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Jie J, Gong Y, Luo S, Yang X, Guo K. Genetically predicted associations between circulating cytokines and autoimmune diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404260. [PMID: 38860028 PMCID: PMC11163916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have indicated a correlation between cytokines and autoimmune diseases. yet the causality remains uncertain. Through Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, we aimed to investigate the causal relationships between genetically predicted levels of 91 cytokines and three autoimmune diseases: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT). Methods A bidirectional two-sample MR approach was utilized to assess the causal relationships between cytokines and MS, SLE, and HT. The datasets included 47,429 MS cases and 68,374 controls, 5,201 SLE cases and 9,066 controls, and 16,191 HT cases with 210,612 controls. Data on 91 cytokines comprised 14,824 participants. Causal analyses primarily employed inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods, with sensitivity analyses including heterogeneity and pleiotropy assessment. Results Genetically predicted levels of IL-18 (OR = 0.706; 95% C.I. 0.538-0.925), ADA (OR = 0.808; 95% C.I. 0.673-0.970), and SCF (OR = 0.898; 95% C.I. 0.816-0.987) were associated with a decreased risk of MS. IL-4 (OR = 1.384; 95% C.I. 1.081-1.771), IL-7 (OR = 1.401; 95% C.I. 1.010-1.943), IL-10RA (OR = 1.266; 95% C.I. 1.004-1.596), CXCL5 (OR = 1.170; 95% C.I. 1.021-1.341), NTN (OR = 1.225; 95% C.I. 1.004-1.496), FGF23 (OR = 0.644; 95% C.I. 0.460-0.902), and MCP4 (OR = 0.665; 95% C.I. 0.476-0.929) were associated with SLE risk. CDCP1 (OR = 1.127; 95% C.I. 1.008-1.261), IL-33 (OR = 0.852; 95% C.I. 0.727-0.999), and TRAIL (OR = 0.884; 95% C.I. 0.799-0.979) were associated with HT risk. Bidirectional MR results suggest the involvement of CCL19, IL-13, SLAM, ARTN, Eotaxin, IL-22RA1, ADA, and MMP10 in the downstream development of these diseases. Conclusions Our findings support causal relationships between certain cytokines and the risks of MS, SLE, and HT, identifying potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prevention. Additionally, several cytokines previously unexplored in these autoimmune disease contexts were discovered, laying new groundwork for the study of disease mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jie
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People’s Hospital of Changde City), Changde, China
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Qin Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Feng M, Zhao X, Gao C, Guo H, Luo J. Double-negative T cells are absolutely elevated in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:250-259. [PMID: 33518366 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CD3+CD4-CD8- [double-negative (DN)] T cells play vital roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. In this study, we investigated the exact level of DN T cells in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Forty patients with active AAV and 19 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Peripheral mononuclear cells were characterised phenotypically via flow cytometry. The potential clinical value of DN T cells was then assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The percentage (p < 0.001) and absolute number (p = 0.028) of DN T cells were found to be significantly higher in patients with AAV than in HCs. Relative to HCs, a lower percentage of DN T cells from patients with AAV was of the CD62L+CD45RO+ phenotype (p = 0.024), a higher percentage of these cells was of the CD62L-CD45RO- phenotype (p = 0.043). Patients with AAV had increased percentages of DN T cells expressing interferon (IFN)-γ (p = 0.032), interleukin (IL)-4 (p = 0.039) and IL-17 (p = 0.042). Furthermore, the percentages of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in patients with AAV than in HCs (p = 0.014, p = 0.008). Compared with the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, DN T cells had the highest fractions of intracellular IL-17 in HCs and patients with AAV (both p < 0.001). In patients with AAV and renal damage, the percentage of DN T cells was expanded relative to that in patients without renal damage (p = 0.016). In addition, conventional methylprednisolone effectively reduced the percentage and overall number of DN T cells in patients with AAV (p = 0.028, p = 0.007). DN T cells represent a T-lymphocyte subset that produces inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17) and is absolutely elevated in patients with AAV. Additional investigations are required to determine their precise role in patients with AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yanyao Wu
