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Shinde AV, Kelsh R, Peters JH, Sekiguchi K, Van De Water L, McKeown-Longo PJ. The α4β1 integrin and the EDA domain of fibronectin regulate a profibrotic phenotype in dermal fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2014; 41:26-35. [PMID: 25433338 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prompt deposition of fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix is a critical feature of normal development and the host-response to injury. Fibronectin isoforms that include the EDA and EDB domains are prominent in these fibronectin matrices. We now report using human dermal fibroblast cultures that the EDA domain of fibronectin or EDA-derived peptides modeled after the C-C' loop promote stress fiber formation and myosin-light chain phosphorylation. These changes are accompanied by an increase in fibronectin synthesis and fibrillogenesis. These effects are blocked by pretreating cells with either siRNA or blocking antibody to the α4 integrin. Our data indicate that the interaction between the α4β1 integrin and the EDA domain of fibronectin helps to drive tissue fibrosis by promoting a contractile phenotype and an increase in fibronectin synthesis and deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti V Shinde
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Rhiannon Kelsh
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - John H Peters
- VA Northern California Health Care System and Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California - Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Division of Protein Chemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Livingston Van De Water
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Paula J McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States.
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Investigation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Keratinocytes as an In Vitro Research Model for Mechanical Stress Dynamic Response. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 11:460-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Propolis modulates fibronectin expression in the matrix of thermal injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:748101. [PMID: 24738072 PMCID: PMC3967494 DOI: 10.1155/2014/748101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the propolis effect on fibronectin metabolism in the course of burn wounds healing process. A model of burn wound healing of pig skin was applied. The amount of the released glycoprotein was assessed by a surface plasmon resonance. The profile of extracted fibronectin components was also assessed by an electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, with a subsequent immunodetection by Western Blotting. Propolis burn treatment decreased the release of fibronectin components from healing wounds in relation to damages treated with silver sulfadiazine. The main reason of decreased extraction of fibronectin components from wounds treated with propolis was a substantial decrease of degradation product release of the mentioned glycoprotein, which was observed particularly from the 3rd to 5th day of the repair. Wounds treatment with propolis demonstrated, especially in relation to damages treated with silver sulfadiazine, the decreased release of synthesized fibronectin molecules. The obtained results suggest that propolis modifies fibronectin metabolism in the course of wound healing process. The influence of propolis is reflected in prevention of fibronectin biosynthesis as well as its degradation in the wound area. The above-mentioned metabolic changes may decrease the risk of complications in the repair wounds process.
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Olsen AL, Sackey BK, Marcinkiewicz C, Boettiger D, Wells RG. Fibronectin extra domain-A promotes hepatic stellate cell motility but not differentiation into myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:928-937.e3. [PMID: 22202457 PMCID: PMC3321084 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Myofibroblasts are the primary cell type involved in physiologic wound healing and its pathologic counterpart, fibrosis. Cellular fibronectin that contains the alternatively spliced extra domain A (EIIIA) is up-regulated during these processes and is believed to promote myofibroblast differentiation. We sought to determine the requirement for EIIIA in fibrosis and differentiation of myofibroblasts in rodent livers. METHODS We used a mechanically tunable hydrogel cell culture system to study differentiation of primary hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts from rats into myofibroblasts. