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James CD, Lewis RL, Witt AJ, Carter C, Rais NM, Wang X, Bristol ML. Fibroblasts Regulate the Transformation Potential of Human Papillomavirus-positive Keratinocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.16.613347. [PMID: 39345623 PMCID: PMC11430071 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.613347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary but insufficient for viral oncogenesis. Additional contributing co-factors, such as immune evasion and viral integration have been implicated in HPV-induced cancer progression. It is widely accepted that HPV+ keratinocytes require co-culture with fibroblasts to maintain viral episome expression, yet the exact mechanisms for this have yet to be elucidated. Here we present comprehensive RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis demonstrating that fibroblasts not only support the viral life cycle, but reduce HPV+ keratinocyte transformation. Our co-culture models offer novel insights into HPV-related transformation mechanisms. Highlights Fibroblasts support HPV RNA expression and episomal maintenance in HPV+ keratinocytesFibroblasts reduce EMT related expression in HPV+ keratinocytesFibroblasts promote EMT related expression in E6E7+ keratinocytes.
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2
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James CD, Lewis RL, Fakunmoju AL, Witt AJ, Youssef AH, Wang X, Rais NM, Prabhakar AT, Machado JM, Otoa R, Bristol ML. Fibroblast stromal support model for predicting human papillomavirus-associated cancer drug responses. J Virol 2024:e0102424. [PMID: 39269177 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01024-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no specific antiviral therapeutic approaches targeting Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which cause around 5% of all human cancers. Specific antiviral reagents are particularly needed for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers (HPV+OPCs) whose incidence is increasing and for which there are no early diagnostic tools available. We and others have demonstrated that the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is overexpressed in HPV+OPCs, compared to HPV-negative cancers in this region, and that these elevated levels are associated with an improved disease outcome. Utilizing this HPV+-specific overexpression profile, we previously demonstrated that estrogen attenuates the growth and cell viability of HPV+ keratinocytes and HPV+ cancer cells in vitro. Expansion of this work in vivo failed to replicate this sensitization. The role of stromal support from the tumor microenvironment (TME) has previously been tied to both the HPV lifecycle and in vivo therapeutic responses. Our investigations revealed that in vitro co-culture with fibroblasts attenuated HPV+-specific estrogen growth responses. Continuing to monopolize on the HPV+-specific overexpression of ERα, our co-culture models then assessed the suitability of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), raloxifene and tamoxifen, and showed growth attenuation in a variety of our models to one or both of these drugs in vitro. Utilization of these SERMs in vivo closely resembled the sensitization predicted by our co-culture models. Therefore, the in vitro fibroblast co-culture model better predicts in vivo responses. We propose that utilization of our co-culture in vitro model can accelerate cancer therapeutic drug discovery. IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus-related cancers (HPV+ cancers) remain a significant public health concern, and specific clinical approaches are desperately needed. In translating drug response data from in vitro to in vivo, the fibroblasts of the adjacent stromal support network play a key role. Our study presents the utilization of a fibroblast 2D co-culture system to better predict translational drug assessments for HPV+ cancers. We also suggest that this co-culture system should be considered for other translational approaches. Predicting even a portion of treatment paradigms that may fail in vivo with a co-culture model will yield significant time, effort, resource, and cost efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D James
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel L Lewis
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexis L Fakunmoju
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Austin J Witt
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Aya H Youssef
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nabiha M Rais
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Apurva T Prabhakar
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - J Mathew Machado
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Raymonde Otoa
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly L Bristol
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Mauroux A, Gofflo S, Breugnot J, Malbouyres M, Atlas Y, Ardidie-Robouant C, Marchand L, Monnot C, Germain S, Bordes S, Closs B, Ruggiero F, Muller L. Angiogenesis and full thickness wound repair in a cell sheet-based vascularized skin substitute. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00466-5. [PMID: 39182802 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering is undergoing tremendous expansion as a result from clinical needs, mandatory replacement of animal models and development of new technologies. Many approaches have been used to produce vascularized skin substitutes for grafting purposes showing the presence of capillary-like structures but with limited analysis of their in vitro maturation and plasticity. Such knowledge is however important for the development of tissue substitutes with improved implantation success as well as for validation of vascularization in vitro models, including as a readout in pharmacological analyses. For optimal interactions of cells with microenvironment and vasculature, we here used a cell sheet approach consisting in the sole production of matrix by the cells. In this context, we limited the density of endothelial cells seeded for self-assembly and rather relied on the stimulation of angiogenesis for the development of an extensive connected microvascular-like network. After detailed characterization of this network, we challenged its plasticity both during and after establishment of the skin substitute. We show that fine tuning of VEGF concentration and time of application differentially affects formation of capillary-like structures and their perivascular coverage. Furthermore, we performed a deep wound assay that displayed tissue repair and angiogenesis with unique characteristics of the physiological process. These studies demonstrate the importance of cell-derived microenvironment for the establishment of mature yet dynamic vascularized skin models allowing a wide range of pharmacological and basic investigations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The significant advancements in organ-on-chips and tissue engineering call for more relevant models including microvascularization with remodeling potential. While vascularized skin substitutes have been developed for years, focus has primarily been on the impact of microvascularization on implantation rather than on its in vitro characterization. We here developed a cell sheet-based vascularized skin substitute relying on angiogenesis, i.e. growth of vessel-like structures within the 3D model, rather than solely on endothelial cell self-assembly. We then characterized :1/ vascularization after modulation of angiogenic factor VEGF during the substitute construction; -2/ angiogenesis associated to tissue repair after deep mechanical wounding. These studies establish a solid physiologically relevant model for further investigation of skin cell interactions and in vitro wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Mauroux
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France - CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France; R&D Department, SILAB, ZI de la Nau, 19240 Saint Viance, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Univ Lyon 1, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Gofflo
- R&D Department, SILAB, ZI de la Nau, 19240 Saint Viance, France
| | | | - Marilyne Malbouyres
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Univ Lyon 1, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Yoann Atlas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France - CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Ardidie-Robouant
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France - CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Monnot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France - CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France - CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Bordes
- R&D Department, SILAB, ZI de la Nau, 19240 Saint Viance, France
| | - Brigitte Closs
- R&D Department, SILAB, ZI de la Nau, 19240 Saint Viance, France
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Univ Lyon 1, 32-34 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France - CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
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Byun KA, Kim HM, Oh S, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Radiofrequency Treatment Attenuates Age-Related Changes in Dermal-Epidermal Junctions of Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5178. [PMID: 38791217 PMCID: PMC11120932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) is essential for maintaining skin structural integrity and regulating cell survival and proliferation. Thus, DEJ rejuvenation is key for skin revitalization, particularly in age-related DEJ deterioration. Radiofrequency (RF) treatment, known for its ability to enhance collagen fiber production through thermal mechanisms and increase heat shock protein (HSP) expression, has emerged as a promising method for skin rejuvenation. Additionally, RF activates Piezo1, an ion channel implicated in macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype and enhanced TGF-β production. This study investigated the impact of RF treatment on HSP47 and HSP90 expression, known stimulators of DEJ protein expression. Furthermore, using in vitro and aged animal skin models, we assessed whether RF-induced Piezo1 activation and the subsequent M2 polarization could counter age-related DEJ changes. The RF treatment of H2O2-induced senescent keratinocytes upregulated the expression of HSP47, HSP90, TGF-β, and DEJ proteins, including collagen XVII. Similarly, the RF treatment of senescent macrophages increased Piezo1 and CD206 (M2 marker) expression. Conditioned media from RF-treated senescent macrophages enhanced the expression of TGF-β and DEJ proteins, such as nidogen and collagen IV, in senescent fibroblasts. In aged animal skin, RF treatment increased the expression of HSP47, HSP90, Piezo1, markers associated with M2 polarization, IL-10, and TGF-β. Additionally, RF treatment enhanced DEJ protein expression. Moreover, RF reduced lamina densa replication, disrupted lesions, promoted hemidesmosome formation, and increased epidermal thickness. Overall, RF treatment effectively enhanced DEJ protein expression and mitigated age-related DEJ structural changes by increasing HSP levels and activating Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Maylin Anti-Aging Center Ilsan, Goyang 10391, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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5