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Min Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiangcong Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518005, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Pabón-Porras MA, Molina-Ríos S, Flórez-Suárez JB, Coral-Alvarado PX, Méndez-Patarroyo P, Quintana-López G. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: Pathophysiological mechanisms related to innate immune system. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119876146. [PMID: 35154753 PMCID: PMC8826259 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119876146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are two highly prevalent autoimmune diseases that generate disability and low quality of life. The innate immune system, a long-forgotten issue in autoimmune diseases, is becoming increasingly important and represents a new focus for the treatment of these entities. This review highlights the role that innate immune system plays in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The role of the innate immune system in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus pathophysiology is not only important in early stages but is essential to maintain the immune response and to allow disease progression. In rheumatoid arthritis, genetic and environmental factors are involved in the initial stimulation of the innate immune response in which macrophages are the main participants, as well as fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In systemic lupus erythematosus, all the cells contribute to the inflammatory response, but the complement system is the major effector of the inflammatory process. Detecting alterations in the normal function of these cells, besides its contribution to the understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, could help to establish new treatment strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Bruce Flórez-Suárez
- Reumavance Group, Rheumatology Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Ximena Coral-Alvarado
- Reumavance Group, Rheumatology Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paul Méndez-Patarroyo
- Reumavance Group, Rheumatology Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gerardo Quintana-López
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Reumavance Group, Rheumatology Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Huang HT, Chen JM, Guo J, Lan Y, Wei YS. The association of interleukin-31 polymorphisms with interleukin-31 serum levels and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36:799-805. [PMID: 26769434 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is the most recently discovered member of the gp130/IL-6 cytokine family which is produced mainly by activated Th2 cells. IL-31 was proved to play a crucial role in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, cutaneous T cell lymphomas, Kawasaki disease and allergic rhinitis. Previous studies have identified that IL-31 could significantly induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6. Moreover, a large number of studies have shown that IL-6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, up to date, no study to data was reported on the relationship between IL-31 and SLE. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between IL-31 polymorphisms and its serum levels with the risk of SLE in a Chinese population. We analyzed two single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-31 gene rs7977932 C/G and rs4758680 G/T in 190 patients with SLE and 250 age- and sex-matched controls, using polymerase chain reaction-single base extension and DNA sequencing methods. Soluble IL-31 (sIL-31) levels were measured by ELISA. From this study, we found that there were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-31 gene rs7977932 C/G polymorphism between the group of patients with SLE and the control group (P < 0.05). sIL-31 levels were increased in patients with SLE compared with controls (P < 0.01). Moreover, genotypes carrying the IL-31 rs7977932 G variant allele were associated with increased IL-31 levels compared to the homozygous wild-type genotype in patients with SLE. The rs7977932 C/G polymorphism of IL-31 gene and its sIL-31 levels were associated with SLE in the Chinese population. Our data suggest that IL-31 gene may play a role in the development of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tuo Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Ming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
- Institute of Medical Laboratory, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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5
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Mice Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46733-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Talaat RM, Alrefaey SA, Bassyouni IH, Ashour ME, Raouf AA. Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus eythematosus. Lupus 2015; 25:255-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203315615219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Cytokine gene polymorphisms play an important role in SLE. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their susceptibility to SLE and the implications for plasma levels. We genotyped IL-6-174G/C (rs1800795) using mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and IL-10-1082G/A (rs1800896) and -819C/T (rs1800871) using sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) in 100 Egyptian patients and 119 controls. The plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was significant increase in the frequency of IL-6 (-174) GG genotype ( P < 0.05) and G allele ( P < 0.01) compared to controls. A significant increase in the distribution of IL-10 (-1082G/A) GG ( P < 0.05) and AA ( P < 0.05) genotypes and a significant reduction in the frequency of GA genotype ( P < 0.05) was found in SLE patients. The mean serum concentration of IL-6 ( P < 0.001) and IL-10 ( P < 0.001) was significantly elevated in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. There was no significant association of the most common clinical findings and IL-6 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms in SLE patients. In conclusion, our preliminary study indicated that both GG genotype and G allele of IL-6 (-174G/C) could be considered as risk factors for SLE. In addition, the polymorphisms at IL-10 (-1082 G/G and AA) may play a role in SLE susceptibility in Egyptian patients. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Talaat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - S A Alrefaey
