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Younesi FS, Hinz B. The Myofibroblast Fate of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Regeneration, Repair, or Despair? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8712. [PMID: 39201399 PMCID: PMC11354465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues of healthy or patient donors to be retransplanted in cell therapies. Because the number of MSCs obtained from biopsies is typically too low for direct clinical application, MSC expansion in cell culture is required. However, ex vivo amplification often reduces the desired MSC regenerative potential and enhances undesired traits, such as activation into fibrogenic myofibroblasts. Transiently activated myofibroblasts restore tissue integrity after organ injury by producing and contracting extracellular matrix into scar tissue. In contrast, persistent myofibroblasts cause excessive scarring-called fibrosis-that destroys organ function. In this review, we focus on the relevance and molecular mechanisms of myofibroblast activation upon contact with stiff cell culture plastic or recipient scar tissue, such as hypertrophic scars of large skin burns. We discuss cell mechanoperception mechanisms such as integrins and stretch-activated channels, mechanotransduction through the contractile actin cytoskeleton, and conversion of mechanical signals into transcriptional programs via mechanosensitive co-transcription factors, such as YAP, TAZ, and MRTF. We further elaborate how prolonged mechanical stress can create persistent myofibroblast memory by direct mechanotransduction to the nucleus that can evoke lasting epigenetic modifications at the DNA level, such as histone methylation and acetylation. We conclude by projecting how cell culture mechanics can be modulated to generate MSCs, which epigenetically protected against myofibroblast activation and transport desired regeneration potential to the recipient tissue environment in clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Sadat Younesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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2
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Ruiz-Magaña MJ, Llorca T, Martinez-Aguilar R, Abadia-Molina AC, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Olivares EG. Stromal cells of the endometrium and decidua: in search of a name and an identity. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1166-1176. [PMID: 35947987 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endometrial and decidual stromal cells are the same cells in different environments (non-pregnancy and pregnancy, respectively). Although some authors consider decidual stromal cells to arise solely from the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells, this is a debatable issue given that decidualization processes do not end with the formation of the decidua, as shown by the presence of stromal cells from both the endometrium and decidua in both undifferentiated (non-decidualized) and decidualized states. Furthermore, recent functional and transcriptomic results have shown that there are differences in the decidualization process of endometrial and decidual stromal cells, with the latter having a greater decidualization capacity than the former. These differences suggest that in the terminology and study of their characteristics, endometrial and decidual stromal cells should be clearly distinguished, as should their undifferentiated or decidualized status. There is, however, considerable confusion in the designation and identification of uterine stromal cells. This confusion may impede a judicious understanding of the functional processes in normal and pathological situations. In the present article we analyse the different terms used in the literature for different types of uterine stromal cells, and propose that a combination of differentiation status (undifferentiated, decidualized) and localization (endometrium, decidua) criteria should be used to arrive at a set of accurate, unambiguous terms. The cell identity of uterine stromal cells is also a debatable issue: phenotypic, functional and transcriptomic studies in recent decades have related these cells to different established cells. We discuss the relevance of these associations in normal and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Ruiz-Magaña
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Tatiana Llorca
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocio Martinez-Aguilar
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Clara Abadia-Molina
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G Olivares
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica Laboratorios, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
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3
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Maruoka H, Hasegawa T, Yoshino H, Abe M, Haraguchi-Kitakamae M, Yamamoto T, Hongo H, Nakanishi K, Nasoori A, Nakajima Y, Omaki M, Sato Y, Luiz de Fraitas PH, Li M. Immunolocalization of endomucin-reactive blood vessels and α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in murine nasal conchae. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:337-345. [PMID: 35589073 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, the biological functions of endomucin-positive blood vessels and closely associated αSMA-positive cells in long bones have been highlighted. The surrounding tissues of the flat bones, such as nasal bones covered with mucosa and lamina propria, are different from those of the long bones, indicating the different distributions of endomucin-positive blood vessels and αSMA-reactive cells in nasal bones. This study demonstrates the immunolocalization of endomucin-reactive blood vessels and αSMA-positive cells in the nasal conchae of 3- and 7-week-old mice. METHODS The nasal conchae of 3-week-old and 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used for immunoreaction of endomucin, CD34, PDGFbb, TRAP, and c-kit. RESULTS While we identified abundant endomucin-reactive blood vessels in the lamina propria neighboring the bone, not all were positive for endomucin. More CD34-reactive cells and small blood vessels were observed in the nasal conchae of 3-week-old mice than in those of 7-week-old mice. Some αSMA-positive cells in the nasal conchae surrounded the blood vessels, indicating vascular smooth muscle cells, while other αSMA-immunopositive fibroblastic cells were detected throughout the lamina propria. αSMA-positive cells did not co-localize with C-kit-immunoreactivity, thereby indicating that the αSMA-positive cells may be myofibroblasts rather than undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. CONCLUSIONS Unlike long bones, nasal conchae contain endomucin-positive as well as endomucin-negative blood vessels and exhibit numerous αSMA-positive fibroblastic cells throughout the lamina propria neighboring the bone. Apparently, the distribution patterns of endomucin-positive blood vessels and αSMA-positive cells in nasal conchae are different from those in long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue