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Goletz S, Pigors M, Lari TR, Hammers CM, Wang Y, Emtenani S, Aumailley M, Holtsche MM, Stang FH, Weyers I, König IR, Has C, Radzimski C, Komorowski L, Zillikens D, Schmidt E. Laminin β4 is a constituent of the cutaneous basement membrane zone and additional autoantigen of anti-p200 pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:790-797. [PMID: 37992812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-p200 pemphigoid is a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD) characterized by autoantibodies against a 200 kDa protein. Laminin γ1 has been described as target antigen in 70% to 90% of patients. No diagnostic assay is widely available for anti-p200 pemphigoid, which might be due to the unclear pathogenic relevance of anti-laminin γ1 autoantibodies. OBJECTIVE To identify a target antigen with higher clinical and diagnostic relevance. METHODS Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and immunoblotting were employed for analysis of skin extracts and sera of patients with anti-p200 pemphigoid (n = 60), other AIBD (n = 33), and healthy blood donors (n = 29). To localize the new antigen in skin, cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed. RESULTS Laminin β4 was identified as target antigen of anti-p200 pemphigoid in all analyzed patients. It was located at the level of the basement membrane zone of the skin with predominant expression in keratinocytes. LIMITATIONS A higher number of sera needs to be tested to verify that laminin β4 is the diagnostically relevant antigen of anti-p200 pemphigoid. CONCLUSION The identification of laminin β4 as an additional target antigen in anti-p200 pemphigoid will allow its differentiation from other AIBD and as such, improve the management of these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Goletz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manuela Pigors
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tina Rastegar Lari
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph M Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shirin Emtenani
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike M Holtsche
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix H Stang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burn Care Unit, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Imke Weyers
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Komorowski
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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6
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Ye Z, Wandall HH, Dabelsteen S. Phosphoproteomic Analysis and Organotypic Cultures for the Study of Signaling Pathways. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4941. [PMID: 38410375 PMCID: PMC10895376 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways are involved in key cellular functions from embryonic development to pathological conditions, with a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis and transformation. Although most signaling pathways have been intensively examined, most studies have been carried out in murine models or simple cell culture. We describe the dissection of the TGF-β signaling pathway in human tissue using CRISPR-Cas9 genetically engineered human keratinocytes (N/TERT-1) in a 3D organotypic skin model combined with quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics mass spectrometry. The use of human 3D organotypic cultures and genetic engineering combined with quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics is a powerful tool providing insight into signaling pathways in a human setting. The methods are applicable to other gene targets and 3D cell and tissue models. Key features • 3D organotypic models with genetically engineered human cells. • In-depth quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics in 2D cell culture. • Careful handling of cell cultures is critical for the successful formation of the organotypic cultures. • For complete details on the use of this protocol, please refer to Ye et al. 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Ye
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Kumah E, Bibee K. Modelling cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma for laboratory research. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:117-125. [PMID: 36373888 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) leads to significant morbidity for patients with progression and metastases. However, the molecular underpinnings of these tumors are still poorly understood. Dissecting human cSCC pathogenesis amplifies the exigence for preclinical models that mimic invasion and nodal spread. This review discusses the currently available models, including two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures, syngeneic and transgenic mice, and cell line-derived and patient-derived xenografts. We further highlight studies that have utilized the different models, considering how they recapitulate specific hallmarks of cSCC. Finally, we discuss the advantages, limitations and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Kumah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin Bibee
- Transplant Dermatology, Micrographic Surgery and Dermatology Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Miyachi K, Yamada T, Sanada A, Inoue Y, Hasebe Y, Arima M, Iwata Y, Hasegawa S, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. Melanin accumulation in dermal stem cells deteriorates their exosome-mediated skin basement membrane construction in solar lentigo. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1881-1890. [PMID: 36048560 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solar lentigo (SL) is a hyperpigmented macule that occurs in sun-exposed areas and is characterized by the accumulation of melanin pigment in the epidermis. On the contrary, melanin-incorporated macrophages have also been identified in the dermis, which is thought to be caused by melanin transfer due to disruption of the basement membrane, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analysed SL lesions by pathological methods and examined the mechanism of melanin accumulation in the dermis using cultured skin models in vitro. First, we observed a significant decrease in type IV collagen (COL4), a major component of the basement membrane, in SL lesions. The basement membrane is known to be formed by the interaction of keratinocytes and dermal cells. Therefore, we constructed skin models containing fibroblasts or dermal stem cells and examined their effects on basement membrane formation. The results showed a markedly enhanced production of COL4 mediated by dermal stem cell-derived exosomes. The analysis of melanin localization in the SL dermis revealed that CD163-positive macrophages and CD271-positive dermal stem cells both took up melanin pigment. Exosomes of dermal stem cells incorporating melanosomes were less effective in promoting COL4 expression. These findings suggest that while the promotion of COL4 production in keratinocytes by dermal stem cell-derived exosomes is important for maintaining basement membrane homeostasis, this mechanism is disrupted in SL lesions, leading to chronic melanin accumulation in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Miyachi
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yamada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sanada
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu Inoue
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasebe
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Arima
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Hasegawa
- Research Laboratories, Nippon MENARD Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Akamatsu
- Department of Applied Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Tentaku A, Kurisu S, Sejima K, Nagao T, Takahashi A, Yonemura S. Proximal deposition of collagen IV by fibroblasts contributes to basement membrane formation by colon epithelial cells in vitro. FEBS J 2022; 289:7466-7485. [PMID: 35730982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) underlying epithelial tissue is a thin layer of extracellular matrix that governs tissue integrity and function. Epithelial BMs are generally assembled using BM components secreted from two origins: epithelium and stroma. Although de novo BM formation involves self-assembly processes of large proteins, it remains unclear how stroma-derived macromolecules are transported and assembled, specifically in the BM region. In this study, we established an in vitro co-culture model of BM formation in which DLD-1 human colon epithelial cells were cultured on top of collagen I gel containing human embryonic OUMS-36T-2 fibroblasts as stromal cells. A distinct feature of our system is represented by OUMS-36T-2 cells which are almost exclusively responsible for synthesis of collagen IV, a major BM component. Exploiting this advantage, we found that collagen IV incorporation was significantly impaired in culture conditions where OUMS-36T-2 cells were not allowed to directly contact DLD-1 cells. Soluble collagen IV, once diluted in the culture medium, did not accumulate in the BM region efficiently. Live imaging of fluorescently tagged collagen IV revealed that OUMS-36T-2 cells deposited collagen IV aggregates directly onto the basal surface of DLD-1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate a novel mode of collagen IV deposition in which fibroblasts proximal to epithelial cells exclusively contribute to collagen IV assembly during BM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Tentaku
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kurisu
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kurumi Sejima
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nagao
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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10
