1
|
Jiang H, Yu J, Yan Z, Lin Z, Lin M, Mao Y, Hong Z, Lin J, Xue X, Pan X. Pharmacological activation of the Nrf2 pathway by Taxifolin remodels articular cartilage microenvironment for the therapy of Osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110587. [PMID: 37399606 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widely prevalent degenerative disease marked by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Taxifolin (TAX) is a natural antioxidant possessing various pharmacological benefits, such as combating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and serves as a potential chemopreventive agent by regulating genes through an antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent mechanism. Currently, no studies have investigated the therapeutic impact and precise mechanism of TAX on OA. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine the potential role and mechanism of TAX in reshaping the cartilage microenvironment, thereby offering a stronger theoretical foundation for pharmacologically activating the Nrf2 pathway to manage OA. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The pharmacological effects of TAX were examined in chondrocytes through in vitro studies and in a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) rat model for in vivo analysis. RESULTS TAX suppresses IL-1β triggered secretion of inflammatory agents, chondrocyte apoptosis, and ECM degradation, contributing to the remodeling of the cartilage microenvironment. In vivo experiment results demonstrated that TAX counteracted cartilage degeneration induced by DMM in rats. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TAX hinders OA development by reducing NF-κB activation and ROS production through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis. CONCLUSION TAX reshapes the articular cartilage microenvironment by suppressing inflammation, mitigating apoptosis, and decreasing ECM degradation through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. As a result, pharmacological activation of the Nrf2 pathway by TAX holds potential clinical significance in remodeling the joint microenvironment for OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiachen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongnan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minghao Lin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zechao Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sappanone A Alleviated IL-1β-Induced Inflammation in OA Chondrocytes through Modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2380879. [PMID: 36157214 PMCID: PMC9507726 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2380879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of sappanone A on interleukin- (IL-) 1β-stimulated osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. Methods Chondrocytes were pretreated with sappanone A for 2 h before subsequent IL-1β stimulation. The mRNA expression levels of iNOs, COX-2, aggrecan, and collagen-II were measured with qRT-PCR. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-3, and MMP-13 were determined by ELISA. The protein levels of iNOs, COX-2, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, aggrecan, collagen-II, p-p65, p65, IκBα, Nrf2, and HO-1 were assessed by Western blot. Results Sappanone A inhibited the IL-1β-stimulated production of NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in OA chondrocytes. In addition, sappanone A suppressed the expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes. The degradation of ECM components was reversed by sappanone A. Sappanone A prevented NF-κB activation while enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 activation in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Conclusion Sappanone A may be a potent therapeutic agent for OA.
Collapse
|
3
|
Król M, Kupnicka P, Bosiacki M, Chlubek D. Mechanisms Underlying Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Properties of Stretching-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710127. [PMID: 36077525 PMCID: PMC9456560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretching is one of the popular elements in physiotherapy and rehabilitation. When correctly guided, it can help minimize or slow down the disabling effects of chronic health conditions. Most likely, the benefits are associated with reducing inflammation; recent studies demonstrate that this effect from stretching is not just systemic but also local. In this review, we present the current body of knowledge on the anti-inflammatory properties of stretching at a molecular level. A total of 22 papers, focusing on anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of stretching, have been selected and reviewed. We show the regulation of oxidative stress, the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes and mediators, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, expressed by changes in collagen and matrix metalloproteinases levels, in tissues subjected to stretching. We point out that a better understanding of the anti-inflammatory properties of stretching may result in increasing its importance in treatment and recovery from diseases such as osteoarthritis, systemic sclerosis, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Król
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Chair and Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Restoration of the Phenotype of Dedifferentiated Rabbit Chondrocytes by Sesquiterpene Farnesol. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010186. [PMID: 35057081 PMCID: PMC8779926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. The phenotype and metabolism behavior of chondrocytes plays crucial roles in maintaining articular cartilage function. Chondrocytes dedifferentiate and lose their cartilage phenotype after successive subcultures or inflammation and synthesize collagen I and X (COL I and COL X). Farnesol, a sesquiterpene compound, has an anti-inflammatory effect and promotes collagen synthesis. However, its potent restoration effects on differentiated chondrocytes have seldom been evaluated. The presented study investigated farnesol's effect on phenotype restoration by examining collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis from dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The results indicated that chondrocytes gradually dedifferentiated through cellular morphology change, reduced expressions of COL II and SOX9, increased the expression of COL X and diminished GAG synthesis during four passages of subcultures. Pure farnesol and hyaluronan-encapsulated farnesol nanoparticles promote COL II synthesis. GAG synthesis significantly increased 2.5-fold after a farnesol treatment of dedifferentiated chondrocytes, indicating the restoration of chondrocyte functions. In addition, farnesol drastically increased the synthesis of COL II (2.5-fold) and GAG (15-fold) on interleukin-1β-induced dedifferentiated chondrocytes. A significant reduction of COL I, COL X and proinflammatory cytokine prostaglandin E2 was observed. In summary, farnesol may serve as a therapeutic agent in OA treatment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Davis S, Roldo M, Blunn G, Tozzi G, Roncada T. Influence of the Mechanical Environment on the Regeneration of Osteochondral Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:603408. [PMID: 33585430 PMCID: PMC7873466 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.603408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a highly specialised connective tissue of diarthrodial joints which provides a smooth, lubricated surface for joint articulation and plays a crucial role in the transmission of loads. In vivo cartilage is subjected to mechanical stimuli that are essential for cartilage development and the maintenance of a chondrocytic phenotype. Cartilage damage caused by traumatic injuries, ageing, or degradative diseases leads to impaired loading resistance and progressive degeneration of both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Since the tissue has limited self-repairing capacity due its avascular nature, restoration of its mechanical properties is still a major challenge. Tissue engineering techniques have the potential to heal osteochondral defects using a combination of stem cells, growth factors, and biomaterials that could produce a biomechanically functional tissue, representative of native hyaline cartilage. However, current clinical approaches fail to repair full-thickness defects that include the underlying subchondral bone. Moreover, when tested in vivo, current tissue-engineered grafts show limited capacity to regenerate the damaged tissue due to poor integration with host cartilage and the failure to retain structural integrity after insertion, resulting in reduced mechanical function. The aim of this review is to examine the optimal characteristics of osteochondral scaffolds. Additionally, an overview on the latest biomaterials potentially able to replicate the natural mechanical environment of articular cartilage and their role in maintaining mechanical cues to drive chondrogenesis will be detailed, as well as the overall mechanical performance of grafts engineered using different technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Roldo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Tosca Roncada
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu S, Meng H, Inamdar S, Das B, Gupta H, Wang W, Thompson CL, Knight MM. Activation of TRPV4 by mechanical, osmotic or pharmaceutical stimulation is anti-inflammatory blocking IL-1β mediated articular cartilage matrix destruction. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:89-99. [PMID: 33395574 PMCID: PMC7799379 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage health is maintained in response to a range of mechanical stimuli including compressive, shear and tensile strains and associated alterations in osmolality. The osmotic-sensitive ion channel Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is required for mechanotransduction. Mechanical stimuli inhibit interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mediated inflammatory signalling, however the mechanism is unclear. This study aims to clarify the role of TRPV4 in this response. DESIGN TRPV4 activity was modulated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK205 antagonist or GSK1016790 A (GSK101) agonist) in articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants in the presence or absence of IL-1β, mechanical (10% cyclic tensile strain (CTS), 0.33 Hz, 24hrs) or osmotic loading (200mOsm, 24hrs). Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) release and cartilage biomechanics were analysed. Alterations in post-translational tubulin modifications and primary cilia length regulation were examined. RESULTS In isolated chondrocytes, mechanical loading inhibited IL-1β mediated NO and PGE2 release. This response was inhibited by GSK205. Similarly, osmotic loading was anti-inflammatory in cells and explants, this response was abrogated by TRPV4 inhibition. In explants, GSK101 inhibited IL-1β mediated NO release and prevented cartilage degradation and loss of mechanical properties. Upon activation, TRPV4 cilia localisation was increased resulting in histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-dependent modulation of soluble tubulin and altered cilia length regulation. CONCLUSION Mechanical, osmotic or pharmaceutical activation of TRPV4 regulates HDAC6-dependent modulation of ciliary tubulin and is anti-inflammatory. This study reveals for the first time, the potential of TRPV4 manipulation as a novel therapeutic mechanism to supress pro-inflammatory signalling and cartilage degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fu
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - H Meng
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - S Inamdar
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - B Das
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - H Gupta
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - W Wang
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - C L Thompson
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - M M Knight
- Centre for Predictive In Vitro Models, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan C, Zhang J, Chen W, Feng F, Yu C, Lu X, Lin R, Li Z, Huang Y, Zheng L, Huang M, Wu G. Inflammatory cytokines via up-regulation of aquaporins deteriorated the pathogenesis of early osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220846. [PMID: 31404098 PMCID: PMC6690536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines enhanced the progress of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, however the mechanisms remain unclear. The objective is to determine aquaporins (AQPs) in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS AND FINDINGS Primary rat articular chondrocytes were treated with IL-1β to mimic the early stage of osteoarthritis in vitro. Early osteoarthritis animal model was established by intra-articular injection of 4% papain. Micro- or ultra-structure histopathologic changes, cell viability, apoptosis cells and cell membrane permeability, locations and expressions of AQP1 and AQP3 and matrix were detected in the cartilage or in the chondrocytes of knee. IL-1β could reduce the chondrocytes viability, increase the apoptosis cells, and also impair the cell membrane and organelles. IL-1β significantly induced the up-regulation of AQP1 and AQP3 in the chondrocytes. In the chondrocytes, AQPs were mainly clustered in both membrane and perinuclear region of cytoplasm, while higher AQPs were detected in the superficial and middle layers of the cartilage. With the up-regulation of AQPs, the cartilage matrix was considerably decreased in both the chondrocytes and in the osteoarthritis cartilage. In the early osteoarthritis rat model, serum and synovial fluid confirmed that higher IL-1β could increase the expressions of AQPs, and decrease the cartilage matrix in both the chondrocytes and the cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory cytokine IL-1β via up-regulation of AQPs caused the abnormal metabolism of water transport and loss of the cartilage matrix in the chondrocytes, and ultimately exacerbated the pathogenesis of early osteoarthritis. Therefore, AQPs may be a candidate therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Tan