| | - Mai Haraguchi-Kitakamae
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue; Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue; Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dental Medicine and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Minqi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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4
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Mechanical activation drives tenogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in aligned dense collagen hydrogels. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Zanata F, Curley L, Martin E, Bowles A, Bunnell BA, Wu X, Ferreira LM, Gimble JM. Comparative Analysis of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Dermal Fibroblasts. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1171-1178. [PMID: 34486404 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts (DFs) share several qualities with mesenchymal stem cell/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) derived from various tissues, including adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). ASCs and DFs are morphologically comparable and both cell types can be culture expanded through the utilization of their plastic-adherence properties. Despite these similar characteristics, numerous studies indicate that ASC and DF display distinct therapeutic benefits in clinical applications. To more accurately distinguish between these cell types, human DFs and ASCs isolated from three individual donors were analyzed for multipotency and cell surface marker expressions. The detection of cell surface markers, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, were used for phenotypic characterization of the DFs and ASCs. Furthermore, both cell types underwent lineage differentiation based on histochemical staining and the expression of adipogenic related genes, CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein alpha (CEBPα), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), UCP1, Leptin (LEP), and Adiponectin (ADIPOQ); and osteogenic related genes, Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Osteocalcin (OCN), and Osteopontin (OPN). Evidence provided by this study demonstrates similarities between donor-matched ASC and DF with respect to morphology, surface marker expression, differentiation potential, and gene expression, although appearance of enhanced adipogenesis in the ASC based solely on spectrophotometric analyses with no significant difference in real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of adipogenic biomarkers. Thus, there is substantial overlap between the ASC and DF phenotypes based on biochemical and differentiation metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Zanata
- Plastic Surgery Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Martin
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Annie Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- La Cell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lydia Masako Ferreira
- Plastic Surgery Division, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo UNIFESP/EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- La Cell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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6
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The Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050911. [PMID: 33652691 PMCID: PMC7956349 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is regarded as a pre-requisite in successful tissue grafting of both hard and soft tissues alike. This study considers mesenchymal stem cells from hair follicle outer root sheath (MSCORS) as powerful tools with a neat angiogenic potential that could in the future have wide scopes of neo-angiogenesis and tissue engineering. Autologous MSCORS were obtained ex vivo by non-invasive plucking of hair and they were differentiated in vitro into both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), two crucial cellular components of vascular grafts. Assessment was carried out by immunostaining, confocal laser-scanning microscopy, gene expression analysis (qRT-PCR), quantitative analysis of anastomotic network parameters, and cumulative length quantification of immunostained α-smooth muscle actin-containing stress fibers (α -SMA). In comparison to adipose mesenchymal stem cells, MSCORS exhibited a significantly higher differentiation efficiency according to key quantitative criteria and their endothelial derivatives demonstrated a higher angiogenic potential. Furthermore, the cells were capable of depositing their own extracellular matrix in vitro in the form of a membrane-cell sheet, serving as a base for viable co-culture of endothelial cells and SMCs integrated with their autologous matrix. Differentiated MSCORS hereby provided a complex autologous cell-matrix construct that demonstrates vascularization capacity and can serve as a base for personalized repair grafting applications.
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7
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Boric acid inhibits alveolar bone loss in rat experimental periodontitis through diminished bone resorption and enhanced osteoblast formation. J Dent Sci 2021; 15:437-444. [PMID: 33505614 PMCID: PMC7816015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Inhibition of bone resorption is essential for periodontal treatment. Recently, it has been suggested that boric acid suppresses periodontitis, but the mechanism of this inhibition is still not well understood. Therefore, to analyze the cellular response to boric acid administration, we histologically evaluated alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis of rats administered boric acid. Materials and methods 5-0 silk ligatures were placed around the cervix of the second maxillary molars of 4 week-old rats treated with or without boric acid. Five and 14 days after ligature placement, the periodontal tissues between first and second molars were investigated histologically and immunohistochemically using antibodies to CD68, cathepsin K, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Results Five days after the beginning of the experiment, many CD68-positive cells appeared in the periodontal tissues with ligature placement without boric acid administration. Also, the number of cathepsin K-positive osteoclasts had increased on the surface of alveolar bone. However, boric acid administration prevented severe bone resorption and reduced the number of cells positive for CD68 and cathepsin K. At day 14 post treatment, cells positive for α-SMA were seen in the periodontal tissues after boric acid administration, whereas no such cells were found around the alveolar bone without the administration of boric acid. Conclusion Boric acid inhibited the inflammation of ligature-induced periodontitis. This agent might reduce bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and also could accelerate osteoblastogenesis.
