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Li Y, Liu J, Ran N, Zheng C, Wang P, Li J, Fang Y, Fang D, Ma Y. Potential pathological mechanisms and pharmacological interventions for cadmium-induced miscarriage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116118. [PMID: 38367606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant global concern. Exposure to Cd during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive summaries on Cd-induced miscarriage. Therefore, it is imperative to further strengthen research into in vivo studies, clinical status, pathological mechanisms, and pharmacological interventions for Cd-induced miscarriage. This study systematically presents the current knowledge on animal models and clinical trials investigating Cd exposure-induced miscarriage. The underlying mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and placental dysfunction caused by Cd-induced miscarriage are also extensively discussed. Additionally, potential drug interventions such as melatonin, vitamin C, and vitamin E are highlighted for their pharmacological role in mitigating adverse pregnancy outcomes induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Na Ran
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - PingPing Wang
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Yumeng Fang
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Danna Fang
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Yeling Ma
- Medical College, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang 312000, China.
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Adele BO, Ojo GT, Ige AO, Odetola AO, Emediong IE, Adewoye EO. Toxic copper level increases erythrocyte glycolytic rate, glutathione production and alters electrolyte balance in male Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127231. [PMID: 37302219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is a micronutrient vital to several cellular energy metabolic processes and drives erythropoiesis. However, it disrupts cellular biological activities and causes oxidative damage when in excess of cellular needs. This study investigated the effects of copper toxicity on erythrocyte energy metabolism in male Wistar rats. METHODS Ten Wistar rats (150-170 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (given 0.1 ml distilled water) and copper toxic (given 100 mg/kg copper sulphate). Rats were orally treated for 30 days. Blood, collected retro-orbitally after sodium thiopentone anaesthesia (50 mg/kg i.p.) into fluoride oxalate and EDTA bottles, was subjected to blood lactate assay and extraction of red blood cell respectively. Red blood cell nitric oxide (RBC NO), glutathione (RBC GSH), adenosine triphosphate (RBC ATP) levels, RBC hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate (RBC G6P), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (RBC G6PDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (RBC LDH) activity was estimated spectrophotometrically. Values (Mean±SEM, n = 5) were compared by Student's unpaired T-test at p < 0.05. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Copper toxicity significantly increased RBC hexokinase (23.41 ± 2.80 µM), G6P (0.48 ± 0.03 µM), G6PDH (71.03 ± 4.76nmol/min/ml) activities, ATP (624.70 ± 57.36 µmol/gHb) and GSH (3.08 ± 0.37 µM) level compared to control (15.28 ± 1.37 µM, 0.35 ± 0.02 µM, 330.30 ± 49.58 µmol/gHb, 54.41 ± 3.01nmol/min/ml and 2.05 ± 0.14 µM respectively, p < 0.05). Also, RBC LDH activity (145.00 ± 19.88mU/ml), NO (3.45 ± 0.25 µM) and blood lactate (31.64 ± 0.91 mg/dl) level were lowered significantly compared to control (467.90 ± 94.23mU/ml, 4.48 ± 0.18 µM and 36.12 ± 1.06 mg/dl respectively). This study shows that copper toxicity increases erythrocyte glycolytic rate and glutathione production. This increase could be connected to a compensatory mechanism for cellular hypoxia and increased free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Adele
- Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - G T Ojo
- Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A O Ige
- Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A O Odetola
- Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
| | - I E Emediong
- Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E O Adewoye
- Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Mandil R, Prakash A, Rahal A, Koli S, Kumar R, Garg SK. Evaluation of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper and flubendiamide: amelioration by antioxidants in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:232-252. [PMID: 37125329 PMCID: PMC10141782 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of copper (Cu) (@ 33 mg/kg b.wt.) and flubendimide (Flb) (@ 200 mg/kg b.wt.) alone and/or in combination on blood-biochemical indices, oxidative stress, and drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in vivo in male Wistar rats following oral exposure continuously for 90 days and their immunotoxic (cyto-genotoxic and apoptotic) potential in vitro on thymocytes. In in vivo study, ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol was assessed, whereas α-tocopherol, curcumin, resveratrol, and catechin were evaluated for protective effect in vitro. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased AST activity and increment in total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, and BUN levels; however, reduction in total protein, GSH content, reduced activities of SOD and GST, and increased lipid peroxidation and GPx activity with severe degenerative changes in histopathological examination of liver and kidney in group of Cu and Flb were observed. Treatment with α-tocopherol improved biochemical variables, redox status, and histoarchitecture of liver and kidney tissues. Reduced hepatic CYP450, CYPb5, APH, UGT, and GST activities observed in both Cu and α-tocopherol alone and their combination groups, whereas significant increment in Flb alone, while α-tocopherol in combination with xenobiotics improved the activities of hepatic DMEs. Primary cell culture of thymocytes (106 cells/ml) exposed to Cu and Flb each @ 40 μM increased TUNEL+ve cells, micronuclei induction, DNA shearing, and comet formation establishes their apoptotic and genotoxic potential, whereas treatment with antioxidants showed concentration-dependent significant reduction and their order of potency on equimolar concentration (10 μM) basis is: curcumin > resveratrol > catechin = α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mandil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Atul Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Central Institute for Research on Goat (CIRG), Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura 281122, India
| | - Swati Koli
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidyalay Evam Go- Anushandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Near Civil Line, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
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Majid S, Van Belleghem F, Ploem JP, Wouters A, Blust R, Smeets K. Interactive toxicity of copper and cadmium in regenerating and adult planarians. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:133819. [PMID: 35114265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a polluted environment, metals are present as complex mixtures. As a result, organisms are exposed to different metals at the same time, which affects both metal-specific as well as overall toxicity. Detailed information about the molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of combined exposures remains limited in terms of different life stages. In this study, the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea was used to investigate developmental and physiological responses associated with a combined exposure to Cu and Cd. In addition, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the provoked adverse effects were studied in different exposure scenarios. Mixed exposure resulted in a decline in survival, diverse non-lethal morphological changes, neuroregenerative impairments, altered behaviour and a limited repair capacity. Underlying to these effects, the cellular redox state was altered in all exposure conditions. In adult animals, this led to DNA damage and corresponding transcriptional changes in cell cycle and DNA repair genes. In regenerating animals, changes in hydrogen peroxide and glutathione contents led to regenerative defects. Overall, our results demonstrate that (1) developing organisms are more susceptible to metal exposures, and (2) the toxicity of an individual metal increases significantly in a mixed exposure scenario. These aspects have to be included in current risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanah Majid
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium; Systemic Physiological & Eco-toxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 2020, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Belleghem
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, 6419, AT, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Pieter Ploem
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Annelies Wouters
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological & Eco-toxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan, 2020, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.
