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Center EG, Knight R, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Beck DM. Examining the role of feedback in TMS-induced visual suppression: A cautionary tale. Conscious Cogn 2019; 75:102805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jeantet C, Laprevote V, Schwan R, Schwitzer T, Maillard L, Lighezzolo-Alnot J, Caharel S. Time course of spatial frequency integration in face perception: An ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 143:105-115. [PMID: 31276696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Face perception is based on the processing and integration of multiple spatial frequency (SF) ranges. However, the temporal dynamics of SF integration to form an early face representation in the human brain is still a matter of debate. To address this issue, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during the presentation of spatial frequency-manipulated facial images. Twenty-six participants performed a gender discrimination task on non-filtered, low-, high-, and band-pass filtered face images, corresponding, respectively, to the full range, spatial frequencies up to 8 cycles/image, above 32 cycles/image, and from 8 to 16 cycles/image. Behaviorally, the task related-performance was more accurate and faster for non-filtered (NF) and mid-range SF (MSF) than for low SF (LSF) and high SF (HSF) stimuli. At both behavioral and electrophysiological levels, response to MSF contained in faces did not differ from the responses to full spectrum non-filtered (NF) facial images. In ERPs, LSF facial images evoked the largest P1 amplitude while HSF facial images evoked the largest N170 amplitude compared with the other three conditions. Since LSFs and HSFs would transmit global and local information respectively, our observations lend further support to the "coarse-to-fine" processing theory of faces. Furthermore, they offer original evidence of the effectiveness and adequacy of the mid-range spatial frequency in face perception. Possible theoretical interpretations of our findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Jeantet
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Lorrain de Psychologie et Neurosciences (2LPN - EA 7489), Nancy F-54000, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire InterPsy (EA 4432), Nancy F-54000, France; Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Pôle Hospitalo-universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes du Grand Nancy, Laxou F-54520, France
| | - Vincent Laprevote
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Pôle Hospitalo-universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes du Grand Nancy, Laxou F-54520, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500 France
| | - Raymund Schwan
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Pôle Hospitalo-universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes du Grand Nancy, Laxou F-54520, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; CHRU Nancy, Maison des Addictions, Nancy F-54000, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500 France
| | - Thomas Schwitzer
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Pôle Hospitalo-universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes du Grand Nancy, Laxou F-54520, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500 France
| | - Louis Maillard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN - UMR 7039, Nancy F-54000, France; CHRU Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy F-54000, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Caharel
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Lorrain de Psychologie et Neurosciences (2LPN - EA 7489), Nancy F-54000, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris F-75000, France.
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Effects of Stimulus Size and Contrast on the Initial Primary Visual Cortical Response in Humans. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:450-460. [PMID: 28474167 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Decades of intracranial electrophysiological investigation into the primary visual cortex (V1) have produced many fundamental insights into the computations carried out in low-level visual circuits of the brain. Some of the most important work has been simply concerned with the precise measurement of neural response variations as a function of elementary stimulus attributes such as contrast and size. Surprisingly, such simple but fundamental characterization of V1 responses has not been carried out in human electrophysiology. Here we report such a detailed characterization for the initial "C1" component of the scalp-recorded visual evoked potential (VEP). The C1 is known to be dominantly generated by initial afferent activation in V1, but is difficult to record reliably due to interindividual anatomical variability. We used pattern-pulse multifocal VEP mapping to identify a stimulus position that activates the left lower calcarine bank in each individual, and afterwards measured robust negative C1s over posterior midline scalp to gratings presented sequentially at that location. We found clear and systematic increases in C1 peak amplitude and decreases in peak latency with increasing size as well as with increasing contrast. With a sample of 15 subjects and ~180 trials per condition, reliable C1 amplitudes of -0.46 µV were evoked at as low a contrast as 3.13% and as large as -4.82 µV at 100% contrast, using stimuli of 3.33° diameter. A practical implication is that by placing sufficiently-sized stimuli to target favorable calcarine cortical loci, robust V1 responses can be measured at contrasts close to perceptual thresholds, which could greatly facilitate principled studies of early visual perception and attention.
