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Silva R, Espigolan R, Berton M, Stafuzza N, Santos F, Negreiros M, Schuchmann R, Rodriguez J, Lôbo R, Banchero G, Pereira A, Bergmann J, Baldi F. Genetic parameters and genomic regions associated with calving ease in primiparous Nellore heifers. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Richardson L, Dixon CL, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Menon R. Oxidative stress-induced TGF-beta/TAB1-mediated p38MAPK activation in human amnion epithelial cells. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:1100-1112. [PMID: 29893818 PMCID: PMC7190655 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Term and preterm parturition are associated with oxidative stress (OS)-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)-mediated fetal tissue (amniochorion) senescence. p38MAPK activation is a complex cell- and stimulant-dependent process. Two independent pathways of OS-induced p38MAPK activation were investigated in amnion epithelial cells (AECs) in response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE: a validated OS inducer in fetal cells): (1) the OS-mediated oxidation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK)-1 bound Thioredoxin (Trx[SH]2) dissociates this complex, creating free and activated ASK1-signalosome and (2) transforming growth factor-mediated activation of (TGF)-beta-activated kinase (TAK)1 and TGF-beta-activated kinase 1-binding protein (TAB)1. AECs isolated from normal term, not-in-labor fetal membranes increased p38MAPK in response to CSE and downregulated it in response to antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. In AECs, both Trx and ASK1 were localized; however, they remained dissociated and not complexed, regardless of conditions. Silencing either ASK1 or its downstream effectors (MKK3/6) did not affect OS-induced p38MAPK activation. Conversely, OS increased TGF-beta's release from AECs and increased phosphorylation of both p38MAPK and TAB1. Silencing of TAB1, but not TAK1, prevented p38MAPK activation, which is indicative of TAB1-mediated autophosphorylation of p38MAPK, an activation mechanism seldom seen. OS-induced p38MAPK activation in AECs is ASK1-Trx signalosome-independent and is mediated by the TGF-beta pathway. This knowledge will help to design strategies to reduce p38MAPK activation-associated pregnancy risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tx, 77550
| | - Christopher Luke Dixon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Leopoldo Aguilera-Aguirre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Zhu Y, Tan YQ, Leung LK. Aflatoxin B1 disrupts transient receptor potential channel activity and increases COX-2 expression in JEG-3 placental cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:84-90. [PMID: 27818125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites which pose a major threat to food safety. Although these mycotoxins are established hepatocarcinogens, their effect on the reproductive organ is unknown. Transient Receptor Potential Channels (TRPs) are ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, including the placenta. These channels are associated with various functions in the placenta. The fetus and the placenta are especially sensitive to xenobiotic assault; therefore, exposure to the aflatoxins during gestation might lead to the undesirable outcome. Previously we have shown that aflatoxin B1 administered in late gestation may increase cox-2 expression in mouse placentae. In the present study, we examined the effect of aflatoxin B1 on COX-2 by using the placental cell model JEG-3 and the respective signaling pathway. In our result, COX-2 expression was induced by the mycotoxin administration. The intracellular calcium levels were also increased in cells by aflatoxin B1 treatment as little as 1 nM. Immunoblot result showed that some TRP expressions were elevated. As inflated intracellular calcium might activate MAPKs, the underlying signaling pathway was investigated. With the help of TRP-specific inhibitors, the mycotoxin appeared to increase the expression of TRPC-3 and activate PKCβ and ERK. The significance of COX-2 in pregnancy has been well established. Exposure to this mycotoxin may perturb the physiological processes dictated by COX-2 in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lai K Leung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Menon R, Bonney EA, Condon J, Mesiano S, Taylor RN. Novel concepts on pregnancy clocks and alarms: redundancy and synergy in human parturition. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 22:535-60. [PMID: 27363410 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The signals and mechanisms that synchronize the timing of human parturition remain a mystery and a better understanding of these processes is essential to avert adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although our insights into human labor initiation have been informed by studies in animal models, the timing of parturition relative to fetal maturation varies among viviparous species, indicative of phylogenetically different clocks and alarms; but what is clear is that important common pathways must converge to control the birth process. For example, in all species, parturition involves the transition of the myometrium from a relaxed to a highly excitable state, where the muscle rhythmically and forcefully contracts, softening the cervical extracellular matrix to allow distensibility and dilatation and thus a shearing of the fetal membranes to facilitate their rupture. We review a number of theories promulgated to explain how a variety of different timing mechanisms, including fetal membrane cell senescence, circadian endocrine clocks, and inflammatory and mechanical factors, are coordinated as initiators and effectors of parturition. Many of these factors have been independently described with a focus on specific tissue compartments.In this review, we put forth the core hypothesis that fetal membrane (amnion and chorion) senescence is the initiator of a coordinated, redundant signal cascade leading to parturition. Whether modified by oxidative stress or other factors, this process constitutes a counting device, i.e. a clock, that measures maturation of the fetal organ systems and the production of hormones and other soluble mediators (including alarmins) and that promotes inflammation and orchestrates an immune cascade to propagate signals across different uterine compartments. This mechanism in turn sensitizes decidual responsiveness and eventually promotes functional progesterone withdrawal in the myometrium, leading to increased myometrial cell contraction and the triggering of parturition. Linkage of these processes allows convergence and integration of the gestational clocks and alarms, prompting a timely and safe birth. In summary, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the mediators that contribute to the timing of human labor. Integrating these concepts will provide a better understanding of human parturition and ultimately improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., MRB, Room 11.138, Galveston, TX 77555-1062, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 792 College Parkway, Fanny Allen Campus, Suite 101, Colchester, Burlington, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jennifer Condon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Perinatal Research Branch, NICHD, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sam Mesiano
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Center Boulevard, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Radi ZA, Khan NK. Comparative Expression and Distribution of c-fos, Estrogen Receptorα (ERα), and p38α in the Uterus of Rats, Monkeys, and Humans. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:327-35. [PMID: 16844660 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600773941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The uterine cellular expression and distribution of c-fos, ERα and p38α was compared in humans, nonhuman primates, and rats using immunohistochemistry. ERα and c-fos were present in the glandular (GE) and luminal epithelial cells (LE) of humans and nonhuman primates, with differing expression patterns evident between proliferative and secretory cycle phases. In rats, the highest and lowest expression of c-fos was present during proestrus and estrus, respectively, in the LE and GE. The most intense ERα staining in rats was observed during proestrus in the GE, while the least intense staining was seen in the LE during proestrus. Strong LE and GE expression of p38α as present in rats in all stages of the estrous cycle and during the proliferative phase in both humans and nonhuman primates. No p38α expression was observed during the secretory phase in either humans or nonhuman primates. Our work suggests that c- fos, ERα and p38α (a) are primarily expressed during the proliferative phase, but not the secretory phase and exhibit interspecies expression variability, and (b) rats exhibit cyclic changes in the expression of c- fos and ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A Radi
- Worldwide Safety Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105, USA.
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Zeranol induces COX-2 expression through TRPC-3 activation in the placental cells JEG-3. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:17-23. [PMID: 27224899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Channels (TRPs) are commonly expressed in the reproductive tissues in human. Many female reproductive processes have been associated with these TRPs. The mycotoxin zeranol or α-zearalanol is derived from fungi in the Fusarium family. Limited exposure to zeranol appears to be safe. In North America, farmers are using synthetic zeranol to promote growth in livestock. As the health risks of exposure to residual zeranol have not been determined, this practice is disallowed in the European Community. In the present study the cellular calcium levels were elevated in JEG-3 cells treated with zeranol at or above 10nM. Subsequent study indicated that expressions of TRP channels were induced. In response to the calcium flow, ERK, P38 and PKCβ were activated and COX-2 expression was increased. Specific TRP inhibitors were employed to establish the connection between the ion channel activity and COX-2 expression, and TRPC-3 appeared to be the triggering mechanism. Since the involvement of COX-2 is implicated in placental development and parturition, exposure to this mycotoxin poses a potential threat to pregnant women.