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The First Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenlie Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Pharmacology (Cell Structure and Function), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fangfang Feng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruhui Lin
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Pharmacology (Cell Structure and Function), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunmei Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Pharmacology (Cell Structure and Function), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liangpu Zheng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meiya Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Pharmacology (Cell Structure and Function), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guangwen Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Pharmacology (Cell Structure and Function), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu S, Thompson C, Ali A, Wang W, Chapple J, Mitchison H, Beales P, Wann A, Knight M. Mechanical loading inhibits cartilage inflammatory signalling via an HDAC6 and IFT-dependent mechanism regulating primary cilia elongation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1064-1074. [PMID: 30922983 PMCID: PMC6593179 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physiological mechanical loading reduces inflammatory signalling in numerous cell types including articular chondrocytes however the mechanism responsible remains unclear. This study investigates the role of chondrocyte primary cilia and associated intraflagellar transport (IFT) in the mechanical regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signalling. DESIGN Isolated chondrocytes and cartilage explants were subjected to cyclic mechanical loading in the presence and absence of the cytokine IL-1β. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were used to monitor IL-1β signalling whilst Sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) release provided measurement of cartilage degradation. Measurements were made of HDAC6 activity and tubulin polymerisation and acetylation. Effects on primary cilia were monitored by confocal and super resolution microscopy. Involvement of IFT was analysed using ORPK cells with hypomorphic mutation of IFT88. RESULTS Mechanical loading suppressed NO and PGE2 release and prevented cartilage degradation. Loading activated HDAC6 and disrupted tubulin acetylation and cilia elongation induced by IL-1β. HDAC6 inhibition with tubacin blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of loading and restored tubulin acetylation and cilia elongation. Hypomorphic mutation of IFT88 reduced IL-1β signalling and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of loading indicating the mechanism is IFT-dependent. Loading reduced the pool of non-polymerised tubulin which was replicated by taxol which also mimicked the anti-inflammatory effects of mechanical loading and prevented cilia elongation. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that mechanical loading suppresses inflammatory signalling, partially dependent on IFT, by activation of HDAC6 and post transcriptional modulation of tubulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fu
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - C.L. Thompson
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: C. L. Thompson, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. Tel: 44-20-7882-3603.
| | - A. Ali
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - W. Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - J.P. Chapple
- Department of Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - H.M. Mitchison
- Institute of Child Health, University College of London, UK
| | - P.L. Beales
- Institute of Child Health, University College of London, UK
| | - A.K.T. Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - M.M. Knight
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen K, Lv ZT, Zhou CH, Liang S, Huang W, Wang ZG, Zhu WT, Wang YT, Jing XZ, Lin H, Guo FJ, Cheng P, Chen AM. Peimine suppresses interleukin‑1β‑induced inflammation via MAPK downregulation in chondrocytes. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2241-2251. [PMID: 30896805 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of degenerative joint disease and secreted inflammatory molecules serve a pivotal role in it. Peimine has been reported to have anti‑inflammatory activity. In order to investigate the potential therapeutic role of Peimine in OA, mouse articular chondrocytes were treated with IL‑1β and different doses of Peimine in vitro. The data revealed that Peimine not only suppressed IL‑1β‑induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, but also reduced the protein levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2). In addition, Peimine inhibited the IL‑1β‑induced mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑1, MMP‑3, MMP‑9, MMP‑13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)‑4 and ADAMTS‑5. Furthermore, Peimine inhibited IL‑1β‑induced activation of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The protective effect of Peimine on IL‑1β‑treated chondrocytes was attenuated following activation of the MAPK pathway, as demonstrated by the increased expression levels of MMP‑3, MMP‑13, ADAMTS‑5, iNOS and COX‑2 compared with the Peimine group. The in vivo data suggested that Peimine limited the development of OA in the mouse model. In general, the data indicate that Peimine suppresses IL‑1β‑induced inflammation in mouse chondrocytes by inhibiting the MAPK pathway, suggesting a promising therapeutic role for Peimine in the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chen-He Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Zhi Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - An-Min Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen M, Guo W, Gao S, Hao C, Shen S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li X, Jing X, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Peng J, Wang A, Wang Y, Sui X, Liu S, Guo Q. Biomechanical Stimulus Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:392-402. [PMID: 29897012 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Meniscus injuries are very common in the knee joint. Treating a damaged meniscus continues to be a scientific challenge in sport medicine because of its poor self-healing potential and few clinical therapeutic options. Tissue engineering strategies are very promising solutions for repairing and regenerating a damaged meniscus. Meniscus is exposed to a complex biomechanical microenvironment, and it plays a crucial role in meniscal development, growth, and repairing. Over the past decades, increasing attention has been focused on the use of biomechanical stimulus to enhance biomechanical properties of the engineered meniscus. Further understanding the influence of mechanical stimulation on cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, relevant gene expression, and pro/anti-inflammatory responses may be beneficial to enhance meniscal repair and regeneration. On the one hand, this review describes some basic information about meniscus; on the other hand, we sum up the various biomechanical stimulus based strategies applied in meniscus tissue engineering and how these factors affect meniscal regeneration. We hope this review will provide researchers with inspiration on tissue engineering strategies for meniscus regeneration in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Chen
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, 100035 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Guo
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunag Gao
- 3 Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- 4 Institute of Anesthesiology , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Shen
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,5 Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengzeng Zhang
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,6 First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University , Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Wang
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,7 School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Jing
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,6 First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University , Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,8 Shanxi Traditional Chinese Hospital , Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Peng
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Sui
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- 1 Institute of Orthopedics , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Z, Lang Y, Li L, Liang Z, Deng Y, Fang R, Meng Q. Effect of emodin on chondrocyte viability in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5384-5389. [PMID: 30542499 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is an anthraquinone isolated from the Chinese herb Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and has been used to treat various diseases for centuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of emodin on the inflammatory mediators in rat chondrocytes. In the present study, chondrocytes were isolated from rats, cultured and harvested when they reached generation P3. Cells were treated with different doses of emodin (10, 20, and 30 µg/ml) followed by interleukin 1β (IL-1β, 10 ng/ml). Control cells were either untreated or treated with IL-1β alone. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain was performed to measure levels of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-3 and -13 mRNA. The expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, extracellular-signal regulatory kinase (ERK)1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and β-catenin proteins were detected by western-blot analysis. The results demonstrated that treatment with emodin treatment reduced the cytotoxicity of IL-1β and inhibited the expression of NO and PGE2 in rat chondrocytes. Furthermore, emodin inhibited the expression of MMP3 and MMP13, and the phosphorylation of various proteins involved in the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Therefore, emodin is able to promote the proliferation of chondrocytes by inhibiting the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and downregulating the expression of a series of inflammatory mediators in chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo D, Shen Y, Lyu JQ, Fan YQ, Huang DH, Lin WL, Shen HM, Xu HJ, Guan JL. Effect of Mechanical Stress in Combination with Verapamil on Levels of Aggrecan and ADAMTS-5 mRNAs and Proteins in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocyte/Agarose Constructs. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2229-2231. [PMID: 30203799 PMCID: PMC6144857 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.240800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong-Qian Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dong-Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei-Long Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hai-Min Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hu-Ji Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jian-Long Guan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thymoquinone Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammation in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2016; 38:2235-41. [PMID: 26156811 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone, an active ingredient isolated from Nigella sativa, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of thymoquinone on IL-1β-stimulated osteoarthritis chondrocytes remains unclear. In this study, we designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and elucidated the underlying mechanism of thymoquinone on IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. The effects of thymoquinone on inflammatory mediators COX-2, iNOS, NO, PGE2, as well as MMP-1, MMP3, MMP13 production were detected. The results demonstrated that thymoquinone concentration-dependently inhibited IL-1β-induced COX-2, iNOS, NO, and PGE2 production. Thymoquinone also suppressed IL-1β-induced MMP-1, MMP3, and MMP13 production. We found that thymoquinone significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and IκBα degradation. In addition, thymoquinone was found to suppress IL-1β-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation. In conclusion, thymoquinone inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammatory mediator production by inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Thymoquinone may be a potential agent in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Thompson CL, Patel R, Kelly TAN, Wann AKT, Hung CT, Chapple JP, Knight MM. Hedgehog signalling does not stimulate cartilage catabolism and is inhibited by Interleukin-1β. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:373. [PMID: 26705100 PMCID: PMC4718026 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In osteoarthritis, chondrocytes adopt an abnormal hypertrophic morphology and upregulate the expression of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5. The activation of the hedgehog signalling pathway has been established in osteoarthritis and is thought to influence both of these processes. However, the role of this pathway in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis is unclear as previous studies have been unable to isolate the effects of hedgehog pathway activation from other pathological processes. In this study we test the hypothesis that hedgehog pathway activation causes cartilage degradation in healthy cartilage and in an in vitro model of inflammatory arthritis. Methods Isolated articular chondrocytes from the bovine metacarpal-phalangeal joint were stimulated for up to 24 hours with the agonist, recombinant Indian hedgehog (r-Ihh). ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13 gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. In addition, healthy bovine cartilage explants were treated with r-Ihh or the hedgehog antagonist, cyclopamine, and sGAG release into the media was measured over 72 hours. Studies were repeated using chondrocytes and cartilage explants from human knee joint. Finally, studies were conducted to determine the effect of hedgehog pathway activation on matrix catabolism in the presence of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β. Results Addition of r-Ihh activated hedgehog signalling, confirmed by upregulation of Gli1 and Ptch1 expression, but did not increase ADAMTS-5 or MMP-13 expression in bovine or human chondrocytes. Furthermore, r-Ihh did not induce sGAG release in healthy bovine or human cartilage explants. IL-1β treatment induced sGAG release, but this response was not altered by the stimulation or inhibition of hedgehog signalling. Hedgehog pathway activation was downregulated by IL-1β. Conversely, r-Ihh weakly suppressed IL-1β-induced ADAMTS-5 expression. Conclusion Our results show for the first time that Indian hedgehog does not cause extracellular matrix degradation in healthy ex vivo cartilage or in the presence of IL-1β and that IL-1β downregulates Indian hedgehog induced signalling. Thus, we suggest reported hedgehog induced matrix catabolism in osteoarthritis must be due to its interaction with pathological factors other than IL-1β. Hence, hedgehog signalling and its downstream effects are highly context-dependent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0891-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Thompson
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Riana Patel
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Terri-Ann N Kelly
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Angus K T Wann
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. .,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J Paul Chapple
- Center for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Martin M Knight
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thompson CL, Wiles A, Poole CA, Knight MM. Lithium chloride modulates chondrocyte primary cilia and inhibits Hedgehog signaling. FASEB J 2015; 30:716-26. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L. Thompson
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Wiles
- Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | | - Martin M. Knight
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thompson CL, Yasmin H, Varone A, Wiles A, Poole CA, Knight MM. Lithium chloride prevents interleukin-1β induced cartilage degradation and loss of mechanical properties. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1552-9. [PMID: 26174175 PMCID: PMC4973828 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease that affects the articular cartilage. Recent studies have demonstrated that lithium chloride exhibits significant efficacy as a chondroprotective agent, blocking cartilage degradation in response to inflammatory cytokines. However, conflicting literature suggests lithium may affect the physicochemical properties of articular cartilage and thus long-term exposure may negatively affect the mechanical functionality of this tissue. This study aims to investigate the effect of lithium chloride on the biomechanical properties of healthy and interleukin-1β treated cartilage in vitro and examines the consequences of long-term exposure to lithium on cartilage health in vivo. Bovine cartilage explants were treated with lithium chloride for 12 days. Chondrocyte viability, matrix catabolism and the biomechanical properties of bovine cartilage explants were not significantly altered following treatment. Consistent with these findings, long term-exposure (9 months) to dietary lithium did not induce osteoarthritis in rats, as determined by histological staining. Moreover, lithium chloride did not induce the expression of catabolic enzymes in human articular chondrocytes. In an inflammatory model of cartilage destruction, lithium chloride blocked interleukin-1β signaling in the form of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 release and prevented matrix catabolism such that the loss of mechanical integrity observed with interleukin-1β alone was inhibited. This study provides further support for lithium chloride as a novel compound for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L. Thompson
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Habiba Yasmin
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Varone
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Wiles
- Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | | - Martin M. Knight
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries and degenerative joint diseases are responsible for progressive pain and disability in millions of people worldwide, yet there is currently no treatment available to restore full joint functionality. As the tissue functions under mechanical load, an understanding of the physiologic or pathologic effects of biomechanical factors on cartilage physiology is of particular interest. Here, we highlight studies that have measured cartilage deformation at scales ranging from the macroscale to the microscale, as well as the responses of the resident cartilage cells, chondrocytes, to mechanical loading using in vitro and in vivo approaches. From these studies, it is clear that there exists a complex interplay among mechanical, inflammatory, and biochemical factors that can either support or inhibit cartilage matrix homeostasis under normal or pathologic conditions. Understanding these interactions is an important step toward developing tissue engineering approaches and therapeutic interventions for cartilage pathologies, such as osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Peake NJ, Pavlov AM, D’Souza A, Pingguan-Murphy B, Sukhorukov GB, Hobbs AJ, Chowdhury TT. Controlled Release of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide by Microencapsulation Dampens Proinflammatory Effects Induced by IL-1β in Cartilage Explants. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:524-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501575w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick J. Peake
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Anton M. Pavlov
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Saratov State University, 83
Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Alveena D’Souza
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Hobbs
- William
Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine
and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse
Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tina T. Chowdhury
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chowdhury B, David AL, Thrasivoulou C, Becker DL, Bader DL, Chowdhury TT. Tensile strain increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 release leading to weakening of the human amniotic membrane. Placenta 2014; 35:1057-64. [PMID: 25280972 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence that premature rupture of the fetal membrane at term/preterm is a result of stretch and tissue weakening due to enhanced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. However, the effect of tensile strain on inflammatory mediators and the stretch sensitive protein connexin-43 (Cx43) has not been examined. We determined whether the inflammatory environment influenced tissue composition and response of the tissue to tensile strain. METHODS Human amniotic membranes isolated from the cervix (CAM) or placenta regions (PAM) were examined by second harmonic generation to identify collagen orientation and subjected to tensile testing to failure. In separate experiments, specimens were subjected to cyclic tensile strain (2%, 1 Hz) for 24 h. Specimens were examined for Cx43 by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and expression of COX-2 and Cx43 by RT-qPCR. PGE2, collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels were analysed by biochemical assay. RESULTS Values for tensile strength were significantly higher in PAM than CAM with mechanical parameters dependent on collagen orientation. Gene expression for Cx43 and COX-2 was enhanced by tensile strain leading to increased PGE2 release and GAG levels in PAM and CAM when compared to unstrained controls. In contrast, collagen and elastin content was reduced by tensile strain in PAM and CAM. DISCUSSION Fibre orientation has a significant effect on amniotic strength. Tensile strain increased Cx43/COX-2 expression and PGE2 release resulting in tissue softening mediated by enhanced GAG levels and a reduction in collagen/elastin content. CONCLUSION A combination of inflammatory and mechanical factors may disrupt amniotic membrane biomechanics and matrix composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Chowdhury
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - A L David
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - C Thrasivoulou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D L Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11, Mandalay Road, Singapore
| | - D L Bader
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - T T Chowdhury
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thompson C, Chapple J, Knight M. Primary cilia disassembly down-regulates mechanosensitive hedgehog signalling: a feedback mechanism controlling ADAMTS-5 expression in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:490-8. [PMID: 24457103 PMCID: PMC3988976 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hedgehog signalling is mediated by the primary cilium and promotes cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. Primary cilia are influenced by pathological stimuli and cilia length and prevalence are increased in osteoarthritic cartilage. This study aims to investigate the relationship between mechanical loading, hedgehog signalling and cilia disassembly in articular chondrocytes. METHODS Primary bovine articular chondrocytes were subjected to cyclic tensile strain (CTS; 0.33 Hz, 10% or 20% strain). Hedgehog pathway activation (Ptch1, Gli1) and A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5) expression were assessed by real-time PCR. A chondrocyte cell line generated from the Tg737(ORPK) mouse was used to investigate the role of the cilium in this response. Cilia length and prevalence were quantified by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Mechanical strain upregulates Indian hedgehog expression and activates hedgehog signalling. Ptch1, Gli1 and ADAMTS-5 expression were increased following 10% CTS, but not 20% CTS. Pathway activation requires a functioning primary cilium and is not observed in Tg737(ORPK) cells lacking cilia. Mechanical loading significantly reduced cilium length such that cilia became progressively shorter with increasing strain magnitude. Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a tubulin deacetylase, prevented cilia disassembly and restored mechanosensitive hedgehog signalling and ADAMTS-5 expression at 20% CTS. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that mechanical loading activates primary cilia-mediated hedgehog signalling and ADAMTS-5 expression in adult articular chondrocytes, but that this response is lost at high strains due to HDAC6-mediated cilia disassembly. The study provides new mechanistic insight into the role of primary cilia and mechanical loading in articular cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Thompson
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: C.L. Thompson, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK. Tel: 44-(0)-20-7882-9307.
