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Depince A, Marandel L, Goardon L, Le Bail PY, Labbe C. Trout coelomic fluid suitability as Goldfish oocyte extender can be determined by a simple turbidity test. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1755-61. [PMID: 21356550 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Depince
- Cryopreservation and Regeneration group, INRA, Rennes, France
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2
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Liu T, Liu L, Wei Q, Hong Y. Sperm nuclear transfer and transgenic production in the fish medaka. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:469-75. [PMID: 21547064 PMCID: PMC3088289 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm nuclear transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a powerful assisted reproductive technology (ART) for treating human male infertility. Controversial reports of increased birth defects have raised concerns about the ART's safety. The cause for birth defects, however, has remained elusive for analysis in human because of the sample size, male infertility genetics, physiological heterogeneity and associated procedures such as embryo manipulations. Animal models are required to evaluate factors leading to the increased birth defects. Here we report the establishment of medakafish model for ICSI and transgenic production. This small laboratory fish has high fecundity and easy embryology. We show that ICSI produced a 5% high percentage of fertile animals that exhibited both paternal and maternal contribution as evidenced by the pigmentation marker. Furthermore, when sperm were pre-incubated with a plasmid ubiquitously expressing RFP and subjected to ICSI, 50% of sperm nuclear transplants showed germline transmission. We conclude that medaka is an excellent model for ICSI to evaluate birth defects and that sperm nuclear transfer can mediate stable gene transfer at high efficiency. Although more demanding for experimentation, sperm-mediated transgenesis should be particularly applicable for aquaculture species with a lengthy generation time and/or a large adult body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongming Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
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3
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Liu L, Cao F, Cai K, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Li J. Generation of Sperms Containing EGFP-LacZ Following Transfection of Chicken Testis with a Eukaryotic Dual Reporter Vector. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:e39-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Nyholm MK, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Grinblat Y. A novel genetic mechanism regulates dorsolateral hinge-point formation during zebrafish cranial neurulation. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:2137-48. [PMID: 19470582 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.043471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During neurulation, vertebrate embryos form a neural tube (NT), the rudiment of the central nervous system. In mammals and birds, a key step in cranial NT morphogenesis is dorsolateral hinge-point (DLHP) bending, which requires an apical actomyosin network. The mechanism of DLHP formation is poorly understood, although several essential genes have been identified, among them Zic2, which encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor. We found that DLHP formation in the zebrafish midbrain also requires actomyosin and Zic function. Given this conservation, we used the zebrafish to study how genes encoding Zic proteins regulate DLHP formation. We demonstrate that the ventral zic2a expression border predicts DLHP position. Using morpholino (MO) knockdown, we show zic2a and zic5 are required for apical F-actin and active myosin II localization and junction integrity. Furthermore, myosin II activity can function upstream of junction integrity during DLHP formation, and canonical Wnt signaling, an activator of zic gene transcription, is necessary for apical active myosin II localization, junction integrity and DLHP formation. We conclude that zic genes act downstream of Wnt signaling to control cytoskeletal organization, and possibly adhesion, during neurulation. This study identifies zic2a and zic5 as crucial players in the genetic network linking patterned gene expression to morphogenetic changes during neurulation, and strengthens the utility of the zebrafish midbrain as a NT morphogenesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly K Nyholm
- Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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5
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Deiters A, Yoder JA. Conditional transgene and gene targeting methodologies in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2008; 3:415-29. [PMID: 18377222 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2006.3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a powerful tool for dissecting vertebrate gene function during embryogenesis. Numerous molecular systems have been developed to examine gene function in zebrafish, including transgenics for creating lineage-tracer lines of zebrafish that express a fluorescent protein as a marker for specific populations of cells, and antisense strategies, primarily morpholinos, for knocking down gene function. The focus of this review is to summarize the pros and cons of the currently available systems for functional genomics in zebrafish, and to discuss the need for future methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Abstract
The zebrafish had landed in Singapore as an ornamental fish long before it became a fashionable model of scientific research. By the early 1990s, however, it became a part of the local scientific landscape. During the past decade the number of groups using zebrafish as a research model increased dramatically. In June 2004, the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) launched its zebrafish facility at the newly established center of biomedical research in Singapore, Biopolis. This review describes how this tiny fish became an important research model in Singapore and what problems were overcome to establish high density cultures of this species in local conditions. Finally, it will highlight the research interests of scientists of the local zebrafish community.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Su You
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
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7
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Sakai N. In vitro male germ cell cultures of zebrafish. Methods 2006; 39:239-45. [PMID: 16828310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic modification of sperm before fertilization has the advantages of a much shorter timeline for the production of transgenic animals. A culture system using primary cultures of zebrafish male germ cells, in which the differentiation of spermatogonia to functional sperm can occur in vitro, allows us to introduce foreign DNA into the cultured sperm and to produce transgenics from the sperm. This chapter describes methods for the co-culture of male germ cells and a Sertoli cell feeder layer and the introduction of foreign DNA with retroviruses. This male germ cell culture system should prove useful not only in producing genetically modified sperm, but also in analyzing the regulatory function of Sertoli cells for spermatogenesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Sakai
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
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8
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Teh C, Parinov S, Korzh V. New ways to admire zebrafish: progress in functional genomics research methodology. Biotechniques 2005; 38:897-906. [PMID: 16018551 DOI: 10.2144/05386rv01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main challenge of the post-genomic era is to functionally characterize genes identified by the genome sequencing projects. Model organisms, including zebrafish, are indispensable for this demanding task. Zebrafish has been successfully incorporated into large-scale genetic screens due to the optical clarity of the embryos and their accessibility to various experimental techniques throughout development. The attractiveness of the zebrafish as a model organism is enhanced by the availability of continuously improving genomic tools and methodologies for functional characterization of the gene. This article will highlight the current techniques used in the field, with the focus on transgenesis.