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - I H Bassyouni
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M E Ashour
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
- Center of Genomics, Helmy Institute, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - A A Raouf
- National Liver Institute (NLI), Menofiya University, Al Menofiya, Egypt
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7
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Apostolidis SA, Lieberman LA, Kis-Toth K, Crispín JC, Tsokos GC. The dysregulation of cytokine networks in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:769-79. [PMID: 21877904 PMCID: PMC3189553 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with chronic immune activation and tissue damage. Organ damage in SLE results from the deposition of immune complexes and the infiltration of activated T cells into susceptible organs. Cytokines are intimately involved in every step of the SLE pathogenesis. Defective immune regulation and uncontrolled lymphocyte activation, as well as increased antigen presenting cell maturation are all influenced by cytokines. Moreover, expansion of local immune responses as well as tissue infiltration by pathogenic cells is instigated by cytokines. In this review, we describe the main cytokine abnormalities reported in SLE and discuss the mechanisms that drive their aberrant production as well as the pathogenic pathways that their presence promotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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8
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Chua KH, Kee BP, Tan SY, Lian LH. Interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms (-174 G/C) in Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 42:551-5. [PMID: 19448905 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2009000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves the inflammation of various organs upon deposition of immune complexes and is characterized by uncontrolled B cell hyperactivity. Despite intensive research on the etiology of the disease, the exact cause of the onset of SLE is unknown. The pathogenesis of the disease has been proposed to be associated with the imbalance of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine activities. Elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a Th2 cytokine with various functions in the regulation of human biological systems, are observed in SLE patients. In the present study, 100 Malaysian SLE patients and 100 controls were evaluated in order to determine the association of polymorphisms existing in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene with the onset of SLE. The homozygous G genotype was found to be significant in SLE patients (chi(2) = 33.754; P = 0.00000000625), whereas the heterozygous G/C genotype was significant in the controls (chi(2)= 25.087; P = 0.000000548). We suggest that the C allele might have a masking effect on the G allele when both alleles are present in heterozygous individuals. However, we did not observe any significant association of the homozygous C allele with the onset of SLE or with protection from the disease (chi(2) = 1.684; P = 0.194366).
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chua
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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9
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Heng CK, Pin KB, Yen TS, Hoong LL. Genetic Polymorphisms of Interleukin-4 Third Intron Region in the Malaysian Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2008.437.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Deng W, Han Q, Liao L, You S, Deng H, Zhao RCH. Effects of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on T and B Lymphocytes from BXSB Mice. DNA Cell Biol 2005; 24:458-63. [PMID: 16008514 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2005.24.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) can differentiate into a number of different cell/tissue types, and also possess immunoregulatory functions. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the exact immunoregulatory effects of allogeneic bMSCs on T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation, activation, and function maturation of BXSB mice, which has been considered as a experimental model for human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We determined that bMSCs from BALB/c mice had inhibitory effects on BXSB mice T-lymphocyte proliferation, but no inhibitory effect on their activation. In addition, they had a significant inhibitory and stimulatory effect on IL-4- and IFN-gamma-producing T cells, respectively. Also, bMSCs had inhibitory effects on the proliferation, activation, and IgG secretion of B lymphocytes. In addition, BALB/c bMSCs had an enhancing effect on CD40 expression and inhibitory effects on CD40 ligand (CD40L) ectopic hyperexpression on B cells from BXSB mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Deng