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by bile duct ligation or administration of thioacetamide. RESULTS EIIIA was not required for differentiation of rat hepatic stellate cells or portal fibroblasts into fibrogenic myofibroblasts. Instead, hepatic stellate cells cultured on EIIIA-containing cellular fibronectin formed increased numbers of lamellipodia; their random motility and chemotaxis also increased. These increases required the receptor for EIIIA, the integrin α(9)β(1). In contrast, the motility of portal fibroblasts did not increase on EIIIA, and these cells expressed little α(9)β(1). Male EIIIA(-/-) mice were modestly protected from thioacetamide-induced fibrosis, which requires motile hepatic stellate cells, but not from bile duct ligation-induced fibrosis, in which portal fibroblasts are more important. Notably, myofibroblasts developed during induction of fibrosis with either thioacetamide or bile duct ligation in EIIIA(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS EIIIA is dispensable for differentiation of hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, both in culture and in mouse models of fibrosis. Our findings, however, indicate a role for EIIIA in promoting stellate cell motility and parenchymal liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L. Olsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bridget K. Sackey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - David Boettiger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rebecca G. Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Mc Henry KT, Montesano R, Zhu S, Beshir AB, Tang HH, Yeung KC, Fenteany G. Raf kinase inhibitor protein positively regulates cell-substratum adhesion while negatively regulating cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:972-85. [PMID: 17668446 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) regulates a number of cellular processes, including cell migration. Exploring the role of RKIP in cell adhesion, we found that overexpression of RKIP in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells increases adhesion to the substratum, while decreasing adhesion of the cells to one another. The level of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin declines profoundly, and there is loss of normal localization of the tight junction protein ZO-1, while expression of the cell-substratum adhesion protein beta1 integrin dramatically increases. The cells also display increased adhesion and spreading on multiple substrata, including collagen, gelatin, fibronectin and laminin. In three-dimensional culture, RKIP overexpression leads to marked cell elongation and extension of long membrane protrusions into the surrounding matrix, and the cells do not form hollow cysts. RKIP-overexpressing cells generate considerably more contractile traction force than do control cells. In contrast, RNA interference-based silencing of RKIP expression results in decreased cell-substratum adhesion in both MDCK and MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Treatment of MDCK and MCF7 cells with locostatin, a direct inhibitor of RKIP and cell migration, also reduces cell-substratum adhesion. Silencing of RKIP expression in MCF7 cells leads to a reduction in the rate of wound closure in a scratch-wound assay, although not as pronounced as that previously reported for RKIP-knockdown MDCK cells. These results suggest that RKIP has important roles in the regulation of cell adhesion, positively controlling cell-substratum adhesion while negatively controlling cell-cell adhesion, and underscore the complex functions of RKIP in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Mc Henry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholesteatoma is a nonmalignant, destructive lesion of the temporal bone that gradually expands and causes complications by the erosion of the adjacent bony structures. The consequences can be as severe as facial paralysis and intracranial complications. Until now, surgery has been the only treatment of choice. The pathogenesis of cholesteatoma remains controversial. Current concepts postulate that cholesteatoma may be a wound-healing process, although formal proof is lacking as of yet. Several reports provide evidence for the involvement of transforming growth factor (TGF)beta in both normal and abnormal wound healing. STUDY DESIGN The expression of TGFbeta, the activated form of its intracellular effector, phosphorylated-Sma-Mad (pSmad)2, its natural inhibitor, Smad7, and target gene extra domain A-positive fibronectin (EDA-FN) were examined. METHODS Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed using an image analysis system. RESULTS In 12 cholesteatoma and control samples, protein expressions showed consistent relationships among TGFbeta, nuclear pSmad2, and Smad7. We found concordant expressions of TGFbeta and nuclear pSmad2 in cholesteatoma epithelium and its control. Epithelial Smad7 expression was significantly reduced in cholesteatoma when compared with control epithelium (P = .04). In cholesteatoma extracellular matrix (ECM), a significantly increased TGFbeta, and nuclear pSmad2 was demonstrated (P < .01). Smad7 expression in the ECM was comparable in cholesteatoma and its control. EDA-FN deposition in cholesteatoma ECM was excessive, whereas EDA-FN expression was absent in controls. CONCLUSION Our results confirm reports of in vitro experiments and support the concept that cholesteatoma behaves as a chronic wound healing process.