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Kobayashi T, Tanaka K, Fujita T, Umezawa H, Amano H, Yoshioka K, Naito Y, Hatano M, Kimura S, Tatsumi K, Kasuya Y. Bidirectional role of IL-6 signal in pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Respir Res 2015; 16:99. [PMID: 26289430 PMCID: PMC4546032 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various signals are known to participate in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Our aim was to determine which signal is predominantly mobilized in the early inflammatory phase and thereafter modulates the development of lung fibrosis. Methods Mice received a single dose of 3 mg/kg body weight of bleomycin (BLM) and were sacrificed at designated days post-instillation (dpi). Lung homogenates and sections from mice in the early inflammatory phase were subjected to phospho-protein array analysis and immunofluorescence studies, respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice was subjected to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) for interleukin (IL)-6 and evaluation of infiltrated cell populations. The effects of endogenous and exogenous IL-6 on the BLM-induced apoptotic signal in A549 cells and type 2 pneumocytes were elucidated. In addition, the effect of IL-6-neutralizing antibody on BLM-induced lung injury was evaluated. Results Phospho-protein array revealed that BLM induced phosphorylation of molecules downstream of the IL-6 receptor such as Stat3 and Akt in the lung at 3 dpi. At 3 dpi, immunofluorescence studies showed that signals of phospho-Stat3 and -Akt were localized in type 2 pneumocytes, and that BLM-induced IL-6-like immunoreactivity was predominantly observed in type 2 pneumocytes. Activation of caspases in BLM-treated A549 cells and type 2 pneumocytes was augmented by application of IL-6-neutralizing antibody, a PI3K inhibitor or a Stat3 inhibitor. EIA revealed that BLM-induced IL-6 in BALF was biphasic, with the first increase from 0.5 to 3 dpi followed by the second increase from 8 to 10 dpi. Blockade of the first increase of IL-6 by IL-6-neutralizing antibody enhanced apoptosis of type 2 pneumocytes and neutrophilic infiltration and markedly accelerated fibrosis in the lung. In contrast, blockade of the second increase of IL-6 by IL-6-neutralizing antibody ameliorated lung fibrosis. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that IL-6 could play a bidirectional role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. In particular, upregulation of IL-6 at the early inflammatory stage of BLM-injured lung has antifibrotic activity through regulating the cell fate of type 2 pneumocytes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0261-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Umezawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Amano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Naito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Hatano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Sadao Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yoshitoshi Kasuya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Radi ZA, Marusak RA, Morris DL. Species Comparison of the Role of p38 MAP Kinase in the Female Reproductive System. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:109-24. [PMID: 22271984 PMCID: PMC3246056 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are members of discrete signal
transduction pathways that have significant regulatory roles in a variety of biological
processes, depending on the cell, tissue and organ type. p38 MAPKs are involved in
inflammation, cell growth and differentiation and cell cycle. In the female reproductive
system, p38 MAPKs are known to regulate various aspects of the reproductive process such
as mammalian estrous and menstrual cycles as well as early pregnancy and parturition. p38
MAPKs have also been implicated in alterations and pathologies observed in the female
reproductive system. Therefore, pharmacologic modulation of p38 MAPKs, and inter-connected
signaling pathways (e.g., estrogen receptor signaling, c-fos, c-jun), may influence
reproductive physiology and function. This article provides a critical, comparative review
of available data on the roles of p38 MAPKs in the mammalian female reproductive system
and in reproductive pathophysiology in humans and preclinical species. We first introduce
fundamental differences and similarities of the mammalian female reproductive system that
should be considered by toxicologists and toxicologic pathologists when assessing the
effects of new pharmacologic agents on the female reproductive system. We then explore in
detail the known roles for p38 MAPKs and related molecules in female reproduction. This
foundation is then extended to pathological conditions in which p38 MAPKs are thought to
play an integral role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaher A. Radi
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Global
R&D, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
| | | | - Dale L. Morris
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Global