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8
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Long-term myofibroblast persistence in the capsular bag contributes to the late spontaneous in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20532. [PMID: 33239706 PMCID: PMC7689492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Late spontaneous in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is a complication presenting 6 months or later after cataract surgery. We aimed to characterize the cells in the lens capsules (LCs) of 18 patients with spontaneous late in-the-bag IOL dislocation. Patients' average age was 82.6 ± 1.5 years (range 72-98), and most of them had pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Cells from the LCs were positive for myofibroblast (αSMA), proliferation (Ki-67, PCNA), early lens development/lens progenitor (SOX2, PAX6), chemokine receptor (CXCR4), and transmembrane (N-cadherin) markers, while negative for epithelial (E-cadherin) marker. Moreover, the cells produced abundant fibronectin, type I and type V collagen in the nearby extracellular matrix (ECM). During ex vivo cultivation of dislocated IOL-LCs in toto, the cells proliferated and likely migrated onto the IOL's anterior side. EdU proliferation assay confirmed the proliferation potential of the myofibroblasts (MFBs) in dislocated IOL-LCs. Primary cultured lens epithelial cells/MFBs isolated from the LC of dislocated IOLs could induce collagen matrix contraction and continuously proliferated, migrated, and induced ECM remodeling. Taken together, this indicates that long-lived MFBs of dislocated IOLs might contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms in late in-the-bag IOL dislocation.
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9
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Albuquerque-Souza E, Schulte F, Chen T, Hardt M, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE, Holzhausen M, Kantarci A. Maresin-1 and Resolvin E1 Promote Regenerative Properties of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585530. [PMID: 33101318 PMCID: PMC7546375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maresin-1 (MaR1) and Resolvin E1 (RvE1) are specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that regulate inflammatory processes. We have previously demonstrated the hard and soft tissue regenerative capacity of RvE1 in an in vivo model of the periodontal disease characterized by inflammatory tissue destruction. Regeneration of periodontal tissues requires a well-orchestrated process mediated by periodontal ligament stem cells. However, limited data are available on how SPMs can regulate the regenerative properties of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) under inflammatory conditions. Thus, we measured the impact of MaR1 and RvE1 in an in vitro model of hPDLSC under stimulation with IL-1β and TNF-α by evaluating pluripotency, migration, viability/cell death, periodontal ligament markers (α-smooth muscle actin, tenomodulin, and periostin), cementogenic-osteogenic differentiation, and phosphoproteomic perturbations. The data showed that the pro-inflammatory milieu suppresses pluripotency, viability, and migration of hPDLSCs; MaR1 and RvE1 both restored regenerative capacity by increasing hPDLSC viability, accelerating wound healing/migration, and up-regulating periodontal ligament markers and cementogenic-osteogenic differentiation. Protein phosphorylation perturbations were associated with the SPM-induced regenerative capacity of hPDLSCs. Together, these results demonstrate that MaR1 and RvE1 restore or improve the regenerative properties of highly specialized stem cells when inflammation is present and offer opportunities for direct pharmacologic treatment of lost tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabian Schulte
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Markus Hardt
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Keshel SH, Rahimi A, Hancox Z, Ebrahimi M, Khojasteh A, Sefat F. The promise of regenerative medicine in the treatment of urogenital disorders. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1747-1759. [PMID: 32270582 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymers and scaffolds are the most significant tools in regenerative medicine. Urogenital disorders are an important group of diseases that greatly affect the patient's life expectancy and quality. Reconstruction of urogenital defects is one of the current challenges in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine, as well as tissue engineering, may offer suitable approaches, while the tools needed are appropriate materials and cells. Autologous urothelial cells obtained from biopsy, bone marrow-derived stem cells, adipose stem cells and urine-derived stem cells that expressed mesenchymal cell markers are the cells that mainly used. In addition, two main types of biomaterials mainly exist; synthetic polymers and composite scaffolds that are biodegradable polymers with controllable properties and naturally derived biomaterials such as extracellular matrix components and acellular tissue matrices. In this review, we present and evaluate the most appropriate and suitable scaffolds (naturally derived and synthetic polymers) and cells applied in urogenital reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoe Hancox
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (Polymer IRC), University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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11
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Angiogenic Potential of Bone Marrow Derived CD133 + and CD271 + Intramyocardial Stem Cell Trans- Plantation Post MI. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010078. [PMID: 31892273 PMCID: PMC7016579 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells with their various functions and characteristics have become a well-recognized source for the cell-based therapies. However, knowledge on their therapeutic potential and the shortage for a cross-link between distinct BM-derived stem cells, primed after the onset of myocardial infarction (MI), seems to be still rudimentary. Therefore, the post-examination of the therapeutic characteristics of such primed hematopoietic CD133+ and mesenchymal CD271+ stem cells was the object of the present study. Methods and Results: The effects of respective CD133+ and CD271+ mononuclear cells alone as well as in the co-culture model have been explored with focus on their angiogenic potential. The phenotypic analysis revealed a small percentage of isolated cells expressing both surface markers. Moreover, target stem cells isolated with our standardized immunomagnetic isolation procedure did not show any negative alterations following BM storage in regard to cell numbers and/or quality. In vitro network formation relied predominantly on CD271+ stem cells when compared with single CD133+ culture. Interestingly, CD133+ cells contributed in the tube formation, only if they were cultivated in combination with CD271+ cells. Additional to the in vitro examination, therapeutic effects of the primed stem cells were investigated 48 h post MI in a murine model. Hence, we have found a lower expression of transforming growth factor βeta 3 (TGFβ3) as well as an increase of the proangiogenic factors after CD133+ cell treatment in contrast to CD271+ cell treatment. On the other hand, the CD271+ cell therapy led to a lower expression of the inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: The interactions between CD271+ and CD133+ subpopulations the extent to which the combination may enhance cardiac regeneration has still not been investigated so far. We expect that the multiple characteristics and various regenerative effects of CD271+ cells alone as well as in combination with CD133+ will result in an improved therapeutic impact on ischemic heart disease.