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Hashem MA, Abd El Hamied SS, Ahmed EMA, Amer SA, Hassan AM. Alleviating Effects of Vitamins C and E Supplementation on Oxidative Stress, Hematobiochemical, and Histopathological Alterations Caused by Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061739. [PMID: 34200884 PMCID: PMC8230424 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Excessive copper in diets is associated with numerous disadvantageous impacts on poultry. The current study evaluated the efficacy of vitamin C and vitamin E in mitigating oxidative stress, hematobiochemical, and histopathological changes in the kidney induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) toxicity in broiler chickens. The birds were assigned to five experimental groups: 1st group—basal diet with no additives (control group), 2nd group—basal diet complemented with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet), 3rd group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), 4th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), and 5th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet). The current study’s findings showed the possible preventive impacts of dietary antioxidants on hematobiochemical alterations, oxidative stress, and kidney damage induced by CuSO4 toxicity. Abstract The current investigation evaluated the alleviating effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on oxidative stress, hematobiochemical, and histopathological changes in the kidney induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4) toxicity in chickens. Two hundred and fifty-one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five experimental groups (five replicates/group, ten chicks/replicate): 1st group—basal diet with no additives (control group), 2nd group—basal diet complemented with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet), 3rd group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), 4th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), and 5th group—basal diet with CuSO4 (300 mg/kg diet) + vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet) + vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet) for a 42 day feeding period. The results showed a significant reduction in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit values as well as total leukocyte counts (WBCs), lymphocyte, heterophil, and monocyte counts in the CuSO4-intoxicated birds (2.42 × 106/µL, 9.54 g/dL, 26.02%, 15.80 × 103/µL, 7.86 × 103/µL, 5.26 × 103/µL, and 1.18 × 103/µL, respectively, at the 6th week) compared to (2.79 × 106/µL, 10.98 g/dL, 28.46%, 21.07 × 103/µL, 10.84 × 103/µL, 7.12 × 103/µL, and 1.60 × 103/µL, respectively) in the control group. Moreover, CuSO4-intoxicated birds showed hypoglycemia with a rise in serum uric acid and creatinine levels (122.68, 5.18, and 0.78 mg/dL at the 6th week) compared to (159.46, 4.41, and 0.61 mg/dL) in the control group. The CuSO4 toxicity in birds induced oxidative stress, indicated by a high serum malondialdehyde level (MDA) and diminished activity of the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) (2.01 nmol/mL, 37.66 U/mL, and 2.91 U/mL, respectively, at the 6th week) compared to (1.34 nmol/mL, 57.00 U/mL, 4.99 U/mL, respectively) in the control group. High doses of Cu exposure caused severe microscopic alterations in kidney architecture. The addition of vitamins C and E, singularly or in combination, displayed a beneficial effect in alleviating these harmful effects of Cu toxicity. These findings showed the possible mitigating impacts of dietary antioxidants on the hematobiochemical alterations, oxidative stress, and kidney damage induced by CuSO4 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hashem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | | | - Eman M. A. Ahmed
- Animal Health Institute, Zagazig Branch, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (S.S.A.E.H.); (E.M.A.A.)
| | - Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Aziza M. Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
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Zamani MM, Mortazavi SH, Monajjemzadeh M, Piranfar V, Aalidaeijavadi Z, Bakhtiarian A. Protective Effect of Combined Long Time Administration of Selenium and Vitamin C on Liver and Kidney Toxicity of Cadmium in Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:174-180. [PMID: 33936228 PMCID: PMC8085284 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.135777.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Increased industrial activities leads to prolonged human exposure to industrial pollutant such as cadmium (Cd). Chronic exposure to Cd in Mammals and also human being, can cause damages to various organs and particularly kidneys and liver. The goal of this study was to investigate the prophylactic effects of combined selenium (Se) and ascorbic acid supplement in rat cadmium toxicity. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided to 10 groups: one control, one sham and two clusters of 4 intervention groups which were fed with 1 or 5 mg Cd /kg water, for 28 days. Ascorbic acid supplement was added to drinking water of four groups (10 mg/L). Four groups received intraperitoneal Se (1 mg/kg) at day 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. Finally, Cd concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in liver and kidney sections. Furthermore, pathological changes were investigated in these sections. Results: The results showed weight gain in Cd groups which received ascorbic acid and Se, in contrast to weight loss in parallel groups without vitamin C and Se. The stronger necrosis and inflammation have been observed in group received 5 mg/kg Cd compared to group with 1 mg/kg Cd (P<0.05). In addition, cadmium level was higher in untreated groups without any supplements, significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Drinking water with ascorbic acid may have prophylactic effects across cadmium, and combination of Se and ascorbic acid are associated with higher prophylactic effects in both kidney and liver in rats to decrease the Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Zamani
- Exceptional Talent Development Center (EDTC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Scientific Students' Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Monajjemzadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahhab Piranfar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aalidaeijavadi
- Scientific Students' Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bakhtiarian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Association between Parameters Related to Oxidative Stress and Trace Minerals in Athletes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12124966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the basal concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and retinol in plasma or erythrocytes, and the plasma concentrations of 16 trace minerals in endurance athletes from Extremadura (Spain). In addition, we aimed to assess the possible relationships between some parameters related to cellular oxidative stress with plasma concentrations of some trace minerals. Sixty-two national long-distance men athletes participated in this study. The parameters related to oxidative stress and antioxidant activity were analyzed through high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and trace minerals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that plasma MDA was positively correlated with selenium and rubidium. Plasma ascorbic acid was positively correlated with manganese and negatively correlated with cobalt and cadmium. Erythrocyte ascorbic acid was related to arsenic and cesium. Plasma α-tocopherol correlated with copper and manganese negatively and positively with arsenic. Erythrocyte α-tocopherol was positively related to copper, rubidium, and lithium. The findings show that athletes with a high degree of training should monitor their intake and concentrations of α-tocopherol for its fundamental role of neutralizing the excess of reactive oxygen species produced by exercise and the prooxidant effects of several minerals such as arsenic, copper, and lithium.