R&D, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, St. Louis, MO 63017, USA
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Asada S, Daitoku H, Matsuzaki H, Saito T, Sudo T, Mukai H, Iwashita S, Kako K, Kishi T, Kasuya Y, Fukamizu A. Mitogen-activated protein kinases, Erk and p38, phosphorylate and regulate Foxo1. Cell Signal 2006; 19:519-27. [PMID: 17113751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The members of the transcription factor Foxo family regulate the expression of genes concerned with the stress response, cell cycle and gluconeogenesis. Foxo1 (FKHR) contains 15 consensus phosphorylation sites for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Therefore, we hypothesized that MAPKs could directly regulate the transcriptional activity of Foxo1 via phosphorylation. In vitro kinase assay showed that Foxo1 was phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and p38 MAPK (p38) but not by c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). In NIH3T3 cells, epidermal growth factor or anisomycin increased phosphorylation of exogenous Foxo1, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with an MEK 1 inhibitor, PD98059, or a p38 inhibitor, SB203580. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping using mutation of phosphorylation sites for MAPK revealed that the nine serine residues in Foxo1 are specifically phosphorylated by Erk and that five of the nine residues are phosphorylated by p38 in vivo. Moreover, we also found that Foxo1 interacts with Ets-1 and functions as a coactivator for Ets-1 on the fetal liver kinase (Flk)-1 promoter in bovine carotid artery endothelial cells. Mutation of the nine phosphorylation sites for Erk in Foxo1 was shown to lead to less binding and synergistic activity for Ets-1 on the Flk-1 promoter when compared with wild-type Foxo1. These results suggest that Foxo1 is specifically phosphorylated by Erk and p38, and that this phosphorylation regulates the function of Foxo1 as a coactivator for Ets-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Asada
- Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Mitsunari M, Yoshida S, Shoji T, Tsukihara S, Iwabe T, Harada T, Terakawa N. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 induces cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E(2) via toll-like receptor 2 in human placental trophoblast cells. J Reprod Immunol 2006; 72:46-59. [PMID: 16600383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have examined whether toll-like receptor (TLR)2-mediated stimulation by macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2), originally purified from Mycoplasma fermentans, induces cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin (PG)E(2) in human placental trophoblast cells. The signaling mechanism by which MALP-2 exerts its effect has also been examined. Human placental trophoblast cells isolated from term placenta were used. TLR expression in trophoblast cells was confirmed by multiplex PCR and immunocytochemistry, and examined whether MALP-2 induces COX-2 and PGE(2) by Northern blotting, RT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA, respectively. The activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinases (ERK1/2 and p38) was examined by Western blotting. The effects of inhibitors of NF-kappaB, MEK1/2 and p38 on MALP-2-induced PGE(2) production were also evaluated. TLR2, TLR6 and TLR4 were expressed in human placental trophoblast cells. MALP-2 significantly induced COX-2 expression and enhanced PGE(2) production in a dose-dependent manner. MALP-2 induced the activation of NF-kappaB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Inhibitors of NF-kappaB, MEK1/2 and p38 blocked MALP-2-inducible PGE(2) production. TLR2-mediated stimulation by MALP-2 induces COX-2 and PGE(2) in human placental trophoblast cells via NF-kappaB and MAP kinases pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mitsunari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Zhao B, Koon D, Bethin KE. Identification of transcription factors at the site of implantation in the later stages of murine pregnancy. Reproduction 2006; 131:561-71. [PMID: 16514199 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite medical advances, preterm delivery continues to complicate 12% of all births in the United States and is a major cause of neonatal deaths. One of the reasons that preterm labor continues to be a significant problem is that very little is understood about the factors involved in normal labor. Many investigators have studied parturition in the mouse and defined essential pathways for normal labor. Prostaglandins play an essential role in mouse labor and are important in human labor as well. We examined the 23 transcription factors from pregnant mouse uterus that change expression after the induction of cyclooxygenase-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in prostaglandin synthesis. Usingin situhybridization, we have identified three of these transcription factors, Hoxa10, Hoxa11 and GILZ as being expressed in the decidua and regulated at the end of pregnancy. Both Hoxa10 and Hoxa11 are known to be critical for implantation, but very little is known about their roles in late gestation. GILZ has not previously been identified in the gravid uterus. In summary, we have identified three transcription factors that are regulated in the decidua at the end of pregnancy, suggesting a role in detachment of the fetus and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Zhao
