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Miladinovic O, Canto PY, Pouget C, Piau O, Radic N, Freschu P, Megherbi A, Brujas Prats C, Jacques S, Hirsinger E, Geeverding A, Dufour S, Petit L, Souyri M, North T, Isambert H, Traver D, Jaffredo T, Charbord P, Durand C. A multistep computational approach reveals a neuro-mesenchymal cell population in the embryonic hematopoietic stem cell niche. Development 2024; 151:dev202614. [PMID: 38451068 PMCID: PMC11057820 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The first hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) emerge in the Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM) region of the mid-gestation mouse embryo. However, the precise nature of their supportive mesenchymal microenvironment remains largely unexplored. Here, we profiled transcriptomes of laser micro-dissected aortic tissues at three developmental stages and individual AGM cells. Computational analyses allowed the identification of several cell subpopulations within the E11.5 AGM mesenchyme, with the presence of a yet unidentified subpopulation characterized by the dual expression of genes implicated in adhesive or neuronal functions. We confirmed the identity of this cell subset as a neuro-mesenchymal population, through morphological and lineage tracing assays. Loss of function in the zebrafish confirmed that Decorin, a characteristic extracellular matrix component of the neuro-mesenchyme, is essential for HSPC development. We further demonstrated that this cell population is not merely derived from the neural crest, and hence, is a bona fide novel subpopulation of the AGM mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Miladinovic
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Canto
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Pouget
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Olivier Piau
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMR-S 938,F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Nevenka Radic
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Freschu
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Megherbi
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carla Brujas Prats
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Jacques
- Plateforme de génomique, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Hirsinger
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Geeverding
- Service de microscopie électronique, Fr3631 Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 7-9Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, Inserm, IMRB, F94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michele Souyri
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1131, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Trista North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hervé Isambert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charbord
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Charles Durand
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement/UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm U1156,9 Quai St-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
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Zhang H, Peng H, Yan D, Wang K, Yuan K, Chen Y, Li Z, Li R, Li R, Lu J, Chen X, Ye X, Wang H, Zhao Y, Hao Q. The micro-pathological characteristics in cerebral arteriovenous malformations(cAVMs). Microvasc Res 2023; 145:104452. [PMID: 36356687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rupture and hemorrhage is the most serious complication of cerebral arteriovenous malformation(cAVMs), and have a significant impact on quality of life. OBJECTIVES We investigated the hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultrastructural features of cAVMs and characterized the abnormal vascular structure of cAVMs. METHODS Light and electron microscopy were performed on a series of pathological specimens obtained from 12 patients with cAVMs who underwent surgical resection for the first time without radiosurgery or embolization therapy. RESULTS In tunica intima, we found that the vascular endothelial cells of cAVMs were damaged, and the lysis of the cell body occurred in multiple regions. In tunica media, the arrangement of the elastic layer was disordered, and the thickness was uneven. Part of the structure of the elastic lamina was missing. The part of tunica adventitia was fractured and discontinuous. In addition, we also observed the phenomenon that different blood vessels share the same vascular wall. Macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte infiltration in the adventitial region of ruptured cAVMs. Abnormal lipid deposition in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS The structural incompleteness of cAVMs may be an important cause of hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Debin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruinan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junlin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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FRZB as a key molecule in abdominal aortic aneurysm progression affecting vascular integrity. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227068. [PMID: 33245093 PMCID: PMC7789806 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), when ruptured, results in high mortality. The identification of molecular pathways involved in AAA progression is required to improve AAA prognosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the key genes for the progression of AAA and their functional role. Genomic and clinical data of three independent cohorts were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE57691, GSE7084, and GSE98278). To develop AAA diagnosis and progression-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we used a significance analysis of microarray (SAM). Spearman correlation test and gene set analysis were performed to identify potential enriched pathways for DEGs. Only the Frizzled-related protein (FRZB) gene and chromosome 1 open reading frame 24 (C1orf24) exhibited significant down-regulation in all analyses. With FRZB, the pathways were associated with RHO GTPase and elastin fiber formation. With C1orf24, the pathways were elastic fiber formation, extracellular matrix organization, and cell–cell communication. Since only FRZB was evolutionally conserved in the vertebrates, function of FRZB was validated using zebrafish embryos. Knockdown of frzb remarkably reduced vascular integrity in zebrafish embryos. We believe that FRZB is a key gene involved in AAA initiation and progression affecting vascular integrity.