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Mandil R, Prakash A, Rahal A, Singh SP, Sharma D, Kumar R, Garg SK. In vitro and in vivo effects of flubendiamide and copper on cyto-genotoxicity, oxidative stress and spleen histology of rats and its modulation by resveratrol, catechin, curcumin and α-tocopherol. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:29. [PMID: 32326976 PMCID: PMC7179012 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living organisms are frequently exposed to more than one xenobiotic at a time either by ingestion of contaminated food/fodder or due to house-hold practices, occupational hazards or through environment. These xenobiotics interact individually or in combination with biological systems and act as carcinogen or produce other toxic effects including reproductive and degenerative diseases. Present study was aimed to investigate the cyto-genotoxic effects of flubendiamide and copper and ameliorative potential of certain natural phyotconstituent antioxidants. METHOD In vitro cytogenotoxic effects were evaluated by employing battery of assays including Propidium iodide staining, Tunel assay, Micronuclei, DNA fragmentation and Comet assay on isolated splenocytes and their prevention by resveratrol (5 and 10 μM), catechin (10 and 20 μM), curcumin (5 and 10 μM) and α-tocopherol (5, 10 and 20 μM). In vivo study was also undertaken daily oral administration of flubendiamide (200 mg/kg) or copper (33 mg/kg) and both these in combination, and also all these concurrently with of α-tocopherol to Wistar rats for 90 days. RESULTS Flubendiamide and copper produced concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on splenocytes and at median lethal concentrations, flubendiamide (40 μM) and copper (40 μM) respectively produced 71 and 81% nonviable cells, higher number of Tunel+ve apoptotic cells, 7.86 and 9.16% micronucleus and 22.90 and 29.59 comets/100 cells and DNA fragmentation. In vivo study revealed significant (P < 0.05) increase in level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in groups exposed to flubendiamide or copper alone or both these in combination. Histopathological examination of rat spleens revealed depletion of lymphoid tissue, separation of splenocytes and rarification in splenic parenchyma of xenobiotic(s) treated groups. CONCLUSION Flubendiamide and copper induce oxidative stress and produce cytogenotoxic effects along with histoarchitectural changes in spleen. All four tested natural antioxidants (resveratrol, catechin, curcumin and α-tocopherol) reduced flubendiamide and copper-induced cytotoxic effects in rat splenocytes. Rat splenocytes are very sensitive to flubendiamide and copper-induced cytogenotoxicity, therefore, these can be effectively employed for screening of compounds for their cytogenotoxic potential. α-tocopherol was effective in restoring alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers and preventing histoarchitectural lesions in spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mandil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Tecahnology, 250110, Meerut, India
| | - Atul Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go- Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), -281001, Mathura, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Division of Goat Health, Central Institute for Research on Goat (CIRG), Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122 India
| | - S. P. Singh
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), 281001, Mathura, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), 281001, Mathura, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), 281001, Mathura, India
| | - Satish Kumar Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go- Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), -281001, Mathura, India
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Macar TK, Macar O, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K. Resveratrol ameliorates the physiological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and anatomical toxicities induced by copper(II) chloride exposure in Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:657-667. [PMID: 31808086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive copper (Cu) exposure ultimately results in toxicosis in all organisms. The protective potential of resveratrol compound against the CuCl2 toxicity was evaluated in Allium cepa L. root tip cells. For this aim, A. cepa bulbs were divided into six groups and the groups were treated with tap water, 400 mg/L resveratrol, 800 mg/L resveratrol, 20 μM CuCl2, 400 mg/L resveratrol + 20 μM CuCl2, and 800 mg/L resveratrol + 20 μM CuCl2 solutions, respectively for 72 h. The first group irrigated with tap water was accepted as control. All groups were screened for the germination percentage, root elongation, total bulb weight gain, micronucleus (MN) frequency, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations, and anatomical changes. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation were investigated. It was found that CuCl2 exposure alone triggered a definite negative effects on all parameters examined. On the other hand, the groups treated with resveratrol did not have statistically different values compared to the control group. Resveratrol doses induced a remarkable recovery in growth parameters including germination percentage, root elongation, and total bulb weight gain when applied with CuCl2. In these groups, MN frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and anatomical abnormalities were alleviated, whereas the MI levels increased significantly. Moreover, lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activities showed a marked amelioration when resveratrol and CuCl2 were applied together. Copper compounds have become common pollutants due to their direct uses as pesticides in agricultural areas as well as their spreading to natural areas from industrial fields. The study clearly demonstrated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol against the harmful effects of CuCl2 exposure in Allium roots. So, resveratrol could be considered as a plant-derived restorative agent for the reduction of the risks from the other copper compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Oksal Macar
- Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, Giresun University, 28400, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, 28049, Giresun, Turkey
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Castro JM, Bianchi VA, Pascual MM, Almeida C, Venturino A, Luquet CM. Immune and biochemical responses in hemolymph and gills of the Patagonian freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis, against two microbiological challenges: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 157:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Bulcke F, Santofimia-Castaño P, Gonzalez-Mateos A, Dringen R. Modulation of copper accumulation and copper-induced toxicity by antioxidants and copper chelators in cultured primary brain astrocytes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:168-76. [PMID: 26302925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper is essential for several important cellular processes, but an excess of copper can also lead to oxidative damage. In brain, astrocytes are considered to play a pivotal role in the copper homeostasis and antioxidative defence. To investigate whether antioxidants and copper chelators can modulate the uptake and the toxicity of copper ions in brain astrocytes, we used primary astrocytes as cell culture model. These cells accumulated substantial amounts of copper during exposure to copper chloride. Copper accumulation was accompanied by a time- and concentration-dependent loss in cell viability, as demonstrated by a lowering in cellular MTT reduction capacity and by an increase in membrane permeability for propidium iodide. During incubations in the presence of the antioxidants ascorbate, trolox or ebselen, the specific cellular copper content and the toxicity in copper chloride-treated astrocyte cultures were strongly increased. In contrast, the presence of the copper chelators bathocuproine disulfonate or tetrathiomolybdate lowered the cellular copper accumulation and the copper-induced as well as the ascorbate-accelerated copper toxicity was fully prevented. These data suggest that predominantly the cellular content of copper determines copper-induced toxicity in brain astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bulcke
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany; Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Patricia Santofimia-Castaño
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, E-10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Mateos