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Singh AK, Yang JQ, Parekh VV, Wei J, Wang CR, Joyce S, Singh RR, Van Kaer L. The natural killer T cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide prevents or promotes pristane-induced lupus in mice. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1143-54. [PMID: 15761849 PMCID: PMC2291523 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in organs such as kidneys and presence of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. We have previously shown that CD1d deficiency in BALB/c mice exacerbates lupus nephritis and autoantibody production induced by the hydrocarbon oil pristane. Here, we have tested the impact of activating CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells on pristane-induced lupus-like autoimmunity in BALB/c and SJL mice. Repeated in vivo treatment of pristane-injected BALB/c mice with the NKT cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) prior to the onset of florid disease suppressed proteinuria, in a manner that was dependent on CD1d and IL-4 expression. In sharp contrast, however, similar treatment of pristane-injected SJL mice with alpha-GalCer resulted in increased proteinuria. Consistent with these dichotomous effects of NKT cell activation on the development of lupus-like autoimmunity, NKT cells in BALB/c and SJL/J mice exhibited a mixed Th1/Th2 and a Th1-biased cytokine production profile, respectively. These findings demonstrate that NKT cell activation with alpha-GalCer suppresses or promotes pristane-induced lupus-like autoimmunity in mice, in a strain-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneesh K. Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Jun-Qi Yang
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Vrajesh V. Parekh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Ram R. Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
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Nozaki Y, Yamagata T, Yoo BS, Sugiyama M, Ikoma S, Kinoshita K, Funauchi M, Kanamaru A. The beneficial effects of treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid plus corticosteroid on autoimmune nephritis in NZB/WF mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:74-83. [PMID: 15606616 PMCID: PMC1809273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids are highly effective anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs used commonly to treat human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which belongs to a class of retinoids that exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions, can also suppress the development of lupus nephritis in an animal model. However, both agents can inflict serious adverse effects. Here, we have asked whether ATRA can serve as a steroid-sparing drug in the treatment of lupus nephritis. To examine the efficacy of combining predonisolone (PSL) with ATRA, we treated intraperitoneally New Zealand black/white F1 (NZB/W F1) mice with PSL, ATRA or both agents. Survival rate and proteinuria were determined once a month. Cytokine and anti-DNA antibody production were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Renal histopathology was observed by haematoxylin and periodic acid Schiff (PAS), immunoperoxidase and immunohistochemical assay. Survival rate and proteinuria were improved in all experimental groups, and were much improved in the mice receiving the combination of ATRA and PSL (P <0.05). A single administration of ATRA reduced the Th1 [interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-12], and a Th2 (IL-4) cytokine level, as effectively as administration of PSL. ATRA also suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the kidney. The combination of PSL and ATRA significantly reduced IgG2 (especially IgG2b)-specific anti-DNA antibody levels in comparison with administration of either agent alone. These data suggest that ATRA might have the potential to act as a new therapeutic and steroid-sparing drug against lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nozaki
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Illei GG, Tackey E, Lapteva L, Lipsky PE. Biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: II. Markers of disease activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:2048-65. [PMID: 15248202 DOI: 10.1002/art.20345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Illei
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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14