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Krispin S, Stratman AN, Melick CH, Stan RV, Malinverno M, Gleklen J, Castranova D, Dejana E, Weinstein BM. Growth Differentiation Factor 6 Promotes Vascular Stability by Restraining Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:353-362. [PMID: 29284606 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The assembly of a functional vascular system requires a coordinated and dynamic transition from activation to maturation. High vascular endothelial growth factor activity promotes activation, including junction destabilization and cell motility. Maturation involves junctional stabilization and formation of a functional endothelial barrier. The identity and mechanism of action of prostabilization signals are still mostly unknown. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and their ligands have important functions during embryonic vessel assembly and maturation. Previous work has suggested a role for growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6; bone morphogenetic protein 13) in vascular integrity although GDF6's mechanism of action was not clear. Therefore, we sought to further explore the requirement for GDF6 in vascular stabilization. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the role of GDF6 in promoting endothelial vascular integrity in vivo in zebrafish and in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. We report that GDF6 promotes vascular integrity by counteracting vascular endothelial growth factor activity. GDF6-deficient endothelium has increased vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, increased vascular endothelial-cadherin Y658 phosphorylation, vascular endothelial-cadherin delocalization from cell-cell interfaces, and weakened endothelial cell adherence junctions that become prone to vascular leak. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GDF6 promotes vascular stabilization by restraining vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Understanding how GDF6 affects vascular integrity may help to provide insights into hemorrhage and associated vascular pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Krispin
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Amber N Stratman
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Chase H Melick
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Radu V Stan
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Jamie Gleklen
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Daniel Castranova
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.).
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Hisamatsu D, Ohno-Oishi M, Nakamura S, Mabuchi Y, Naka-Kaneda H. Growth differentiation factor 6 derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reduces age-related functional deterioration in multiple tissues. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1259-75. [PMID: 27311402 PMCID: PMC4931831 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has attracted attention as a mechanism that connects cellular senescence to tissue dysfunction, and specific SASP factors have been identified as systemic pro-aging factors. However, little is known about the age-dependent changes in the secretory properties of stem cells. Young, but not old, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a well-known source of critical regenerative factors, but the identity of these factors remains elusive. In this study, we identified growth differentiation factor 6 (Gdf6; also known as Bmp13 and CDMP-2) as a regenerative factor secreted from young MSCs. The expression of specific secretory factors, including Gdf6, was regulated by the microRNA (miRNA) miR-17, whose expression declined with age. Upregulation of Gdf6 restored the osteogenic capacity of old MSCs in vitro and exerted positive effects in vivo on aging-associated pathologies such as reduced lymphopoiesis, insufficient muscle repair, reduced numbers of neural progenitors in the brain, and chronic inflammation. Our results suggest that manipulation of miRNA could enable control of the SASP, and that regenerative factors derived from certain types of young cells could be used to treat geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hisamatsu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michiko Ohno-Oishi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakamura
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hayato Naka-Kaneda
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Nguyen-Chi ME, Bryson-Richardson R, Sonntag C, Hall TE, Gibson A, Sztal T, Chua W, Schilling TF, Currie PD. Morphogenesis and cell fate determination within the adaxial cell equivalence group of the zebrafish myotome. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003014. [PMID: 23133395 PMCID: PMC3486873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the central questions of developmental biology is how cells of equivalent potential—an equivalence group—come to adopt specific cellular fates. In this study we have used a combination of live imaging, single cell lineage analyses, and perturbation of specific signaling pathways to dissect the specification of the adaxial cells of the zebrafish embryo. We show that the adaxial cells are myogenic precursors that form a cell fate equivalence group of approximately 20 cells that consequently give rise to two distinct sub-types of muscle fibers: the superficial slow muscle fibers (SSFs) and muscle pioneer cells (MPs), distinguished by specific gene expression and cell behaviors. Using a combination of live imaging, retrospective and indicative