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Eyden B. The myofibroblast: phenotypic characterization as a prerequisite to understanding its functions in translational medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 12:22-37. [PMID: 18182061 PMCID: PMC3823470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phrase ‘translational research’conveys the idea of the pursuit of applications for the treatment of human disease.The myofibroblast, long known for having a role in wound-healing, and for its presence in fibrotic conditions and tumour stroma, is becoming a focus for translational research, not least through its increasingly documented role as a tumour-promoting cell.In fibroproliferative conditions, cancer and tissue engineering, the myofibroblast, derived partly and possibly from circulating bone-marrow-derived cells and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, is attracting great attention.In cancer, this cell was initially regarded as a barrier to tumour dissemination, but there is now a growing body of evidence to indicate that it is an active participant in tumour progression.While the involvement of the myofibroblast in these pathological processes is pushing the myofibroblast into the limelight of translational medicine as a target for potential anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer therapy, there are still numerous indications from the literature that the myofibroblast is a poorly understood cell in terms of its differentiation.Partly, this is due to a failure to appreciate the contribution of electron microscopy to understanding the nature of this cell.This paper, therefore, is devoted to detailing the principal phenotypic characteristics of the myofibroblast and promotes the argument that understanding how the myofibroblast carries out its roles in normal biological and in pathological processes will be enhanced by a sound understanding of its cellular differentiation, which in turn arguably demands a significant ultrastructural input.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eyden
- Department of Histopathology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Muro AF, Moretti FA, Moore BB, Yan M, Atrasz RG, Wilke CA, Flaherty KR, Martinez FJ, Tsui JL, Sheppard D, Baralle FE, Toews GB, White ES. An essential role for fibronectin extra type III domain A in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 177:638-45. [PMID: 18096707 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200708-1291oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Tissue fibrosis is considered a dysregulated wound-healing response. Fibronectin containing extra type III domain A (EDA) is implicated in the regulation of wound healing. EDA-containing fibronectin is deposited during wound repair, and its presence precedes that of collagen. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of EDA-containing fibronectin in lung fibrogenesis. METHODS Primary lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or from patients undergoing resection for lung cancer were assessed for EDA-containing fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression. Mice lacking the EDA domain of fibronectin and their wild-type littermates were challenged with the bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. Primary lung fibroblasts from these mice were assayed in vitro to determine the contribution of EDA-containing fibronectin to fibroblast phenotypes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung fibroblasts produced markedly more EDA-containing fibronectin and alpha-SMA than control fibroblasts. EDA-null mice failed to develop significant fibrosis 21 days after bleomycin challenge, whereas wild-type controls developed the expected increase in total lung collagen. Histologic analysis of EDA-null lungs after bleomycin showed less collagen and fewer alpha-SMA-expressing myofibroblasts compared with that observed in wild-type mice. Failure to develop lung fibrosis in EDA-null mice correlated with diminished activation of latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and decreased lung fibroblast responsiveness to active TGF-beta in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The data show that EDA-containing fibronectin is essential for the fibrotic resolution of lung injury through TGF-beta activation and responsiveness, and suggest that EDA-containing fibronectin plays a critical role in tissue fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Muro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III/0642, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA
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Wandall HH, Dabelsteen S, Sørensen JA, Krogdahl A, Mandel U, Dabelsteen E. Molecular basis for the presence of glycosylated onco-foetal fibronectin in oral carcinomas: the production of glycosylated onco-foetal fibronectin by carcinoma cells. Oral Oncol 2006; 43:301-9. [PMID: 16857413 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylated onco-foetal fibronectin (GOF) deposited in the stroma of oral squamous cell carcinomas correlates with survival. One of the two polypeptide GalNAc-transferases, GalNAc-T3 or GalNAc-T6, is required for the biosynthesis of GOF by the initiation of a unique O-glycan in the alternative spliced IIICS region. Using cell culture experiments, immunohistochemical staining of primary tissue, and RT-PCR of tumour cells isolated by laser capture techniques we have examined the molecular basis for the production of GOF in oral carcinomas. Immuno-histochemical investigation confirmed the stromal deposition of GOF in oral carcinomas. However, neither GalNAc-T3 nor GalNAc-T6 could be detected in stromal fibroblasts. In contrast both transferases were present in the oral squamous carcinoma cells, suggesting that GOF is produced by the oral cancer cells and not only the stromal cells. RT-PCR analysis of RNA isolated from carcinoma cells provided further support for this conclusion by demonstrating in-splicing of the alternative spliced IIICS domain in GOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Wandall