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12
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A crucial role of fibroblast growth factor 2 in the differentiation of hair follicle stem cells toward endothelial cells in a STAT5-dependent manner. Differentiation 2019; 111:70-78. [PMID: 31715508 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is reported to affect the proliferation, differentiation, and survival abilities of stem cells. In this study, we hypothesize that FGF2 might promote the differentiation of hair follicle stem cell (HFSCs) into endothelial cells (ECs), in a manner dependent on STAT5 activation. We first treated human HFSCs with recombinant human FGF2 to determine the involvement of FGF2 in the differentiation of HFSCs. Then the expression of EC-specific markers including von Willebrand factor (vWF), VE-cadherin, CD31, FLT-1, KDR and Tie2 was evaluated using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, while the expression of HFSC-specific markers such as K15, K19, Lgr5, Sox9 and Lhx2 was determined by flow cytometry. Next, in vitro tube formation was performed to confirm the function of FGF2, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake by ECs and HFSCs was studied by Dil-acetylated LDL assay. In addition, we transduced FGF2-treated HFSCs with constitutive-active or dominant-negative STAT5A adenovirus vectors. FGF2 up-regulated the expression of EC-specific markers, and promoted the differentiation of HFSCs into ECs, tube formation and LDL uptake. The phosphorylated STAT5 was translocated into the nucleus of HFSCs after FGF2 treatment, but this translocation was blocked by the dominant-negative STAT5A mutant. FGF2 increased the differentiation potential through the activation of STAT5 in vivo. Taken together, we find that FGF2 promotes the differentiation of HFSCs into ECs via activated STAT5, which gives a new perspective on the role of FGF2 in the development of ischemic vascular disease.
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13
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Wei Q, Jiang C, Ye X, Huang X, Jin H, Xu G. Vitreous Proteomics Provides New Insights into Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Pathologic Myopia Choroid Neovascularization. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:786-796. [PMID: 31718389 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protein expression profile of vitreous humor (VH) from pathologic myopic retinoschisis (PMRS) patients with or without intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. VH samples from PMRS patients were subjected to proteomic analysis. Clinical data, including visual acuity, refractive error, and axial length, were recorded, and the fundus optical coherence tomography was performed. Seven PMRS patients were enrolled: 3 PMRS patients as control group, 3 PMRS patients with coexisting choroidal neovascularization (CNV) who developed retinoschisis aggravation after multiple intravitreal conbercept (IVC) injections, and one PMRS patient with coexisting CNV without leakage CNV (CNV-). A total of 310 differentially expressed proteins were identified in these VH samples. The expression of 28 proteins, related to cellular adhesion, protease inhibitors, proangiogenic factors, and antiangiogenic factors, was significantly downregulated in the IVC-treated eyes than in control- and CNV-eyes. α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was significantly upregulated in the IVC-treated eyes. Furthermore, the expression of αA-crystallin and fibrillin-1 was significantly upregulated in both IVC and CNV-eyes than in control eyes. These suggest that multiple IVC injections may increase the VH αSMA concentration, which may contribute to posterior hyaloid membrane or retinal inner limiting membrane contraction. Label-free proteomics is an efficient method to provide further insight into the pathogenesis of vitreoretinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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The Role of Extracellular Matrix Expression, ERK1/2 Signaling and Cell Cohesiveness for Cartilage Yield from iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174295. [PMID: 31480758 PMCID: PMC6747490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies involving chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remain inefficient in restoring cartilage properties upon injury. The induced pluripotent stem-cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPCs) have been put forward as a promising alternative cell source due to their high proliferation and differentiation potential. However, the observed cell loss during in vitro chondrogenesis is currently a bottleneck in establishing articular chondrocyte generation from iPSCs. In a search for candidate mechanisms underlying the low iPSC-derived cartilage tissue yield, global transcriptomes were compared between iMPCs and MSCs and the cell properties were analyzed via a condensation assay. The iMPCs had a more juvenile mesenchymal gene signature than MSCs with less myofibroblast-like characteristics, including significantly lower ECM- and integrin-ligand-related as well as lower α-smooth-muscle-actin expression. This correlated with less substrate and more cell-cell adhesion, impaired aggregate formation and consequently inferior cohesive tissue properties of the iMPC-pellets. Along lower expression of pro-survival ECM molecules, like decorin, collagen VI, lumican and laminin, the iMPC populations had significantly less active ERK1/2 compared to MSCs. Overall, this study proposes that this ECM and integrin-ligand shortage, together with insufficient pro-survival ERK1/2-activity, explains the loss of a non-aggregating iMPC sub-fraction during pellet formation and reduced survival of cells in early pellets. Enhancing ECM production and related signaling in iMPCs may be a promising new means to enrich the instructive microenvironment with pro-survival cues allowing to improve the final cartilage tissue yield from iPSCs.