fate mapping, and genetic studies, we show that MP and SSF precursors segregate at the beginning of segmentation and that they arise from distinct regions along the anterior-posterior (AP) and dorsal-ventral (DV) axes of the adaxial cell compartment. FGF signaling restricts MP cell fate in the anterior-most adaxial cells in each somite, while BMP signaling restricts this fate to the middle of the DV axis. Thus our results reveal that the synergistic actions of HH, FGF, and BMP signaling independently create a three-dimensional (3D) signaling milieu that coordinates cell fate within the adaxial cell equivalence group. How specific genes and signals act on initially identical cells to generate the different tissues of the body remains one of the central questions of developmental genetics. Zebrafish are a useful model system to tackle this question as the optically clear embryo allows direct imaging of forming tissues, tracking individual cells in a myriad of different genetic contexts. The zebrafish myotome, the compartment of the embryo that gives rise to skeletal muscle, is subdivided into a number of specific cell types—one of which, the adaxial cells, gives rise exclusively to muscle of the “slow twitch” class. The adaxial cells give rise to two types of slow muscle cell types, muscle pioneer cells and non-muscle pioneer slow cells, distinguished by gene expression and different cellular behaviours. In this study we use lineage tracing live imaging and the manipulation of distinct genetic pathways to demonstrate that the adaxial cells form a cell fate “equivalence group” that is specified using separate signaling pathways that operating in distinct dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai E. Nguyen-Chi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Carmen Sonntag
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Thomas E. Hall
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Abigail Gibson
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tamar Sztal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Wendy Chua
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Thomas F. Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- * E-mail:
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7
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den Hollander AI, Biyanwila J, Kovach P, Bardakjian T, Traboulsi EI, Ragge NK, Schneider A, Malicki J. Genetic defects of GDF6 in the zebrafish out of sight mutant and in human eye developmental anomalies. BMC Genet 2010; 11:102. [PMID: 21070663 PMCID: PMC2992036 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The size of the vertebrate eye and the retina is likely to be controlled at several stages of embryogenesis by mechanisms that affect cell cycle length as well as cell survival. A mutation in the zebrafish out of sight (out) locus results in a particularly severe reduction of eye size. The goal of this study is to characterize the outm233 mutant, and to determine whether mutations in the out gene cause microphthalmia in humans. Results In this study, we show that the severe reduction of eye size in the outm233 mutant is caused by a mutation in the zebrafish gdf6a gene. Despite the small eye size, the overall retinal architecture appears largely intact, and immunohistochemical studies confirm that all major cell types are present in outm233 retinae. Subtle cell fate and patterning changes are present predominantly in amacrine interneurons. Acridine orange and TUNEL staining reveal that the levels of apoptosis are abnormally high in outm233 mutant eyes during early neurogenesis. Mutation analysis of the GDF6 gene in 200 patients with microphthalmia revealed amino acid substitutions in four of them. In two patients additional skeletal defects were observed. Conclusions This study confirms the essential role of GDF6 in the regulation of vertebrate eye size. The reduced eye size in the zebrafish outm233 mutant is likely to be caused by a transient wave of apoptosis at the onset of neurogenesis. Amino acid substitutions in GDF6 were detected in 4 (2%) of 200 patients with microphthalmia. In two patients different skeletal defects were also observed, suggesting pleitrophic effects of GDF6 variants. Parents carrying these variants are asymptomatic, suggesting that GDF6 sequence alterations are likely to contribute to the phenotype, but are not the sole cause of the disease. Variable expressivity and penetrance suggest a complex non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where other genetic factors may influence the outcome of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke I den Hollander
- Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston MA 02111, USA
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Reed NP, Mortlock DP. Identification of a distant cis-regulatory element controlling pharyngeal arch-specific expression of zebrafish gdf6a/radar. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:1047-60. [PMID: 20201106 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal formation is an essential and intricately regulated part of vertebrate development. Humans and mice deficient in growth and differentiation factor 6 (Gdf6) have numerous skeletal abnormalities, including joint fusions and cartilage reductions. The expression of Gdf6 is dynamic and in part regulated by distant evolutionarily conserved cis-regulatory elements. radar/gdf6a is a zebrafish ortholog of Gdf6 and has an essential role in embryonic patterning. Here, we show that radar is transcribed in the cells surrounding and between the developing cartilages of the ventral pharyngeal arches, similar to mouse Gdf6. A 312 bp evolutionarily conserved region (ECR5), 122 kilobases downstream, drives expression in a pharyngeal arch-specific manner similar to endogenous radar/gdf6a. Deletion analysis identified a 78 bp region within ECR5 that is essential for transgene activity. This work illustrates that radar is regulated in the pharyngeal arches by a distant conserved element and suggests radar has similar functions in skeletal development in fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nykolaus P Reed