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Craddock M, Martinovic J, Müller MM. Early and late effects of objecthood and spatial frequency on event-related potentials and gamma band activity. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:6. [PMID: 25886858 PMCID: PMC4352290 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The visual system may process spatial frequency information in a low-to-high, coarse-to-fine sequence. In particular, low and high spatial frequency information may be processed via different pathways during object recognition, with LSF information projected rapidly to frontal areas and HSF processed later in visual ventral areas. In an electroencephalographic study, we examined the time course of information processing for images filtered to contain different ranges of spatial frequencies. Participants viewed either high spatial frequency (HSF), low spatial frequency (LSF), or unfiltered, broadband (BB) images of objects or non-object textures, classifying them as showing either man-made or natural objects, or non-objects. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and evoked and total gamma band activity (eGBA and tGBA) recorded using the electroencephalogram were compared for object and non-object images across the different spatial frequency ranges. RESULTS The visual P1 showed independent modulations by object and spatial frequency, while for the N1 these factors interacted. The P1 showed more positive amplitudes for objects than non-objects, and more positive amplitudes for BB than for HSF images, which in turn evoked more positive amplitudes than LSF images. The peak-to-peak N1 showed that the N1 was much reduced for BB non-objects relative to all other images, while HSF and LSF non-objects still elicited as negative an N1 as objects. In contrast, eGBA was influenced by spatial frequency and not objecthood, while tGBA showed a stronger response to objects than non-objects. CONCLUSIONS Different pathways are involved in the processing of low and high spatial frequencies during object recognition, as reflected in interactions between objecthood and spatial frequency in the visual N1 component. Total gamma band seems to be related to a late, probably high-level representational process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Craddock
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 2JT, UK.
| | - Jasna Martinovic
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
| | - Matthias M Müller
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.
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Kim S, Al-Haj M, Chen S, Fuller S, Jain U, Carrasco M, Tannock R. Colour vision in ADHD: part 1--testing the retinal dopaminergic hypothesis. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2014; 10:38. [PMID: 25344625 PMCID: PMC4219036 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the retinal dopaminergic hypothesis, which posits deficient blue color perception in ADHD, resulting from hypofunctioning CNS and retinal dopamine, to which blue cones are exquisitely sensitive. Also, purported sex differences in red color perception were explored. METHODS 30 young adults diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy young adults, matched on age and gender, performed a psychophysical task to measure blue and red color saturation and contrast discrimination ability. Visual function measures, such as the Visual Activities Questionnaire (VAQ) and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test (FMT), were also administered. RESULTS Females with ADHD were less accurate in discriminating blue and red color saturation relative to controls but did not differ in contrast sensitivity. Female control participants were better at discriminating red saturation than males, but no sex difference was present within the ADHD group. CONCLUSION Poorer discrimination of red as well as blue color saturation in the female ADHD group may be partly attributable to a hypo-dopaminergic state in the retina, given that color perception (blue-yellow and red-green) is based on input from S-cones (short wavelength cone system) early in the visual pathway. The origin of female superiority in red perception may be rooted in sex-specific functional specialization in hunter-gather societies. The absence of this sexual dimorphism for red colour perception in ADHD females warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kim
- />Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1 V6 Canada
| | - Mohamed Al-Haj
- />Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samantha Chen
- />Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Stuart Fuller
- />Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Umesh Jain
- />Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marisa Carrasco
- />Department of Psychology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- />Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1 V6 Canada
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A frequency-tagging electrophysiological method to identify central and peripheral visual field deficits. Doc Ophthalmol 2014; 129:17-26. [PMID: 24817488 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-014-9439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop a fast and efficient electrophysiological protocol to examine the visual field's integrity, which would be useful in pediatric testing. METHODS Steady-state visual-evoked potentials (ssVEPs) to field-specific radial checkerboards flickering at two cycle frequencies (7.5 and 6 Hz for central and peripheral stimulations, respectively) recorded at Oz were collected from 22 participants from 5 to 34 years old and from 5 visually impaired adolescents (12-16 years old). Responses from additional leads (POz, O1, O2), and the impact of gaze deviation on the signals, were also investigated in a subgroup of participants. RESULTS Steady-state visual-evoked potentials responses were similar at all electrode sites, although the signal from the central stimulation was significantly higher at Oz and was highly sensitive in detecting gaze deviation. No effect of age or sex was found, indicating similar ssVEP responses between adults and healthy children. Visual acuity was related to the central signal when comparing healthy participants with four central visual impaired adolescents. Clinical validation of our electrophysiological protocol was also achieved in a 15-year-old adolescent with a severe peripheral visual deficit, as assessed with Goldmann perimetry. CONCLUSIONS A single electrode over Oz is sufficient to gather both central and peripheral visual signals and also to control for gaze deviation. Our method presents several advantages in evaluating visual fields integrity, as it is fast, reliable, and efficient, and applicable in children as young as 5 years old. However, a larger sample of healthy children should be tested to establish clinical norms.