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Ye Z, Kilic G, Dabelsteen S, Marinova IN, Thøfner JF, Song M, Rudjord-Levann AM, Bagdonaite I, Vakhrushev SY, Brakebusch CH, Olsen JV, Wandall HH. Characterization of TGF-β signaling in a human organotypic skin model reveals that loss of TGF-βRII induces invasive tissue growth. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo2206. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling regulates various aspects of cell growth and differentiation and is often dysregulated in human cancers. We combined genetic engineering of a human organotypic three-dimensional (3D) skin model with global quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics to dissect the importance of essential components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including the ligands TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, the receptor TGF-βRII, and the intracellular effector SMAD4. Consistent with the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β signaling, the loss of TGF-β1 or SMAD4 promoted cell cycling and delayed epidermal differentiation. The loss of TGF-βRII, which abrogates both SMAD4-dependent and SMAD4-independent downstream signaling, more strongly affected cell proliferation and differentiation than did loss of SMAD4, and it induced invasive growth. TGF-βRII knockout reduced cell-matrix interactions, and the production of matrix proteins increased the production of cancer-associated cell-cell adhesion proteins and proinflammatory mediators and increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Inhibiting the activation of the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways blocked the development of the invasive phenotype upon the loss of TGF-βRII. This study provides a framework for exploring TGF-β signaling pathways in human epithelial tissue homeostasis and transformation using genetic engineering, 3D tissue models, and high-throughput quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gülcan Kilic
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina N. Marinova
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F. B. Thøfner
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ming Song
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asha M. Rudjord-Levann
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord H. Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H. Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Tan SH, Chua DAC, Tang JRJ, Bonnard C, Leavesley D, Liang K. Design of Hydrogel-based Scaffolds for in vitro Three-dimensional Human Skin Model Reconstruction. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:13-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Das R, Virlan MJR, Xenaki V, Kulasekara KK, Lukandu O, Neppelberg E, Vintermyr OK, Johannessen AC, Calenic B, Costea DE. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and keratinocyte growth factor control of early stages of differentiation of oral epithelium. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12867. [PMID: 35452148 PMCID: PMC9322408 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral epithelial differentiation is known to be directed by underlying fibroblasts, but the responsible factor(s) have not been identified. We aimed here to identify fibroblast‐derived factors responsible for oral epithelial differentiation. Primary normal human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from healthy volunteers after informed consent (n = 5) and 3D‐organotypic (3D‐OT) cultures were constructed. Various growth factors were added at a range of 0.1‐100 ng/ml. 3D‐OTs were harvested after ten days and assessed histologically, by immunohistochemistry and the TUNEL method. Epithelium developed in 3D‐OT without fibroblasts showed an undifferentiated phenotype. Addition of granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) induced expression of cytokeratin 13 in suprabasal cell layers. Admixture of GM‐CSF and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induced, in addition, polarization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and β1‐integrin to basal cell layer and collagen IV deposition. Terminal differentiation with polarization of TUNEL‐positive cells to superficial layers occurred only in the presence of fibroblasts in collagen gels either in direct contact or at distance from normal oral keratinocytes. Taken together, these results show that major aspects of oral epithelial differentiation are regulated by the synergic combination of GM‐CSF and KGF. However, the terminal stage seems to be controlled by other yet unidentified fibroblast‐derived diffusible factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Das
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Justina Roxana Virlan
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Department of Biochemistry, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Xenaki
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Keerthi K Kulasekara
- Department of Pharmacy & Applied Science, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ochiba Lukandu
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Evelyn Neppelberg
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav K Vintermyr
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Chr Johannessen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Department of Biochemistry, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Correa-Gallegos D, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Fibroblasts as confederates of the immune system. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:147-162. [PMID: 34036608 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic stromal cells are as diverse, in origin and function, as the niches they fashion in the mammalian body. This cellular variety impacts the spectrum of responses elicited by the immune system. Fibroblast influence on the immune system keeps evolving our perspective on fibroblast roles and functions beyond just a passive structural part of organs. This review discusses the foundations of fibroblastic stromal-immune crosstalk, under the scope of stromal heterogeneity as a basis for tissue-specific tutoring of the immune system. Focusing on the skin as a relevant immunological organ, we detail the complex interactions between distinct fibroblast populations and immune cells that occur during homeostasis, injury repair, scarring, and disease. We further review the relevance of fibroblastic stromal cell heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity is central to regulate the immune system from its inception during embryonic development into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Correa-Gallegos
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Aumailley M. Laminins and interaction partners in the architecture of the basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:17-24. [PMID: 33205478 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction keeps the epidermis attached to the dermis. This anatomical barrier is made up of four categories of extracellular matrix proteins: collagen IV, laminin, nidogen and perlecan. These proteins are precisely arranged in a well-defined architecture through specific interactions between the structural domains of the individual components. Some of the molecular constituents are provided by both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, while others are synthesized exclusively by fibroblasts or keratinocytes. It remains to be determined how the components from the fibroblasts are targeted to the dermal-epidermal junction and correctly organized and integrated with the proteins from the adjacent keratinocytes to form the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Aumailley
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Kim HB, Won KJ, Kim DY, Kang HM, Lee HM. Stimulatory Effects of Paederia foetida Flower Absolute on the Skin Wound and Barrier Repair Activities of Keratinocytes. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000506. [PMID: 32889769 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Paederia foetida (PF) has antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its biological activities on skin remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of PF flower absolute (PFFA) on skin wound healing- and skin barrier-linked responses in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). PFFA contained 23 components and increased the proliferation and sprout outgrowth of HaCaT cells and modestly increased migration. PFFA enhanced the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (AKT), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in HaCaT cells, and upregulated type I and IV collagen synthesis and filaggrin (an epidermal barrier protein) expression in HaCaT cells. These findings suggest PFFA may promote skin wound repair by stimulating migratory and proliferative activities (probably through the AKT/MAPK pathway), collagen synthesis, and skin barrier repair by upregulating the expressions of filaggrin in epidermal keratinocytes. Therefore, PFFA may be useful for developing agents that enhance skin wound and barrier-repair functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Bin Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea.,National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jong Won
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Do Yoon Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Hye Min Kang
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Lee
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
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16
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Advanced Hydrogels as Wound Dressings. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081169. [PMID: 32796593 PMCID: PMC7464761 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, protecting it against the external environment. Despite high self-regeneration potential, severe skin defects will not heal spontaneously and need to be covered by skin substitutes. Tremendous progress has been made in the field of skin tissue engineering, in recent years, to develop new skin substitutes. Among them, hydrogels are one of the candidates with most potential to mimic the native skin microenvironment, due to their porous and hydrated molecular structure. They can be applied as a permanent or temporary dressing for different wounds to support the regeneration and healing of the injured epidermis, dermis, or both. Based on the material used for their fabrication, hydrogels can be subdivided into two main groups—natural and synthetic. Moreover, hydrogels can be reinforced by incorporating nanoparticles to obtain “in situ” hybrid hydrogels, showing superior properties and tailored functionality. In addition, different sensors can be embedded in hydrogel wound dressings to provide real-time information about the wound environment. This review focuses on the most recent developments in the field of hydrogel-based skin substitutes for skin replacement. In particular, we discuss the synthesis, fabrication, and biomedical application of novel “smart” hydrogels.
