1
|
Cohen ML, Brumwell AN, Che Ho T, Montas G, Golden JA, Jones KD, Wolters PJ, Wei Y, Chapman HA, Le Saux CJ. A fibroblast-dependent TGFβ1/sFRP2 noncanonical Wnt signaling axis underlies epithelial metaplasia in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.02.551383. [PMID: 37577522 PMCID: PMC10418166 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between alveolar fibroblasts and epithelial cells are crucial for lung homeostasis, injury repair, and fibrogenesis, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, we administered the fibroblast-selective TGFβ1 signaling inhibitor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), to Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) patients undergoing diagnostic lung biopsy and conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on spare tissue. Unexposed biopsy samples showed higher fibroblast TGFβ1 signaling compared to non-disease donor or end-stage ILD tissues. In vivo, EGCG significantly downregulated TGFβ1 signaling and several pro-inflammatory and stress pathways in biopsy samples. Notably, EGCG reduced fibroblast secreted Frizzle-like Receptor Protein 2 (sFRP2), an unrecognized TGFβ1 fibroblast target gene induced near type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s). In human AEC2-fibroblast coculture organoids, sFRP2 was essential for AEC2 trans-differentiation to basal cells. Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) from normal donors demonstrated that TGFβ1 promoted KRT17 expression and AEC2 morphological change, while sFRP2 was necessary for KRT5 expression in AEC2-derived basaloid cells. Wnt-receptor Frizzled 5 (Fzd5) expression and downstream calcineurin-related signaling in AEC2s were required for sFRP2-induced KRT5 expression. These findings highlight stage-specific TGFβ1 signaling in ILD, the therapeutic potential of EGCG in reducing IPF-related transcriptional changes, and identify the TGFβ1-non-canonical Wnt pathway crosstalk via sFRP2 as a novel mechanism for dysfunctional epithelial signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/ILD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max L. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexis N. Brumwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tsung Che Ho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Genevieve Montas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey A. Golden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kirk D. Jones
- Department of Pathology; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul J. Wolters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Harold A. Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Claude J. Le Saux
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng J, Li M, Bai R. The Wnt signaling cascade in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and related promising treatment strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:954454. [PMID: 36117702 PMCID: PMC9479192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.954454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation, and changes in periarticular and subchondral bone. Recent studies have reported that Wnt signaling cascades play an important role in the development, growth, and homeostasis of joints. The Wnt signaling cascade should be tightly regulated to maintain the homeostasis of cartilage in either the over-activation or the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin, as this could lead to OA. This review summarizes the role and mechanism of canonical Wnt cascade and noncanonical Wnt cascade experiments in vivo and in vitro. The Wnt cascade is controlled by several agonists and antagonists in the extracellular medium and the cytoplasm. These antagonists and agonists serve as key molecules in drug intervention into the Wnt pathway and may provide potential approaches for the treatment of OA. However, the complexity of the Wnt signaling cascade and the pharmaceutical effects on its mechanism are still not fully understood, which forces us to conduct further research and develop efficient therapeutic approaches to treat OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuancheng Central Hospital, Xuancheng, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuancheng Central Hospital, Xuancheng, China
| | - Ruijun Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ruijun Bai,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goad J, Rudolph J, Zandigohar M, Tae M, Dai Y, Wei JJ, Bulun SE, Chakravarti D, Rajkovic A. Single-cell sequencing reveals novel cellular heterogeneity in uterine leiomyomas. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2334-2349. [PMID: 36001050 PMCID: PMC9802286 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the cellular composition and single-cell transcriptomic differences between myometrium and leiomyomas as defined by single-cell RNA sequencing? SUMMARY ANSWER We discovered cellular heterogeneity in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblast and endothelial cell populations in both myometrium and leiomyoma tissues. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have shown the presence of SMCs, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells in myometrium and leiomyomas. However, there is no information on the cellular heterogeneity in these tissues and the transcriptomic differences at the single-cell level between these tissues. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We collected five leiomyoma and five myometrium samples from a total of eight patients undergoing hysterectomy. We then performed single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a cell atlas for both tissues. We utilized our single-cell sequencing data to define cell types, compare cell types by tissue type (leiomyoma versus myometrium) and determine the transcriptional changes at a single-cell resolution between leiomyomas and myometrium. Additionally, we performed MED12-variant analysis at the single-cell level to determine the genotype heterogeneity within leiomyomas. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We collected five MED12-variant positive leiomyomas and five myometrium samples from a total of eight patients. We then performed single-cell RNA sequencing on freshly isolated single-cell preparations. Histopathological assessment confirmed the identity of the samples. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the presence of the MED12 variant in leiomyomas. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Our data revealed previously unknown heterogeneity in the SMC, fibroblast cell and endothelial cell populations of myometrium and leiomyomas. We discovered the presence of two different lymphatic endothelial cell populations specific to uterine leiomyomas. We showed that both myometrium and MED12-variant leiomyomas are relatively similar in cellular composition but differ in cellular transcriptomic profiles. We found that fibroblasts influence the leiomyoma microenvironment through their interactions with endothelial cells, immune cells and SMCs. Variant analysis at the single-cell level revealed the presence of both MED12 variants as well as the wild-type MED12 allele in SMCs of leiomyomatous tissue. These results indicate genotype heterogeneity of cellular composition within leiomyomas. LARGE SCALE DATA The datasets are available in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using GSE162122. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study focused on MED12-variant positive leiomyomas for single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. Leiomyomas carrying other genetic rearrangements may differ in their cellular composition and transcriptomic profiles. WIDER IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FINDINGS Our study provides a cellular atlas for myometrium and MED12-variant positive leiomyomas as defined by single-cell RNA sequencing. Our analysis provides significant insight into the differences between myometrium and leiomyomas at the single-cell level and reveals hitherto unknown genetic heterogeneity in multiple cell types within human leiomyomas. Our results will be important for future studies into the origin and growth of human leiomyomas. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD098580 and HD088629). The authors declare no competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Goad
- Correspondence address. Department of Pathology, HSW-518, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Tel: +415-502-4961; E-mail: (A.R.); Tel: +415-514-4687, E-mail: (J.G.)