| | - J.P. Chapple
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M.M. Knight
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parker E, Vessillier S, Pingguan-Murphy B, Abas W, Bader DL, Chowdhury TT. Low oxygen tension increased fibronectin fragment induced catabolic activities--response prevented with biomechanical signals. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R163. [PMID: 24286132 PMCID: PMC3978917 DOI: 10.1186/ar4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The inherent low oxygen tension in normal cartilage has implications on inflammatory conditions associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Biomechanical signals will additionally contribute to changes in tissue remodelling and influence the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of oxygen tension and fibronectin fragment (FN-f) on the inflammatory response of chondrocytes subjected to biomechanical signals. Methods Chondrocytes were cultured under free-swelling conditions at 1%, 5% and 21% oxygen tension or subjected to dynamic compression in an ex vivo 3D/bioreactor model with 29 kDa FN-f, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and/or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor for 6 and 48 hours. Markers for catabolic activity (NO, PGE2), tissue remodelling (GAG, MMPs) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) were quantified by biochemical assay. Aggrecan, collagen type II, iNOS and COX-2 gene expression were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Two-way ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test were used to analyse data. Results Both FN-fs and IL-1β increased NO, PGE2 and MMP production (all P < 0.001). FN-f was more active than IL-1β with greater levels of NO observed at 5% than 1% or 21% oxygen tension (P < 0.001). Whilst FN-f reduced GAG synthesis at all oxygen tension, the effect of IL-1β was significant at 1% oxygen tension. In unstrained constructs, treatment with FN-f or IL-1β increased iNOS and COX-2 expression and reduced aggrecan and collagen type II (all P < 0.001). In unstrained constructs, FN-f was more effective than IL-1β at 5% oxygen tension and increased production of NO, PGE2, MMP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα. At 5% and 21% oxygen tension, co-stimulation with compression and the NOS inhibitor abolished fragment or cytokine-induced catabolic activities and restored anabolic response. Conclusions The present findings revealed that FN-fs are more potent than IL-1β in exerting catabolic effects dependent on oxygen tension via iNOS and COX-2 upregulation. Stimulation with biomechanical signals abolished catabolic activities in an oxygen-independent manner and NOS inhibitors supported loading-induced recovery resulting in reparative activities. Future investigations will utilize the ex vivo model as a tool to identify key targets and therapeutics for OA treatments.
Collapse
|
22
|
Peake N, Su N, Ramachandran M, Achan P, Salter DM, Bader DL, Moyes AJ, Hobbs AJ, Chowdhury TT. Natriuretic peptide receptors regulate cytoprotective effects in a human ex vivo 3D/bioreactor model. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R76. [PMID: 23883591 PMCID: PMC3978875 DOI: 10.1186/ar4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examined the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and biomechanical signals on anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. METHODS Natriuretic peptide (Npr) 2 and 3 expression were compared in non-diseased (grade 0/1) and diseased (grade IV) human cartilage by immunofluoresence microscopy and western blotting. In separate experiments, constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions or subjected to dynamic compression with CNP, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the Npr2 antagonist P19 or the Npr3 agonist cANF⁴⁻²³. Nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) release, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and CNP concentration were quantified using biochemical assays. Gene expression of Npr2, Npr3, CNP, aggrecan and collagen type II were assessed by real-time qPCR. Two-way ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The present study demonstrates increased expression of natriuretic peptide receptors in diseased or older cartilage (age 70) when compared to non-diseased tissue (age 60) which showed minimal expression. There was strong parallelism in the actions of CNP on cGMP induction resulting in enhanced GAG synthesis and reduction of NO and PGE₂ release induced by IL-1β. Inhibition of Npr2 with P19 maintained catabolic activities whilst specific agonism of Npr3 with cANF⁴⁻²³ had the opposite effect and reduced NO and PGE₂ release. Co-stimulation with CNP and dynamic compression enhanced anabolic activities and inhibited catabolic effects induced by IL-1β. The presence of CNP and the Npr2 antagonist abolished the anabolic response to mechanical loading and prevented loading-induced inhibition of NO and PGE₂ release. In contrast, the presence of the Npr3 agonist had the opposite effect and increased GAG synthesis and cGMP levels in response to mechanical loading and reduced NO and PGE₂ release comparable to control samples. In addition, CNP concentration and natriuretic peptide receptor expression were increased with dynamic compression. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical loading mediates endogenous CNP release leading to increased natriuretic peptide signalling. The loading-induced CNP/Npr2/cGMP signalling route mediates anabolic events and prevents catabolic activities induced by IL-1β. The CNP pathway therefore represents a potentially chondroprotective intervention for patients with OA, particularly when combined with physiotherapeutic approaches to stimulate biomechanical signals.
Collapse
|
23
|
Duda GN, Eniwumide JO, Sittinger M. Constraints to Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
24
|
Mesallati T, Buckley CT, Nagel T, Kelly DJ. Scaffold architecture determines chondrocyte response to externally applied dynamic compression. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2012; 12:889-99. [PMID: 23160843 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-012-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear how specific mechanical signals generated by applied dynamic compression (DC) regulate chondrocyte biosynthetic activity. It has previously been suggested that DC-induced interstitial fluid flow positively impacts cartilage-specific matrix production. Modifying fluid flow within dynamically compressed hydrogels therefore represents a promising approach to controlling chondrocyte behavior, which could potentially be achieved by changing the construct architecture. The objective of this study was to first determine the influence of construct architecture on the mechanical environment within dynamically compressed agarose hydrogels using finite element (FE) modeling and to then investigate how chondrocytes would respond to this altered environment. To modify construct architecture, an array of channels was introduced into the hydrogels. Increased magnitudes of fluid flow were predicted in the periphery of dynamically compressed solid hydrogels and also around the channels in the dynamically compressed channeled hydrogels. DC was found to significantly increase sGAG synthesis in solid constructs, which could be attributed at least in part to an increase in DNA. DC was also found to preferentially increase collagen accumulation in regions of solid and channeled constructs where FE modeling predicted higher levels of fluid flow, suggesting that this stimulus is important for promoting collagen production by chondrocytes embedded in agarose gels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates how the architecture of cell-seeded scaffolds or hydrogels can be modified to alter the spatial levels of biophysical cues throughout the construct, leading to greater collagen accumulation throughout the engineered tissue rather than preferentially in the construct periphery. This system also provides a novel approach to investigate how chondrocytes respond to altered levels of biophysical stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Mesallati
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wann AKT, Knight MM. Primary cilia elongation in response to interleukin-1 mediates the inflammatory response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2967-77. [PMID: 22481441 PMCID: PMC3417094 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are singular, cytoskeletal organelles present in the majority of mammalian cell types where they function as coordinating centres for mechanotransduction, Wnt and hedgehog signalling. The length of the primary cilium is proposed to modulate cilia function, governed in part by the activity of intraflagellar transport (IFT). In articular cartilage, primary cilia length is increased and hedgehog signaling activated in osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examine primary cilia length with exposure to the quintessential inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), which is up-regulated in OA. We then test the hypothesis that the cilium is involved in mediating the downstream inflammatory response. Primary chondrocytes treated with IL-1 exhibited a 50 % increase in cilia length after 3 h exposure. IL-1-induced cilia elongation was also observed in human fibroblasts. In chondrocytes, this elongation occurred via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism. G-protein coupled adenylate cyclase also regulated the length of chondrocyte primary cilia but not downstream of IL-1. Chondrocytes treated with IL-1 exhibit a characteristic increase in the release of the inflammatory chemokines, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. However, in cells with a mutation in IFT88 whereby the cilia structure is lost, this response to IL-1 was significantly attenuated and, in the case of nitric oxide, completely abolished. Inhibition of IL-1-induced cilia elongation by PKA inhibition also attenuated the chemokine response. These results suggest that cilia assembly regulates the response to inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the cilia proteome may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies, including OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K T Wann