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, E-10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany; Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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12
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Kalita J, Kumar V, Ranjan A, Misra UK. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Worsening of Neurologic Wilson Disease Following Chelating Therapy. Neuromolecular Med 2015. [PMID: 26224517 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with neurologic Wilson disease (NWD) may worsen on treatment, but there is no study evaluating the role of oxidative stress. We report the role of plasma glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the worsening of NWD following treatment. Fifty-one treatment-naïve NWD patients were subjected to detailed clinical evaluation. The severity of NWD was noted, and dystonia was measured by Burke-Fahn-Marsden (BFM) score. Their hematological, serum chemistry, ultrasound abdomen and cranial MRI changes were noted. Plasma GSH, TAC and MDA, serum free copper (Cu) and 24-h urinary Cu were measured at admission and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. The patients were considered worsened if there was one or more grade deterioration in severity scale, >10 % deterioration in BFM score or appearance of new neurologic signs. The median age of the patients was 11 (5-37) years, and 12 were females. Following treatment, 25 patients improved, 12 worsened, and 14 had stationary course. The worsened group at 3 months had lower GSH (1.99 ± 0.17 vs. 2.30 ± 0.30 mg/dl; P = 0.004) and TAC (1.59 ± 0.12 vs. 1.82 ± 0.17 mmol Trolox equivalent/L; P = 0.001) and higher MDA (5.24 ± 0.22 vs. 4.34 ± 0.46 nmol/ml; P < 0.001) levels compared to the improved group. These changes were associated with increased serum free Cu (41.81 ± 3.31 vs. 35.62 ± 6.40 µg/dl; P = 0.02) and 24-h urinary Cu (206.42 ± 41.61 vs. 121.99 ± 23.72 µg/24 h; P < 0.001) in the worsened compared to the improved group. All the patients having worsening were on penicillamine. Worsening following chelating treatment in NWD may be due to oxidative stress which is induced by increased serum free Cu. These results may have future therapeutic implication and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayantee Kalita
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Abhay Ranjan
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Usha K Misra
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Medical Sciences, Raebareily Road, Lucknow, 226014, India
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13
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Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Basso A, Piacenza F, Ostan R, Cevenini E, Gonos ES, Monti D. Micronutrient-gene interactions related to inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity in ageing and inflammation. A systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:29-49. [PMID: 24388876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent longitudinal studies in dietary daily intake in human centenarians have shown that a satisfactory content of some micronutrients within the cells maintain several immune functions, a low grade of inflammation and preserve antioxidant activity. Micronutrients (zinc, copper, selenium) play a pivotal role in maintaining and reinforcing the performances of the immune and antioxidant systems as well as in affecting the complex network of the genes (nutrigenomic) with anti- and pro-inflammatory tasks. Genes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and some key regulators of trace elements homeostasis, such as Metallothioneins (MT), are involved in the susceptibility to major geriatric disease/disorders. Moreover, the genetic inter-individual variability may affect the nutrients' absorption (nutrigenetic) with altered effects on inflammatory/immune response and antioxidant activity. The interaction between genetic factors and micronutrients (nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic approaches) may influence ageing and longevity because the micronutrients may become also toxic. This review reports the micronutrient-gene interactions in ageing and their impact on the healthy state with a focus on the method of protein-metal speciation analysis. The association between micronutrient-gene interactions and the protein-metal speciation analysis can give a complete picture for a personalized nutrient supplementation or chelation in order to reach healthy ageing and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Translation Center of Research in Nutrition and Ageing, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Cevenini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES) and Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Rai M, Ingle A, Gupta I, Gaikwad S, Gade A, Rubilar O, Durán N. Cyto-, Geno-, and Ecotoxicity of Copper Nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Di Salvatore P, Calcagno JA, Ortíz N, Ríos de Molina MDC, Sabatini SE. Effect of seasonality on oxidative stress responses and metal accumulation in soft tissues of Aulacomya atra, a mussel from the South Atlantic Patagonian coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 92:244-252. [PMID: 24157268 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pollution and its interaction with temperature on the oxidative status of the ribbed mussel Aulacomya atra in the southern Atlantic Patagonian coast. Animals were collected from four sites with different degree and type of human activity impact, during the summer and winter of 2011. Seawater chromium, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc concentrations were measured, as well as metal accumulation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, reduced glutathione levels, and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase in gills and digestive glands. Metal bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses in both tissues were generally higher in mussels from harbor areas. Water temperature had a remarkable effect on gill SOD activity and protein oxidation during winter in mussels from all locations. Methodologically, we conclude that measuring both metal bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses allowed for a more accurate assessment of the biological effects of metal present in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Di Salvatore
- IQUIBICEN - Departamento Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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McElwee MK, Ho LA, Chou JW, Smith MV, Freedman JH. Comparative toxicogenomic responses of mercuric and methyl-mercury. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:698. [PMID: 24118919 PMCID: PMC3870996 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that exists in multiple chemical forms. A paucity of information exists regarding the differences or similarities by which different mercurials act at the molecular level. Results Transcriptomes of mixed-stage C. elegans following equitoxic sub-, low- and high-toxicity exposures to inorganic mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and organic methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) were analyzed. In C. elegans, the mercurials had highly different effects on transcription, with MeHgCl affecting the expression of significantly more genes than HgCl2. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that inorganic and organic mercurials affected different biological processes. RNAi identified 18 genes that were important in C. elegans response to mercurial exposure, although only two of these genes responded to both mercurials. To determine if the responses observed in C. elegans were evolutionarily conserved, the two mercurials were investigated in human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. The human homologs of the affected C. elegans genes were then used to test the effects on gene expression and cell viability after using siRNA during HgCl2 and MeHgCl exposure. As was observed with C. elegans, exposure to the HgCl2 and MeHgCl had different effects on gene expression, and different genes were important in the cellular response to the two mercurials. Conclusions These results suggest that, contrary to previous reports, inorganic and organic mercurials have different mechanisms of toxicity. The two mercurials induced disparate effects on gene expression, and different genes were important in protecting the organism from mercurial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K McElwee
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T,W Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, P,O, Box 12233, 27709 Durham, NC, USA.