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Montalan B, Boitout A, Veujoz M, Leleu A, Germain R, Personnaz B, Lalonde R, Rebaï M. Social identity-based motivation modulates attention bias toward negative information: an event-related brain potential study. SOCIOAFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE & PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 1:5892. [PMID: 24693339 PMCID: PMC3960023 DOI: 10.3402/snp.v1i0.5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that people readily pay more attention to negative than to positive and/or neutral stimuli. However, evidence from recent studies indicated that such an attention bias to negative information is not obligatory but sensitive to various factors. Two experiments using intergroup evaluative tasks (Study 1: a gender-related groups evaluative task and Study 2: a minimal-related groups evaluative task) was conducted to determine whether motivation to strive for a positive social identity – a part of one’s self-concept – drives attention toward affective stimuli. Using the P1 component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as a neural index of attention, we confirmed that attention bias toward negative stimuli is not mandatory but it can depend on a motivational focus on affective outcomes. Results showed that social identity-based motivation is likely to bias attention toward affectively incongruent information. Thereby, early onset processes – reflected by the P1 component – appeared susceptible to top-down attentional influences induced by the individual’s motivation to strive for a positive social identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Montalan
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition et de l'Affectivité (PSY.NCA EA-4306), France
| | - Alexis Boitout
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition et de l'Affectivité (PSY.NCA EA-4306), France
| | - Mathieu Veujoz
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition et de l'Affectivité (PSY.NCA EA-4306), France
| | - Arnaud Leleu
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition et de l'Affectivité (PSY.NCA EA-4306), France
| | - Raymonde Germain
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition et de l'Affectivité (PSY.NCA EA-4306), France
| | | | - Robert Lalonde
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Psychologie, France
| | - Mohamed Rebaï
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition et de l'Affectivité (PSY.NCA EA-4306), France
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Behavioral performances in participants with phonological dyslexia and different patterns on the N170 component. Brain Cogn 2011; 75:91-100. [PMID: 21094575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kalaycıoğlu C, Nalçacı E, Schmiedt-Fehr C, Başar-Eroğlu C. Corpus callosum has different channels for transmission of spatial frequency information. Brain Res 2009; 1296:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Herrmann CS, Fründ I, Lenz D. Human gamma-band activity: a review on cognitive and behavioral correlates and network models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 34:981-92. [PMID: 19744515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-band oscillations (roughly 30-100 Hz) in human and animal EEG have received considerable attention in the past due to their correlations with cognitive processes. Here, we want to sketch how some of the higher cognitive functions can be explained by memory processes which are known to modulate gamma activity. Especially, the function of binding together the multiple features of a perceived object requires a comparison with contents stored in memory. In addition, we review recent findings about the actual behavioral relevance of human gamma-band activity. Interestingly, rather simple models of spiking neurons are not only able to generate oscillatory activity within the gamma-band range, but even show modulations of these oscillations in line with findings from human experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S Herrmann
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Wynn JK, Lee J, Horan WP, Green MF. Using event related potentials to explore stages of facial affect recognition deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:679-87. [PMID: 18499704 PMCID: PMC2632462 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients show impairments in identifying facial affect; however, it is not known at what stage facial affect processing is impaired. We evaluated 3 event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore stages of facial affect processing in schizophrenia patients. Twenty-six schizophrenia patients and 27 normal controls participated. In separate blocks, subjects identified the gender of a face, the emotion of a face, or if a building had 1 or 2 stories. Three ERPs were examined: (1) P100 to examine basic visual processing, (2) N170 to examine facial feature encoding, and (3) N250 to examine affect decoding. Behavioral performance on each task was also measured. Results showed that schizophrenia patients' P100 was comparable to the controls during all 3 identification tasks. Both patients and controls exhibited a comparable N170 that was largest during processing of faces and smallest during processing of buildings. For both groups, the N250 was largest during the emotion identification task and smallest for the building identification task. However, the patients produced a smaller N250 compared with the controls across the 3 tasks. The groups did not differ in behavioral performance in any of the 3 identification tasks. The pattern of intact P100 and N170 suggest that patients maintain basic visual processing and facial feature encoding abilities. The abnormal N250 suggests that schizophrenia patients are less efficient at decoding facial affect features. Our results imply that abnormalities in the later stage of feature decoding could potentially underlie emotion identification deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Wynn