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Hong Y, Liu T, Zhao H, Xu H, Wang W, Liu R, Chen T, Deng J, Gui J. Establishment of a normal medakafish spermatogonial cell line capable of sperm production in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:8011-6. [PMID: 15141090 PMCID: PMC419548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308668101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2003] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonia are the male germ stem cells that continuously produce sperm for the next generation. Spermatogenesis is a complicated process that proceeds through mitotic phase of stem cell renewal and differentiation, meiotic phase, and postmeiotic phase of spermiogenesis. Full recapitulation of spermatogenesis in vitro has been impossible, as generation of normal spermatogonial stem cell lines without immortalization and production of motile sperm from these cells after long-term culture have not been achieved. Here we report the derivation of a normal spermatogonial cell line from a mature medakafish testis without immortalization. After 140 passages during 2 years of culture, this cell line retains stable but growth factor-dependent proliferation, a diploid karyotype, and the phenotype and gene expression pattern of spermatogonial stem cells. Furthermore, we show that this cell line can undergo meiosis and spermiogenesis to generate motile sperm. Therefore, the ability of continuous proliferation and sperm production in culture is an intrinsic property of medaka spermatogonial stem cells, and immortalization apparently is not necessary to derive male germ cell cultures. Our findings and cell line will offer a unique opportunity to study and recapitulate spermatogenesis in vitro and to develop approaches for germ-line transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
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10
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Kurita K, Burgess SM, Sakai N. Transgenic zebrafish produced by retroviral infection of in vitro-cultured sperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:1263-7. [PMID: 14745028 PMCID: PMC337041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0304265101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic modification of sperm before fertilization has distinct advantages over conventional transgenic methods. The primary advantage is that the mosaicism inherent in those other techniques is avoided. A culture system using primary cultures of zebrafish male germ cells, in which the differentiation from spermatogonia to functional sperm can occur in vitro, provides the opportunity for genetic modification of sperm in vitro. Here, we report the production of transgenic zebrafish from cultured sperm. The sperm were differentiated from premeiotic germ cells infected with a pseudotyped retrovirus in vitro. The collected sperm were used to perform successful in vitro fertilizations, and transgenic embryos were identified. The transgenic fish transmitted the proviral integration to the next generation in a Mendelian fashion. We report the generation of a transgenic animal by cultured sperm and open the door to many exciting possibilities for the rapid generation of transgenic lines in model organisms such as zebrafish or other animal systems that are otherwise intractable to transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Kurita
- Department of Marine Bioscience and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama 917-0003, Japan
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Grabher C, Joly JS, Wittbrodt J. Highly Efficient Zebrafish Transgenesis Mediated by the Meganuclease I-SceI. Methods Cell Biol 2004; 77:381-401. [PMID: 15602923 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(04)77021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Grabher
- Developmental Biology Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117-Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Tropepe V, Sive HL. Can zebrafish be used as a model to study the neurodevelopmental causes of autism? GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2003; 2:268-81. [PMID: 14606692 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-183x.2003.00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish has proven to be an excellent model for analyzing issues of vertebrate development. In this review we ask whether the zebrafish is a viable model for analyzing the neurodevelopmental causes of autism. In developing an answer to this question three topics are considered. First, the general attributes of zebrafish as a model are discussed, including low cost maintenance, rapid life cycle and the multitude of techniques available. These techniques include large-scale genetic screens, targeted loss and gain of function methods, and embryological assays. Second, we consider the conservation of zebrafish and mammalian brain development, structure and function. Third, we discuss the impressive use of zebrafish as a model for human disease, and suggest several strategies by which zebrafish could be used to dissect the genetic basis for autism. We conclude that the zebrafish system could be used to make important contributions to understanding autistic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tropepe
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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13
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Abstract
Over the past 15 years researchers have generated stable lines of several species of transgenic fish important for aquaculture. 'All-fish' growth hormone (GH) gene constructs and antifreeze protein (AFP) genes have been successfully introduced into the fish genome resulting in a significant acceleration of growth rate and an increase in cold and freeze tolerance. However, neither gene modification is completely understood; there are still questions to be resolved. Expression rates are still low, producing variable growth enhancement rates and less than desired levels of freeze resistance. Transgene strategies are also being developed to provide improved pathogen resistance and modified metabolism for better utilization of the diet. Additional challenges are to tailor the genetically modified fish strains to prevent release of the modified genes into the environment.