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17
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Chuang SC, Chen JH. Photooxidation and antioxidant responses in the earthworm Amynthas gracilis exposed to environmental levels of ultraviolet B radiation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 164:429-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Güçlü BK, Kara K, Çakır L, Çetin E, Kanbur M. Carnitine supplementation modulates high dietary copper-induced oxidative toxicity and reduced performance in laying hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:725-35. [PMID: 21710373 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine on performance, egg quality and certain biochemical parameters in laying hens fed a diet containing high levels of copper proteinate. Forty-eight 42-week-old laying hens were divided into four groups with four replicates. The laying hens were fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 mg carnitine (Car)/kg diet, 800 mg copper proteinate (CuP)/kg diet or 400 mg carnitine + 800 mg copper (Car+CuP)/kg diet, for 6 weeks. Supplemental CuP decreased feed consumption (p < 0.01), feed efficiency and egg production (p < 0.001), as compared to control. The combination of Car and CuP increased (p < 0.001) egg production and feed efficiency as compared to CuP. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01) were increased, while lactate dehydrogenase activity was decreased (p < 0.001) by supplemental CuP and Car+CuP. Supplemental CuP caused an increase in plasma malondialdehyde (p < 0.01) and nitric oxide levels (p < 0.05). In the Car+CuP group, this increase was observed to have been reduced significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Car+CuP increased (p < 0.05) glucose level. These results indicate that the carnitine and copper combination may prevent the possible adverse effects of high dietary copper on performance and lipid peroxidation in hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Kocaoğlu Güçlü
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kocasinan, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey
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19
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Sabatini SE, Rocchetta I, Nahabedian DE, Luquet CM, Eppis MR, Bianchi L, Ríos de Molina MDC. Oxidative stress and histological alterations produced by dietary copper in the fresh water bivalve Diplodon chilensis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:391-8. [PMID: 21816234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the oxidative stress effects and histological alterations caused by dietary copper on the filter-feeding freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis. Bivalves were fed during 6 weeks with the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus previously exposed to copper. Metal concentration in algae cultures and bivalve digestive gland was measured by TXRF. A maximum accumulation of 0.49 μg Cu/mg protein was detected at week 6. Also at this week, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) showed the highest decrease (50%) in response to Cu exposure. SOD and GST activities were significantly increased at weeks 4, 5 and 6, reaching an activity on average 50% higher than in controls for GST. CAT activity and GSH increased significantly at weeks 5 and 6. Despite this response, oxidative damage measured as TBARS and carbonyl groups contents increased significantly at weeks 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Digestive tubule and duct atrophy and cell-type replacement in treated mussels were observed by histological studies. The presence of intracellular rhodanine-positive granules, suggests copper accumulation in intracellular vacuoles of digestive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián E Sabatini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Tvermoes BE, Bird GS, Freedman JH. Cadmium induces transcription independently of intracellular calcium mobilization. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20542. [PMID: 21694771 PMCID: PMC3111418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to cadmium is associated with human pathologies and altered gene expression. The molecular mechanisms by which cadmium affects transcription remain unclear. It has been proposed that cadmium activates transcription by altering intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and disrupting calcium-mediated intracellular signaling processes. This hypothesis is based on several studies that may be technically problematic; including the use of BAPTA chelators, BAPTA-based fluorescent sensors, and cytotoxic concentrations of metal. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING In the present report, the effects of cadmium on [Ca(2+)](i) under non-cytotoxic and cytotoxic conditions was monitored using the protein-based calcium sensor yellow cameleon (YC3.60), which was stably expressed in HEK293 cells. In HEK293 constitutively expressing YC3.60, this calcium sensor was found to be insensitive to cadmium. Exposing HEK293::YC3.60 cells to non-cytotoxic cadmium concentrations was sufficient to induce transcription of cadmium-responsive genes but did not affect [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization or increase steady-state mRNA levels of calcium-responsive genes. In contrast, exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of cadmium significantly reduced intracellular calcium stores and altered calcium-responsive gene expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data indicate that at low levels, cadmium induces transcription independently of intracellular calcium mobilization. The results also support a model whereby cytotoxic levels of cadmium activate calcium-responsive transcription as a general response to metal-induced intracellular damage and not via a specific mechanism. Thus, the modulation of intracellular calcium may not be a primary mechanism by which cadmium regulates transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Tvermoes
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gary S. Bird
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Freedman
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Aerobic life requires organisms to resist the damaging effects of ROS (reactive oxygen species), particularly during stress. Extensive research has established a detailed picture of how cells respond to oxidative stress. Attention is now focusing on identifying the key molecular targets of ROS, which cause killing when resistance is overwhelmed. Experimental criteria used to establish such targets have differing merits. Depending on the nature of the stress, ROS cause loss of essential cellular functions or gain of toxic functions. Essential targets on which life pivots during ROS stress include membrane lipid integrity and activity of ROS-susceptible proteins, including proteins required for faithful translation of mRNA. Protein oxidation also triggers accumulation of toxic protein aggregates or induction of apoptotic cell death. This burgeoning understanding of the principal ROS targets will offer new possibilities for therapy of ROS related diseases.