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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David L, Feige JJ, Bailly S. Emerging role of bone morphogenetic proteins in angiogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:203-12. [PMID: 19502096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily. Recent observations clearly emphasize the emerging role of BMPs in angiogenesis: (i) two genetic vascular diseases (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)) are caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the BMP signalling pathway (endoglin, ALK1 and BMPRII). (ii) BMP9 has been identified as the physiological ligand of the endothelial receptor ALK1 in association with BMPRII. This review will focus on the diverse functions of BMPs in angiogenesis. We will propose a model that distinguishes the BMP2, BMP7 and GDF5 subgroups from the BMP9 subgroup on the basis of their functional implication in the two phases of angiogenesis (activation and maturation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent David
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U878, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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10
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Moftakhar P, Hauptman JS, Malkasian D, Martin NA. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: cellular and molecular biology. Neurosurg Focus 2009; 26:E10. [PMID: 19408988 DOI: 10.3171/2009.2.focus09316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ObjectThe scientific understanding of the nature of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brain is evolving. It is clear from current work that AVMs can undergo a variety of phenomena, including growth, remodeling, and/or regression—and the responsible processes are both molecular and physiological. A review of these complex processes is critical to directing future therapeutic approaches. The authors performed a comprehensive review of the literature to evaluate current information regarding the genetics, pathophysiology, and behavior of AVMs.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed to reveal the molecular biology of AVMs as it relates to their complex growth and behavior patterns.ResultsGrowth factors involved in AVMs include vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor β, angiopoietins, fibronectin, laminin, integrin, and matrix metalloproteinases.ConclusionsUnderstanding the complicated molecular milieu of developing AVMs is essential for defining their natural history. Growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and other molecular markers will be the key to unlocking novel targeted drug treatments for these brain malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason S. Hauptman
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis Malkasian
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Neil A. Martin
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
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11
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De Mazière A, Parker L, Van Dijk S, Ye W, Klumperman J. Egfl7 knockdown causes defects in the extension and junctional arrangements of endothelial cells during zebrafish vasculogenesis. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:580-91. [PMID: 18224713 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cell (EC) -specific secreted protein EGFL7 is important for tubulogenesis in newly forming blood vessels. We studied its role in vascular tube formation by a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of Egfl7-knockdown zebrafish embryos. At 24 hours postfertilization, the endothelia of dorsal aorta (DA) and posterior cardinal vein (PCV) were correctly anchored to the hypochord and endoderm, respectively, but failed to expand into the vascular area. This resulted in vessels with reduced or split lumen and open sheets of ECs. Concomitantly, the organization of hematopoietic cells-identified by the presence of previously undescribed membrane tubules-between DA and PCV, and within the vessels, was severely disturbed. Strikingly, ectopic cell junctions occurred across the obstructed vessel lumen, on the luminal EC surfaces, which in control conditions never display junctions of any kind. These data suggest that Egfl7 provides ECs with a cue for their extension into the vascular area and in establishing EC cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann De Mazière