| | - Joshua Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mehrdad Zandigohar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Tae
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Wei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Sciences in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Debabrata Chakravarti
- Division of Reproductive Sciences in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Correspondence address. Department of Pathology, HSW-518, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Tel: +415-502-4961; E-mail: (A.R.); Tel: +415-514-4687, E-mail: (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spicer LJ. Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site regulation of bovine theca cells. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6309027. [PMID: 34166505 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian paracrine mediation by components of the wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site ligands (WNT1 to 11) and their receptors, frizzled family members (FZD1 to 10), has been proposed. Secreted truncated forms of FZD proteins (e.g., secreted frizzled-related protein 4 [SFRP4]) block the action of WNT ligands. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is another WNT antagonist, and R-spondin-1 (RSPO1) is one of a group of four secreted proteins that enhance WNT/β-catenin signaling. Our hypothesis was that granulosa cells signal theca cells (TCs) via SFRP4, DKK1, RSPO1, and WNT secretion to regulate TC differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, in vitro experiments were conducted to study the effects of WNT family member 3A (WNT3A), WNT5A, RSPO1, DKK1, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), Indian hedgehog (IHH), and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) on bovine TC proliferation and steroidogenesis. TCs of large (8 to 20 mm) and small (3 to 6 mm) follicles were collected from bovine ovaries; TC monolayers were established in vitro and treated with various doses of recombinant human WNT3A, WNT5A, RSPO1, DKK1, IGF1, FGF9, BMP7, IHH, and/or ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum-free medium for 48 h. In experiment 1, using LH-treated TC, IGF1, IHH, and WNT3A increased (P < 0.05) cell numbers and androstenedione production, whereas WNT3A and BMP7 inhibited (P < 0.05) progesterone production. In experiment 2, FGF9 blocked (P < 0.05) the WNT3A-induced increase in androstenedione production in LH plus IGF1-treated TC. In experiment 3, RSPO1 further increased (P < 0.05) LH plus IGF1-induced progesterone and androstenedione production. In experiment 4, SFRP4 and DKK1 alone had no significant effect on TC proliferation or progesterone production of large-follicle TC but both blocked the inhibitory effect of WNT5A on androstenedione production. In contrast, DKK1 alone inhibited (P < 0.05) small-follicle TC androstenedione production whereas SFRP4 was without effect. We conclude that the ovarian TC WNT system is functional in cattle, with WNT3A increasing proliferation and androstenedione production of TC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng G, Li X, Qin F, Xu R, Zhang Y, Liu J, Gu S, Jin Y. Functional analysis of the Frzb2 gene in Schistosoma japonicum. Vet Res 2019; 50:108. [PMID: 31829289 PMCID: PMC6907234 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a globally important helminthic disease of humans and animals, and it is the second most common parasitic disease after malaria. Eggs produced by mature females are responsible for the disease’s occurrence and spread. Frzb2, a secreted frizzled-related protein, can inhibit Wnt signalling by competitive binding to the specific frizzled protein receptor. In this study, the complete gene sequence of SjFrzb2 was obtained by using 3′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology. SjFrzb2 transcript levels at different stages of S. japonicum maturation were evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. SjFrzb2 was expressed at all developmental stages examined and exhibited the highest transcription level in 7-day-old worms, then gradually decreased during the growth and developmental stages to reach the lowest level at 18 days post-infection. SjFrzb2 gene expression was higher in female worms than in male worms and was significantly higher in female worms from a single-sex infection than in female worms from a bisexual infection. The functions of SjFrzb2 were explored via a small interfering RNA-based gene silencing approach and the soaking method. The results showed that SjFrzb2 gene knockdown impaired the growth and development of S. japonicum in mice, affecting not only the survival and morphological structure of the worms but also their reproductive ability and the viability of the produced eggs. Collectively, these observations imply that Frzb2 may be a novel target for the development of immuno- and/or small molecule-based therapeutics to control schistosomiasis fecundity and transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanglin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Gu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yamei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Claudel M, Jouzeau JY, Cailotto F. Secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) in osteo-articular diseases: much more than simple antagonists of Wnt signaling? FEBS J 2019; 286:4832-4851. [PMID: 31677330 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteo-articular diseases are characterized by a dysregulation of joint and/or bone homeostasis. These include diseases affecting the joints originally, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, or the bone, such as osteoporosis. Inflammation and the involvement of Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathways are key pathophysiological features of these diseases resulting in tissue degradation by matrix-degrading enzymes, namely matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTs), secreted by the joint resident cells and/or by infiltrating immune cells. Activation of Wnt signaling pathways is modulated by different families of proteins, including Dickkopfs and the secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs). The sFRP family is composed of five secreted glycoproteins in mammals that regulate Wnt signaling in the extracellular compartment. Indeed, sFRPs are able to bind both to the soluble Wnt ligands and to their cell membrane receptors, the Frizzled proteins. Their expression profile is altered in osteo-articular diseases, suggesting that they could account for the abnormal activation of Wnt pathways. In the present article, we review how sFRPs are more than simple antagonists of the Wnt signaling pathways and discuss their pathophysiological relevance in the context of osteo-articular diseases. We detail their Wnt-dependent and their Wnt-independent roles, with a particular emphasis on their ability to modulate the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We also discuss their potential therapeutic use with a focus on bone remodeling, osteo-articular cancers, and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Claudel
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Cailotto
- UMR 7365 CNRS-UL IMoPA, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yue B, Li H, Liu M, Wu J, Li M, Lei C, Huang B, Chen H. Characterization of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network to Reveal Potential Functional ceRNAs in Bovine Skeletal Muscle. Front Genet 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30842787 PMCID: PMC6391848 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that non-coding RNAs are emerging as critical regulators of skeletal muscle development. In order to reveal their functional roles and regulatory mechanisms, we constructed a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network according to the ceRNA (competitive endogenous RNA) theory, using our high-throughput sequencing data. Subsequently, the network analysis, GO (Gene Ontology) analysis, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis were performed for functional annotation and exploration of lncRNA ceRNAs. The results uncovered a scale-free characteristics network which exhibited high functional specificity for bovine skeletal muscle development: co-expression lncRNAs were significantly enriched in muscle development related biological processes and the Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) indicated that the risk score has a tendency to associate with myogenesis, and differentially expressed RNAs were validated by qPCR, further confirming the credibility of our network. In summary, this study provides insights into lncRNA-mediated ceRNA function and mechanisms in bovine skeletal muscle development and will expand our understanding of lncRNA biology in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiyao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingxun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Guo X, Li M, Gao P, Cao G, Zhang W, Liu M, Wang H, Qin B, Liu J, Wang L, Li B, Han J. Identification of candidate genes of growth traits in pigs using RNA-sequencing. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1507628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Benyuan Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Junwen Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hosseini V, Dani C, Geranmayeh MH, Mohammadzadeh F, Nazari Soltan Ahmad S, Darabi M. Wnt lipidation: Roles in trafficking, modulation, and function. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8040-8054. [PMID: 30341908 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway consists of various downstream target proteins that have substantial roles in mammalian cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. Its aberrant activity can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and tumorigenesis. The posttranslational connection of fatty acyl chains to Wnt proteins provides the unique capacity for regulation of Wnt activity. In spite of the past belief that Wnt molecules are subject to dual acylation, it has been shown that these proteins have only one acylation site and undergo monounsaturated fatty acylation. The Wnt monounsaturated fatty acyl chain is more than just a hydrophobic coating and appears to be critical for Wnt signaling, transport, and receptor activation. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings in Wnt monounsaturated fatty acylation and the mechanism by which this lipid moiety regulates Wnt activity from the site of production to its receptor interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hosseini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Darabi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rogers CD, Nie S. Specifying neural crest cells: From chromatin to morphogens and factors in between. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e322. [PMID: 29722151 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are a stem-like multipotent population of progenitor cells that are present in vertebrate embryos, traveling to various regions in the developing organism. Known as the "fourth germ layer," these cells originate in the ectoderm between the neural plate (NP), which will become the brain and spinal cord, and nonneural tissues that will become the skin and the sensory organs. NC cells can differentiate into more than 30 different derivatives in response to the appropriate signals including, but not limited to, craniofacial bone and cartilage, sensory nerves and ganglia, pigment cells, and connective tissue. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the induction and specification of NC cells include epigenetic control, multiple interactive and redundant transcriptional pathways, secreted signaling molecules, and adhesion molecules. NC cells are important not only because they transform into a wide variety of tissue types, but also because their ability to detach from their epithelial neighbors and migrate throughout developing embryos utilizes mechanisms similar to those used by metastatic cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms required for the induction and specification of NC cells in various vertebrate species, focusing on the roles of early morphogenesis, cell adhesion, signaling from adjacent tissues, and the massive transcriptional network that controls the formation of these amazing cells. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal D Rogers