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Migdal C, Foggia L, Tailhardat M, Courtellemont P, Haftek M, Serres M. Sensitization effect of thimerosal is mediated in vitro via reactive oxygen species and calcium signaling. Toxicology 2010; 274:1-9. [PMID: 20457211 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thimerosal, a mercury derivative composed of ethyl mercury chloride (EtHgCl) and thiosalicylic acid (TSA), is widely used as a preservative in vaccines and cosmetic products and causes cutaneous reactions. Since dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in the immune response, the sensitization potency of chemicals was studied in vitro using U937, a human promyelomonocytic cell line that is used as a surrogate of monocytic differentiation and activation. Currently, this cell line is under ECVAM (European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods) validation as an alternative method for discriminating chemicals. Thimerosal and mercury derivatives induced in U937 an overexpression of CD86 and interleukin (IL)-8 secretion similarly to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), a sensitizer used as a positive control for DC activation. Non-sensitizers, dichloronitrobenzene (DCNB), TSA and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an irritant, had no effect. U937 activation was prevented by cell pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) but not with thiol-independent antioxidants except vitamin E which affected CD86 expression by preventing lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. Thimerosal, EtHgCl and DNCB induced glutathione (GSH) depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) within 15 min; another peak was detected after 2h for mercury compounds only. MitoSOX, a specific mitochondrial fluorescent probe, confirmed that ROS were essentially produced by mitochondria in correlation with its membrane depolarization. Changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability induced by mercury were reversed by NAC but not by thiol-independent antioxidants. Thimerosal and EtHgCl also induced a calcium (Ca2+) influx with a peak at 3h, suggesting that Ca2+ influx is a secondary event following ROS induction as Ca2+ influx was suppressed after pretreatment with NAC but not with thiol-independent antioxidants. Ca2+ influx was also suppressed when culture medium was deprived of Ca2+ confirming the specificity of the measure. In conclusion, these data suggest that thimerosal induced U937 activation via oxidative stress from mitochondrial stores and mitochondrial membrane depolarization with a primordial effect of thiol groups. A cross-talk between ROS and Ca2+ influx was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Migdal
- EA 41-69, Université Lyon 1, Pavillon R, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
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Prabhu BM, Ali SF, Murdock RC, Hussain SM, Srivatsan M. Copper nanoparticles exert size and concentration dependent toxicity on somatosensory neurons of rat. Nanotoxicology 2009; 4:150-160. [PMID: 20543894 DOI: 10.3109/17435390903337693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles, due to their unique properties and important applications in optical, magnetic, thermal, electrical, sensor devices and cosmetics, are beginning to be widely manufactured and used. This new and rapidly growing field of technology warrants a thorough examination of the material's bio-compatibility and safety. Ultra-small particles may adversely affect living cells and organisms since they can easily penetrate the body through skin contact, inhalation and ingestion. Retrograde transport of copper nanoparticles from nerve endings on the skin can reach the somatosensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Since copper nanoparticles have industrial and healthcare applications, we determined the concentration and size-dependant effects of their exposure on survival of DRG neurons of rat in cell culture. The neurons were exposed to copper nanoparticles of increasing concentrations (10-100 muM) and sizes (40, 60 and 80 nm) for 24 h. Light microscopy, histochemical staining for copper, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay for cell death, and MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay for cell viability were performed to measure the resultant toxicity and cell survival. DRG neurons exposed to copper nanoparticles displayed vacuoles and detachment of some neurons from the substratum. Neurons also exhibited disrupted neurite network. LDH and MTS assays revealed that exposure to copper nanoparticles had significant toxic effect with all the sizes tested when compared to unexposed control cultures. Further analysis of the results showed that copper nanoparticles of smaller size and higher concentration exerted the maximum toxic effects. Rubeanic acid staining showed intracellular deposition of copper. These results demonstrate that copper nanoparticles are toxic in a size- and concentration-dependent manner to DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badanavalu M Prabhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas
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24
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Boutet I, Jollivet D, Shillito B, Moraga D, Tanguy A. Molecular identification of differentially regulated genes in the hydrothermal-vent species Bathymodiolus thermophilus and Paralvinella pandorae in response to temperature. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:222. [PMID: 19439073 PMCID: PMC2689276 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps represent oases of life in the deep-sea environment, but are also characterized by challenging physical and chemical conditions. The effect of temperature fluctuations on vent organisms in their habitat has not been well explored, in particular at a molecular level, most gene expression studies being conducted on coastal marine species. In order to better understand the response of hydrothermal organisms to different temperature regimes, differentially expressed genes (obtained by a subtractive suppression hybridization approach) were identified in the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus and the annelid Paralvinella pandorae irlandei to characterize the physiological processes involved when animals are subjected to long term exposure (2 days) at two contrasting temperatures (10 degrees versus 20 degrees C), while maintained at in situ pressures. To avoid a potential effect of pressure, the experimental animals were initially thermally acclimated for 24 hours in a pressurized vessel. RESULTS For each species, we produced two subtractive cDNA libraries (forward and reverse) from sets of deep-sea mussels and annelids exposed together to a thermal challenge under pressure. RNA extracted from the gills, adductor muscle, mantle and foot tissue were used for B. thermophilus. For the annelid model, whole animals (small individuals) were used. For each of the four libraries, we sequenced 200 clones, resulting in 78 and 83 unique sequences in mussels and annelids (about 20% of the sequencing effort), respectively, with only half of them corresponding to known genes. Real-time PCR was used to validate differentially expressed genes identified in the corresponding libraries. Strong expression variations have been observed for some specific genes such as the intracellular hemoglobin, the nidogen protein, and Rab7 in P. pandorae, and the SPARC protein, cyclophilin, foot protein and adhesive plaque protein in B. thermophilus. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that mussels and worms are not responding in the same way to temperature variations. While the results obtained for the mussel B. thermophilus seem to indicate a metabolic depression (strong decrease in the level of mRNA expression of numerous genes) when temperature increased, the annelid P. pandorae mainly displayed a strong regulation of the mRNA encoding subunits and linkers of respiratory pigments and some proteins involved in membrane structure. In both cases, these regulations seem to be partly due to a possible cellular oxidative stress induced by the simulated thermal environment (10 degrees C to 20 degrees C). This work will serve as a starting point for studying the transcriptomic response of hydrothermal mussels and annelids in future experiments in response to thermal stress at various conditions of duration and temperature challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boutet
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe Génétique et Adaptation en Milieu Extrême, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Didier Jollivet
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe Génétique et Adaptation en Milieu Extrême, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
| | - Bruce Shillito
- UPMC Université Paris 6, UMR 7138, Systématique, Adaptation et Evolution, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dario Moraga
- UMR CNRS 6539, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe Génétique et Adaptation en Milieu Extrême, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682 Roscoff, France
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Sharma SS, Dietz KJ. The relationship between metal toxicity and cellular redox imbalance. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2009; 14:43-50. [PMID: 19070530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between cellular redox imbalances leading to oxidative stress and metal toxicity in plants has been studied intensely over the past decades. This interdependency was often considered to reflect a rather indirect metal effect of cellular disregulation and progressive secondary damage development. By contrast, recent experiments revealed a clear relationship between metal stress and redox homeostasis and antioxidant capacity. Analysis of plants expressing targeted modifications of components of the antioxidant system, the comparison of closely related plant species with different degrees of toxic metal sensitivity and effector studies with, for instance, salicylic acid have established a link between the degree of plant tolerance to metals and the level of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti S Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171 005, India