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Rhee RJ, Carlton S, Lomas JL, Lane C, Brossay L, Cioffi WG, Ayala A. Inhibition of CD1d activation suppresses septic mortality: a role for NK-T cells in septic immune dysfunction. J Surg Res 2003; 115:74-81. [PMID: 14572776 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4804(03)00220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate that following septic insult there is development of generalized immune dysfunction in T cells, B cells and phagocytes, which is thought to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Specifically, there is a shift in the lymphocytes of septic animals toward an increased release of Th2 cytokines. NK-T cells have been shown to contribute to propagation of the Th2 response. The influence of NK-T cells on the immune response to septic challenge is poorly understood. In this study, we examine whether NK-T cells contribute to the immune dysfunction seen following the onset of polymicrobial sepsis, as produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male 129S1/SvImJ mice were pretreated with either rat IgG (isotypic control) or monoclonal antibody to CD1d (clone 1B1) (0.5 mg), which blocks signaling/antigen presentation via the CD1d cell surface receptor, thereby, ablating the activation and differentiation of the NK-T cells. Septic survival with and without anti-CD1d (CLP/CD1d) pretreatment was assessed. Mice sacrificed 24 h after CLP were assessed for change in splenic %NK-T cell (via flourescense activated cell sector) and for splenic, hepatic, and lymphoid/macrophage production of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines (via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RESULTS Administration of anti-CD1d reduced septic mortality 35% at 6-10 d (n = 23 mice/group) (P <.05). There was a consistent increase in the %CD3(+) NK1.1(+) cell population (NK-T cells) in septic mice (1.706%), which was markedly suppressed by pretreatment with anti-CD1d (0.592%). IL-6 and IL-10 levels were suppressed by anti-CD1d in the spleen and blood. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings imply not only that NK-T cells may play a role in mediating the immune suppression seen in bacterial sepsis, but that inhibition of their activation promotes survival to septic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Rhee
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, USA
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Lauwerys BR, Houssiau FA. Involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 520:237-51. [PMID: 12613582 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0171-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B R Lauwerys
- Rheumatology Unit, Christian de Duve, Institute of Cellular Pathology, University Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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16
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Harada K, Isse K, Tsuneyama K, Ohta H, Nakanuma Y. Accumulating CD57 + CD3 + natural killer T cells are related to intrahepatic bile duct lesions in primary biliary cirrhosis. Liver Int 2003; 23:94-100. [PMID: 12654131 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2003.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some populations of extrathymic T cells including natural killer T (NKT) cells are involved in autoimmune diseases. In particular, a deficiency of NKT cells has been implicated in human systemic sclerosis. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts and the formation of granulomas. It is generally believed that cellular immune mechanisms, particularly T cells, cause the bile duct damage in PBC. METHODS In this study, to investigate the unique population of extrathymic T cells in PBC, we examined the T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha 24-J alpha Q gene and CD57 + CD3 + cells corresponding to the major genotype and one of the phenotypes of NKT cells, respectively. RESULTS By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), amplicons of the V alpha 24-J alpha Q gene fragment in liver tissues of PBC were found to be similar to those of control diseased livers, demonstrating that there was no distinct deficiency of V alpha 24-J alpha Q + NKT cells in PBC. Immunohistochemistry for CD57 and CD3 revealed the CD57 + CD3 + cells to be distributed in portal tracts and hepatic parenchyma in all cases studied, but the numbers of these cells were increased within portal tracts in PBC, in particular around injured interlobular bile ducts, compared to other diseased and normal livers. CONCLUSION This indicates that an immune disturbance induced by a selective reduction of V alpha 24-J alpha Q + NKT cells is unlikely to occur in PBC. Inversely, it can be postulated that auto aggressive CD57 + CD3 + NKT cells are recruited to regulate the altered immunity of the periductal microenvironment in PBC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD57 Antigens/metabolism
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/metabolism
- Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/metabolism
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Electrophoresis
- Female
- Genome, Human
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Statistics as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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17
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Dean GS, Anand A, Blofeld A, Isenberg DA, Lydyard PM. Characterization of CD3+ CD4- CD8- (double negative) T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: production of IL-4. Lupus 2003; 11:501-7. [PMID: 12220104 DOI: 10.1191/0961203302lu234oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that may affect every organ or system in the body. We have shown previously that the TCR alphabeta+ subpopulation of CD3+ CD4- CD8-, DN T cells is expanded in patients with SLE and that double negative T cells express increased levels of activation markers compared both with healthy people and with patients with rheumatoid arthritis, (RA) as autoimmune controls. The aim of this study was to characterize these cells in terms of their ability to produce IL4, a Th2 cytokine, both spontaneously and after mitogen stimulation. It was found that a higher percentage of TCR alphabeta+ double negative T cells from patients with SLE contained IL4 constitutively than did the same population of cells from healthy people or from those with RA. After mitogen stimulation, there was no significant difference in the amount of IL4 produced by each of the three groups. Further study of patients producing high levels of IL4 (about one third of the patients) indicated that they had a lower percentage of alphabeta+ T cells in the double negative compartment than did patients with fewer IL4 containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Dean