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim HT, Lee MS, Jeong YM, Ro H, Kim DI, Shin YH, Kim JE, Hwang KS, Choi JH, Bahn M, Lee JJ, Lee SH, Bae YK, Lee JS, Choi JK, Kim NS, Yeo CY, Kim CH. Ottogi Inhibits Wnt/β-catenin Signaling by Regulating Cell Membrane Trafficking of Frizzled8. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13278. [PMID: 29038508 PMCID: PMC5643531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling controls critical developmental processes including tissue/body patterning. Here we report the identification of a novel regulator of Wnt signaling, OTTOGI (OTG), isolated from a large-scale expression screening of human cDNAs in zebrafish embryos. Overexpression of OTG in zebrafish embryos caused dorso-anteriorized phenotype, inhibited the expression of Wnt target genes, and prevented nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Conversely, knockdown of zebrafish otg using specific antisense morpholino promoted nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and caused ventralization. However, OTG failed to rescue headless-like phenotype induced by inhibition of GSK-3β activity, suggesting that OTG acts upstream of GSK-3β. OTG bound specifically to Frizzled8 (Fz8) receptor and caused retention of Fz8 in the endoplasmic reticulum possibly by preventing N-linked glycosylation of Fz8. Taken together, our data indicate that OTG functions as a novel negative regulator of Wnt signaling during development by the modulation of cell surface expression of Fz receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Minjin Bahn
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Lee
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Sang H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Young-Ki Bae
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, 410-769, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, 410-769, South Korea
| | - Joong-Kook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
| | - Chang-Yeol Yeo
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiometabolic diseases increasingly afflict our aging, dysmetabolic population. Complex signals regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and frizzled protein family members - the plasma membrane receptors for the cadre of Wnt polypeptide morphogens - contribute to the control of cardiovascular homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Both canonical (β-catenin-dependent) and noncanonical (β-catenin-independent) Wnt signaling programs control vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell phenotypic modulation in cardiometabolic disease. LRP6 limits VSM proliferation, reduces arteriosclerotic transcriptional reprogramming, and preserves insulin sensitivity while LRP5 restrains foam cell formation. Adipose, skeletal muscle, macrophages, and VSM have emerged as important sources of circulating Wnt ligands that are dynamically regulated during the prediabetes-diabetes transition with cardiometabolic consequences. Platelets release Dkk1, a LRP5/LRP6 inhibitor that induces endothelial inflammation and the prosclerotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition. By contrast, inhibitory secreted frizzled-related proteins shape the Wnt signaling milieu to limit myocardial inflammation with ischemia-reperfusion injury. VSM sclerostin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling in bone, restrains remodeling that predisposes to aneurysm formation, and is downregulated in aneurysmal vessels by epigenetic methylation. SUMMARY Components of the Wnt signaling cascade represent novel targets for pharmacological intervention in cardiometabolic disease. Conversely, strategies targeting the Wnt signaling cascade for other therapeutic purposes will have cardiovascular consequences that must be delineated to establish clinically useful pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Gay
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrine Division, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gu YT, Chen J, Meng ZL, Ge WY, Bian YY, Cheng SW, Xing CK, Yao JL, Fu J, Peng L. Research progress on osteoarthritis treatment mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1246-1252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
15
|
Zhao B, Chen Y, Yan X, Hao Y, Zhu J, Weng Q, Wu X. Gene expression profiling analysis reveals fur development in rex rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Genome 2017; 60:1060-1067. [PMID: 28850794 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fur is an important economic trait in rabbits. The identification of genes that influence fur development and knowledge regarding the actions of these genes provides useful tools for improving fur quality. However, the mechanism of fur development is unclear. To obtain candidate genes related to fur development, the transcriptomes of tissues from backs and bellies of Chinchilla rex rabbits were compared. Of the genes analyzed, 336 showed altered expression in the two groups (285 upregulated and 51 downregulated, P ≤ 0.05, fold-change ≥2 or ≤0.5). Using GO and KEGG to obtain gene classes that were differentially enriched, we found several genes to be involved in many important biological processes. In addition, we identified several signaling pathways involved in fur development, including the Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways, revealing mechanisms of skin and hair follicle development, and epidermal cell and keratinocytes differentiation. The obtained rabbit transcriptome and differentially expressed gene profiling data provided comprehensive gene expression information for SFRP2, FRZB, CACNG1, SLC25A4, and SLC16A3. To validate the RNA-seq data, the expression levels of eight differentially expressed genes involved in fur development were confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of rabbit transcriptomic profiling provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fur development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BoHao Zhao
- a The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Chen
- a The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - XiaoRong Yan
- a The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ye Hao
- a The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- a The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - QiaoQing Weng
- b Zhejiang Yuyao Xinnong Rabbit Industry Co., Ltd., Yuyao, Zhejiang 315400, China
| | - XinSheng Wu
- a The Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics & Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pachori AS, Madan M, Nunez Lopez YO, Yi F, Meyer C, Seyhan AA. Reduced skeletal muscle secreted frizzled-related protein 3 is associated with inflammation and insulin resistance. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:697-703. [PMID: 28240822 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (Sfrp3) in insulin sensitivity (ISi) and β-cell function in humans across a spectrum of glucose homeostasis. METHODS Subjects included those with normal glucose homeostasis (NGT; n = 18), prediabetes (PD; n = 11), or type 2 diabetes (T2D; n=12). Serum and skeletal muscle (SkM) Sfrp3 levels were measured by ELISA and qPCR, respectively, and insulin signaling pathway was assessed by Western blot. IS and β-cell function were assessed by indices derived from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS SkM Sfrp3 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in PD and T2D versus NGT. Similarly, serum Sfrp3 levels tended to be decreased in PD and T2D versus NGT. SkM Sfrp3 mRNA levels correlated negatively with circulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ) and positively with IS. In vitro-differentiated myotubes from lean insulin-sensitive subjects treated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or recombinant IL-6 demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in Sfrp3 gene expression. Treatment of myotubes with recombinant Sfrp3 restored LPS- and IL-6-induced attenuation of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation-induced reduction in SkM Sfrp3 expression may contribute to insulin resistance, and this effect may be prevented by addition of exogenous Sfrp3. Thus, Sfrp3 may be a novel target for insulin sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok S Pachori
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes at Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Meenu Madan
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes at Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yury O Nunez Lopez
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes at Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes at Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Meyer
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes at Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Attila A Seyhan
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes at Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Chemical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deries M, Thorsteinsdóttir S. Axial and limb muscle development: dialogue with the neighbourhood. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4415-4431. [PMID: 27344602 PMCID: PMC11108464 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are part of the musculoskeletal system which also includes nerves, tendons, connective tissue, bones and blood vessels. Here we review the development of axial and limb muscles in amniotes within the context of their surrounding tissues in vivo. We highlight the reciprocal dialogue mediated by signalling factors between cells of these adjacent tissues and developing muscles and also demonstrate its importance from the onset of muscle cell differentiation well into foetal development. Early embryonic tissues secrete factors which are important regulators of myogenesis. However, later muscle development relies on other tissue collaborators, such as developing nerves and connective tissue, which are in turn influenced by the developing muscles themselves. We conclude that skeletal muscle development in vivo is a compelling example of the importance of reciprocal interactions between developing tissues for the complete and coordinated development of a functional system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Deries
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Boucsein A, Benzler J, Hempp C, Stöhr S, Helfer G, Tups A. Photoperiodic and Diurnal Regulation of WNT Signaling in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Female Djungarian Hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Endocrinology 2016; 157:799-809. [PMID: 26646203 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The WNT pathway was shown to play an important role in the adult central nervous system. We previously identified the WNT pathway as a novel integration site of the adipokine leptin in mediating its neuroendocrine control of metabolism in obese mice. Here we investigated the implication of WNT signaling in seasonal body weight regulation exhibited by the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), a seasonal mammal that exhibits profound annual changes in leptin sensitivity. We furthermore investigated whether crucial components of the WNT pathway are regulated in a diurnal manner. Gene expression of key components of the WNT pathway in the hypothalamus of hamsters acclimated to either long day (LD) or short day (SD) photoperiod was analyzed by in situ hybridization. We detected elevated expression of the genes WNT-4, Axin-2, Cyclin-D1, and SFRP-2, in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a key energy balance integration site, during LD compared with SD as well as a diurnal regulation of Axin-2, Cyclin-D1, and DKK-3. Investigating the effect of photoperiod as well as leptin on the activation (phosphorylation) of the WNT coreceptor LRP-6-(Ser1490) by immunohistochemistry, we found elevated activity in the arcuate nucleus during LD relative to SD as well as after leptin treatment (2 mg/kg body weight). These findings indicate that differential WNT signaling may be associated with seasonal body weight regulation and is partially regulated in a diurnal manner in the adult brain. Furthermore, they suggest that this pathway plays a key role in the neuroendocrine regulation of body weight and integration of the leptin signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Boucsein