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Celebi C, Guillaudeux T, Auvray P, Vallet-Erdtmann V, Jégou B. The making of "transgenic spermatozoa". Biol Reprod 2003; 68:1477-83. [PMID: 12606451 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.009340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of making transgenic animals by microinjecting DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized oocyte or after the transfection of embryonic stem cells are now well established. However, attempts have also been made, with varying degrees of success, to use spermatozoa as a vector for transgenesis in mammals and other vertebrates during the last decade. A number of different approaches for making transgenic spermatozoa have been developed. These include directly incubating mature, isolated spermatozoa with DNA or pretreating mature, isolated spermatozoa before assisted fertilization. Microinjection procedures have also been established to transfect male germ cells directly in vivo within the seminiferous tubules or to reimplant previously isolated male germ cells submitted to in vitro transfection into a recipient testis. The latter two techniques present the advantage of being able to create transgenic progeny simply by mating with wild-type females, which avoids the possibility of interference or damage as a result of assisted fertilization or the manipulation of embryos. The different aspects of sperm-mediated transgenesis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Celebi
- Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction chez le Mâle, INSERM U.435, Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, Bretagne, France
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15
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Kusakabe R, Tochinai S, Kuratani S. Expression of foreign genes in lamprey embryos: an approach to study evolutionary changes in gene regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2003; 296:87-97. [PMID: 12658713 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evolution in development can be viewed as a sequence of changes in gene regulation. To investigate the cross-species compatibility of 5' upstream regulatory regions, we introduced exogenous gene constructs derived from a gnathostome genome into fertilized eggs of the Japanese lamprey, Lampetra japonica, a sister group of the gnathostomes. Eggs were injected with gene constructs in which a sequence encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) had been located downstream of either a virus promoter or 5' regulatory regions of medaka actin genes. Reporter gene expression was recorded for more than a month starting two days after injection. Although the expression patterns were highly mosaic and differed among individuals, GFP was expressed predominantly in the striated muscles of lamprey embryos when driven by the 5' upstream regions of the medaka muscle actin genes. This implies that a pan-vertebrate muscle-specific gene regulatory mechanism may have evolved before the agnathan/gnathostome divergence. This gene-transfer technique potentially facilitates the visualization of cells in various differentiating tissues throughout development. The introduction of developmental genes of the lamprey or other animals into lamprey embryos is another potentially important application, one that could provide us with information on the evolutionary changes in functions of genes or gene cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Japan.
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Udvadia AJ, Linney E. Windows into development: historic, current, and future perspectives on transgenic zebrafish. Dev Biol 2003; 256:1-17. [PMID: 12654288 DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(02)00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The recent explosion of transgenic zebrafish lines in the literature demonstrates the value of this model system for detailed in vivo analysis of gene regulation and morphogenetic movements. The optical clarity and rapid early development of zebrafish provides the ability to follow these events as they occur in live, developing embryos. This article will review the development of transgenic technology in zebrafish as well as the current and future uses of transgenic zebrafish to explore the dynamic environment of the developing vertebrate embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava J Udvadia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Box 3020, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Mutagenesis screens in zebrafish have uncovered several hundred mutant alleles affecting the development of the retina and established the zebrafish as one of the leading models of vertebrate eye development. In addition to forward genetic mutagenesis approaches, gene function in the zebrafish embryo is being studied using several reverse genetic techniques. Some of these rely on the overexpression of a gene product, others take advantage of antisense oligonucleotides to block function of selected loci. Here we describe these methods in the context of the developing eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarema Malicki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
The zebrafish is an especially attractive model for the study of the development and function of the vertebrate inner ear. It combines rapid and accessible embryogenesis with a host of genetic and genomic tools for systematic gene discovery and analysis. A large collection of mutations affecting development and function of the ear and a related sensory system, the lateral line, have been isolated; several of these have now been cloned, and at least five provide models for human deafness disorders. Disruption of multiple genes, using both forward and reverse genetic approaches, has established key players--both signaling molecules and autonomous factors--responsible for induction and specification of the otic placode. Vestibular and auditory defects have been detected in adult animals, making the zebrafish a useful system in which to tackle the genetic causes of late onset deafness and vestibular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Whitfield
- Centre for Developmental Genetics, University of Sheffield School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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