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17
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A human skin equivalent burn model to study the effect of a nanocrystalline silver dressing on wound healing. Burns 2020; 47:417-429. [PMID: 32830005 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a deep burn wound model was established using a 3D human skin equivalent (HSE) model and this was compared to native skin. HSEs were constructed from dermis derived from abdominoplasty/breast surgery and this dermal template was seeded with primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The HSE model was structurally similar to native skin with a stratified and differentiated epidermis. A contact burn (60 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C) was applied with a modified soldering iron and wounds were observed at day 1 and 7 after burn. The HSEs demonstrated re-growth with keratinocyte proliferation and formation of a neo-epidermis after burn injury, whereas the ex vivo native skin did not. To assess the suitability of the 3D HSE model for penetration and toxicity studies, a nanocrystalline silver dressing was applied to the model for 7 days, with and without burn injury. The effect of silver on skin re-growth and its penetration and subcellular localization was assessed in HSEs histologically and with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). The silver treatment delayed or reduced skin re-growth, and silver particles were detected on the top of the epidermis, and within the papillary dermis. This novel in vitro 3D multicellular deep burn wound model is effective for studying the pathology and treatment of burn wound injury and is suitable for penetration and toxicity studies of wound healing treatments.
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18
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Chhabra R, Peshattiwar V, Pant T, Deshpande A, Modi D, Sathaye S, Tibrewala A, Dyawanapelly S, Jain R, Dandekar P. In Vivo Studies of 3D Starch–Gelatin Scaffolds for Full-Thickness Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2920-2929. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roha Chhabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vaibhavi Peshattiwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Tejal Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Aparna Deshpande
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute For Research In Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Anil Tibrewala
- Consultant Plastic and Cosmetic Surgeon, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Veer Sawarkar Marg, Asavari, Shivaji Park, Mumbai 400016, India
| | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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19
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Kim J, Guhl S, Babina M, Zuberbier T, Artuc M. Integration of the Human Dermal Mast Cell into the Organotypic Co-culture Skin Model. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2163:91-107. [PMID: 32766969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0696-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The organotypic co-culture skin model has been providing an advanced approach to in vitro investigations of the skin. Mast cells, containing various mediators such as tryptase and chymase, are thought to contribute to many physiological and pathological events of the skin interactively with other cells. Here, we introduce an organotypic co-culture skin model which successfully integrates human dermal mast cells for further study of mast cell interactions with fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghui Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Guhl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Metin Artuc
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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20
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21
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Suppression of Stromal Interferon Signaling by Human Papillomavirus 16. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00458-19. [PMID: 31292244 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00458-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect squamous epithelia and cause several important cancers. Immune evasion is critical for viral persistence. Fibroblasts in the stromal microenvironment provide growth signals and cytokines that are required for proper epithelial differentiation, maintenance, and immune responses and are critical in the development of many cancers. In this study, we examined the role of epithelial-stromal interactions in the HPV16 life cycle using organotypic (raft) cultures as a model. Rafts were created using uninfected human foreskin keratinocytes (HFKs) and HFKs containing either wild-type HPV16 or HPV16 with a stop mutation to prevent the expression of the viral oncogene E5. Microarray analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression patterns in the stroma in response to HPV16, some of which were E5 dependent. Interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) and extracellular matrix remodeling genes were suppressed, the most prominent pathways affected. STAT1, IFNAR1, IRF3, and IRF7 were knocked down in stromal fibroblasts using lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transduction. HPV late gene expression and viral copy number in the epithelium were increased when the stromal IFN pathway was disrupted, indicating that the stroma helps control the late phase of the HPV life cycle in the epithelium. Increased late gene expression correlated with increased late keratinocyte differentiation but not decreased IFN signaling in the epithelium. These studies show HPV16 has a paracrine effect on stromal innate immunity, reveal a new role for E5 as a stromal innate immune suppressor, and suggest that stromal IFN signaling may influence keratinocyte differentiation.IMPORTANCE The persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is the key risk factor for developing HPV-associated cancers. The ability of HPV to evade host immunity is a critical component of its ability to persist. The environment surrounding a tumor is increasingly understood to be critical in cancer development, including immune evasion. Our studies show that HPV can suppress the expression of immune-related genes in neighboring fibroblasts in a three-dimensional (3D) model of human epithelium. This finding is significant, because it indicates that HPV can control innate immunity not only in the infected cell but also in the microenvironment. In addition, the ability of HPV to regulate stromal gene expression depends in part on the viral oncogene E5, revealing a new function for this protein as an immune evasion factor.
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22
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Chang J, Chaudhuri O. Beyond proteases: Basement membrane mechanics and cancer invasion. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2456-2469. [PMID: 31315943 PMCID: PMC6683740 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cancers, cells must invade through basement membranes (BMs) to metastasize. The BM, a thin layer of extracellular matrix underlying epithelial and endothelial tissues, is primarily composed of laminin and collagen IV and serves as a structural barrier to cancer cell invasion, intravasation, and extravasation. BM invasion has been thought to require protease degradation since cells, which are typically on the order of 10 µm in size, are too large to squeeze through the nanometer-scale pores of the BM. However, recent studies point toward a more complex picture, with physical forces generated by cancer cells facilitating protease-independent BM invasion. Moreover, collective cell interactions, proliferation, cancer-associated fibroblasts, myoepithelial cells, and immune cells are all implicated in regulating BM invasion through physical forces. A comprehensive understanding of BM structure and mechanics and diverse modes of BM invasion may yield new strategies for blocking cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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23
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Saikia P, Thangavadivel S, Medeiros CS, Lassance L, de Oliveira RC, Wilson SE. IL-1 and TGF-β Modulation of Epithelial Basement Membrane Components Perlecan and Nidogen Production by Corneal Stromal Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5589-5598. [PMID: 30480706 PMCID: PMC6262649 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether (1) the in vitro expression of epithelial basement membrane components nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan by keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts is modulated by cytokines/growth factors, and (2) perlecan protein is produced by stromal cells after photorefractive keratectomy. Methods Marker-verified rabbit keratocytes, corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, or PDGF-AB. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect expression of nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and perlecan mRNAs. Western blotting evaluated changes in protein expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed on rabbit corneas for perlecan, alpha-smooth muscle actin, keratocan, vimentin, and CD45 at time points from 1 day to 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Results IL-1α or -1β significantly upregulated perlecan mRNA expression in keratocytes. TGF-β1 or -β3 markedly downregulated nidogen-1 or -2 mRNA expression in keratocytes. None of these cytokines had significant effects on nidogen-1, -2, or perlecan mRNA expression in corneal fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. IL-1α significantly upregulated, while TGF-β1 significantly downregulated, perlecan protein expression in keratocytes. Perlecan protein expression was upregulated in anterior stromal cells at 1 and 2 days after −4.5 or −9 diopters (D) PRK, but the subepithelial localization of perlecan became disrupted at 7 days and later time points in −9-D PRK corneas when myofibroblasts populated the anterior stroma. Conclusions IL-1 and TGF-β1 have opposing effects on perlecan and nidogen expression by keratocytes in vitro. Proximate participation of keratocytes is likely needed to regenerate normal epithelial basement membrane after corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla S Medeiros
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Luciana Lassance
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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24
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Identification of novel fibroblast-like cells from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3959-3966. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Basement membranes in the cornea and other organs that commonly develop fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:439-453. [PMID: 30284084 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are thin connective tissue structures composed of organ-specific assemblages of collagens, laminins, proteoglycan-like perlecan, nidogens, and other components. Traditionally, basement membranes are thought of as structures which primarily function to anchor epithelial, endothelial, or parenchymal cells to underlying connective tissues. While this role is important, other functions such as the modulation of growth factors and cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and fibrosis are equally important. An example of this is the critical role of both the epithelial basement membrane and Descemet's basement membrane in the cornea in modulating myofibroblast development and fibrosis, as well as myofibroblast apoptosis and the resolution of fibrosis. This article compares the ultrastructure and functions of key basement membranes in several organs to illustrate the variability and importance of these structures in organs that commonly develop fibrosis.
