is a function accommodated by the Golgi apparatus. The mutually exclusive subcellular distribution of glucosidase II and endomannosidase are discussed in terms of their significance for quality control of protein folding and N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Roth J. Protein N-glycosylation along the secretory pathway: relationship to organelle topography and function, protein quality control, and cell interactions. Chem Rev 2002; 102:285-303. [PMID: 11841244 DOI: 10.1021/cr000423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Roth
- Division of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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