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, 702 Barnhill Dr., RI 5960, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Ackerman WE, Rovin BH, Kniss DA. Epidermal growth factor and interleukin-1beta utilize divergent signaling pathways to synergistically upregulate cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human amnion-derived WISH cells. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:2079-86. [PMID: 15329330 PMCID: PMC1389598 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In human parturition, uterotonic prostaglandins (PGs) arise predominantly via increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 [also known as prostaglandin synthase 2]) within intrauterine tissues. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), both inducers of COX-2 transcription, are among numerous factors that accumulate within amniotic fluid with advancing gestation. It was previously demonstrated that EGF could potentiate IL-1beta-driven PGE(2) production in amnion and amnion-derived (WISH) cells. To define the mechanism for this observation, we hypothesized that EGF and IL-1beta might exhibit synergism in regulating COX-2 gene expression. In WISH cells, combined treatment with EGF and IL-1beta resulted in a greater-than-additive increase in COX-2 mRNA relative to challenge with either agent independently. Augmentation of IL-1beta-induced transactivation by EGF was not observed in cells harboring reporter plasmids bearing nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) regulatory elements alone, but was evident when a fragment (-891/ +9) of the COX-2 gene 5'-promoter was present. Both agents transiently activated intermediates of multiple signaling pathways potentially involved in the regulation of COX-2 gene expression. The 26 S proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, selectively abrogated IL-1beta-driven NFkappaB activation and COX-2 mRNA expression. Only pharmacologic blockade of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase eliminated COX-2 expression following EGF stimulation. We conclude that EGF and IL-1beta appear to signal through different signaling cascades leading to COX-2 gene expression. IL-1beta employs the NFkappaB pathway predominantly, while the spectrum of EGF signaling is broader and includes p38 kinase. The synergism observed between IL-1beta and EGF does not rely on augmented NFkappaB function, but rather, occurs through differential use of independent response elements within the COX-2 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Ackerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Laboratory of Perinatal Research), and
| | - Brad H. Rovin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Nephrology and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute), The Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Douglas A. Kniss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Laboratory of Perinatal Research), and
- Correspondence: Douglas A. Kniss, Laboratory of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, 5th Floor Means Hall, 1654 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43210. FAX: 614 293 5728; e-mail:
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Tsuboi K, Iwane A, Nakazawa S, Sugimoto Y, Ichikawa A. Role of prostaglandin H2 synthase 2 in murine parturition: study on ovariectomy-induced parturition in prostaglandin F receptor-deficient mice. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:195-201. [PMID: 12620936 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.013870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the prostaglandin (PG) H2 synthase (generally referred to as cyclooxygenase [COX]) isozyme responsible for producing uterotonic PGs during parturition, we used PGF2alpha receptor-deficient mice, which exhibit parturition failure due to impaired withdrawal of serum progesterone at term. On ovariectomy-induced parturition in these mice, uterine COX-2 mRNA expression was drastically induced in the myometrium, whereas COX-1 mRNA expression in the endometrial epithelium decreased. The concomitant administration of progesterone with ovariectomy resulted in a delay in parturition and the disappearance of both the increase in COX-2 mRNA and the decrease in COX-1 mRNA. Thus, the expression of myometrial COX-2 and the occurrence of parturition are closely associated in this model. Furthermore, administration of the COX-nonselective inhibitor, indomethacin, or the COX-2-selective inhibitor, Dup-697 or JTE-522, effectively delayed ovariectomy-induced parturition in these mice. These findings suggest that COX-2-derived PGs contribute to the onset of parturition after the decrease in serum progesterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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