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, MIRECC, Building 210, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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Okubo M, Nicholls MER. Hemispheric asymmetries for temporal information processing: Transient detection versus sustained monitoring. Brain Cogn 2008; 66:168-75. [PMID: 17706333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated functional differences in the processing of visual temporal information between the left and right hemispheres (LH and RH). Participants indicated whether or not a checkerboard pattern contained a temporal gap lasting between 10 and 40 ms. When the stimulus contained a temporal signal (i.e. a gap), responses were more accurate for the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH) than for the left visual field-right hemisphere (LVF-RH). This RVF-LH advantage was larger for the shorter gap durations (Experiments 1 and 2), suggesting that the LH has finer temporal resolution than the RH, and is efficient for transient detection. In contrast, for noise trials (i.e. trial without temporal signals), there was a LVF-RH advantage. This LVF-RH advantage was observed when the entire stimulus duration was long (240 ms, Experiment 1), but was eliminated when the duration was short (120 ms, Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, where the gap was placed toward the end of the stimulus presentation, a LVF-RH advantage was found for noise trials whereas the RVF-LH advantage was eliminated for signal trials. It is likely that participants needed to monitor the stimulus for a longer period of time when the gap was absent (i.e. noise trials) or was placed toward the end of the presentation. The RH may therefore be more efficient in the sustained monitoring of visual temporal information whereas the LH is more efficient for transient detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matia Okubo
- Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Caharel S, Bernard C, Thibaut F, Haouzir S, Di Maggio-Clozel C, Allio G, Fouldrin G, Petit M, Lalonde R, Rebaï M. The effects of familiarity and emotional expression on face processing examined by ERPs in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2007; 95:186-96. [PMID: 17644314 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of the study was to determine whether patients with schizophrenia are deficient relative to controls in the processing of faces at different levels of familiarity and types of emotion and the stage where such differences may occur. METHODS ERPs based on 18 patients with schizophrenia and 18 controls were compared in a face identification task at three levels of familiarity (unknown, familiar, subject's own) and for three types of emotion (disgust, smiling, neutral). RESULTS The schizophrenic group was less accurate than controls in the face processing, especially for unknown faces and those expressing negative emotions such as disgust. P1 and N170 amplitudes were lower and P1, N170, P250 amplitudes were of slower onset in patients with schizophrenia. N170 and P250 amplitudes were modulated by familiarity and face expression in a different manner in patients than controls. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia is associated with a genelarized defect of face processing, both in terms of familiarity and emotional expression, attributable to deficient processing at sensory (P1) and perceptual (N170) stages. These patients appear to have difficulty in encoding the structure of a face and thereby do not evaluate correctly familiarity and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Caharel
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition (PSY.CO EA-1780), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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Fründ I, Busch NA, Körner U, Schadow J, Herrmann CS. EEG oscillations in the gamma and alpha range respond differently to spatial frequency. Vision Res 2007; 47:2086-98. [PMID: 17562345 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical properties of visual stimuli affect electrophysiological markers of perception. One important stimulus property is spatial frequency (SF). Therefore, we studied the influence of SF on human alpha (8-13 Hz) and gamma (>30 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) responses in a choice reaction task. Since real world images contain multiple SFs, an SF mixture was also examined. Event related potentials were modulated by SF around 80 and 300 ms. Evoked gamma responses were strongest for the low SF and the mixture stimulus; alpha responses were strongest for high SFs. The results link evoked and induced alpha and evoked gamma responses in human EEG to different modes of stimulus processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fründ