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Medeiros CS, Marino GK, Santhiago MR, Wilson SE. The Corneal Basement Membranes and Stromal Fibrosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4044-4053. [PMID: 30098200 PMCID: PMC6088801 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this review was to provide detailed insights into the pathophysiology of myofibroblast-mediated fibrosis (scarring or late haze) after corneal injury, surgery, or infection. Method Literature review. Results The epithelium and epithelial basement membrane (EBM) and/or endothelium and Descemet's basement membrane (BM) are commonly disrupted after corneal injuries, surgeries, and infections. Regeneration of these critical regulatory structures relies on the coordinated production of BM components, including laminins, nidogens, perlecan, and collagen type IV by epithelial, endothelial, and keratocyte cells. Whether a cornea, or an area in the cornea, heals with transparency or fibrosis may be determined by whether there is injury to one or both corneal basement membranes (EBM and/or Descemet's BM) and delayed or defective regeneration or replacement of the BM. These opaque myofibroblasts, and the disordered extracellular matrix these cells produce, persist in the stroma until the EBM and/or Descemet's BM is regenerated or replaced. Conclusions Corneal stromal fibrosis (also termed "stromal scarring" or "late haze") occurs as a consequence of BM injury and defective regeneration in both the anterior (EBM) and posterior (Descemet's BM) cornea. The resolution of fibrosis and return of stromal transparency depends on reestablished BM structure and function. It is hypothesized that defective regeneration of the EBM or Descemet's BM allows key profibrotic growth factors, including transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2, to penetrate the stroma at sustained levels necessary to drive the development and maintenance of mature opacity-producing myofibroblasts from myofibroblast precursors cells, and studies suggest that perlecan and collagen type IV are the critical components in EBM and Descemet's BM that bind TGF-β1, TGF-β2, platelet-derived growth factor, and possibly other growth factors, and regulate their bioavailability and function during homeostasis and corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Medeiros
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo K. Marino
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcony R. Santhiago
- Department of Ophthalmology at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Steven E. Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Yan WC, Davoodi P, Vijayavenkataraman S, Tian Y, Ng WC, Fuh JY, Robinson KS, Wang CH. 3D bioprinting of skin tissue: From pre-processing to final product evaluation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:270-295. [PMID: 30055210 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinted skin tissue has the potential for aiding drug screening, formulation development, clinical transplantation, chemical and cosmetic testing, as well as basic research. Limitations of conventional skin tissue engineering approaches have driven the development of biomimetic skin equivalent via 3D bioprinting. A key hope for bioprinting skin is the improved tissue authenticity over conventional skin equivalent construction, enabling the precise localization of multiple cell types and appendages within a construct. The printing of skin faces challenges broadly associated with general 3D bioprinting, including the selection of cell types and biomaterials, and additionally requires in vitro culture formats that allow for growth at an air-liquid interface. This paper provides a thorough review of current 3D bioprinting technologies used to engineer human skin constructs and presents the overall pipelines of designing a biomimetic artificial skin via 3D bioprinting from the design phase (i.e. pre-processing phase) through the tissue maturation phase (i.e. post-processing) and into final product evaluation for drug screening, development, and drug delivery applications.
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Orzechowska B, Pabijan J, Wiltowska-Zuber J, Zemła J, Lekka M. Fibroblasts change spreading capability and mechanical properties in a direct interaction with keratinocytes in conditions mimicking wound healing. J Biomech 2018; 74:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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The inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) products leukotriene B4 (LTB 4 ) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) modulates the inflammatory response and improves cutaneous wound healing. Clin Immunol 2018; 190:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Human Papillomavirus and the Stroma: Bidirectional Crosstalk during the Virus Life Cycle and Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080219. [PMID: 28792475 PMCID: PMC5580476 DOI: 10.3390/v9080219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) tumor viruses that are causally associated with human cancers of the anogenital tract, skin, and oral cavity. Despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines, HPVs remain a major global health issue due to inadequate vaccine availability and vaccination coverage. The HPV life cycle is established and completed in the terminally differentiating stratified epithelia, and decades of research using in vitro organotypic raft cultures and in vivo genetically engineered mouse models have contributed to our understanding of the interactions between HPVs and the epithelium. More recently, important and emerging roles for the underlying stroma, or microenvironment, during the HPV life cycle and HPV-induced disease have become clear. This review discusses the current understanding of the bidirectional communication and relationship between HPV-infected epithelia and the surrounding microenvironment. As is the case with other human cancers, evidence suggests that the stroma functions as a significant partner in tumorigenesis and helps facilitate the oncogenic potential of HPVs in the stratified epithelium.
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31
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Desmet E, Ramadhas A, Lambert J, Van Gele M. In vitro psoriasis models with focus on reconstructed skin models as promising tools in psoriasis research. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1158-1169. [PMID: 28585891 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217710637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex chronic immune-mediated inflammatory cutaneous disease associated with the development of inflammatory plaques on the skin. Studies proved that the disease results from a deregulated interplay between skin keratinocytes, immune cells and the environment leading to a persisting inflammatory process modulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of T cells. However, a major hindrance to study the pathogenesis of psoriasis more in depth and subsequent development of novel therapies is the lack of suitable pre-clinical models mimicking the complex phenotype of this skin disorder. Recent advances in and optimization of three-dimensional skin equivalent models have made them attractive and promising alternatives to the simplistic monolayer cultures, immunological different in vivo models and scarce ex vivo skin explants. Moreover, human skin equivalents are increasing in complexity level to match human biology as closely as possible. Here, we critically review the different types of three-dimensional skin models of psoriasis with relevance to their application potential and advantages over other models. This will guide researchers in choosing the most suitable psoriasis skin model for therapeutic drug testing (including gene therapy via siRNA molecules), or to examine biological features contributing to the pathology of psoriasis. However, the addition of T cells (as recently applied to a de-epidermized dermis-based psoriatic skin model) or other immune cells would make them even more attractive models and broaden their application potential. Eventually, the ultimate goal would be to substitute animal models by three-dimensional psoriatic skin models in the pre-clinical phases of anti-psoriasis candidate drugs. Impact statement The continuous development of novel in vitro models mimicking the psoriasis phenotype is important in the field of psoriasis research, as currently no model exists that completely matches the in vivo psoriasis skin or the disease pathology. This work provides a complete overview of the different available in vitro psoriasis models and suggests improvements for future models. Moreover, a focus was given to psoriatic skin equivalent models, as they offer several advantages over the other models, including commercial availability and validity. The potential and reported applicability of these models in psoriasis pre-clinical research is extensively discussed. As such, this work offers a guide to researchers in their choice of pre-clinical psoriasis model depending on their type of research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Desmet
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Anesh Ramadhas
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jo Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Mireille Van Gele
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Platelet-rich plasma with keratinocytes and fibroblasts enhance healing of full-thickness wounds. J Tissue Viability 2017; 26:208-215. [PMID: 28615133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering led to the development of various tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESS) for the treatment of skin injuries. The majority of the autologous TESS required lengthy and costly cell expansion process to fabricate. In this study, we determine the possibility of using a low density of human skin cells suspended in platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-enriched medium to promote the healing of full-thickness skin wounds. To achieve this, full-thickness wounds of size 1.767 cm2 were created at the dorsum part of nude mice and treated with keratinocytes (2 × 104 cells/cm2) and fibroblasts (3 × 104 cells/cm2) suspended in 10% PRP-enriched medium. Wound examination was conducted weekly and the animals were euthanized after 2 weeks. Gross examination showed that re-epithelialization was fastest in the PRP+cells group at both day 7 and 14, followed by the PRP group and NT group receiving no treatment. Only the PRP+cells group achieved complete wound closure by 2 weeks. Epidermal layer was presence in the central region of the wound of the PRP+cells and PRP groups but absence in the NT group. Comparison between the PRP+cells and PRP groups showed that the PRP+cells-treated wound was more mature as indicated by the presence of thinner epidermis with single cell layer thick basal keratinocytes and less cellular dermis. In summary, the combination of low cell density and diluted PRP creates a synergistic effect which expedites the healing of full-thickness wounds. This combination has the potential to be developed as a rapid wound therapy via the direct application of freshly harvested skin cells in diluted PRP.