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, UK
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18
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Anand A, Dean GS, Quereshi K, Isenberg DA, Lydyard PM. Characterization of CD3+ CD4- CD8- (double negative) T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: activation markers. Lupus 2003; 11:493-500. [PMID: 12220103 DOI: 10.1191/0961203302lu235oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B cell hyperactivity and the production of autoantibodies, some of which (antibodies to dsDNA) are thought to be pathogenic. T helper cells drive the production of autoantibodies and the aim of this study is to characterize phenotypically a subpopulation of T cells (the CD3+ CD4- CD8-, double negative (DN) T cells) previously identified as helping to enhance anti-DNA antibodies in patients with SLE. Data were obtained using FACS staining of DN T cells that had been purified from PBMCs by magnetic bead separation. The percentage of TCR alphabeta+ DN T cells was found to be significantly higher in patients with SLE as compared with controls (P = 0.02), although there was no significant increase in total percentage of DN T cells, which includes TCR gammadelta+ cells. Activation markers HLA-DR and CD69, the costimulatory molecule CD28 and CTLA-4 were all expressed on the surface of a higher percentage of DN T cells in patients with SLE than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or healthy controls (HC). More DN T cells from patients with SLE were of CD45RA phenotype than was found in controls, while CD45RO-expressing cells were reduced. In addition, DN T cells from patients with SLE expressed significantly higher levels of HLA-DR (P = 0.006), CD28 (P = 0.05), CTLA4 (P = 0.03) and CD45RA (P = 0.05) on the cell surface than those from the CD4/8 population. Correlation of expression of the markers measured with various parameters of disease activity and severity showed that high levels of HLA-DR expression correlated with high circulating serum C3 (> 0.9 IU/ml), indicating that an activated phenotype is consistent with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anand
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, UK
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19
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Abstract
NKT cells represent a unique T cell lineage that recognize glycolipid antigens in the context of the non-classical MHC class I molecule CD1d. NKT cells are potent producers of immunoregulatory cytokines, and have been implicated in several different autoimmune diseases in mice and humans, including Type 1 diabetes, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis--a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma. This review will cover the evidence for an involvement for NKT cells in these autoimmune diseases, and discuss the potential for therapeutic manipulation of these cells as a means of preventing autoimmune disease in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J L Hammond
- Division of development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA
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20
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Min DJ, Cho ML, Cho CS, Min SY, Kim WU, Yang SY, Min JK, Hong YS, Lee SH, Park SH, Kim HY. Decreased production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma is associated with renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2001; 30:159-63. [PMID: 11469526 DOI: 10.1080/030097401300162932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the type 1/type 2 cytokine balance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) according to the presence of renal disorder and activity status. METHODS We measured the serum levels of type 1 (IFN-gamma, IL-12) and type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) as well as spontaneous and stimulated cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 40 patients with SLE. RESULTS Patients with lupus nephritis (LN) showed significantly lower levels of serum IL-12 and IFN-gamma than those without LN. Production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma by stimulated PBMC were also decreased in patients with LN. The circulating IL-12 correlated positively with IFN-gamma, but inversely with IL-10. The SLEDAI scores correlated well with the ratio of IL-4/IFN-gamma levels. CONCLUSION The reduced production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma and the resultant shift towards the type 2 cytokine phenotype may be associated with LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Min
- Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