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Mechanism of copper-activated transcription: activation of AP-1, and the JNK/SAPK and p38 signal transduction pathways. J Mol Biol 2008; 383:1008-18. [PMID: 18793645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal that is able to produce reactive oxygen species and to induce intracellular oxidative stress. Several studies have examined the effects of excessive copper and oxidative stress on various organisms and tissues, but few have addressed the molecular mechanisms by which copper affects transcription. Our results demonstrated that, in COS-7 cells, copper treatment caused an increase in the binding of nuclear proteins to activating protein-1 and antioxidant response elements. The level of copper-inducible nuclear protein binding was modulated by increasing or decreasing the level of intracellular oxidative stress. Copper exposure also led to an increase in the steady-state levels of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc mRNAs. Exposure to copper resulted in an increase in the levels of phosphorylation and activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase and p38 pathways. The activation of these pathways resulted in a concomitant increase in c-Jun phosphorylation. We investigated the hypothesis that copper-induced oxidative stress leads to the formation of stable lipid peroxidation by-products that activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, ultimately affecting transcription. While exposure did result in the production of 4-hydroxynonenal, the timing of the increased levels of proto-oncogene mRNA, phosphorylation of c-jun, and phosphorylation and activation of MAPKs, as well as the inability of the lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E to abrogate MAPK phosphorylation, suggest that the formation of stable lipid peroxidation by-products may not be the primary mechanism by which copper activates MAPKs. These results further elucidate the effects of copper on signal transduction pathways to alter gene expression.
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Nzengue Y, Steiman R, Guiraud P. Characterization of the cell death induced by cadmium in HaCaT and C6 cell lines. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:142-53. [PMID: 18297607 DOI: 10.1080/10715760701837100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell death resulting from cadmium (Cd) intoxication has been confirmed to induce both necrosis and apoptosis. The ratio between both types of cell death is dose- and cell-type-dependent. This study used the human keratinocytes HaCaT expressing a mutated p53 and the rat glial cells C6 expressing a wild p53 as models to characterize Cd-induced apoptosis, using sub-lethal and lethal doses. At these concentrations, features of apoptosis were observed 24 h after C6 cell treatment: apoptotic DNA fragmentation and caspase-9 activation, whereas Cd did not induce caspase-3. In HaCaT, Cd did not induce apoptotic DNA fragmentation or caspase-9 and -3 activation. The results also showed that the inhibition of p53 led to a resistance of the C6 cells to 20 microm Cd, decreased the apoptosis and increased the metallothioneins in these cells. p53 restoration increased the sensitivity of HaCaT cells to Cd but did not affect the MT expression. The results suggest that Cd induced apoptosis in C6 cells but a non-apoptotic cellular death in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Nzengue
- Université Joseph Fourier, Domaine de La Merci, La Tronche, France
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28
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Collin VC, Eymery F, Genty B, Rey P, Havaux M. Vitamin E is essential for the tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to metal-induced oxidative stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:244-57. [PMID: 17996014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants were grown in a hydroponic culture system for 7 to 14 d in the absence or presence of 75 microM Cd or 75 microM Cu. The Cu treatment resulted in visual leaf symptoms, together with anthocyanin accumulation and loss of turgor. Pronounced lipid peroxidation, which was detected by autoluminescence imaging and malondialdehyde titration, was observed in Cu-treated leaves. The Cd treatment also resulted in loss of leaf pigments but lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress were less pronounced than in the leaves exposed to Cu. Analysis of low-molecular-weight chloroplast and cytosolic antioxidants (ascorbate, glutathione, tocopherols, carotenoids) and antioxidant enzymes (thiol-based reductases and peroxidases) revealed relatively few responses to metal exposure. However, there was a marked increase in vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in response to Cd and Cu treatments. Ascorbate increased significantly in Cu-exposed leaves. Other antioxidants either remained stable or decreased in response to metal stress. Transcripts encoding enzymes of the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway were increased in response to metal exposure. In particular, VTE2 mRNA was enhanced in Cu- and Cd-treated plants, while VTE5 and hydroxylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) mRNAs were only up-regulated in Cd-treated plants. Consistent increases in HPPD transcripts and protein were observed. The vitamin E-deficient (vte1) mutant exhibited an enhanced sensitivity towards both metals relative to the wild-type (WT) control. Unlike the vte1 mutants, which showed enhanced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the presence of Cu or Cd, the ascorbate-deficient (vtc2) mutant showed WT responses to metal exposure. Taken together, these results demonstrate that vitamin E plays a crucial role in the tolerance of Arabidopsis to oxidative stress induced by heavy metals such as Cu and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C Collin
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS-CEA-Université Aix-Marseille II, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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29
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Company R, Serafim A, Cosson RP, Fiala-Médioni A, Camus L, Colaço A, Serrão-Santos R, Bebianno MJ. Antioxidant biochemical responses to long-term copper exposure in Bathymodiolus azoricus from Menez-Gwen hydrothermal vent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 389:407-17. [PMID: 17904200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is essential to various physiological processes in marine organisms. However, at high concentrations this redox-active transition metal may enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently initiate oxidative damage. High concentrations of Cu may increase oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Bathymodiolus azoricus is a Mytilid bivalve very common in hydrothermal environments near the Azores Triple Junction continuously exposed to high metal concentrations, including Cu, emanating from the vent fluids. The knowledge of antioxidant defence system and other stress related biomarkers in these organisms is still scarce. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Cu (25 microg l(-1); 24 days exposure; 6 days depuration) on the antioxidant stress biomarkers in the gills and mantle of B. azoricus. The expression of stress related biomarkers was tissue-dependent and results suggest that other factors than metal exposure may influence stress biomarkers, since little variation in antioxidant enzymes activities, MT concentrations, LPO and total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) occurred in both control and Cu-exposed mussels. Moreover, there is a general tendency for these parameters to increase with time, in both control and Cu-exposed mussels, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is not metal dependent, and may be related with poor physiological conditions of the animals after long periods in adverse conditions compared to those in hydrothermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Company
- CIMA, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Shon MY, Park SK, Nam SH. Antioxidant Activity of Theaflavin and Thearubigin Separated from Korean Microbially Fermented Tea. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2007.12.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nirala SK, Bhadauria M, Mathur R, Mathur A. Amelioration of beryllium induced alterations in hepatorenal biochemistry and ultramorphology by co-administration of tiferron and adjuvants. J Biomed Sci 2007; 14:331-45. [PMID: 17278010 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-007-9147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Influence of adjuvants i.e., alpha-tocopherol (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and piperine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) on therapeutic potential of chelator tiferron (300 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated to encounter toxicogenic events of beryllium exposure. Albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate (1 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 28 days followed by treatment of aforesaid therapeutic agents for 5 consecutive days. Results were considered to be significant at p < or =0.01 and p < or =0.05. Exposure to beryllium increased its concentration in liver, kidney and serum causing significant alterations in the activity of CYP-450 2E1 system, microsomal lipid peroxidation and protein; alkaline phosphtase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, creatinine and urea in serum; activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase in liver and kidney. Beryllium exposure also induced severe alterations in histopathology and ultramorphology of liver and kidney proving its toxic consequences at cellular level. Tiferron along with adjuvants dramatically reversed alterations of all variables more towards control rather than individual treatment. Study concluded that tiferron in combination with alpha-tocopherol and piperine respectively was beneficial in diluting beryllium induced systemic toxicity; however, combination of tiferron and piperine presented more pronounced therapeutic potential.