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15
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The Combination of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 Synergistically Promotes the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Muñoz-Fernández R, De La Mata C, Requena F, Martín F, Fernandez-Rubio P, Llorca T, Ruiz-Magaña MJ, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Olivares EG. Human predecidual stromal cells are mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and have a therapeutic effect in an immune-based mouse model of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 31200769 PMCID: PMC6567662 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are involved in the maintenance and development of pregnancy, in which they play a key role in the induction of immunological maternal–fetal tolerance. Precursors of DSCs (preDSCs) are located around the vessels, and based on their antigen phenotype, previous studies suggested a relationship between preDSCs and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). This work aimed to further elucidate the MSC characteristics of preDSCs. Methods We established 15 human preDSC lines and 3 preDSC clones. Physiological differentiation (decidualization) of these cell lines and clones was carried out by in vitro culture with progesterone (P4) and cAMP. Decidualization was confirmed by the change in cellular morphology and prolactin (PRL) secretion, which was determined by enzyme immunoassay of the culture supernatants. We also studied MSC characteristics: (1) In mesenchymal differentiation, under appropriate culture conditions, these preDSC lines and clones differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and differentiation was confirmed by cytochemical assays and RT-PCR. (2) The expression of stem cell markers was determined by RT-PCR. (3) Cloning efficiency was evaluated by limited dilution. (4) Immunoregulatory activity in vivo was estimated in DBA/2-mated CBA/J female mice, a murine model of immune-based recurrent abortion. (5) Survival of preDSC in immunocompetent mice was analyzed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results Under the effect of P4 and cAMP, the preDSC lines and clones decidualized in vitro: the cells became rounder and secreted PRL, a marker of physiological decidualization. PreDSC lines and clones also exhibited MSC characteristics. They differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, and preDSC lines expressed stem cell markers OCT-4, NANOG, and ABCG2; exhibited a cloning efficiency of 4 to 15%; significantly reduced the embryo resorption rate (P < 0.001) in the mouse model of abortion; and survived for prolonged periods in immunocompetent mice. The fact that 3 preDSC clones underwent both decidualization and mesenchymal differentiation shows that the same type of cell exhibited both DSC and MSC characteristics. Conclusions Together, our results confirm that preDSCs are decidual MSCs and suggest that these cells are involved in the mechanisms of maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1284-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia De La Mata
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Requena
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO - Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government), PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Rubio
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tatiana Llorca
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria José Ruiz-Magaña
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G Olivares
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,Unidad de Gestión Clínica Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
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17
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Li N, Rickel AP, Sanyour HJ, Hong Z. Vessel graft fabricated by the on-site differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells towards vascular cells on vascular extracellular matrix scaffold under mechanical stimulation in a rotary bioreactor. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2703-2713. [PMID: 32255003 PMCID: PMC11299192 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Although a significant number of studies on vascular tissue engineering have been reported, the current availability of vessel substitutes in the clinic remains limited mainly due to the mismatch of their mechanical properties and biological functions with native vessels. In this study, a novel approach to fabricating a vessel graft for vascular tissue engineering was developed by promoting differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) on a native vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold in a rotary bioreactor. The expression levels of CD31 and vWF, and the LDL uptake capacity as well as the angiogenesis capability of the EC-like cells in the dynamic culture system were significantly enhanced compared to the static system. In addition, α-actin and smoothelin expression, and contractility of VSMC-like cells harvested from the dynamic model were much higher than those in a static culture system. The combination of on-site differentiation of stem cells towards vascular cells in the natural vessel ECM scaffold and maturation of the resulting vessel construct in a dynamic cell culture environment provides a promising approach to fabricating a clinically applicable vessel graft with similar mechanical properties and physiological functions to those of native blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, 4800 N Career Ave, Suite 221, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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18
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Patel JJ, Bourne LE, Davies BK, Arnett TR, MacRae VE, Wheeler-Jones CP, Orriss IR. Differing calcification processes in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and osteoblasts. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:100-113. [PMID: 31004580 PMCID: PMC6520648 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is the deposition of calcium phosphate mineral, often as hydroxyapatite, in the medial layer of the arteries. AMC shares some similarities to skeletal mineralisation and has been associated with the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) towards an osteoblast-like phenotype. This study used primary mouse VSMCs and calvarial osteoblasts to directly compare the established and widely used in vitro models of AMC and bone formation. Significant differences were identified between osteoblasts and calcifying VSMCs. First, osteoblasts formed large mineralised bone nodules that were associated with widespread deposition of an extracellular collagenous matrix. In contrast, VSMCs formed small discrete regions of calcification that were not associated with collagen deposition and did not resemble bone. Second, calcifying VSMCs displayed a progressive reduction in cell viability over time (≤7-fold), with a 50% increase in apoptosis, whereas osteoblast and control VSMCs viability remained unchanged. Third, osteoblasts expressed high levels of alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and TNAP inhibition reduced bone formation by to 90%. TNAP activity in calcifying VSMCs was ∼100-fold lower than that of bone-forming osteoblasts and cultures treated with β-glycerophosphate, a TNAP substrate, did not calcify. Furthermore, TNAP inhibition had no effect on VSMC calcification. Although, VSMC calcification was associated with increased mRNA expression of osteoblast-related genes (e.g. Runx2, osterix, osteocalcin, osteopontin), the relative expression of these genes was up to 40-fold lower in calcifying VSMCs versus bone-forming osteoblasts. In summary, calcifying VSMCs in vitro display some limited osteoblast-like characteristics but also differ in several key respects: 1) their inability to form collagen-containing bone; 2) their lack of reliance on TNAP to promote mineral deposition; and, 3) the deleterious effect of calcification on their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessal J Patel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; School of Life & Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Bethan K Davies