- Department of Physiology (A.B., A.T.), Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Animal Physiology (A.B., J.B., C.H., S.S., A.T.), Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; and Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (G.H.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Benzler
- Department of Physiology (A.B., A.T.), Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Animal Physiology (A.B., J.B., C.H., S.S., A.T.), Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; and Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (G.H.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy Hempp
- Department of Physiology (A.B., A.T.), Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Animal Physiology (A.B., J.B., C.H., S.S., A.T.), Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; and Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (G.H.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sigrid Stöhr
- Department of Physiology (A.B., A.T.), Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Animal Physiology (A.B., J.B., C.H., S.S., A.T.), Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; and Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (G.H.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gisela Helfer
- Department of Physiology (A.B., A.T.), Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Animal Physiology (A.B., J.B., C.H., S.S., A.T.), Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; and Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (G.H.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Tups
- Department of Physiology (A.B., A.T.), Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Department of Animal Physiology (A.B., J.B., C.H., S.S., A.T.), Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; and Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (G.H.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang K, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Nan G, Li Y, Zhang F, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Bi Y, He TC. The evolving roles of canonical WNT signaling in stem cells and tumorigenesis: implications in targeted cancer therapies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:116-36. [PMID: 26618721 PMCID: PMC4731283 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway governs a myriad of biological processes underlying the development and maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, including regulation of stem cell self-renewal, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WNTs are secreted lipid-modified glycoproteins that act as short-range ligands to activate receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The hallmark of the canonical pathway is the activation of β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity. Canonical WNTs control the β-catenin dynamics as the cytoplasmic level of β-catenin is tightly regulated via phosphorylation by the 'destruction complex', consisting of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), casein kinase 1α (CK1α), the scaffold protein AXIN, and the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Aberrant regulation of this signaling cascade is associated with varieties of human diseases, especially cancers. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of canonical WNT signaling. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of WNT signaling at the extracellular, cytoplasmic membrane, and intracellular/nuclear levels, including the emerging knowledge of cross-talk with other pathways. Recent progresses in developing novel WNT pathway-targeted therapies will also be reviewed. Thus, this review is intended to serve as a refresher of the current understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic roles of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and to outline potential therapeutic opportunities by targeting the canonical WNT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guoxin Nan
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yasha Li
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maryam K. Mohammed
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing, China, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Corresponding authors T.-C. He, MD, PhD, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3079, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel. (773) 702-7169; Fax (773) 834-4598, , Yang Bi, MD, PhD, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400046, China, Tel. 011-86-23-63633113; Fax: 011-86-236362690,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang J, Xiao Y, Hsu CW, Martinez-Traverso IM, Zhang M, Bai Y, Ishii M, Maxson RE, Olson EN, Dickinson ME, Wythe JD, Martin JF. Yap and Taz play a crucial role in neural crest-derived craniofacial development. Development 2016; 143:504-15. [PMID: 26718006 PMCID: PMC4760309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of the Hippo signaling pathway in cranial neural crest (CNC) development is poorly understood. We used the Wnt1(Cre) and Wnt1(Cre2SOR) drivers to conditionally ablate both Yap and Taz in the CNC of mice. When using either Cre driver, Yap and Taz deficiency in the CNC resulted in enlarged, hemorrhaging branchial arch blood vessels and hydrocephalus. However, Wnt1(Cre2SOR) mutants had an open cranial neural tube phenotype that was not evident in Wnt1(Cre) mutants. In O9-1 CNC cells, the loss of Yap impaired smooth muscle cell differentiation. RNA-sequencing data indicated that Yap and Taz regulate genes encoding Fox transcription factors, specifically Foxc1. Proliferation was reduced in the branchial arch mesenchyme of Yap and Taz CNC conditional knockout (CKO) embryos. Moreover, Yap and Taz CKO embryos had cerebellar aplasia similar to Dandy-Walker spectrum malformations observed in human patients and mouse embryos with mutations in Foxc1. In embryos and O9-1 cells deficient for Yap and Taz, Foxc1 expression was significantly reduced. Analysis of Foxc1 regulatory regions revealed a conserved recognition element for the Yap and Taz DNA binding co-factor Tead. ChIP-PCR experiments supported the conclusion that Foxc1 is directly regulated by the Yap-Tead complex. Our findings uncover important roles for Yap and Taz in CNC diversification and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Idaliz M Martinez-Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mamoru Ishii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert E Maxson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Klafke R, Prem Anand AA, Wurst W, Prakash N, Wizenmann A. Differences in the spatiotemporal expression and epistatic gene regulation of the mesodiencephalic dopaminergic precursor marker PITX3 during chicken and mouse development. Development 2016; 143:691-702. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.126748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons are located in the ventral mesencephalon and caudal diencephalon of all tetrapod species studied so far. They are the most prominent DA neuronal population and are implicated in control and modulation of motor, cognitive and rewarding/affective behaviors. Their degeneration or dysfunction is intimately linked to several neurological and neuropsychiatric human diseases. To gain further insights into their generation, we studied spatiotemporal expression patterns and epistatic interactions in chick embryos of selected marker genes and signaling pathways associated with mdDA neuron development in mouse. We detected striking differences in the expression patterns of the chick orthologs of the mouse mdDA marker genes Pitx3 and Aldh1a1, which suggests important differences between the species in the generation/generating of these cells. We also discovered that the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is both, necessary and sufficient for the induction of ectopic PITX3 expression in chick mesencephalon downstream of WNT9A induced LMX1a transcription. These aspects of early chicken development resemble the ontogeny of zebrafish diencephalic DA neuronal populations, and suggest a divergence between birds and mammals during evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Klafke
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A. Alwin Prem Anand
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Oesterbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Standort München, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 München, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wizenmann
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, Oesterbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim BK, Yoon SK. Expression of sfrp2 is increased in catagen of hair follicles and inhibits keratinocyte proliferation. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:79-87. [PMID: 24648690 PMCID: PMC3956799 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hair follicles undergo cycles of repeated growth and regression. The Wnt pathway plays an important role in the regeneration and differentiation of hair follicles. Sfrp2, a Wnt inhibitor, is involved in the developmental and disease processes of various cells and tissues by modulating the Wnt pathway. Objective The aim of this study was to understand the role of Sfrp2 in hair follicles through investigation of the Sfrp2 expression pattern in the skin and its effect on keratinocytes. Methods We investigated Sfrp2 mRNA expression and the expression of the wnt target genes, Ccnd1 and C-myc, at various mouse hair follicle developmental stages using Real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the effect of SFRP2 on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse keratinocyte cells by adding SFRP2 protein or overexpressing Sfrp2 using an in vitro culture system. Results Sfrp2 expression peaked in the catagen phase and remained high until telogen, and then declined at the beginning of the next anagen. An inverse relationship to Sfrp2 expression was found for the expression of the Wnt target genes, C-myc and Ccnd1. In addition, we also observed inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in the presence of SFRP2. Conclusion These results suggest that Sfrp2 may play a role in the catagen phase by inhibiting the proliferation of keratinocyte and functioning as a Wnt inhibitor in keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim Yoon
- Department of Medical Lifesciences, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sassi N, Laadhar L, Allouche M, Achek A, Kallel-Sellami M, Makni S, Sellami S. WNT signaling and chondrocytes: from cell fate determination to osteoarthritis physiopathology. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 34:73-80. [PMID: 24303940 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.863919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteoarthritis (OA) is an articular disorder leading to the degradation of articular cartilage phenotypical chondrocytes modifications, including the acquisition of a fibroblast-like morphology, decreased expression of collagen type II, and increased expression of fetal collagen type I, metalloproteinase 13 and nitric oxide synthase. This promotes matrix degradation and unsuccessful cartilage repair. WNT signaling constitutes one of the most critical biological processes during cell fate assignment and homeostasis. OBJECTIVES This review aims to give an insight on results from the studies that were interested in the involvement of WNT in OA. METHODS Studies were selected through a pubmed search. RESULTS Recent genetic data showed that aberration in WNT signaling may be involved in OA. WNT signals are transduced through at least three cascades: the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, the WNT/Ca(2+) pathway and the WNT/planar cell polarity pathway. Most of the studies used in-vitro models to elucidate the involvement of WNT in the physiopathology of OA. These studies analyzed the expression pattern of WNT pathway components during OA such as WNT5, WNT7, co-receptor LRP, β-catenin, WNT target genes (c-jun, cyclins) and/or the interaction of these components with the secretion of OA most important markers such as IL-1, collagens, MMPs. Results from these studies are in favor of a deep involvement of the WNT signaling in the physiopathology of OA either by having a protective or a destructive role. CONCLUSION Deeper researches may eventually allow scientists to target WNT pathway in order to help develop efficient therapeutic approaches to treat OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yip HK. Retinal stem cells and regeneration of vision system. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:137-60. [PMID: 24293400 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate retina is a well-characterized model for studying neurogenesis. Retinal neurons and glia are generated in a conserved order from a pool of mutlipotent progenitor cells. During retinal development, retinal stem/progenitor cells (RPC) change their competency over time under the influence of intrinsic (such as transcriptional factors) and extrinsic factors (such as growth factors). In this review, we summarize the roles of these factors, together with the understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate eye development. The information about the interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic factors for retinal cell fate specification is useful to regenerate specific retinal neurons from RPCs. Recent studies have identified RPCs in the retina, which may have important implications in health and disease. Despite the recent advances in stem cell biology, our understanding of many aspects of RPCs in the eye remains limited. PRCs are present in the developing eye of all vertebrates and remain active in lower vertebrates throughout life. In mammals, however, PRCs are quiescent and exhibit very little activity and thus have low capacity for retinal regeneration. A number of different cellular sources of RPCs have been identified in the vertebrate retina. These include PRCs at the retinal margin, pigmented cells in the ciliary body, iris, and retinal pigment epithelium, and Müller cells within the retina. Because PRCs can be isolated and expanded from immature and mature eyes, it is possible now to study these cells in culture and after transplantation in the degenerated retinal tissue. We also examine current knowledge of intrinsic RPCs, and human embryonic stems and induced pluripotent stem cells as potential sources for cell transplant therapy to regenerate the diseased retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Adminstrative Region, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Adminstrative Region, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Adminstrative Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sassi N, Laadhar L, Allouche M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Hamdoun M, Klein-Nulend J, Makni S, Sellami S. Wnt signaling is involved in human articular chondrocyte de-differentiation in vitro. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:29-40. [PMID: 23901947 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.811285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the world. Certain signaling pathways, such as the wnt pathway, are involved in cartilage pathology. Osteoarthritic chondrocytes undergo morphological and biochemical changes that lead to chondrocyte de-differentiation. We investigated whether the Wnt pathway is involved in de-differentiation of human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Human articular chondrocytes were cultured for four passages in the presence or absence of IL-1 in monolayer or micromass culture. Changes in cell morphology were monitored by light microscopy. Protein and gene expression of chondrocyte markers and Wnt pathway components were determined by Western blotting and qPCR after culture. After culturing for four passages, chondrocytes exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. Collagen type II and aggrecan protein and gene expression decreased, while collagen type I, matrix metalloproteinase 13, and nitric oxide synthase expressions increased. Wnt molecule expression profiles changed; Wnt5a protein expression, the Wnt target gene, c-jun, and in Wnt pathway regulator, sFRP4 increased. Treatment with IL-1 caused chondrocyte morphology to become more filament-like. This change in morphology was accompanied by extinction of col II expression and increased col I, MMP13 and eNOS expression. Changes in expression of the Wnt pathway components also were observed. Wnt7a decreased significantly, while Wnt5a, LRP5, β-catenin and c-jun expressions increased. Culture of human articular chondrocytes with or without IL-1 not only induced chondrocyte de-differentiation, but also changed the expression profiles of Wnt components, which suggests that the Wnt pathway is involved in chondrocyte de-differentiation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sassi N, Laadhar L, Allouche M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Hamdoun M, Klein-Nulend J, Makni S, Sellami S. The roles of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in human de-differentiated articular chondrocytes. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:53-65. [PMID: 23901950 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.819123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the world and it is becoming a major public health problem. Osteoarthritic chondrocytes undergo morphological and biochemical changes that lead to de-differentiation. The involvement of signaling pathways, such as the Wnt pathway, during cartilage pathology has been reported. Wnt signaling regulates critical biological processes. Wnt signals are transduced through at least three intracellular signaling pathways including the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, the Wnt/Ca2 + pathway and the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. We investigated the involvement of the Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathways in human articular chondrocyte de-differentiation in vitro. Human articular chondrocytes were cultured through four passages with no treatment, or with sFRP3 treatment, an inhibitor of Wnt pathways, or with DKK1 treatment, an inhibitor of the canonical pathway. Chondrocyte-secreted markers and Wnt pathway components were analyzed using western blotting and qPCR. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway showed that the canonical Wnt signaling probably is responsible for inhibition of collagen II expression, activation of metalloproteinase 13 expression and regulation of Wnt7a and c-jun expression during chondrocyte de-differentiation in vitro. Our results also suggest that expressions of eNOS, Wnt5a and cyclinE1 are regulated by non-canonical Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology research laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao X, Huang H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ma Q, Qiu M. Dynamic expression of secreted Frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3) in the developing mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Neuroscience 2013; 248:594-601. [PMID: 23827310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins have been implicated in regulating a variety of developmental processes in the CNS. Secreted Frizzled-related protein 3 (sFRP3) is a member of the sFRP family that can inhibit the Wnt signaling by binding directly to Wnts via their regions of homology to the Wnt-binding domain of Frizzleds. Recent studies suggested that sFRP3 plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues. To understand the role of sFRP3 in neural development, we carried out detailed studies on the expression of sFRP3 in the developing nervous system. Our results revealed that sFRP3 is initially expressed in the ventricular zone of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and later in the dorsal horn of spinal cord and subpopulation of DRG neurons. The spatiotemporally dynamic expression ofsFRP3 strongly suggests that sFRP3 has potential functions in the sensory neuron genesis and sensory circuitry formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Y Chen
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Y Liu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
| | - Q Ma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sensiate LA, Sobreira DR, Da Veiga FC, Peterlini DJ, Pedrosa AV, Rirsch T, Joazeiro PP, Schubert FR, Collares-Buzato CB, Xavier-Neto J, Dietrich S, Alvares LE. Dact gene expression profiles suggest a role for this gene family in integrating Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways during chicken limb development. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:428-39. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora R. Sobreira
- Department of Histology and Embryology; State University of Campinas UNICAMP; Campinas Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Thaís Rirsch
- Department of Histology and Embryology; State University of Campinas UNICAMP; Campinas Brazil
| | - Paulo Pinto Joazeiro
- Department of Histology and Embryology; State University of Campinas UNICAMP; Campinas Brazil
| | - Frank R. Schubert
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Susanne Dietrich
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth United Kingdom
| | - Lúcia Elvira Alvares
- Department of Histology and Embryology; State University of Campinas UNICAMP; Campinas Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu J, Wang Y, Du W, Liu W, Liu F, Zhang L, Zhang M, Hou M, Liu K, Zhang S, Yu B. Wnt1 inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in mouse cardiac stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58883. [PMID: 23533594 PMCID: PMC3606408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because of their regenerative and paracrine abilities, cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are the most appropriate, optimal and promising candidates for the development of cardiac regenerative medicine strategies. However, native and exogenous CSCs in ischemic hearts are exposed to various pro-apoptotic or cytotoxic factors preventing their regenerative and paracrine abilities. Methods and Results We examined the effects of H2O2 on mouse CSCs (mCSCs), and observed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment induces mCSCs apoptosis via the caspase 3 pathway, in a dose-dependent manner. We then examined the effects of Wnt1 over-expression on H2O2-induced apoptosis in mCSCs and observed that Wnt1 significantly decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis in mCSCs. On the other hand, inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway by the secreted frizzled related protein 2 (SFRP2) or knockdown of β-catenin in mCSCs reduced cells resistance to H2O2-induced apoptosis, suggesting that Wnt1 predominantly prevents H2O2-induced apoptosis through the canonical Wnt pathway. Conclusions Our results provide the first evidences that Wnt1 plays an important role in CSCs’ defenses against H2O2-induced apoptosis through the canonical Wnt1/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Liu
- Cardiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Province Heilongjiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The Wnt signalling cascades have essential roles in development, growth and homeostasis of joints and the skeleton. Progress in basic research, particularly relating to our understanding of intracellular signalling cascades and fine regulation of receptor activation in the extracellular space, has provided novel insights into the roles of Wnt signalling in chronic arthritis. Cartilage and bone homeostasis require finely tuned Wnt signalling; both activation and suppression of the Wnt-β-catenin cascade can lead to osteoarthritis in rodent models. Genetic associations with the Wnt antagonist encoded by FRZB and the transcriptional regulator encoded by Dot1l with osteoarthritis further corroborate the essential part played by Wnts in the joint. In rheumatoid arthritis, inhibition of Wnt signalling has a role in the persistence of bone erosions, whereas Wnts have been associated with the ankylosing phenotype in spondyloarthritis. Together, these observations identify the Wnt pathway as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention; however, the complexity of the Wnt signalling cascades and the potential secondary effects of drug interventions targeting them highlight the need for further research and suggest that our understanding of this exciting pathway is still in its infancy.