- Biomedical Engineering, 2nd Floor Cell and Tissue Laboratories, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yan Y, Singh GK, Zhang F, Wang P, Liu W, Zhong L, Yang L. Comparative study of normal and rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferation under cyclic mechanical stretch: role of prostaglandin E2. Connect Tissue Res 2011; 53:246-54. [PMID: 22149896 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2011.632828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are one of the main contributors of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the hyperplastic synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/PGE(2) pathway is involved in the proliferation of several cell types. We have previously shown that mechanical stretch affects COX-2 and PGE(2) production in human RA FLSs; however, its role in cell proliferation remains to be elucidated. In this study, a comparison is drawn between human RA and normal FLSs to understand the role of mechanical stretch and PGE(2) on the proliferation of FLSs. The results showed that physiological level (6%, 1 Hz) of cyclic mechanical stretch significantly decreased the proliferation of RA FLSs but not normal FLSs, while the induction of apoptosis was not observed by stretch in either RA or normal FLSs. IL-1β (5 ng/ml)-induced COX-2/PGE(2) levels are downregulated by stretch in RA FLSs only. Further investigation showed that high concentration (100 and 500 ng/ml) of PGE(2) significantly induced cell proliferation only in RA FLSs, and this induction failed to be suppressed by stretch. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that elevated levels of PGE(2) in the synovial cavity are involved in the proliferation of RA FLSs, and cyclic mechanical stretch regulates the RA synovial hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Biomechanical influence of cartilage homeostasis in health and disease. ARTHRITIS 2011; 2011:979032. [PMID: 22046527 PMCID: PMC3196252 DOI: 10.1155/2011/979032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent demand for long term solutions to improve osteoarthritis treatments in the ageing population. There are drugs that control the pain but none that stop the progression of the disease in a safe and efficient way. Increased intervention efforts, augmented by early diagnosis and integrated biophysical therapies are therefore needed. Unfortunately, progress has been hampered due to the wide variety of experimental models which examine the effect of mechanical stimuli and inflammatory mediators on signal transduction pathways. Our understanding of the early mechanopathophysiology is poor, particularly the way in which mechanical stimuli influences cell function and regulates matrix synthesis. This makes it difficult to identify reliable targets and design new therapies. In addition, the effect of mechanical loading on matrix turnover is dependent on the nature of the mechanical stimulus. Accumulating evidence suggests that moderate mechanical loading helps to maintain cartilage integrity with a low turnover of matrix constituents. In contrast, nonphysiological mechanical signals are associated with increased cartilage damage and degenerative changes. This review will discuss the pathways regulated by compressive loading regimes and inflammatory signals in animal and in vitro 3D models. Identification of the chondroprotective pathways will reveal novel targets for osteoarthritis treatments.
Collapse
|
28
|
Biomechanical signals and the C-type natriuretic peptide counteract catabolic activities induced by IL-1β in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R145. [PMID: 21914170 PMCID: PMC3308073 DOI: 10.1186/ar3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study examined the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on the anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs subjected to dynamic compression. Methods Constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions or subjected to dynamic compression with low (0.1 to 100 pM) or high concentrations (1 to 1,000 nM) of CNP, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and/or KT-5823 (inhibits cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase II (PKGII)). Anabolic and catabolic activities were assessed as follows: nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, and [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation were quantified by using biochemical assays. Gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), aggrecan, and collagen type II were assessed with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Two-way ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t tests were used to examine data. Results CNP reduced NO and PGE2 release and partially restored [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation in constructs cultured with IL-1β. The response was dependent on the concentration of CNP, such that 100 pM increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation (P < 0.001). This is in contrast to 35SO4 incorporation, which was enhanced with 100 or 1000 nM CNP in the presence and absence of IL-1β (P < 0.001). Stimulation by both dynamic compression and CNP and/or the PKGII inhibitor further reduced NO and PGE2 release and restored [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation. In the presence and absence of IL-1β, the magnitude of stimulation for [3H]-thymidine and 35SO4 incorporation by dynamic compression was dependent on the concentration of CNP and the response was inhibited with the PKGII inhibitor. In addition, stimulation by CNP and/or dynamic compression reduced IL-1β-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression and restored aggrecan and collagen type II expression. The catabolic response was not further influenced with the PKGII inhibitor in IL-1β-treated constructs. Conclusions Treatment with CNP and dynamic compression increased anabolic activities and blocked catabolic effects induced by IL-1β. The anabolic response was PKGII mediated and raises important questions about the molecular mechanisms of CNP with mechanical signals in cartilage. Therapeutic agents like CNP could be administered in conjunction with controlled exercise therapy to slow the OA disease progression and to repair damaged cartilage. The findings from this research provide the potential for developing novel agents to slow the pathophysiologic mechanisms and to treat OA in the young and old.
Collapse
|
29
|
Constraints to Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
30
|
Lee DA, Brand J, Salter D, Akanji OO, Chowdhury TT. Quantification of mRNA using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of MAPK events in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 695:77-97. [PMID: 21042967 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-984-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of chondrocyte mechanobiology have been used to compare the intracellular signalling pathways altered in normal and osteoarthritis-affected cartilage. However, differences in the model system and type of loading configuration have led to complicated pathways. This chapter is a follow-on of previous studies from our group utilising 3D agarose as a physiological model to study mechanotransduction pathways. Experimental methods are described to assess targets at the protein and gene expression level by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR, respectively. This chapter provides a quantitative gene expression approach to explore the intracellular pathways activated by both mechanical loading and inflammatory mediators and examine upstream phosphorylation events. Ultimately, development of methods used to analyse mechano-sensitive pathways will provide important information for the identification of appropriate pharmacological and physiotherapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Lee
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
McNulty AL, Estes BT, Wilusz RE, Weinberg JB, Guilak F. Dynamic loading enhances integrative meniscal repair in the presence of interleukin-1. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:830-8. [PMID: 20202487 PMCID: PMC2872683 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscal tears are a common knee injury and increased levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) have been measured in injured and degenerated joints. Studies have shown that IL-1 decreases the shear strength, cell accumulation, and tissue formation in meniscal repair interfaces. While mechanical stress and IL-1 modulate meniscal biosynthesis and degradation, the effects of dynamic loading on meniscal repair are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mechanical compression on meniscal repair under normal and inflammatory conditions. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Explants were harvested from porcine medial menisci. To simulate a full-thickness defect, a central core was removed and reinserted. Explants were loaded for 4h/day at 1 Hz and 0%-26% strain for 14 days in the presence of 0 or 100 pg/mL of IL-1. Media were assessed for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, aggrecanase activity, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (S-GAG) release, and nitric oxide (NO) production. After 14 days, biomechanical testing and histological analyses were performed. RESULTS IL-1 increased MMP activity, S-GAG release, and NO production, while decreasing the shear strength and tissue repair in the interface. Dynamic loading antagonized IL-1-mediated inhibition of repair at all strain amplitudes. Neither IL-1 treatment nor strain altered aggrecanase activity. Additionally, strain alone did not alter meniscal healing, except at the highest strain magnitude (26%), a level that enhanced the strength of repair. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic loading blocked the catabolic effects of IL-1 on meniscal repair, suggesting that joint loading through physical therapy may be beneficial in promoting healing of meniscal lesions under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. McNulty
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bradley T. Estes
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Wilusz
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J. Brice Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, Corresponding author: Farshid Guilak, Ph.D., Duke University Medical Center, Box 3093, Durham, NC 27710, Phone (919) 684-2521, Fax (919) 681-8490,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chowdhury TT, Schulz RM, Rai SS, Thuemmler CB, Wuestneck N, Bader A, Homandberg GA. Biomechanical modulation of collagen fragment-induced anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R82. [PMID: 20462435 PMCID: PMC2911866 DOI: 10.1186/ar3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examined the effect of collagen fragments on anabolic and catabolic activities by chondrocyte/agarose constructs subjected to dynamic compression. METHODS Constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions or subjected to continuous and intermittent compression regimes, in the presence of the N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) telopeptides derived from collagen type II and/or 1400 W (inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)). The anabolic and catabolic activities were compared to the amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (NH2-FN-f) and assessed as follows: nitric oxide (NO) release and sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content were quantified using biochemical assays. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) release were measured by ELISA. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), collagen type II and fibronectin were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Two-way ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test was used to examine data. RESULTS The presence of the NT or CT peptides caused a moderate to strong dose-dependent stimulation of NO, TNFalpha and IL-1beta production and inhibition of sGAG content. In some instances, high concentrations of telopeptides were just as potent in stimulating catabolic activities when compared to NH2-FN-f. Depending on the concentration and type of fragment, the increased levels of NO and cytokines were inhibited with 1400 W, resulting in the restoration of sGAG content. Depending on the duration and type of compression regime employed, stimulation with compression or incubation with 1400 W or a combination of both, inhibited telopeptide or NH2-FN-f induced NO release and cytokine production and enhanced sGAG content. All fragments induced MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression in a time-dependent manner. This effect was reversed with compression and/or 1400 W resulting in the restoration of sGAG content and induction of collagen type II and fibronectin expression. CONCLUSIONS Collagen fragments containing the N- and C-terminal telopeptides have dose-dependent catabolic activities similar to fibronectin fragments and increase the production of NO, cytokines and MMPs. Catabolic activities were downregulated by dynamic compression or by the presence of the iNOS inhibitor, linking reparative activities by both types of stimuli. Future investigations which examine the signalling cascades of chondrocytes in response to matrix fragments with mechanical influences may provide useful information for early osteoarthritis treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina T Chowdhury