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Dor-On E, Raviv S, Cohen Y, Adir O, Padmanabhan K, Luxenburg C. T-plastin is essential for basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/481/eaal3154. [PMID: 28559444 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of epithelial architecture is a complex process involving cross-talk between cells and the basement membrane. Basement membrane assembly requires integrin activity but the role of the associated actomyosin cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here, we identify the actin-bundling protein T-plastin (Pls3) as a regulator of basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. In utero depletion of Pls3 transcripts in mouse embryos caused basement membrane and polarity defects in the epidermis but had little effect on cell adhesion and differentiation. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that the apicobasal polarity defects were secondary to the disruption of the basement membrane. However, the basement membrane itself was profoundly sensitive to subtle perturbations in the actin cytoskeleton. We further show that Pls3 localized to the cell cortex, where it was essential for the localization and activation of myosin II. Inhibition of myosin II motor activity disrupted basement membrane organization. Our results provide insights into the regulation of cortical actomyosin and its importance for basement membrane assembly and skin morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Dor-On
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shaul Raviv
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yonatan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Shirshin EA, Gurfinkel YI, Priezzhev AV, Fadeev VV, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Two-photon autofluorescence lifetime imaging of human skin papillary dermis in vivo: assessment of blood capillaries and structural proteins localization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1171. [PMID: 28446767 PMCID: PMC5430894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The papillary dermis of human skin is responsible for its biomechanical properties and for supply of epidermis with chemicals. Dermis is mainly composed of structural protein molecules, including collagen and elastin, and contains blood capillaries. Connective tissue diseases, as well as cardiovascular complications have manifestations on the molecular level in the papillary dermis (e.g. alteration of collagen I and III content) and in the capillary structure. In this paper we assessed the molecular structure of internal and external regions of skin capillaries using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of endogenous compounds. It was shown that the capillaries are characterized by a fast fluorescence decay, which is originated from red blood cells and blood plasma. Using the second harmonic generation signal, FLIM segmentation was performed, which provided for spatial localization and fluorescence decay parameters distribution of collagen I and elastin in the dermal papillae. It was demonstrated that the lifetime distribution was different for the inner area of dermal papillae around the capillary loop that was suggested to be due to collagen III. Hence, we propose a generalized approach to two-photon imaging of the papillary dermis components, which extends the capabilities of this technique in skin diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury I Gurfinkel
- Research Clinical Center of JSC "Russian Railways", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Victor V Fadeev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Juergen Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Belair DG, Abbott BD. Engineering epithelial-stromal interactions in vitro for toxicology assessment. Toxicology 2017; 382:93-107. [PMID: 28285100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells drives the morphogenesis of ectodermal organs during development and promotes normal mature adult epithelial tissue homeostasis. Epithelial-stromal interactions (ESIs) have historically been examined using mammalian models and ex vivo tissue recombination. Although these approaches have elucidated signaling mechanisms underlying embryonic morphogenesis processes and adult mammalian epithelial tissue function, they are limited by the availability of tissue, low throughput, and human developmental or physiological relevance. In this review, we describe how bioengineered ESIs, using either human stem cells or co-cultures of human primary epithelial and stromal cells, have enabled the development of human in vitro epithelial tissue models that recapitulate the architecture, phenotype, and function of adult human epithelial tissues. We discuss how the strategies used to engineer mature epithelial tissue models in vitro could be extrapolated to instruct the design of organotypic culture models that can recapitulate the structure of embryonic ectodermal tissues and enable the in vitro assessment of events critical to organ/tissue morphogenesis. Given the importance of ESIs towards normal epithelial tissue development and function, such models present a unique opportunity for toxicological screening assays to incorporate ESIs to assess the impact of chemicals on mature and developing epidermal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Barbara D Abbott
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
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36
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Stratman AN, Pezoa SA, Farrelly OM, Castranova D, Dye LE, Butler MG, Sidik H, Talbot WS, Weinstein BM. Interactions between mural cells and endothelial cells stabilize the developing zebrafish dorsal aorta. Development 2016; 144:115-127. [PMID: 27913637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells (vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes) play an essential role in the development of the vasculature, promoting vascular quiescence and long-term vessel stabilization through their interactions with endothelial cells. However, the mechanistic details of how mural cells stabilize vessels are not fully understood. We have examined the emergence and functional role of mural cells investing the dorsal aorta during early development using the zebrafish. Consistent with previous literature, our data suggest that cells ensheathing the dorsal aorta emerge from a sub-population of cells in the adjacent sclerotome. Inhibition of mural cell recruitment to the dorsal aorta through disruption of pdgfr signaling leads to a reduced vascular basement membrane, which in turn results in enhanced dorsal aorta vessel elasticity and failure to restrict aortic diameter. Our results provide direct in vivo evidence for a functional role for mural cells in patterning and stabilization of the early vasculature through production and maintenance of the vascular basement membrane to prevent abnormal aortic expansion and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Stratman
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sofia A Pezoa
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olivia M Farrelly
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis E Dye
- Microscopy & Imaging Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harwin Sidik
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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37
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Tissot FS, Boulter E, Estrach S, Féral CC. The body’s tailored suit: Skin as a mechanical interface. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:475-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Woodby B, Scott M, Bodily J. The Interaction Between Human Papillomaviruses and the Stromal Microenvironment. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:169-238. [PMID: 27865458 PMCID: PMC5727914 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in stratified squamous epithelia and cause a variety of malignancies. Current efforts in HPV biology are focused on understanding the virus-host interactions that enable HPV to persist for years or decades in the tissue. The importance of interactions between tumor cells and the stromal microenvironment has become increasingly apparent in recent years, but how stromal interactions impact the normal, benign life cycle of HPVs, or progression of lesions to cancer is less understood. Furthermore, how productively replicating HPV impacts cells in the stromal environment is also unclear. Here we bring together some of the relevant literature on keratinocyte-stromal interactions and their impacts on HPV biology, focusing on stromal fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. We discuss how HPV oncogenes in infected cells manipulate other cells in their environment, and, conversely, how neighboring cells may impact the efficiency or course of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Woodby
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M Scott
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - J Bodily
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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39