- Cell Microscopy Center, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Institute for Biomembranes, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Luttun A, Verhamme P. Keeping your vascular integrity: What can we learn from fish? Bioessays 2008; 30:418-22. [PMID: 18404689 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system has the life-providing task of delivering oxygen and any flaw in this system can be life-threatening. This has encouraged extensive studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind cardiovascular development/homeostasis. The zebrafish has emerged as a formidable tool to speed up this quest, as illustrated in a recent issue of Nature Genetics.1 Baculovirus IAP repeat c2 (BIRC2), also termed cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP)-1, was found to specifically prevent endothelial cells (ECs, lining the inside of vessels) from going into suicide mode ('apoptosis') and so preserve vessel integrity. Here, we summarize the factors determining vascular integrity and elaborate on the suitability of the zebrafish to study this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aernout Luttun
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Miano JM, Georger MA, Rich A, De Mesy Bentley KL. Ultrastructure of zebrafish dorsal aortic cells. Zebrafish 2008; 3:455-63. [PMID: 18377225 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2006.3.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) markers such as serum response factor (SRF) is complicated in zebrafish because of the ill-defined histology of the dorsal aorta and the presence of perivascular pigment. We report the ultrastructure of aortic cells in 7-day, 1-month, and 3-month-old zebrafish and provide clear evidence for the presence of perivascular melanocytes harboring an abundance of melanin. In 7-day-old larvae, endothelial cells (EC) and synthetic mural cells that display little evidence of VSMC differentiation comprise the dorsal aorta. The latter mural cells appear to fully differentiate into VSMC by 1 month of age. In 3-month-old adult zebrafish, EC exhibit greater differentiation as evidenced by the accumulation of electron-dense bodies having a diameter of approximately 200 nm. Adult zebrafish aortae also exhibit at least one clear layer of VSMC with the characteristic array of membrane-associated dense plaques, myofilament bundles, and a basement membrane. Subjacent to VSMC are collagen-producing adventitial fibroblasts and melanocytes. These studies indicate that fully differentiated VSMC occur only after day 7 in zebrafish and that such cells are arranged in at least one lamellar unit circumscribing the endothelium. These findings provide new data about the timing and accumulation of VSMC around the zebrafish aorta, which will be useful in phenotyping mutant zebrafish that exhibit defects in blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Miano
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
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14
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Asai-Coakwell M, French CR, Berry KM, Ye M, Koss R, Somerville M, Mueller R, van Heyningen V, Waskiewicz AJ, Lehmann OJ. GDF6, a novel locus for a spectrum of ocular developmental anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80:306-15. [PMID: 17236135 PMCID: PMC1785352 DOI: 10.1086/511280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colobomata represent visually impairing ocular closure defects that are associated with a diverse range of developmental anomalies. Characterization of a chromosome 8q21.2-q22.1 segmental deletion in a patient with chorioretinal coloboma revealed elements of nonallelic homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining. This genomic architecture extends the range of chromosomal rearrangements associated with human disease and indicates that a broader spectrum of human chromosomal rearrangements may use coupled homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms. We also demonstrate that the segmental deletion encompasses GDF6, encoding a member of the bone-morphogenetic protein family, and that inhibition of gdf6a in a model organism accurately recapitulates the proband's phenotype. The spectrum of disorders generated by morpholino inhibition and the more severe defects (microphthalmia and anophthalmia) observed at higher doses illustrate the key role of GDF6 in ocular development. These results underscore the value of integrated clinical and molecular investigation of patients with chromosomal anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Asai-Coakwell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
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16
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Zhang Z, Cerrato F, Xu H, Vitelli F, Morishima M, Vincentz J, Furuta Y, Ma L, Martin JF, Baldini A, Lindsay E. Tbx1 expression in pharyngeal epithelia is necessary for pharyngeal arch artery development. Development 2006; 132:5307-15. [PMID: 16284121 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic life, the initially paired pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) follow a precisely orchestrated program of persistence and regression that leads to the formation of the mature aortic arch and great vessels. When this program fails, specific cardiovascular defects arise that may be life threatening or mild, according to the identity of the affected artery. Fourth PAA-derived cardiovascular defects occur commonly in DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome (22q11DS), and in Tbx1(+/-) mice that model the 22q11DS cardiovascular phenotype. Tbx1 is expressed in pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm, and, in addition, we show that it is expressed in precursors of the endothelial cells that line the PAAs, thus expanding the number of tissues in which Tbx1 is potentially required for fourth PAA development. In this study, we have used cell fate mapping and tissue-specific gene deletion, driven by six different Cre lines, to explore Tbx1 gene-dosage requirements in the embryonic pharynx for fourth PAA development. Through this approach, we have resolved