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Larsen K, Malmström J, Wildt M, Dahlqvist C, Hansson L, Marko-Varga G, Bjermer L, Scheja A, Westergren-Thorsson G. Functional and phenotypical comparison of myofibroblasts derived from biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage in mild asthma and scleroderma. Respir Res 2006; 7:11. [PMID: 16430780 PMCID: PMC1386661 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated fibroblasts, which have previously been obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), are proposed to be important cells in the fibrotic processes of asthma and scleroderma (SSc). We have studied the motility for BALF derived fibroblasts in patients with SSc that may explain the presence of these cells in the airway lumen. Furthermore, we have compared phenotypic alterations in activated fibroblasts from BALF and bronchial biopsies from patients with mild asthma and SSc that may account for the distinct fibrotic responses. Methods Fibroblasts were cultured from BALF and bronchial biopsies from patients with mild asthma and SSc. The motility was studied using a cell migration assay. Western Blotting was used to study the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), ED-A fibronectin, and serine arginine splicing factor 20 (SRp20). The protein expression pattern was analyzed to reveal potential biomarkers using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and sequencing dual matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF). The Mann-Whitney method was used to calculate statistical significance. Results Increased migration and levels of ED-A fibronectin were observed in BALF fibroblasts from both groups of patients, supported by increased expression of RhoA, Rac1, and the splicing factor SRp20. However, these observations were exclusively accompanied by increased expression of α-SMA in patients with mild asthma. Compared to BALF fibroblasts in mild asthma, fibroblasts in SSc displayed a differential protein expression pattern of cytoskeletal- and scavenger proteins. These identified proteins facilitate cell migration, oxidative stress, and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix observed in patients with SSc. Conclusion This study demonstrates a possible origin for fibroblasts in the airway lumen in patients with SSc and important differences between fibroblast phenotypes in mild asthma and SSc. The findings may explain the distinct fibrotic processes and highlight the motile BALF fibroblast as a potential target cell in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Larsen
- Experimental Medical Science, Division of Vascular and Airway Research, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Experimental Medical Science, Division of Vascular and Airway Research, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marie Wildt
- Experimental Medical Science, Division of Vascular and Airway Research, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla Dahlqvist
- Experimental Medical Science, Division of Vascular and Airway Research, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hansson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Agneta Scheja
- Department of Rheumatology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson
- Experimental Medical Science, Division of Vascular and Airway Research, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Széll M, Bata-Csörgo Z, Koreck A, Pivarcsi A, Polyánka H, Szeg C, Gaál M, Dobozy A, Kemény L. Proliferating keratinocytes are putative sources of the psoriasis susceptibility-related EDA+ (extra domain A of fibronectin) oncofetal fibronectin. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123:537-46. [PMID: 15304094 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extra domain A of fibronectin (EDA+ oncofetal isoform of fibronectin was recently reported to be overexpressed in psoriatic uninvolved epidermis. It has been proposed that the abnormal presence of EDA+ oncofetal protein at the dermal-epidermal junction in the uninvolved skin may provide the "psoriatic" environment in which keratinocytes are in a preactivated state with regard to mitogenic signals (e.g., T cell lymphokines). To determine the possible sources of cellular fibronectin in the non-lesional psoriatic skin, we aimed to investigate whether keratinocytes could produce the EDA+ oncofetal form of fibronectin. RT-PCR studies revealed that both cultured normal keratinocytes and HaCaT cells express the EDA+ splice variant of fibronectin mRNA, and in HaCaT cells the EDA+/EDA- transcript ratio was elevated compared with normal keratinocytes. Cultured keratinocytes and HaCaT cells showed intracytoplasmic staining with an EDA+ fibronectin-specific antibody and among the positively stained cells many showed mitosis. Using RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry, we showed that in synchronized HaCaT cells the amount of both total fibronectin and its EDA+ isoform change with the proliferation/differentiation state of HaCaT cells and peak in highly proliferating cells. We show that in short-term ex vivo cultures, a small population of EDA+ fibronectin containing cell population appear among psoriatic uninvolved, but not normal epidermal cells. We also demonstrate that cell attachment has a strong influence on the expression of both total and EDA+ fibronectin. Our results suggest that proliferating keratinocytes could be the sources of the psoriasis susceptibility-related EDA+ oncofetal fibronectin in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Széll
- Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, Hungary.