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Osada A, Sekine H, Soejima K, Sakurai H, Shimizu T. Harvesting epithelial keratinocyte sheets from temperature-responsive dishes preserves basement membrane proteins and improves cell survival in a skin defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2516-2524. [PMID: 27061496 DOI: 10.1002/term.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cultured epithelial autograft (CEA) therapy has been used in clinical applications since the 1980s. However, there are some issues related to this treatment that still remain unsolved. Enzymatic treatment is typically used in the collection of epithelial keratinocyte sheets, but it tends to break the adhesion and basement membrane proteins. It is thought that the loss of proteins after enzymatic treatment is responsible for the poor survival of transplanted cell sheets. Our laboratory has developed a temperature-responsive culture dish that does not require enzymatic treatment to harvest the cells. In this study, we compare morphological and survival results from rat epithelial keratinocyte cell sheets harvested by temperature-reducing treatment (TT sheets) against cell sheets harvested by enzymatic (dispase) treatment (DT sheets). TT sheets preserve keratin structure in better conditions and express higher levels of collagen IV and laminin 5 than DT sheets. In order to evaluate cell sheet survival after transplantation, we created an in vivo transplant model. Keratinocyte sheets obtained from GFP-positive animals were transplanted into athymic rats. The survival rate 7 days after transplantation of TT sheet was higher than that of DT sheets. Collagen IV and Laminin 5 expression was observed in the TT sheet transplantation group. These results indicate that the remaining basement membrane proteins are important for initial attachment and cell survival. We believe that the cell sheet harvesting method using temperature-responsive culture dishes provides superior cell survival and can solve one of the roadblocks in CEA therapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osada
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - H Sekine
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Japan
| | - K Soejima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Sakurai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - T Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Japan
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40
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Nakamura R, Nakamura F, Fukunaga S. Perlecan Diversely Regulates the Migration and Proliferation of Distinct Cell Types in vitro. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:374-93. [PMID: 26562025 DOI: 10.1159/000440950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is a multifunctional component of the extracellular matrix. It shows different effects on distinct cell types, and therefore it is thought to show potential for therapies targeting multiple cell types. However, the full range of multifunctionality of perlecan remains to be elucidated. We cultured various cell types, which were derived from epithelial/endothelial, connective and muscle tissues, in the presence of either antiserum against perlecan or exogenous perlecan, and examined the effects of perlecan on cell migration and proliferation. Cell migration was determined using a scratch assay. Blocking of perlecan by anti-perlecan antiserum inhibited the migration of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and exogenous perlecan added to the culture medium promoted the migration of these cell types. The migration of other cell types was inhibited or was not promoted by exogenous perlecan. Cell proliferation was measured using a water-soluble tetrazolium dye. When cells were cultured at low densities, perlecan blocking inhibited the proliferation of VECs, and exogenous perlecan promoted the proliferation of keratinocytes. In contrast, the proliferation of fibroblasts, pre-adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells cultured at low densities was inhibited by exogenous perlecan. When cells were cultured at high densities, perlecan blocking promoted the proliferation of most cell types, with the exception of skeletal system-derived cells (chondrocytes and osteoblasts), which were inhibited by exogenous perlecan. Our results provide an overview of the multiple functions of perlecan in various cell types, and implicate a potential role of perlecan to inhibit undesirable activities, such as fibrosis, obesity and intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal By-Product Science, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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41
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Morgner J, Ghatak S, Jakobi T, Dieterich C, Aumailley M, Wickström SA. Integrin-linked kinase regulates the niche of quiescent epidermal stem cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8198. [PMID: 26349061 PMCID: PMC4569844 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in specialized niches that are critical for their function. Quiescent hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are confined within the bulge niche, but how the molecular composition of the niche regulates stem cell behaviour is poorly understood. Here we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a key regulator of the bulge extracellular matrix microenvironment, thereby governing the activation and maintenance of HFSCs. ILK mediates deposition of inverse laminin (LN)-332 and LN-511 gradients within the basement membrane (BM) wrapping the hair follicles. The precise BM composition tunes activities of Wnt and transforming growth factor-β pathways and subsequently regulates HFSC activation. Notably, reconstituting an optimal LN microenvironment restores the altered signalling in ILK-deficient cells. Aberrant stem cell activation in ILK-deficient epidermis leads to increased replicative stress, predisposing the tissue to carcinogenesis. Overall, our findings uncover a critical role for the BM niche in regulating stem cell activation and thereby skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morgner
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Sushmita Ghatak
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Computational RNA Biology and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Monique Aumailley
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Sara A. Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group ‘Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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Mikami T, Yoshida K, Sawada H, Esaki M, Yasumura K, Ono M. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases disturbs the collective cell migration of stratified TE-10 cells. Biol Res 2015; 48:48. [PMID: 26330114 PMCID: PMC4556056 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The collective cell migration of stratified epithelial cells is considered to be an important phenomenon in wound healing, development, and cancer invasion; however, little is known about the mechanisms involved. Furthermore, whereas Rho family proteins, including RhoA, play important roles in cell migration, the exact role of Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) in cell migration is controversial and might be cell-type dependent. Here, we report the development of a novel modified scratch assay that was used to observe the collective cell migration of stratified TE-10 cells derived from a human esophageal cancer specimen. Results Desmosomes were found between the TE-10 cells and microvilli of the surface of the cell sheet. The leading edge of cells in the cell sheet formed a simple layer and moved forward regularly; these rows were followed by the stratified epithelium. ROCK inhibitors and ROCK small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) disturbed not only the collective migration of the leading edge of this cell sheet, but also the stratified layer in the rear. In contrast, RhoA siRNA treatment resulted in more rapid migration of the leading rows and disturbed movement of the stratified portion. Conclusions The data presented in this study suggest that ROCKs play an important role in mediating the collective migration of TE-10 cell sheets. In addition, differences between the effects of siRNAs targeting either RhoA or ROCKs suggested that distinct mechanisms regulate the collective cell migration in the simple epithelium of the wound edge versus the stratified layer of the epithelium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-015-0039-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Mikami
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken, Japan. .,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fujisawa Shounandai Hospital, Fujisawa, Kanagawa-ken, Japan. .,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Yoshida
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
| | - Hajime Sawada
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
| | - Michiyo Esaki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Yasumura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
| | - Michio Ono
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
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43
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Human adipose-derived stromal cells as a feeder layer to improve keratinocyte expansion for clinical applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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44
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Fibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering organotypic skin models in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:483-512. [PMID: 26344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in "positional identity or memory". Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in scarless wound healing and complete restoration of native tissue architecture in fetus and oral mucosa; and excessive scar formation in diseased states like keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current concepts about the heterogeneity among fibroblasts and their role in various wound healing environments. Further, we contemplate how the insights on fibroblast heterogeneity could be applied for the development of next generation organotypic skin models.