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Abstract
We present a patient who developed multi-organ failure due to severe copper toxicity following attempted suicide by s.c. injection of copper glycinate. Acute copper toxicity is rare in the developed world, although it occurs more frequently in developing world countries, where it is a common mode of suicide. Acute toxicity usually results from oral ingestion and there are several local and systemic effects. Specific management can be difficult as there is little evidence regarding the efficacy of chelating agents in acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oon
- St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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di Palma A, Matarese G, Leone V, Di Matola T, Acquaviva F, Acquaviva AM, Ricchi P. Aspirin reduces the outcome of anticancer therapy in Meth A-bearing mice through activation of AKT-glycogen synthase kinase signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1318-24. [PMID: 16731765 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin displays, at millimolar concentrations, several mechanisms independent from its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenases. Occasionally, the mechanisms displayed in vitro have been clearly related to an effect of clinical relevance in vivo. An expanding literature has been focusing on the cytoprotective effect of aspirin in neurodegenerative disorders and the activation of AKT pathway in neuroprotection and induction of resistance to anticancer drugs. In this work, we tested the ability of aspirin to activate the AKT survival pathway in methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma cells (Meth A) transplanted into BALB/c nude mice and the clinical effect of aspirin cotreatment during etoposide (VP-16)-based anticancer therapy. We found that cotreatment with aspirin reduced VP-16-induced apoptosis and activated AKT in vitro and in vivo. In Meth A-bearing mice, aspirin administration also activated glycogen synthase kinase-3 and reduced the activity and the efficacy of anticancer therapy in VP-16 cotreated animals. Our data suggest that the antiapoptotic effect of aspirin operates in vivo through the activation of AKT-glycogen synthase kinase pathway causing a decrease in the outcome of VP-16-based therapy. These findings could have clinical relevance in treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella di Palma
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare L. Califano, Università Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Oh SH, Choi JE, Lim SC. Protection of betulin against cadmium-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Toxicology 2006; 220:1-12. [PMID: 16436312 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2005] [Revised: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protective effects of betulin (BT) against cadmium (Cd)-induced cytotoxicity have been previously reported. However, the mechanisms responsible for these protective effects are unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms responsible for the protection of BT against Cd-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cell lines. The protection of BT against Cd cytotoxicity was more effective in the HepG2 than in the Hep3B cells. The protection of BT on Cd-induced cytotoxicity in the HepG2 cells appeared to be related to the inhibition of apoptosis, as determined by PI staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. The anti-apoptosis exerted by BT involved the blocking of Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the abrogation of the Cd-induced Fas upregulation, the blocking of caspase-8-dependent Bid activation, and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial pathway. The BT pretreatment did not affect the p21 and p53 expression levels, when compared with those of the treated cells with Cd alone. BT induced the transient S phase arrest at an early stage and the G0/G1 arrest at a relatively late stage, but it did not observe the sub-G1 apoptotic peak. In the Hep3B cells, Cd did not induce ROS generation. The BT pretreatment partially inhibited the Cd-induced apoptosis, which was related with the incomplete blockage in caspase-9 or -3 activation, as well as in Bax activation. Taken together, it was found that Cd can induce apoptosis via the Fas-dependent and -independent apoptosis pathways. However, the observed protective effects of BT were clearly more sensitive to Fas-expressing HepG2 cells than to Fas-deficient Hep3B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hee Oh
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Mattie MD, Freedman JH. Copper-inducible transcription: regulation by metal- and oxidative stress-responsive pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 286:C293-301. [PMID: 14576086 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although copper is an essential metal, it is capable of catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species that can cause intracellular oxidative damage. We investigated the hypothesis that metal- and oxidative stress-responsive signal transduction pathways mediate the cellular and molecular responses associated with copper exposure. Transient transfection assays using COS-7 cells and mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) or rat NAD(P)H:oxidoreductase 1-based reporter genes demonstrate that copper activates transcription via metal and antioxidant response elements. Concomitant with copper exposures is a decrease in the level of total glutathione and an increase in oxidized glutathione. Depletion of glutathione, before copper exposure, increases metal- and oxidative stress-inducible transcription and cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with the reactive oxygen scavengers aspirin or vitamin E provides partial protection against copper toxicity and reduces inducible transcription. Experiments using signal transduction inhibitors and a metal transcription factor (MTF)-1 null cell line demonstrate that copper-inducible MT-I transcription is regulated by protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and requires MTF-1. The results of these studies indicate that copper activates transcription through both metal- and oxidative stress-responsive signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mattie
- Nicholas School of Environement and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA
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