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21
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Baeten D, Van Damme N, Van den Bosch F, Kruithof E, De Vos M, Mielants H, Veys EM, De Keyser F. Impaired Th1 cytokine production in spondyloarthropathy is restored by anti-TNFalpha. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60:750-5. [PMID: 11454638 PMCID: PMC1753790 DOI: 10.1136/ard.60.8.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of anti-TNFalpha on the Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 20 patients with active SpA treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg). For comparison, PBMC were also obtained from 15 healthy controls and 19 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After stimulation with PMA/ionomycin, the intracellular cytokines interleukin (IL)2, IL4, IL10, and interferon (IFN)gamma were determined in CD3+ T cells and in CD3+/CD56+ natural killer (NK) T cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS At baseline the percentage of T cells positive for IFNgamma (p=0.020) and IL2 (p=0.046) was decreased in patients with SpA compared with healthy controls, while IL10 (p=0.001) was increased. This cytokine profile, confirmed by the mean fluorescence intensities (MFI), was more pronounced in CD3+/CD8- cells and contrasted with higher IL2 production in RA. NK T cells, characterised by high IL4 and IL10 numbers, were also increased in patients with SpA (p=0.017). Treatment with infliximab induced a significant and persistent increase in IFNgamma and IL2 in patients with SpA. Moreover, there was a transient decrease in IL10 and NK T cells in patients with high baseline values, resulting in values comparable with those of healthy controls. This switch in cytokine profile was seen in both the CD3+/CD8- and CD3+/CD8+ subsets. CONCLUSIONS Before treatment patients with SpA had an impaired Th1 cytokine profile compared with healthy controls and patients with RA. TNFalpha blockade induced restoration of the Th1 cytokines, resulting in a normal cytokine balance. These data confirm the effect of anti-TNFalpha on the immune changes in SpA, and provide insights into the mechanisms involved in TNFalpha blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baeten
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Godfrey DI, Hammond KJ, Poulton LD, Smyth MJ, Baxter AG. NKT cells: facts, functions and fallacies. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 2000; 21:573-83. [PMID: 11094262 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5699(00)01735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The proposed roles of NK1.1(+) T (NKT) cells in immune responses range from suppression of autoimmunity to tumor rejection. Heterogeneity of these cells contributes to the controversy surrounding their development and function. This review aims to provide an update on NKT cell biology and, whenever possible, to compare what is known about NKT-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Godfrey
- Dept of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Commercial Road, VIC. 3181, Prahran, Australia.
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23
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Sieling PA, Porcelli SA, Duong BT, Spada F, Bloom BR, Diamond B, Hahn BH. Human double-negative T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus provide help for IgG and are restricted by CD1c. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:5338-44. [PMID: 11046069 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To understand the mechanism of T cell help for IgG production in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) we investigated the response of CD4- and CD8-negative (double-negative (DN)) T cells because 1) DN T cells are present at unusually high frequency in patients with SLE and can induce pathogenic autoantibodies; 2) the DN T cell repertoire includes cells restricted by CD1 Ag-presenting molecules; and 3) CD1c is expressed on a population of circulating B cells. We derived DN T cell lines from SLE patients and healthy individuals. In the presence of CD1(+) APCs, DN T cell lines from SLE patients produced both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, whereas DN T cells from healthy donors produced IFN-gamma, but no IL-4. In general, cells from patients with highly active disease produced high levels of IFN-gamma; cells from those with little activity produced high IL-4. Coculture of CD1c-directly reactive T cells from healthy donors with CD1c(+) B cells elicited IgM Abs, but little or no IgG. In contrast, CD1c-directly reactive T cells from SLE patients induced isotype switching, with a striking increase in IgG production. Neutralizing Abs to CD1c inhibited the ability of DN T cells to induce IgG production from CD1c(+) B cells, further indicating that CD1c mediated the T and B cell interaction. IgG production was also inhibited by neutralizing Abs to IL-4, correlating with the cytokine pattern of DN T cells derived from these patients. The data suggest that CD1c-restricted T cells from SLE patients can provide help to CD1c(+) B cells for IgG production and could therefore promote pathogenic autoantibody responses in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Sieling
- Division of Dermatology and Rheumatology, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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