the spatial requirements for Tbx1 in this process, and we show pharyngeal epithelia to be a critical tissue. We also thereby demonstrate conclusively that the role of Tbx1 in fourth PAA development is cell non-autonomous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pyati UJ, Webb AE, Kimelman D. Transgenic zebrafish reveal stage-specific roles for Bmp signaling in ventral and posterior mesoderm development. Development 2005; 132:2333-43. [PMID: 15829520 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is crucial for the formation and patterning of zebrafish ventral and posterior mesoderm. Mutants defective in the Bmp pathway have expanded trunk muscle, abnormal tails and severely impaired development of ventral mesodermal derivatives such as vasculature, blood and pronephros. As Bmps continue to be expressed in the ventral and posterior mesoderm after gastrulation, it is likely that Bmp signaling continues to play an important developmental role during outgrowth of the posterior body. However, because Bmp signaling plays an essential role during the gastrula stages, it has not been possible with mutants or standard disruption techniques to determine the later functions of the Bmp pathway. To study the role of Bmp signaling in the ventral and posterior mesoderm during trunk and tail outgrowth, we generated a transgenic zebrafish line containing a heatshock-inducible dominant-negative Bmp receptor-GFP fusion. Our data show that Bmps are important for tail organizer formation and for patterning the ventral mesoderm during early gastrulation. However, from mid-gastrulation to the early somitogenesis stages, Bmp signaling is important for ventral tail fin development and for preventing secondary tail formation. We conclude that the role of Bmp signaling in the ventral and posterior mesoderm changes as gastrulation proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal J Pyati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA
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Abstract
Blood vessels nourish organs with vital nutrients and oxygen and, thus, new vessels form when the embryo needs to grow or wounds are to heal. However, forming new blood vessels is a complex and delicate process, which, unfortunately, is often derailed. Thus, when insufficient vessels form, the tissue becomes ischaemic and stops to function adequately. Conversely, when vessels grow excessively, malignant and inflamed tissues grow faster. It is now becoming increasingly evident that abnormal vessel growth contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous malignant, ischaemic, inflammatory, infectious and immune disorders. With an in-depth molecular understanding, we should be better armamented to combat such angiogenic disorders in the future. That such therapeutic strategies might change the face of medicine is witnessed by initial evidence of success in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Carmeliet
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Interuniversitary Institute for Biotechnology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
The reproducible pattern of blood vessels formed in vertebrate embryos has been described extensively, but only recently have we obtained the genetic and molecular tools to address the mechanisms underlying these processes. This review describes our current knowledge regarding vascular patterning around the vertebrate midline and presents data derived from frogs, zebrafish, avians, and mice. The embryonic structures implicated in midline vascular patterning, the hypochord, endoderm, notochord, and neural tube, are discussed. Moreover, several molecular signaling pathways implicated in vascular patterning, VEGF, Tie/tek, Notch, Eph/ephrin, and Semaphorin, are described. Data showing that VEGF is critical to patterning the dorsal aorta in frogs and zebrafish, and to patterning the vascular plexus that forms around the neural tube in amniotes, is presented. A more complete knowledge of vascular patterning is likely to come from the next generation of experiments using ever more sophisticated tools, and these results promise to directly impact on clinically important issues such as forming new vessels in the human body and/or in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hogan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
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20
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Abstract
Both blood vessels and nerves are vital channels to and from tissues. Recent genetic insights show that they have much more in common than was originally anticipated. They use similar signals and principles to differentiate, grow and navigate towards their targets. Moreover, the vascular and nervous systems cross-talk and, when dysregulated, this contributes to medically important diseases. The realization that both systems use common genetic pathways should not only form links between vascular biology and neuroscience, but also promises to accelerate the discovery of new mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Carmeliet
- Center for Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wilm TP, Solnica-Krezel L. Radar breaks the fog: insights into dorsoventral patterning in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:4363-5. [PMID: 12682283 PMCID: PMC153558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0931010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Wilm
- Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351634, Nashville, TN 37235-1634, USA
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