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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19
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Oldershaw R, Owens WA, Sutherland R, Linney M, Liddle R, Magana L, Lash GE, Gill JH, Richardson G, Meeson A. Human Cardiac-Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells, a Novel Cell Population with Therapeutic Potential. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:593-607. [PMID: 30803370 PMCID: PMC6486668 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stem/progenitors are being used in the clinic to treat patients with a range of cardiac pathologies. However, improvements in heart function following treatment have been reported to be variable, with some showing no response. This discrepancy in response remains unresolved. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a regenerative tool as these cells display both immunomodulatory and proregenerative activities. The purpose of this study was to derive a cardiac MSC population to provide an alternative/support to current therapies. We derived human cardiac-mesenchymal stem cell-like cells (CMSCLC), so named as they share some MSC characteristics. However, CMSCLC lack the MSC trilineage differentiation capacity, being capable of only rare adipogenic differentiation and demonstrating low/no osteogenic or chondrogenic potential, a phenotype that may have advantages following transplantation. Furthermore, CMSCLC expressed low levels of p16, high levels of MHCI, and low levels of MHCII. A lack of senescent cells would also be advantageous for cells to be used therapeutically, as would the ability to modulate the immune response. Crucially, CMSCLC display a transcriptional profile that includes genes associated with cardioprotective/cardiobeneficial effects. CMSCLC are also secretory and multipotent, giving rise to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Our findings support CMSCLC as a novel cell population suitable for use for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Oldershaw
- 1 Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - W Andrew Owens
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Linney
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Liddle
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lissette Magana
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gendie E Lash
- 4 Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jason H Gill
- 5 The Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northern Institute for Cancer Research (NICR), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Richardson
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Meeson
- 2 Institute of Genetic Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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20
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Horst M, Eberli D, Gobet R, Salemi S. Tissue Engineering in Pediatric Bladder Reconstruction-The Road to Success. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 30984717 PMCID: PMC6449422 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several congenital disorders can cause end stage bladder disease and possibly renal damage in children. The current gold standard therapy is enterocystoplasty, a bladder augmentation using an intestinal segment. However, the use of bowel tissue is associated with numerous complications such as metabolic disturbance, stone formation, urine leakage, chronic infections, and malignancy. Urinary diversions using engineered bladder tissue would obviate the need for bowel for bladder reconstruction. Despite impressive progress in the field of bladder tissue engineering over the past decades, the successful transfer of the approach into clinical routine still represents a major challenge. In this review, we discuss major achievements and challenges in bladder tissue regeneration with a focus on different strategies to overcome the obstacles and to meet the need for living functional tissue replacements with a good growth potential and a long life span matching the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Horst
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita Gobet
- Laboratory for Urologic Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children‘s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Li N, Sanyour H, Remund T, Kelly P, Hong Z. Vascular extracellular matrix and fibroblasts-coculture directed differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells toward smooth muscle-like cells for vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:61-69. [PMID: 30274093 PMCID: PMC11264340 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Construction of an artificial vascular graft is widely considered a promising strategy in vascular tissue engineering. However, limited sources of functional vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remain a major obstacle in vascular tissue engineering. In this study, we innovatively developed an approach to obtain functional VSMCs by onsite differentiating human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directed by decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibroblasts. The resulting cells and ECM-cells constructs were characterized by real time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, cell contractile functions, and migration capacity. Our results showed both ECM and fibroblasts induced MSCs differentiation toward VSMC-like cells with increased transcription of marker genes, upregulated expression of contractile apparatus proteins, and enhanced functional activity of VSMC phenotype. Interestingly, our findings revealed that native ECM and fibroblasts-coculture had a higher potential to promote MSCs differentiation into VSMCs than growth factors cocktail (GFC) supplemented culture, thereby providing a potential source of VSMCs for blood vessel constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, SD, United States of America; BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - Hanna Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, SD, United States of America; BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - Tyler Remund
- Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America; School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, SD, United States of America
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, SD, United States of America; BioSNTR, Sioux Falls, SD, United States of America.