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ronny M Schulz
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Sonpreet S Rai
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Christian B Thuemmler
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nico Wuestneck
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Augustinus Bader
- Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Gene A Homandberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Box 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bakker AD, Silva VCD, Krishnan R, Bacabac RG, Blaauboer ME, Lin YC, Marcantonio RAC, Cirelli JA, Klein-Nulend J. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1beta modulate calcium and nitric oxide signaling in mechanically stimulated osteocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3336-45. [PMID: 19877030 DOI: 10.1002/art.24920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory diseases often coincide with reduced bone mass. Mechanoresponsive osteocytes regulate bone mass by maintaining the balance between bone formation and resorption. Despite its biologic significance, the effect of inflammation on osteocyte mechanoresponsiveness is not understood. To fill this gap, we investigated whether the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) modulate the osteocyte response to mechanical loading. METHODS MLO-Y4 osteocytes were incubated with TNFalpha (0.5-30 ng/ml) or IL-1beta (0.1-10 ng/ml) for 30 minutes or 24 hours, or with calcium inhibitors for 30 minutes. Cells were subjected to mechanical loading by pulsatile fluid flow (mean +/- amplitude 0.7 +/- 0.3 Pa, 5 Hz), and the response was quantified by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production using Griess reagent and by measuring intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) using Fluo-4/AM. Focal adhesions and filamentous actin (F-actin) were visualized by immunostaining, and apoptosis was quantified by measuring caspase 3/7 activity. Cell-generated tractions were quantified using traction force microscopy, and cytoskeletal stiffness was quantified using optical magnetic twisting cytometry. RESULTS Pulsatile fluid flow increased [Ca(2+)](i) within seconds (in 13% of cells) and NO production within 5 minutes (4.7-fold). TNFalpha and IL-1beta inhibited these responses. Calcium inhibitors decreased pulsatile fluid flow-induced NO production. TNFalpha and IL-1beta affected cytoskeletal stiffness, likely because 24 hours of incubation with TNFalpha and IL-1beta decreased the amount of F-actin. Incubation with IL-1beta for 24 hours stimulated osteocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TNFalpha and IL-1beta inhibit mechanical loading-induced NO production by osteocytes via abrogation of pulsatile fluid flow-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i), and that IL-1beta stimulates osteocyte apoptosis. Since both NO and osteocyte apoptosis affect osteoclasts, these findings provide a mechanism by which inflammatory cytokines might contribute to bone loss and consequently affect bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Bakker
- ACTA-Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Buckley CT, Thorpe SD, Kelly DJ. Engineering of Large Cartilaginous Tissues Through the Use of Microchanneled Hydrogels and Rotational Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:3213-20. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen D. Thorpe
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Buckley CT, Thorpe SD, O’Brien FJ, Robinson AJ, Kelly DJ. The effect of concentration, thermal history and cell seeding density on the initial mechanical properties of agarose hydrogels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2009; 2:512-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
36
|
Villanueva I, Gladem SK, Kessler J, Bryant SJ. Dynamic loading stimulates chondrocyte biosynthesis when encapsulated in charged hydrogels prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) and chondroitin sulfate. Matrix Biol 2009; 29:51-62. [PMID: 19720146 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of charge in mediating chondrocyte response to loading by employing synthetic 3D hydrogels. Specifically, neutral poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were employed where negatively charged chondroitin sulfate (ChS), one of the main extracellular matrix components of cartilage, was systematically incorporated into the PEG network at 0%, 20% or 40% to control the fixed charge density. PEG hydrogels were employed as a control environment for extracellular events which occur as a result of loading, but which are not associated with a charged matrix (e.g., cell deformation and fluid flow). Freshly isolated bovine articular chondrocytes were embedded in the hydrogels and subject to dynamic mechanical stimulation (0.3Hz, 15% amplitude strains, 6h) and assayed for nitric oxide production, cell proliferation, proteoglycan synthesis, and collagen deposition. In the absence of loading, incorporation of charge inhibited cell proliferation by approximately 75%, proteoglycan synthesis by approximately 22-50% depending on ChS content, but had no affect on collagen deposition. Dynamic loading had no effect on cellular responses in PEG hydrogels. However, dynamically loading 20% ChS gels inhibited nitrite production by 50%, cell proliferation by 40%, but stimulated proteoglycan and collagen deposition by 162% and 565%, respectively. Dynamic loading of 40% ChS hydrogels stimulated nitrite production by 62% and proteoglycan synthesis by 123%, but inhibited cell proliferation by 54% and collagen deposition by 52%. Upon removing the load and culturing under free-swelling conditions for 36h, the enhanced matrix synthesis observed in the 20% ChS gels was not maintained suggesting that loading is necessary to stimulate matrix production. In conclusion, extracellular events associated with a charged matrix have a dramatic affect on how chondrocytes respond to mechanical stimulation within these artificial 3D matrices suggesting that streaming potentials and/or dynamic changes in osmolarity may be important regulators of chondrocytes while cell deformation and fluid flow appear to have less of an effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idalis Villanueva
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nam J, Rath B, Knobloch TJ, Lannutti JJ, Agarwal S. Novel electrospun scaffolds for the molecular analysis of chondrocytes under dynamic compression. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:513-23. [PMID: 18694324 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical training of engineered tissue constructs is believed necessary to improve regeneration of cartilaginous grafts. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms underlying mechanical activation are not clear. This is partly due to unavailability of appropriate scaffolds allowing exposure of cells to dynamic compressive strains (DCS) in vitro while permitting subsequent molecular analyses. We demonstrate that three-dimensional macroporous electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) scaffolds can be fabricated that are suitable for the functional and molecular analysis of dynamically loaded chondrocytes. These scaffolds encourage chondrocytic proliferation promoting expression of collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9 while retaining mechanical strength after prolonged dynamic compression. Further, they exhibit superior infiltration of exogenous agents into the cells and permit easy retrieval of cellular components postcompression to allow exploration of molecular mechanisms of DCS. Using these scaffolds, we observed that chondrocytes responded to DCS in a magnitude-dependent manner exhibiting antiinflammatory and proanabolic responses at low physiological magnitudes. Proinflammatory responses and decreased cellular viability were observed at hyperphysiological magnitudes. These scaffolds provide a means of unraveling the mechanotransduction-induced transcriptional and posttranslational activities involved in cartilage regeneration and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Nam
- Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gupta T, Zielinska B, McHenry J, Kadmiel M, Haut Donahue TL. IL-1 and iNOS gene expression and NO synthesis in the superior region of meniscal explants are dependent on the magnitude of compressive strains. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:1213-9. [PMID: 18439846 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Partial meniscectomy is known to cause osteoarthritis (OA) of the underlying cartilage as well as alter the load on the remaining meniscus. Removal of 30-60% of the medial meniscus increases compressive strains from a maximum of approximately 10% to almost 20%. The goal of this study is to determine if meniscal cells produce catabolic molecules in response to the altered loading that results from a partial meniscectomy. METHOD Relative changes in gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and subsequent changes in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) released by meniscal tissue in response to compression were measured. Porcine meniscal explants were dynamically compressed for 2 h at 1 Hz to simulate physiological stimulation at either 10% strain or 0.05 MPa stress. Additional explants were pathologically stimulated to either 0% strain, 20% strain or, 0.1 MPa stress. RESULTS iNOS and IL-1 gene expression and NO release into the surrounding media were increased at 20% compressive strain compared to other conditions. Pathological unloading (0% compressive strain) of meniscal explants did not significantly change expression of IL-1 or iNOS genes, but did result in an increased amount of NO released compared to physiological strain of 10%. CONCLUSION These data suggest that meniscectomies which reduce the surface area of the meniscus by 30-60% will increase the catabolic activity of the meniscus which may contribute to the progression of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lima EG, Tan AR, Tai T, Bian L, Ateshian GA, Cook JL, Hung CT. Physiologic deformational loading does not counteract the catabolic effects of interleukin-1 in long-term culture of chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs. J Biomech 2008; 41:3253-9. [PMID: 18823628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An interplay of mechanical and chemical factors is integral to cartilage maintenance and/or degeneration. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is present at elevated concentrations in osteoarthritic joints and initiates the rapid degradation of cartilage when cultured in vitro. Several short-term studies have suggested that applied dynamic deformational loading may have a protective effect against the catabolic actions of IL-1. In the current study, we examine whether the long-term (42 days) application of dynamic deformational loading on chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs can mitigate these catabolic effects. Three studies were carried out using two IL-1 isoforms (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) in chemically defined medium supplemented with a broad range of cytokine concentrations and durations. Physiologic loading was unable to counteract the long-term catabolic effects of IL-1 under any of the conditions tested, and in some cases led to further degeneration over unloaded controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Lima