- Department of Biological Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, P.O. Box 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany
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Caharel S, Fiori N, Bernard C, Lalonde R, Rebaï M. The effects of inversion and eye displacements of familiar and unknown faces on early and late-stage ERPs. Int J Psychophysiol 2006; 62:141-51. [PMID: 16678927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to examine whether configural alterations of faces affect early or late processing stages as a function of their familiarity and their level of representation in memory. We then sought to verify whether the structural encoding stage is susceptible to top-down influences. METHODS Electrophysiologic and behavioral studies were undertaken, during which unknown and familiar faces were presented upright or upside-down with or without feature alterations. The subjects were asked to determine whether the faces were familiar or not. RESULTS N170 and N360 amplitudes were larger for familiar faces as well as altered ones. A higher degree of familiarity decreased reaction times (RTs) and N360 latencies, but increased N170 latencies, whereas face alterations increased RTs and latencies of both components examined. However, familiarity interacted with altered face configurations only for RTs and the N170. SIGNIFICANCE In the perceptual stage, familiar faces seem to develop a more elaborate type of processing because of top-down influences linked to the robust nature of their representations in memory. The more elaborate type of processing for familiar faces has advantageous consequences for the following steps of information processing, by facilitating access to structural representations in memory (N360) as well as the final step reflected by RTs. The fact that configural alterations cause different effects for familiar as opposed to unfamiliar faces indicate that these stimuli are processed in a qualitatively different manner and solicit different representations in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Caharel
- Université de Rouen, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire Psychologie et Neurosciences de la Cognition (PSY.CO EA-1780), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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Okubo M, Nicholls MER. Flexible contrast gain control in the right hemisphere. Brain Cogn 2005; 59:269-76. [PMID: 16169137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates whether the right hemisphere has more flexible contrast gain control settings for the identification of spatial frequency. Right-handed participants identified 1 and 9 cycles per degree sinusoidal gratings presented either to the left visual field-right hemisphere (LVF-RH) or the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH). When luminance contrast was randomized across a wide range (20-60%), performance gradually improved with contrast in the LVF-RH. Conversely, performance in the RVF-LH was disrupted and saturated for 20 and 60% of contrast, respectively, leading to a LVF-RH advantage for these contrast levels. When contrast was blocked or randomized for a smaller range (30-50%), the LVF-RH advantage was diminished. Flexible contrast gain control is needed when contrast is randomized across a wide range, but not when it is blocked or randomized across a smaller range. The results therefore suggest that the right hemisphere is able to process spatial frequency information across a wider range of contrast levels than is the left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matia Okubo
- Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Boeschoten MA, Kemner C, Kenemans JL, van Engeland H. Time-varying differences in evoked potentials elicited by high versus low spatial frequencies: a topographical and source analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:1956-66. [PMID: 15990359 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate time-varying differences in visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) and dipoles elicited by high versus low spatial frequencies. The main question was whether different spatial frequencies are processed in distinct cortical areas, especially after 100 ms. An additional question was whether and how a hemispheric balance in spatial frequency processing develops over time. METHODS Stimuli were square-wave gratings, with spatial frequencies of 0.75, 1.5, and 6 c/d. VEPs and dipole models were analyzed at various latencies. RESULTS For the time-window of 80-100 ms, spatial frequency-related differences in VEPs and dipoles in posterior regions as reported previously were replicated: lower spatial frequencies were associated with more positivity in the VEP and with more anterior and radial sources than high frequencies. However, after 100 ms differences in amplitude, but not in topography and dipoles, were found between the different spatial frequencies. Between 180-200 ms a right hemisphere dominance was found for all frequencies. CONCLUSIONS After 100 ms, VEPs in response to different spatial frequencies seem to be generated in the same cortical areas. Also, no evidence for frequency-related hemispheric lateralization was found. SIGNIFICANCE Insight is provided into the functional-anatomical basis of longer-latency frequency-related differences in processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Boeschoten