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45
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Jerman UD, Kreft ME, Veranič P. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Urinary Bladder and Small Intestine and How to Apply Them in Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:521-30. [PMID: 26066408 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme are essential for the establishment of proper tissue morphology during organogenesis and tissue regeneration as well as for the maintenance of cell differentiation. With this review, we highlight the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal cross talk in healthy tissue and further discuss its significance in engineering functional tissues in vitro. We focus on the urinary bladder and small intestine, organs that are often compromised by disease and are as such in need of research that would advance effective treatment or tissue replacement. To date, the understanding of epithelial-mesenchymal reciprocal interactions has enabled the development of in vitro biomimetic tissue equivalents that have provided many possibilities in treating defective, damaged, or even cancerous tissues. Although research of the past several years has advanced the field of bladder and small intestine tissue engineering, one must be aware of its current limitations in successfully and above all safely introducing tissue-engineered constructs into clinical practice. Special attention is in particular needed when treating cancerous tissues, as initially successful tumor excision and tissue reconstruction may later on result in cancer recurrence due to oncogenic signals originating from an altered stroma. Recent rather poor outcomes in pioneering clinical trials of bladder reconstructions should serve as a reminder that recreating a functional organ to replace a dysfunctional one is an objective far more difficult to reach than initially foreseen. When considering effective tissue engineering approaches for diseased tissues in humans, it is imperative to introduce animal models with dysfunctional or, even more importantly, cancerous organs, which would greatly contribute to predicting possible complications and, hence, reducing risks when translating to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Dragin Jerman
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana, Slovenia
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46
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Varkey M, Ding J, Tredget EE. Advances in Skin Substitutes-Potential of Tissue Engineered Skin for Facilitating Anti-Fibrotic Healing. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:547-63. [PMID: 26184327 PMCID: PMC4598670 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin protects the body from exogenous substances and functions as a barrier to fluid loss and trauma. The skin comprises of epidermal, dermal and hypodermal layers, which mainly contain keratinocytes, fibroblasts and adipocytes, respectively, typically embedded on extracellular matrix made up of glycosaminoglycans and fibrous proteins. When the integrity of skin is compromised due to injury as in burns the coverage of skin has to be restored to facilitate repair and regeneration. Skin substitutes are preferred for wound coverage when the loss of skin is extensive especially in the case of second or third degree burns. Different kinds of skin substitutes with different features are commercially available; they can be classified into acellular skin substitutes, those with cultured epidermal cells and no dermal components, those with only dermal components, and tissue engineered substitutes that contain both epidermal and dermal components. Typically, adult wounds heal by fibrosis. Most organs are affected by fibrosis, with chronic fibrotic diseases estimated to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In the skin, fibroproliferative disorders such as hypertrophic scars and keloid formation cause cosmetic and functional problems. Dermal fibroblasts are understood to be heterogeneous; this may have implications on post-burn wound healing since studies have shown that superficial and deep dermal fibroblasts are anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic, respectively. Selective use of superficial dermal fibroblasts rather than the conventional heterogeneous dermal fibroblasts may prove beneficial for post-burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Varkey
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D3.81 WMSHC, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Jie Ding
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D3.81 WMSHC, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D3.81 WMSHC, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
- Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, 2D3.81 WMSHC, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
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Ali N, Hosseini M, Vainio S, Taïeb A, Cario‐André M, Rezvani H. Skin equivalents: skin from reconstructions as models to study skin development and diseases. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:391-403. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ali
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - M. Hosseini
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - S. Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Aapistie 5A 90220 Oulu Finland
| | - A. Taïeb
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
- Département de Dermatologie & Dermatologie Pédiatrique CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - M. Cario‐André
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
| | - H.R. Rezvani
- Inserm U 1035 33076 Bordeaux France
- Université de Bordeaux 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau Bordeaux France
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48
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Miller KJ, Brown DA, Ibrahim MM, Ramchal TD, Levinson H. MicroRNAs in skin tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:16-36. [PMID: 25953499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
35.2 million annual cases in the U.S. require clinical intervention for major skin loss. To meet this demand, the field of skin tissue engineering has grown rapidly over the past 40 years. Traditionally, skin tissue engineering relies on the "cell-scaffold-signal" approach, whereby isolated cells are formulated into a three-dimensional substrate matrix, or scaffold, and exposed to the proper molecular, physical, and/or electrical signals to encourage growth and differentiation. However, clinically available bioengineered skin equivalents (BSEs) suffer from a number of drawbacks, including time required to generate autologous BSEs, poor allogeneic BSE survival, and physical limitations such as mass transfer issues. Additionally, different types of skin wounds require different BSE designs. MicroRNA has recently emerged as a new and exciting field of RNA interference that can overcome the barriers of BSE design. MicroRNA can regulate cellular behavior, change the bioactive milieu of the skin, and be delivered to skin tissue in a number of ways. While it is still in its infancy, the use of microRNAs in skin tissue engineering offers the opportunity to both enhance and expand a field for which there is still a vast unmet clinical need. Here we give a review of skin tissue engineering, focusing on the important cellular processes, bioactive mediators, and scaffolds. We further discuss potential microRNA targets for each individual component, and we conclude with possible future applications.
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49
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Schlage P, Kockmann T, Kizhakkedathu JN, auf dem Keller U. Monitoring matrix metalloproteinase activity at the epidermal-dermal interface by SILAC-iTRAQ-TAILS. Proteomics 2015; 15:2491-502. [PMID: 25871442 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteases act on interstitial tissue secretomes released from multiple cell types. Thus, substrate proteins might be part of higher molecular complexes constituted by many proteins with diverse and potentially unknown cellular origin. In cell culture, these may be reconstituted by mixing native secretomes from different cell types prior to incubation with a test protease. Although current degradomics techniques could identify novel substrate proteins in these complexes, all information on the cellular origin is lost. To address this limitation, we combined iTRAQ-based terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (iTRAQ-TAILS) with SILAC to assign proteins to a specific cell type by MS1- and their cleavage by MS2-based quantification in the same experiment. We demonstrate the power of our newly established workflow by monitoring matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 10 dependent cleavages in mixtures from light-labeled keratinocyte and heavy-labeled fibroblast secretomes. This analysis correctly assigned extracellular matrix components, such as laminins and collagens, to their respective cellular origins and revealed their processing in an MMP10-dependent manner. Hence, our newly devised degradomics workflow facilitates deeper insight into protease activity in complex intercellular compartments such as the epidermal-dermal interface by integrating multiple modes of quantification with positional proteomics. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001643 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001643).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schlage
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ulrich auf dem Keller
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Bao K, Akguel B, Bostanci N. Establishment and characterization of immortalized gingival epithelial and fibroblastic cell lines for the development of organotypic cultures. Cells Tissues Organs 2014; 199:228-37. [PMID: 25471635 DOI: 10.1159/000363694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies using 3D co-cultures of gingival cells can resemble their in vivo counterparts much better than 2D models that typically only utilize monolayer cultures with short-living primary cells. However, the use of 3D gingival models is still limited through lack of appropriate cell lines. We aimed to establish immortalized cell line models of primary human gingival epithelium keratinocytes (HGEK) and gingival fibroblasts (GFB). Immortalized cell lines (HGEK-16 and GFB-16) were induced by E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus. In addition, 3D multilayered organotypic cultures were formed by embedding GFB-16 cells within a collagen (Col) matrix and seeding of HGEK-16 cells on the upper surfaces. Cell growth was analyzed in both immortalized cell lines and their parental primary cells. The expression levels of cell type-specific markers, i.e. cytokeratin (CK) 10, CK13, CK16, CK18, CK19 for HGEK-16 and Col I and Col II for GFB-16, were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expansion of the primary cultures was impeded at early passages, while the transformed immortalized cell lines could be expanded for more than 30 passages. In 3D cultures, immortalized HGEK formed a multilayer of epithelial cells. qRT-PCR showed that cell-specific marker expression in the 3D cultures was qualitatively and quantitatively closer to that in human gingival tissue than to monolayer cultures. These results indicate that immortalized gingival fibroblastic and epithelial cell lines can successfully form organotypic multilayered cultures and, therefore, may be useful tools for studying gingival tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bao
- Oral Translational Research Unit, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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