Collapse
|
31
|
Dual functions for WNT5A during cartilage development and in disease. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:252-64. [PMID: 23474397 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mouse and human genetic data suggests that Wnt5a is required for jaw development but the specific role in facial skeletogenesis is unknown. We mapped expression of WNT5A in the developing chicken skull and found that the highest expression was in early Meckel's cartilage but by stage 35 expression was decreased to background. We focused on chondrogenesis by targeting a retrovirus expressing WNT5A to the mandibular prominence prior to cell differentiation. Unexpectedly, there were no phenotypes in the first 6days following injection; however later the mandibular bones and Meckel's cartilage were reduced or missing on the treated side. To examine the effects on cartilage differentiation we treated micromass cultures from mandibular mesenchyme with Wnt5a-conditioned media (CM). Similar to in vivo viral data, cartilage differentiates normally, but, after 6days of culture, nearly all Alcian blue staining is lost. Collagen II and aggrecan were also decreased in treated cultures. The matrix loss was correlated with upregulation of metalloproteinases, MMP1, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 (codes for Aggrecanase). Moreover, Marimastat, an MMP and Aggrecanase inhibitor rescued cartilage matrix in Wnt5a-CM treated cultures. The pathways mediating these cartilage and RNA changes were investigated using luciferase assays. Wnt5a-CM was a potent inhibitor of the canonical pathway and strongly activated JNK/PCP signaling. To determine whether the matrix loss is mediated by repression of canonical signaling or activation of the JNK pathway we treated mandibular cultures with either DKK1, an antagonist of the canonical pathway, or a small molecule that antagonizes JNK signaling (TCS JNK 6o). DKK1 slightly increased cartilage formation and therefore suggested that the endogenous canonical signaling represses chondrogenesis. To test this further we added an excess of Wnt3a-CM and found that far fewer cartilage nodules differentiated. Since DKK1 did not mimic the effects of Wnt5a we excluded the canonical pathway from mediating the matrix loss phenotype. The JNK antagonist partially rescued the Wnt5a phenotype supporting this non-canonical pathway as the main mediator of the cartilage matrix degradation. Our study reveals two new roles for WNT5A in development and disease: 1) to repress canonical Wnt signaling in cartilage blastema in order to promote normal differentiation and 2) in conditions of excess to stimulate degradation of mature cartilage matrix via non-canonical pathways.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fuhrmann S. Wnt signaling in eye organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 4:60-7. [PMID: 19122781 DOI: 10.4161/org.4.2.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate eye consists of multiple tissues with distinct embryonic origins. To ensure formation of the eye as a functional organ, development of ocular tissues must be precisely coordinated. Besides intrinsic regulators, several extracellular pathways have been shown to participate in controlling critical steps during eye development. Many components of Wnt/Frizzled signaling pathways are expressed in developing ocular tissues, and substantial progress has been made in the past few years in understanding their function during vertebrate eye development. Here, I summarize recent work using functional experiments to elucidate the roles of Wnt/Frizzled pathways during development of ocular tissues in different vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Fuhrmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences; John A. Moran Eye Center; University of Utah; Salt Lake City, Utah USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Geetha-Loganathan P, Nimmagadda S, Scaal M. Wnt signaling in limb organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 4:109-15. [PMID: 19279722 DOI: 10.4161/org.4.2.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted signaling molecules of the Wnt family have been found to play a central role in controlling embryonic development of a wide range of taxa from Hydra to humans. The most extensively studied Wnt signaling pathway is the canonical Wnt pathway, which controls gene expression by stabilizing beta-catenin, and regulates a multitude of developmental processes. More recently, noncanonical Wnt pathways, which are beta-catenin-independent, have been found to be important developmental regulators. Understanding the mechanisms of Wnt signaling is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches of human diseases. Limb development is a paradigm to study the principles of Wnt signaling in various developmental contexts. In the developing vertebrate limb, Wnt signaling has been shown to have important functions during limb bud initiation, limb outgrowth, early limb patterning, and later limb morphogenesis events. This review provides a brief overview on the diversity of Wnt-dependent signaling events during embryonic development of the vertebrate limb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poongodi Geetha-Loganathan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Department of Molecular Embryology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Distinct spatiotemporal roles of hedgehog signalling during chick and mouse cranial base and axial skeleton development. Dev Biol 2012; 371:203-14. [PMID: 23009899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cranial base exerts a supportive role for the brain and includes the occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid bones that arise from cartilaginous precursors in the early embryo. As the occipital bone and the posterior part of the sphenoid are mesoderm derivatives that arise in close proximity to the notochord and floor plate, it has been assumed that their development, like the axial skeleton, is dependent on Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and modulation of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signalling. Here we examined the development of the cranial base in chick and mouse embryos to compare the molecular signals that are required for chondrogenic induction in the trunk and head. We found that Shh signalling is required but the molecular network controlling cranial base development is distinct from that in the trunk. In the absence of Shh, the presumptive cranial base did not undergo chondrogenic commitment as determined by the loss of Sox9 expression and there was a decrease in cell survival. In contrast, induction of the otic capsule occurred normally demonstrating that induction of the cranial base is uncoupled from formation of the sensory capsules. Lastly, we found that the early cranial mesoderm is refractory to Shh signalling, likely accounting for why development of the cranial base occurs after the axial skeleton. Our data reveal that cranial and axial skeletal induction is controlled by conserved, yet spatiotemporally distinct mechanisms that co-ordinate development of the cranial base with that of the cranial musculature and the pharyngeal arches.