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Balkovetz DF, Gerrard ER, Li S, Johnson D, Lee J, Tobias JW, Rogers KK, Snyder RW, Lipschutz JH. Gene expression alterations during HGF-induced dedifferentiation of a renal tubular epithelial cell line (MDCK) using a novel canine DNA microarray. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F702-10. [PMID: 14665430 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00270.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) elicits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including epithelial cell dedifferentiation. One of the most widely used and best-studied polarized epithelial cell lines is the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line. Here, we describe and validate the early response of polarized monolayers of MDCK cells stimulated with recombinant HGF using a novel canine DNA microarray designed to query 12,473 gene sequences. In our survey, eight genes previously implicated in the HGF signaling pathway were differentially regulated, demonstrating that the system was responsive to HGF. Also identified were 117 genes not previously known to be involved in the HGF pathway. The results were confirmed by real-time PCR or Western blot analysis for 38 genes. Of particular interest were the large number of differentially regulated genes encoding small GTPases, proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum translation, proteins involved in the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and the hematopoietic and prostaglandin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Balkovetz
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Mayer AN, Fishman MC. Nil per os encodes a conserved RNA recognition motif protein required for morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of digestive organs in zebrafish. Development 2003; 130:3917-28. [PMID: 12874115 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Digestive organ development occurs through a sequence of morphologically distinct stages, from overtly featureless endoderm, through organ primordia to, ultimately, adult form. The developmental controls that govern progression from one stage to the next are not well understood. To identify genes required for the formation of vertebrate digestive organs we performed a genetic screen in zebrafish. We isolated the nil per os (npo) mutation, which arrests morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the gut and exocrine pancreas in a primordial state. We identified the npo gene by positional cloning. It encodes a conserved protein, with multiple RNA recognition motifs, that is related to the yeast protein Mrd1p. During development npo is expressed in a dynamic fashion, functioning cell autonomously to promote organ cytodifferentiation. Antisense-mediated knockdown of npo results in organ hypoplasia, and overexpression of npo causes an overgrowth of gastrointestinal organs. Thus, npo is a gene essential for a key step in the gut morphogenetic sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan N Mayer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Nabeshima K, Inoue T, Shimao Y, Sameshima T. Matrix metalloproteinases in tumor invasion: role for cell migration. Pathol Int 2002; 52:255-64. [PMID: 12031080 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2002.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a role in a wide range of tumorigenesis, including early carcinogenesis events, tumor growth and tumor invasion and metastasis. Given that the ability of tumor cells to infiltrate and disseminate widely is what makes the tumors malignant, a role of MMP in cell migration during this invasive and metastatic process is important. There are two types of cancer cell migration: single cell locomotion and cohort migration (cell movement en mass keeping cell-cell contact, which is frequently seen in better differentiated carcinomas). Cell surface localization and activation of MMP is essential for cells to migrate, through rearrangement of extracellular matrix (ECM) to suit cell migration. Certain MMP, such as gelatinases and membrane -type 1 MMP, have special mechanisms to localize at leading edges in both types of cell migration. Moreover, in cohort migration, expression of these MMP is regulated via cell-cell contact within migrating cell sheets and confined to the foremost pathfinder cells of the migrating cell sheets. New roles of cell surface MMP, such as cleavage of cell surface receptors or cofactors involved in cell-ECM interactions during cell migration, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nabeshima
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki, Japan
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