- Materials Characterization Laboratory, Cooper Union, 51 Astor Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Raveenthiran SP, Chowdhury TT. Dynamic compression inhibits fibronectin fragment induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2008; 8:273-83. [PMID: 18677626 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-008-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading and the fibronectin fragments (FN-fs) are known to stimulate the anabolic and catabolic processes in articular cartilage, possible through pathways mediated by *NO. This study examined the combined effects of dynamic compression and the NH(2)-hep I or COOH-hep II FN-fs on the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 and production of *NO and PGE(2) release. Both types of fragments induced iNOS and COX-2 expression and stimulated the production of *NO release. This response was inhibited by dynamic compression. Inhibitor experiments indicated that both dynamic compression and the iNOS inhibitor were important in restoring cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis in the presence of the FN-fs. This is the first study which demonstrates a downregulation of the FN-f-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression by dynamic compression. The combination of mechanical and pharmacological interventions makes this study a powerful tool to examine further the interactions of biomechanics and cell signalling in osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Raveenthiran
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dynamic compression counteracts IL-1beta induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in chondrocyte/agarose constructs. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R35. [PMID: 18348730 PMCID: PMC2453754 DOI: 10.1186/ar2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2play pivotal roles in both the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and catabolic processes in articular cartilage. These mediators are influenced by both IL-1β and mechanical loading, and involve alterations in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 enzymes. To identify the specific interactions that are activated by both types of stimuli, we examined the effects of dynamic compression on levels of expression of iNOS and COX-2 and involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Methods Chondrocyte/agarose constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions with or without IL-1β and/or SB203580 (inhibitor of p38 MAPK) for up to 48 hours. Using a fully characterized bioreactor system, constructs were subjected to dynamic compression for 6, 12 and 48 hours under similar treatments. The activation or inhibition of p38 MAPK by IL-1β and/or SB203580 was analyzed by western blotting. iNOS, COX-2, aggrecan and collagen type II signals were assessed utilizing real-time quantitative PCR coupled with molecular beacons. Release of nitrite and PGE2 was quantified using biochemical assays. Two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test were used to examine data. Results IL-1β activated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and this effect was abolished by SB203580. IL-1β induced a transient increase in iNOS expression and stimulated the production of nitrite release. Stimulation by either dynamic compression or SB203580 in isolation reduced the IL-1β induced iNOS expression and nitrite production. However, co-stimulation with both dynamic compression and SB203580 inhibited the expression levels of iNOS and production of nitrite induced by the cytokine. IL-1β induced a transient increase in COX-2 expression and stimulated the cumulative production of PGE2 release. These effects were inhibited by dynamic compression or SB203580. Co-stimulation with both dynamic compression and SB203580 restored cytokine-induced inhibition of aggrecan expression. This is in contrast to collagen type II, in which we observed no response with the cytokine and/or SB203580. Conclusion These data suggest that dynamic compression directly influences the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. These molecules are current targets for pharmacological intervention, raising the possibility for integrated pharmacological and biophysical therapies for the treatment of cartilage joint disorders.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hirano Y, Ishiguro N, Sokabe M, Takigawa M, Naruse K. Effects of tensile and compressive strains on response of a chondrocytic cell line embedded in type I collagen gel. J Biotechnol 2008; 133:245-52. [PMID: 17868945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2006] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tensile and compressive strains are commonly used in mechanobiological models. Here we report on the development of a novel three-dimensional cell-culture method, which allows both tensile and compressive loads to be applied. Preliminary results were obtained using HCS2/8 chondrocytic cells embedded in type I collagen gel. This construct was subjected to either 16% tension or 14% compression. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that both tension and compression caused significant cell deformation. The collagen gel-embedded HCS2/8 cells were subjected to static tension, dynamic tension, static compression or dynamic compression for 24h. Dynamic compression led to significantly decreased 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation compared with the control group. PCR analysis revealed upregulation of type II collagen caused by dynamic tension, upregulation of aggrecan caused by static compression, and downregulation of type II collagen and aggrecan caused by dynamic compression. Nitric oxide production was significantly increased by static tension and static compression compared with the control group. Our experimental system effectively applied several types of strain to HCS2/8 cells embedded in collagen gel. Our results suggest that the mode of mechanical strain affects the response of HCS2/8 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim YJ, Chung HY. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in renal epithelial cells and macrophages. J Med Food 2007; 10:225-31. [PMID: 17651056 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress due to excessive reactive species (RS) and weakened antioxidant defenses is causally associated with inflammation and inflammatory mediators. To investigate the effects of the major fish oil ingredients, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on oxidative stress-related inflammatory status, we conducted in vitro experiments utilizing rat renal epithelial cells (NRK-52E) and murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) by assessing their effects on the generation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived and xanthine oxidase (XOD)-derived RS, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and antioxidative enzyme activities. Additionally, 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1alpha, PGE2, and nitrite levels were measured in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results showed that the generation of RS from arachidonic acid through the COX-2 and XOD pathways was effectively suppressed by DHA and EPA, while GSH levels and antioxidative enzyme activities were significantly enhanced by DHA and EPA. Furthermore, levels of inflammatory mediators (thromboxane B2, PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1alpha) and nitrite were effectively down-regulated by DHA and EPA. These results strongly indicate that DHA and EPA exert antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions by reducing the cellular levels of RS, pro-inflammatory mediators, and nitrite levels and by maintaining higher GSH levels and antioxidative enzyme activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kim
- Department of Cosmetology, Pusan Women's College, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chowdhury TT, Knight MM. Purinergic pathway suppresses the release of .NO and stimulates proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocyte/agarose constructs subjected to dynamic compression. J Cell Physiol 2007; 209:845-53. [PMID: 16924659 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading plays a fundamental role in the physiological and pathological processes of articular cartilage. The application of dynamic compression to chondrocytes cultured in agarose, downregulates the release of nitric oxide (NO) and enhances cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis. We hypothesize that the observed metabolic changes in response to dynamic compression involve a purinergic signaling pathway. Chondrocyte/agarose constructs were subjected to dynamic compression (15%, 1 Hz, 48 h) in the presence of antagonists for the purinergic pathway. Gadolinium was used as a putative inhibitor of stretch-activated calcium ion channels including adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) release channels; suramin was employed as a P2 receptor antagonist and apyrase was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP. The data presented demonstrate that in the absence of the inhibitor, dynamic compression suppressed .NO release. Treatment with gadolinium and suramin caused a compression-induced upregulation of .NO release, a response abolished with apyrase. Compression-induced stimulation of cell proliferation was reversed with gadolinium, suramin, or apyrase. By contrast, compression-induced stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis was abolished under all treatment conditions. Thus, the purinergic pathway is important in suppressing the release of .NO and stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis. Indeed, high levels of .NO could trigger a downstream catabolic response and mediate the compression-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. The current study demonstrates for the first time the importance of a purinergic pathway in mediating the metabolic response to dynamic compression and suppressing an inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T Chowdhury
- Medical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen YJ, Zhang M, Wang JJ. Study on the effects of mechanical pressure to the ultrastructure and secretion ability of mandibular condylar chondrocytes. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:173-81. [PMID: 17056002 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During mandibular movement, condyle is subjected to repetitive compression and the mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) can detect and respond to this biomechanical environment by altering their metabolism. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pressure to the ultrastructure, aggrecan synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin F(1)alpha(PGF(1)alpha) secretion in MCCs. In vitro cultured rabbit MCCs were incubated and pressed under continuous pressure of 90kPa for 60min and 360min by hydraulic pressure controlled cellular strain unit. The ultrastructure, aggrecan mRNA expression, activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and PGF(1)alpha secretion were investigated. Besides, nitric oxide inhibitor was used together with pressure to investigate the role of NO in mechanical effects. The appearance of MCC on TEM showed that after been pressed under 90kPa for 60min, the cellular processes became elongated and voluminous, together with aggrecan mRNA increasing. Under 90kPa for 360min, some of the cells showed distinct sign of apotosis and the aggrecan mRNA decreased. Pressure of 90kPa could cause increase of NOS activity and decrease of PGF(1)alpha composition. Inhibitor experiments indicated that pressure-induced upregulation of aggrecan mRNA and inhibition of PGF(1)alpha synthesis was partly mediated by NO. Continuous pressure could cause changes on the ultrastructure and function of MCC, as well as up-regulation of aggrecan synthesis, increase of NO secretion and decrease of PGF(1)alpha composition. NO was the upstream molecule, which mediated the response of aggrecan and PGF(1)alpha to mechanical pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Chen
- Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 ShaanXi, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fox DB, Cook JL, Kuroki K, Cockrell M. Effects of dynamic compressive load on collagen-based scaffolds seeded with fibroblast-like synoviocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:1527-37. [PMID: 16846349 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Synoviocytes have been speculated to play potential reparative and remodeling roles in vascular meniscal injuries. In addition, synoviocytes may mediate the transformation of intraarticularly placed collagen-based scaffolds into fibrocartilage through exposure to dynamic compressive loads. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of using fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to engineer meniscal-like fibrocartilage and to better understand the mechanosensitivity of FLS by seeding them onto collagen scaffolds exposed to dynamic compressive loads. Canine FLS were seeded onto disks of four commercially available collagen-based scaffolds (Restore, Permacol, Cuff Patch, and Graff Jacket) and subjected either to one of two levels of intermittent dynamic compressive load or no load. The disks were harvested at 1 and 2 weeks and assessed for cell viability, retention, and infiltration, as well as extracellular matrix production. In general, loading regimens decreased cellularity, and nonloaded Restore grafts retained the most cells across time intervals. Spatial distribution of FLS was optimized in Restore grafts and was overall better in non-crosslinked collagen scaffolds (Restore and Graft Jacket) than cross-linked matrices. Collagen production was noted in association with penetrating FLS clusters in the Restore scaffolds only. The applied biomechanical stimulus did not appear to induce fibrochondrogenesis in any treatment group. These data suggest that Restore scaffolds may foster greater cell retention and infiltration when compared to other commercially available, collagen-based biomatrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek B Fox
- The Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Heijnen HFG, van Donselaar E, Slot JW, Fries DM, Blachard-Fillion B, Hodara R, Lightfoot R, Polydoro M, Spielberg D, Thomson L, Regan EA, Crapo J, Ischiropoulos H. Subcellular localization of tyrosine-nitrated proteins is dictated by reactive oxygen species generating enzymes and by proximity to nitric oxide synthase. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:1903-13. [PMID: 16716892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Using high-resolution immuno-electron microscopy the steady-state subcellular distribution of tyrosine-nitrated proteins in different cells and tissues was evaluated. In quiescent eosinophils and neutrophils in the bone marrow intracellular nitrated proteins were mainly restricted to the peroxidase-containing secretory granules. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in the same granules. Proteins nitrated on tyrosine residues were also abundant in the cytosol of circulating erythrocytes. In the vasculature, nitrated proteins were mainly located in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of the endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Endogenous nitrated proteins were also found in chondrocytes in cartilage, where it was typically associated with the cytoplasmic interface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Nitrated proteins were also prominent in the peroxisomes of liver hepatocytes and of secretory cells in the lacrimal gland. Challenge of mouse dendritic cells with lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS protein expression in cytosol and peroxisomes and was associated with an increased 3-nitrotyrosine formation in cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. These data indicate that nitric oxide-dependent protein tyrosine nitration is a physiologically relevant process localized within specific subcellular compartments in close proximity to iNOS and to enzymes capable of peroxidative chemistry and reactive oxygen species production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry F G Heijnen
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chowdhury TT, Appleby RN, Salter DM, Bader DA, Lee DA. Integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in IL-1 beta stimulated chondrocytes. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2006; 5:192-201. [PMID: 16544161 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-006-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) influence the release of nitric oxide (*NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from articular chondrocytes via distinct signalling mechanisms. The exact nature of the interplay between the respective signalling pathways remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that integrins act as mechanoreceptors and may transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular signals, thereby influencing cellular response. The current study demonstrates that the application of dynamic compression induced an inhibition of *NO and an upregulation of cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis in the presence and absence of IL-1 beta. PGE2 release was not affected by dynamic compression in the absence of IL-1 beta but was inhibited in the presence of the cytokine. The integrin binding peptide, GRGDSP, abolished or reversed the compression-induced alterations in all four parameters assessed in the presence and absence of IL-1 beta. The non-binding control peptide, GRADSP, had no effect. These data clearly demonstrate that the metabolic response of the chondrocytes to dynamic compression in the presence and absence of IL-1 beta, are integrin mediated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T T Chowdhury
- Medical Engineering Division and IRC in Biomedical Materials, Department of Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tasevski V, Sorbetti JM, Chiu SS, Shrive NG, Hart DA. Influence of mechanical and biological signals on gene expression in human MG-63 cells: evidence for a complex interplay between hydrostatic compression and vitamin D3 or TGF-beta1 on MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA levels. Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 83:96-107. [PMID: 15746971 DOI: 10.1139/o04-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological mediators can influence the activity and differentiation of bone cells. 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) is known to induce differentiation of precursors into mature osteoblasts, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) can modulate the activity of bone cells leading to alterations in proliferation and gene expression patterns. Bone-derived cells were loaded via intermittent cyclic hydrostatic pressure (icHP) on cells under basal conditions and in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 or TGF-beta1. Evaluating the effects of loading on the cells allowed for a comparison to be made between responsiveness to biomechanical and biochemical stimuli and their potential interplay. The effects of icHP on mRNA levels for the specific genes involved in bone remodelling and differentiation were measured in MG-63 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The mRNA levels for matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 (MMP-1 and MMP-3) were significantly, and uniquely, increased (p < 0.001) in cells exposed to icHP under serum-free conditions for 4-12 h. However, mRNA levels for MMP-3, but not MMP-1, were significantly enhanced in cells subjected to static hydrostatic pressure (HP). Treatment of cells with 1,25-(OH)2D3 resulted in increased (p < 0.001) mRNA levels for osteocalcin and decreased (p < 0.001) mRNA levels for both MMP-1 and MMP-3. In cells exposed to icHP and 1,25-(OH)2D3, the mRNA levels for both MMP-1 and MMP-3 were elevated (p < 0.001) compared with hormone alone, but not to the same degree (p < 0.01) as cells subjected to icHP alone. Addition of TGF-beta1 to cells led to increases in cell proliferation and expression of collagen I, as well as decreases in expression of osteocalcin and MMP-1 and MMP-3. Exposure of cells to icHP and TGF-beta1 again led to unique and significant increases in expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3. No changes in mRNA levels for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or any of the other 9 genes assessed, including those for MMP-2 and MMP-13, were detected under any of the conditions described. Therefore, icHP can induce alterations in mRNA levels for a specific subset of genes in both premature and mature osteoblasts. Such stimuli can modulate the impact of potent biological mediators in defining patterns of gene expression by bone cells and potentially modify function in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Tasevski
- McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ferretti M, Madhavan S, Deschner J, Rath-Deschner B, Wypasek E, Agarwal S. Dynamic biophysical strain modulates proinflammatory gene induction in meniscal fibrochondrocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C1610-5. [PMID: 16452158 PMCID: PMC4950929 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00529.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibrochondrocytes of meniscus adapt to changes in their biomechanical environment by mechanisms that are yet to be elucidated. In this study, the mechanoresponsiveness of fibrochondrocytes under normal and inflammatory conditions was investigated. Fibrochondrocytes from rat meniscus were exposed to dynamic tensile forces (DTF) at various magnitudes and frequencies. The mechanoresponsiveness was assessed by examining the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 mRNA expression. The mRNA and protein analyses revealed that DTF at magnitudes of 5% to 20% did not induce proinflammatory gene expression. IL-1beta induced a rapid increase in the iNOS mRNA. DTF strongly repressed IL-1beta-dependent iNOS induction in a magnitude-dependent manner. Exposure to 15% DTF resulted in >90% suppression of IL-1beta-induced mRNA within 4 h and this suppression was sustained for the ensuing 20 h. The mechanosensitivity of fibrochondrocytes was also frequency dependent and maximal suppression of iNOS mRNA expression was observed at rapid frequencies of DTF compared with lower frequencies. Like iNOS, DTF also inhibited IL-1beta-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators involved in joint inflammation. The examination of temporal effects of DTF revealed that 4- or 8-h exposure of DTF was sufficient for its sustained anti-inflammatory effects during the next 20 or 16 h, respectively. Our findings indicate that mechanical signals act as potent anti-inflammatory signals, where their magnitude and frequency are critical determinants of their actions. Furthermore, mechanical signals continue attenuating proinflammatory gene transcription for prolonged periods of time after their removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ferretti
- Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, The Ohio State Univ., 305 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|