Collapse
|
35
|
Churamani D, Geach TJ, Ramakrishnan L, Prideaux N, Patel S, Dale L. The signaling protein CD38 is essential for early embryonic development. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:6974-8. [PMID: 22223651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c111.323618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional protein possessing ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity responsible for both the synthesis and the degradation of several Ca(2+)-mobilizing second messengers. Although a variety of functions have been ascribed to CD38, such as immune responses, insulin secretion, and social behavior in adults, nothing is known of its role during embryonic development when Ca(2+) signals feature prominently. Here, we report the identification and functional expression of CD38 from Xenopus laevis, a key model organism for the study of vertebrate development. We show that CD38 expression and endogenous ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity are developmentally regulated during cellular differentiation. Chemical or molecular inhibition of CD38 abolished ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity and disrupted elongation of the anterior-posterior axis and differentiation of skeletal muscle, culminating in embryonic death. Our data uncover a previously unknown role for CD38 as an essential regulator of embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dev Churamani
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Anatomy Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Denis JA, Rochon-Beaucourt C, Champon B, Pietu G. Global Transcriptional Profiling of Neural and Mesenchymal Progenitors Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Reveals Alternative Developmental Signaling Pathways. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1395-409. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Alexandre Denis
- INSERM/UEVE U-861, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Rochon-Beaucourt
- INSERM/UEVE U-861, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Benoite Champon
- CECS/AFM, I-STEM, Centre d'Etude des Cellules Souches, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Geneviève Pietu
- INSERM/UEVE U-861, I-STEM, AFM, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, Evry Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Grado-Ahuir JA, Aad PY, Spicer LJ. New insights into the pathogenesis of cystic follicles in cattle: microarray analysis of gene expression in granulosa cells. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1769-86. [PMID: 21239663 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicular growth and development are regulated by extraovarian and intraovarian factors, which influence granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive follicular growth are not completely understood. Ovarian follicular cysts are one of the most common causes of reproductive failure in dairy cattle. Nevertheless, the primary cause of cyst formation has not been clearly established. A gene expression comparison may aid in elucidating the causes of ovarian cyst disease. Our objective was to identify differentially expressed genes in ovarian granulosa cells between normal dominant and cystic follicles of cattle. Granulosa cells and follicular fluid were isolated from dominant and cystic follicles collected via either ultrasound-guided aspiration from dairy cows (n = 24) or slaughterhouse ovaries from beef cows (n = 23). Hormonal analysis for progesterone, estradiol, and androstenedione in follicular fluid was performed by RIA. Total RNA was extracted and hybridized to 6 Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Abundance of mRNA for differentially expressed selected genes was determined through quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Follicular cysts showed greater (P < 0.05) progesterone, lesser (P < 0.05) estradiol, and no differences (P > 0.10) in androstenedione concentrations compared with noncystic follicles. A total of 163 gene sequences were differentially expressed (P < 0.01), with 19 upregulated and 144 downregulated. From selected target genes, quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR confirmed angiogenin, PGE(2) receptor 4, and G-protein coupled receptor 34 genes as upregulated in cystic follicles, and Indian hedgehog protein precursor and secreted frizzled-related protein 4 genes as downregulated in cystic follicles. Further research is required to elucidate the role of these factors in follicular development and cyst formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Grado-Ahuir
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang B, Ma JX. Wnt pathway antagonists and angiogenesis. Protein Cell 2010; 1:898-906. [PMID: 21204016 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway has been extensively studied in multiple diseases, including some angiogenic disorders. Wnt signaling activation is a major stimulator in pathological angiogenesis and thus, Wnt antagonists are believed to have therapeutic potential for neovascular disorders. Actually, some Wnt antagonists have been identified directly from the anti-angiogenic factor family. This review summarizes the recent progress toward understanding of the roles of Wnt pathway antagonists in angiogenic regulation and their mechanism of action, and exploring their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cho HY, Choi HJ, Sun HJ, Yang JY, An JH, Cho SW, Kim SW, Kim SY, Kim JE, Shin CS. Transgenic mice overexpressing secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRP)4 under the control of serum amyloid P promoter exhibit low bone mass but did not result in disturbed phosphate homeostasis. Bone 2010; 47:263-71. [PMID: 20472109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein-4 (sFRP4) is a member of secreted modulators of Wnt signaling pathways and has been recognized to play important role in the pathogenesis of oncogenic osteomalacia as a potential phosphatonin. To investigate the role of sFRP4 in bone biology and phosphorus homeostasis in postnatal life, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress sFRP4 under the control of the serum amyloid P promoter (SAP-sFRP4), which drives transgene expression postnatally. Serum phosphorus level and urinary phosphorus excretion were slightly lower and higher, respectively, in SAP-sFRP4 compared to wild-type (WT) littermate, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, renal Na(+/-)/Pi co-transporter (Npt) 2a and 1alpha-hydroxylase gene expression were up-regulated in SAP-sFRP4 mice. In addition, the level of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) was higher in SAP-sFRP4 mice. At 5 weeks of age, bone mineral density (BMD) in SAP-sFRP4 was similar to that in WT. However, with advancing age, SAP-sFRP4 mice gained less BMD so that areal BMD of SAP-sFRP4 mice was significantly lower compared to WT at 15 weeks of age. Histomorphometric analysis of proximal tibia showed that trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and thickness (Tb.Th) were significantly lower in SAP-sFRP4 mice. There was no evidence of osteomalacia in histological analysis. Our data do not support the role of sFRP4 per se as a phosphatonin but suggest that sFRP4 negatively regulates bone formation without disrupting phosphorus homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Duband JL. Diversity in the molecular and cellular strategies of epithelium-to-mesenchyme transitions: Insights from the neural crest. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:458-82. [PMID: 20559020 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.3.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT) are often viewed as a unique event, they are characterized by a great diversity of cellular processes resulting in strikingly different outcomes. They may be complete or partial, massive or progressive, and lead to the complete disruption of the epithelium or leave it intact. Although the molecular and cellular mechanisms of EMT are being elucidated owing chiefly from studies on transformed epithelial cell lines cultured in vitro or from cancer cells, the basis of the diversity of EMT processes remains poorly understood. Clues can be collected from EMT occuring during embryonic development and which affect equally tissues of ectodermal, endodermal or mesodermal origins. Here, based on our current knowledge of the diversity of processes underlying EMT of neural crest cells in the vertebrate embryo, we propose that the time course and extent of EMT do not depend merely on the identity of the EMT transcriptional regulators and their cellular effectors but rather on the combination of molecular players recruited and on the possible coordination of EMT with other cellular processes.
Collapse
|
41
|
Darnell DK, Stanislaw S, Kaur S, Antin PB. Whole mount in situ hybridization detection of mRNAs using short LNA containing DNA oligonucleotide probes. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 16:632-637. [PMID: 20086052 PMCID: PMC2822927 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1775610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In situ hybridization is widely used to visualize transcribed sequences in embryos, tissues, and cells. For whole mount detection of mRNAs in embryos, hybridization with an antisense RNA probe is followed by visual or fluorescence detection of target mRNAs. A limitation of this approach is that a cDNA template of the target RNA must be obtained in order to generate the antisense RNA probe. Here we investigate the use of short (12-24 nucleotides) locked nucleic acid (LNA) containing DNA probes for whole mount in situ hybridization detection of mRNAs. Following extensive protocol optimization, we show that LNA probes can be used to localize several mRNAs of varying abundances in chicken embryos. LNA probes also detected alternatively spliced exons that are processed in a tissue specific manner. The use of LNA probes for whole mount in situ detection of mRNAs will enable in silico design and chemical synthesis and will expand the general use of in situ hybridization for studies of transcriptional regulation and alternative splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Darnell
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schlosser G. Making senses development of vertebrate cranial placodes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 283:129-234. [PMID: 20801420 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)83004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cranial placodes (which include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, otic, lateral line, profundal/trigeminal, and epibranchial placodes) give rise to many sense organs and ganglia of the vertebrate head. Recent evidence suggests that all cranial placodes may be developmentally related structures, which originate from a common panplacodal primordium at neural plate stages and use similar regulatory mechanisms to control developmental processes shared between different placodes such as neurogenesis and morphogenetic movements. After providing a brief overview of placodal diversity, the present review summarizes current evidence for the existence of a panplacodal primordium and discusses the central role of transcription factors Six1 and Eya1 in the regulation of processes shared between different placodes. Upstream signaling events and transcription factors involved in early embryonic induction and specification of the panplacodal primordium are discussed next. I then review how individual placodes arise from the panplacodal primordium and present a model of multistep placode induction. Finally, I briefly summarize recent advances concerning how placodal neurons and sensory cells are specified, and how morphogenesis of placodes (including delamination and migration of placode-derived cells and invagination) is controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schlosser