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22
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Yang K, Sun J, Guo Z, Yang J, Wei D, Tan Y, Guo L, Luo H, Fan H, Zhang X. Methacrylamide-modified collagen hydrogel with improved anti-actin-mediated matrix contraction behavior. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7543-7555. [PMID: 32254756 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For an ideal biomimetic microenvironment to realize reliable cartilage regeneration, the ability to induce mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) differentiation along the chondrogenic lineage and prevent further dedifferentiation is expected. With native bioactivity, collagen has been proved to be preferential for inducing the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, the phenotypic maintenance of differentiated chondrocytes in a collagen matrix is still a challenge. Actin traction, which causes drastic contraction of the collagen matrix, is frequently observed and might be an important factor that affects cell fates including chondrogenic differentiation and phenotypic maintenance. In this study, photochemical modification was applied to acquire collagen hydrogels with improved mechanical strength and creep behavior. Accompanied by inherited bioactivity, the photo-crosslinked collagen hydrogel well supported the actin cytoskeleton functionalization while resisting the actin-mediated matrix contraction. Benefitting from this, the hydrogel system promoted MSCs proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation, and more importantly, prevented further dedifferentiation. By exploring the mesenchymal development-related signal transduction markers, it was revealed that the promoted chondrogenesis was achieved through inhibiting the over-expression of MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways that up-regulated dedifferentiated gene expression. The strategy of applying the hydrogel system to cartilage regeneration is foreseeable based on the positive heterotopic and orthotopic chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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23
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Kong X, Kong C, Wen S, Shi J. The use of heparin, bFGF, and VEGF 145 grafted acellular vascular scaffold in small diameter vascular graft. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:672-679. [PMID: 30091526 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We aim to test the application of heparin, bFGF, and VEGF 145 grafted acellular vascular scaffold in small diameter vascular graft. The amount of bFGF and VEGF 145 were determined by ELISA. Femoral artery transplantation was performed. Mechanical strength of acellular vascular scaffolds was determined. Angiography was performed for blood vessel patency. Factor VIII and α2-actin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. bFGF and VEGF 145 had stable release at 60 and 70 days in vitro, and the release rate of VEGF 145 was slightly slower than that of bFGF. After transplantation, 9 months of the vascular patency rate was 100% at 1, 3, and 9 months, and, was up to 90% at 18 months, while the patency rate in group with grafted heparin only at 1-month was 60%, at 3-month was 40%, at 9-month was 15%, and at 18-month was 10%. The blood vessels taken after 18 months had no significant difference in the mechanical properties between the transplanted and the natural vessels. Positive expression of factor VIII and α2-actin was observed. The heparinized and bFGF and VEGF 145 grafted allogeneic vascular acellular scaffolds are preliminarily obtained, which show good biocompatibility and patency and are of great importance for small diameter vascular graft. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 00B: 000-000, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 672-679, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Kong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Chen Kong
- College of Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shunsheng Wen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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24
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Guzman YA, Sakellari D, Papadimitriou K, Floudas CA. High-throughput proteomic analysis of candidate biomarker changes in gingival crevicular fluid after treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:853-860. [PMID: 29900535 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Untargeted, high-throughput proteomics methodologies have great potential to aid in identifying biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. The application of such methods to the discovery of candidate biomarkers for the resolution of periodontal inflammation after periodontal therapy has been investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 10 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis at baseline and 1, 5, 9 and 13 weeks after completion of mechanical periodontal treatment. Clinical indices of periodontal disease, including probing depth, recession, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing, were recorded at baseline and 13 weeks. Samples were analyzed using an online liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray-hybrid ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Spectra were processed with the PILOT_PROTEIN proteomics software suite. RESULTS Clinical parameters were significantly improved 13 weeks after treatment (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, P < .05). From the substantial number of identified proteins, a small subset was extracted by filter methods that included temporal pattern matching, logistic function fitting and mixed-integer linear optimization. This subset includes azurocidin, lysozyme C and myosin-9 as candidate biomarkers prominent at baseline and alpha-smooth muscle actin as prominent 13 weeks after treatment. Cross-validation studies yielded average predictive accuracy and area under the curve of 0.900 and 0.930, respectively. CONCLUSION High-throughput proteomic analysis can contribute to identifying endpoints of periodontal therapy. These candidate biomarkers should be evaluated for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Guzman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - D Sakellari
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Papadimitriou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C A Floudas
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.,Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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25