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Boeschoten MA, Kemner C, Kenemans JL, Engeland HV. The relationship between local and global processing and the processing of high and low spatial frequencies studied by event-related potentials and source modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 24:228-36. [PMID: 15993761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Revised: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The processing of global and local elements and of low- and high-spatial frequencies are thought to be interrelated. Evidence for this stems from findings showing that brain localizations for global/local elements and for low/high spatial frequencies seem to overlap. The present study aimed to provide direct evidence that topographical differences between the processing of global and local visual elements can directly be explained by their spatial frequency content, and to study at which point in time this relation is present. This was done by studying the event-related potentials (ERPs) and source models elicited by unfiltered, low- or high-pass filtered hierarchical stimuli. Results showed that performance for global and local targets was affected by removing low and high spatial frequencies, respectively. ERP data indicated that at 250 ms, there was an interaction between the processing of global/local targets and of spatial frequencies because at this time-point removal of low spatial frequencies decreased activity associated with the processing of global targets. When localizing this effect, we found evidence implying that spatial frequency content indeed affected the brain region in which local/global targets were processed. Results implicated that the processing of global information depended on its low spatial frequency content, which was processed more laterally. Instead, processing of local information seemed to depend on its high spatial frequency content, which was processed more medially. Thereby, present results extend former results showing that global and local processing is dependent on spatial frequency and mapped retinotopically in the visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Boeschoten
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Okubo M, Michimata C. The Role of High Spatial Frequencies in Hemispheric Processing of Categorical and Coordinate Spatial Relations. J Cogn Neurosci 2004; 16:1576-82. [PMID: 15601520 DOI: 10.1162/0898929042568604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Right-handed participants performed categorical and coordinate spatial relation tasks on stimuli presented either to the left visual field-right hemisphere (LVF-RH) or to the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH). The stimuli were either unfiltered or low-pass filtered (i.e., devoid of high spatial frequency content). Consistent with previous studies, the unfiltered condition produced a significant RVF-LH advantage for the categorical task and an LVF-RH advantage for the coordinate task. Low-pass filtering eliminated this Task × Visual Field interaction; thus, the RVF-LH advantage disappeared for the categorical task. The present results suggest that processing of high spatial frequency contributes to the left hemispheric advantage for categorical spatial processing.
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Di Russo F, Martínez A, Sereno MI, Pitzalis S, Hillyard SA. Cortical sources of the early components of the visual evoked potential. Hum Brain Mapp 2001; 15:95-111. [PMID: 11835601 PMCID: PMC6871868 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 786] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the neural generators of the early components of the visual evoked potential (VEP) to isoluminant checkerboard stimuli. Multichannel scalp recordings, retinotopic mapping and dipole modeling techniques were used to estimate the locations of the cortical sources giving rise to the early C1, P1, and N1 components. Dipole locations were matched to anatomical brain regions visualized in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to functional MRI (fMRI) activations elicited by the same stimuli. These converging methods confirmed previous reports that the C1 component (onset latency 55 msec; peak latency 90-92 msec) was generated in the primary visual area (striate cortex; area 17). The early phase of the P1 component (onset latency 72-80 msec; peak latency 98-110 msec) was localized to sources in dorsal extrastriate cortex of the middle occipital gyrus, while the late phase of the P1 component (onset latency 110-120 msec; peak latency 136-146 msec) was localized to ventral extrastriate cortex of the fusiform gyrus. Among the N1 subcomponents, the posterior N150 could be accounted for by the same dipolar source as the early P1, while the anterior N155 was localized to a deep source in the parietal lobe. These findings clarify the anatomical origin of these VEP components, which have been studied extensively in relation to visual-perceptual processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California 92093-0608, USA.
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