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences & Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee YH, Saint-Jeannet JP. Characterization of molecular markers to assess cardiac cushions formation in Xenopus. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:3257-65. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
44
|
Surmann-Schmitt C, Widmann N, Dietz U, Saeger B, Eitzinger N, Nakamura Y, Rattel M, Latham R, Hartmann C, von der Mark H, Schett G, von der Mark K, Stock M. Wif-1 is expressed at cartilage-mesenchyme interfaces and impedes Wnt3a-mediated inhibition of chondrogenesis. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:3627-37. [PMID: 19755491 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.048926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt factors are involved in the regulation of all steps of cartilage development. The activity of Wnt factors is generally regulated at the extracellular level by factors like the Dkk family, sFRPs, Cerberus and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif-1). Here we report that Wif-1 is highly expressed at cartilage-mesenchyme interfaces of the early developing skeleton. In fetal and postnatal skeletal development, Wif-1 is expressed in a sharply restricted zone in the upper hyaline layer of epiphyseal and articular cartilage and in trabecular bone. Coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down assays using recombinant Wif-1 and Wnt factors show specific binding of Wif-1 to Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, Wnt9a and Wnt11. Moreover, Wif-1 was able to block Wnt3a-mediated activation of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Consequently, Wif-1 impaired growth of mesenchymal precursor cells and neutralised Wnt3a-mediated inhibition of chondrogenesis in micromass cultures of embryonic chick limb-bud cells. These results identify Wif-1 as a novel extracellular Wnt modulator in cartilage biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Surmann-Schmitt
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim JA, Kang YJ, Park G, Kim M, Park YO, Kim H, Leem SH, Chu IS, Lee JS, Jho EH, Oh IH. Identification of a stroma-mediated Wnt/beta-catenin signal promoting self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells in the stem cell niche. Stem Cells 2009; 27:1318-29. [PMID: 19489023 DOI: 10.1002/stem.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With contrasting observations on the effects of beta-catenin on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the precise role of Wnt/beta-catenin signals on HSC regulation remains unclear. Here, we show a distinct mode of Wnt/beta-catenin signal that can regulate HSCs in a stroma-dependent manner. Stabilization of beta-catenin in the bone marrow stromal cells promoted maintenance and self-renewal of HSCs in a contact-dependent manner, whereas direct stabilization in hematopoietic cells caused loss of HSCs. Interestingly, canonical Wnt receptors and beta-catenin accumulation were predominantly enriched in the stromal rather than the hematopoietic compartment of bone marrows. Moreover, the active form of beta-catenin accumulated selectively in the trabecular endosteum in "Wnt 3a-stimulated" or "irradiation-stressed," but not in "steady-state" marrows. Notably, notch ligands were induced in Wnt/beta-catenin activated bone marrow stroma and downstream notch signal activation was seen in the HSCs in contact with the activated stroma. Taken together, Wnt/beta-catenin activated stroma and their cross-talk with HSCs may function as a physiologically regulated microenvironmental cue for HSC self-renewal in the stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-A Kim
- Catholic Cell Therapy Center and Department of Cellular Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Quinlan R, Graf M, Mason I, Lumsden A, Kiecker C. Complex and dynamic patterns of Wnt pathway gene expression in the developing chick forebrain. Neural Dev 2009; 4:35. [PMID: 19732418 PMCID: PMC2757023 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-4-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt signalling regulates multiple aspects of brain development in vertebrate embryos. A large number of Wnts are expressed in the embryonic forebrain; however, it is poorly understood which specific Wnt performs which function and how they interact. Wnts are able to activate different intracellular pathways, but which of these pathways become activated in different brain subdivisions also remains enigmatic. Results We have compiled the first comprehensive spatiotemporal atlas of Wnt pathway gene expression at critical stages of forebrain regionalisation in the chick embryo and found that most of these genes are expressed in strikingly dynamic and complex patterns. Several expression domains do not respect proposed compartment boundaries in the developing forebrain, suggesting that areal identities are more dynamic than previously thought. Using an in ovo electroporation approach, we show that Wnt4 expression in the thalamus is negatively regulated by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling from the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI), a known organising centre of forebrain development. Conclusion The forebrain is exposed to a multitude of Wnts and Wnt inhibitors that are expressed in a highly dynamic and complex fashion, precluding simple correlative conclusions about their respective functions or signalling mechanisms. In various biological systems, Wnts are antagonised by Shh signalling. By demonstrating that Wnt4 expression in the thalamus is repressed by Shh from the ZLI we reveal an additional level of interaction between these two pathways and provide an example for the cross-regulation between patterning centres during forebrain regionalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Quinlan
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunt's House, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Geetha-Loganathan P, Nimmagadda S, Antoni L, Fu K, Whiting CJ, Francis-West P, Richman JM. Expression of WNT signalling pathway genes during chicken craniofacial development. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1150-65. [PMID: 19334275 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive expression analysis of WNT signalling pathway genes during several stages of chicken facial development was performed. Thirty genes were surveyed including: WNT1, 2B, 3A, 4, 5A, 5B, 6, 7A, 7B, 8B, 8C, 9A, 9B, 11, 11B, 16, CTNNB1, LEF1, FRZB1, DKK1, DKK2, FZD1-8, FZD10. The strictly canonical WNTs (2B, 7A, 9B, and 16) in addition to WNT4 WNT6 (both canonical and non-canonical) are epithelially expressed, whereas WNT5A, 5B, 11 are limited to the mesenchyme. WNT16 is limited to the invaginating nasal pit, respiratory epithelium, and lip fusion zone. Antagonists DKK1 and FRZB1 are expressed in the fusing primary palate but then are decreased at stage 28 when fusion is beginning. This suggests that canonical WNT signalling may be active during lip fusion. Mediators of canonical signalling, CTNNB1, LEF1, and the majority of the FZD genes are expressed ubiquitously. These data show that activation of the canonical WNT pathway is feasible in all regions of the face; however, the localization of ligands and antagonists confers specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poongodi Geetha-Loganathan
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chittka A, Volff J, Wizenmann A. Identification of genes differentially expressed in dorsal and ventral chick midbrain during early development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2009; 9:29. [PMID: 19397791 PMCID: PMC2686707 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-9-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), patterning processes along the dorsoventral (DV) axis of the neural tube generate different neuronal subtypes. As development progresses these neurons are arranged into functional units with varying cytoarchitecture, such as laminae or nuclei for efficient relaying of information. Early in development ventral and dorsal regions are similar in size and structure. Different proliferation rates and cell migration patterns are likely to result in the formation of laminae or nuclei, eventually. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that establish these different structural arrangements are not well understood. We undertook a differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) screen to identify genes with distinct expression patterns between dorsal and ventral regions of the chick midbrain in order to identify genes which regulate the sculpturing of such divergent neuronal organisation. We focused on the DV axis of the early chick midbrain since mesencephalic alar plate and basal plate develop into laminae and nuclei, respectively. Results We identified 53 differentially expressed bands in our initial screen. Twenty-six of these could be assigned to specific genes and we could unambiguously show the differential expression of five of the isolated cDNAs in vivo by in situ mRNA expression analysis. Additionally, we verified differential levels of expression of a selected number of genes by using reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR method with gene-specific primers. One of these genes, QR1, has been previously cloned and we present here a detailed study of its early developmental time course and pattern of expression providing some insights into its possible function. Our phylogenetic analysis of QR1 shows that it is the chick orthologue of Sparc-like 1/Hevin/Mast9 gene in mice, rats, dogs and humans, a protein involved in cell adhesion. Conclusion This study reveals some possible networks, which might be involved in directing the difference in neuronal specification and cytoarchitecture observed in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Chittka
- Junior Research Group, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Subramanian L, Remedios R, Shetty A, Tole S. Signals from the edges: the cortical hem and antihem in telencephalic development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:712-8. [PMID: 19446478 PMCID: PMC2791850 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The early cortical primordium develops from a sheet of neuroepithelium that is flanked by distinct signaling centers. Of these, the hem and the antihem are positioned as longitudinal stripes, running rostro-caudally along the medial and lateral faces, respectively, of each telencepahlic hemisphere. In this review we examine the similarities and differences in how these two signaling centers arise, their roles in patterning adjacent tissues, and the cells and structures they contribute to. Since both the hem and the antihem have been identified across many vertebrate phyla, they appear to be part of an evolutionary conserved set of mechanisms that play fundamental roles in forebrain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Subramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Comprehensive expression analysis of all Wnt genes and their major secreted antagonists during mouse limb development and cartilage differentiation. Gene Expr Patterns 2009; 9:215-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|