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Lu W, Li X. Vascular stem/progenitor cells: functions and signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:859-869. [PMID: 28956069 PMCID: PMC11105279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular stem/progenitor cells (VSCs) are an important source of all types of vascular cells needed to build, maintain, repair, and remodel blood vessels. VSCs, therefore, play critical roles in the development, normal physiology, and pathophysiology of numerous diseases. There are four major types of VSCs, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), pericytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). VSCs can be found in bone marrow, circulating blood, vessel walls, and other extravascular tissues. During the past two decades, considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the derivation, surface markers, and differentiation of VSCs. Yet, the mechanisms regulating their functions and maintenance under normal and pathological conditions, such as in eye diseases, remain to be further elucidated. Owing to the essential roles of blood vessels in human tissues and organs, understanding the functional properties and the underlying molecular basis of VSCs is of critical importance for both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Kundrotas G, Gasperskaja E, Slapsyte G, Gudleviciene Z, Krasko J, Stumbryte A, Liudkeviciene R. Identity, proliferation capacity, genomic stability and novel senescence markers of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from low volume of human bone marrow. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10788-802. [PMID: 26910916 PMCID: PMC4905439 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) hold promise for treating incurable diseases and repairing of damaged tissues. However, hBM-MSCs face the disadvantages of painful invasive isolation and limited cell numbers. In this study we assessed characteristics of MSCs isolated from residual human bone marrow transplantation material and expanded to clinically relevant numbers at passages 3-4 and 6-7. Results indicated that early passage hBM-MSCs are genomically stable and retain identity and high proliferation capacity. Despite the chromosomal stability, the cells became senescent at late passages, paralleling the slower proliferation, altered morphology and immunophenotype. By qRT-PCR array profiling, we revealed 13 genes and 33 miRNAs significantly differentially expressed in late passage cells, among which 8 genes and 30 miRNAs emerged as potential novel biomarkers of hBM-MSC aging. Functional analysis of genes with altered expression showed strong association with biological processes causing cellular senescence. Altogether, this study revives hBM as convenient source for cellular therapy. Potential novel markers provide new details for better understanding the hBM-MSC senescence mechanisms, contributing to basic science, facilitating the development of cellular therapy quality control, and providing new clues for human disease processes since senescence phenotype of the hematological patient hBM-MSCs only very recently has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielis Kundrotas
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Biobank, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evelina Gasperskaja
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Grazina Slapsyte
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jan Krasko
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
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McGonagle D, Baboolal TG, Jones E. Native joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:719-730. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Pelizzo G, Avanzini MA, Folini M, Bussani R, Mantelli M, Croce S, Acquafredda G, Travaglino P, Cimino-Reale G, Boni M, Dambruoso I, Calcaterra V. CPAM type 2-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Malignancy risk study in a 14-month-old boy. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:990-999. [PMID: 28493304 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM) and malignancy is reported in the literature. Interactions between the tumor, immune, and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as crucial for understanding tumorigenesis. We characterized MSCs isolated from CPAM lesions in order to define potential malignancy risks. METHODS CPAM II pulmonary tissue was used for MSC expansion; a "healthy" lung section from the same child was used as a comparator. Morphology, immunophenotype, differentiation and immunological capacity, proliferative growth, gene signature telomerase activity, and in vivo tumorigenicity in nude mice were evaluated. RESULTS MSCs were successfully isolated and propagated from CPAM tissue. CPAM-MSCs presented the typical MSC morphology and phenotype, while exhibiting high proliferative capacity, reaching confluence at a median time of 5 days as well as differentiation capabilities. CPAM-MSCs at early passages were not neoplastic and chromosomally normal, even though unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements were noted by molecular karyotype. CONCLUSIONS CPAM-MSCs exhibited specific features similar to tumor derived MSCs. Whilst there was no evidence of malignant transformation in the cystic tissue, our results provide evidence that this abnormal tissue has malignant potential. MSCs are considered important players in the tumor microenvironment and they have been closely linked to regulation of tumor survival, growth, and progression. Thus, early lesion resection also in asymptomatic patients might be indicated to exclude that the microenvironment may be potentially permissive to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Children's Hospital, Istituto Mediterraneo di Eccellenza Pediatrica, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Avanzini
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Melissa Mantelli
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Croce
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Acquafredda
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Travaglino
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Graziella Cimino-Reale
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Boni
- Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Dambruoso
- Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Usprech J, Romero DA, Amon CH, Simmons CA. Combinatorial screening of 3D biomaterial properties that promote myofibrogenesis for mesenchymal stromal cell-based heart valve tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:34-43. [PMID: 28532900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of a biomaterial integrate with soluble cues in the cell microenvironment to direct cell fate and function. Predictable biomaterial-based control of integrated cell responses has been investigated with two-dimensional (2D) screening platforms, but integrated responses in 3D have largely not been explored systematically. To address this need, we developed a screening platform using polyethylene glycol norbornene (PEG-NB) as a model biomaterial with which the polymer wt% (to control elastic modulus) and adhesion peptide types (RGD, DGEA, YIGSR) and densities could be controlled independently and combinatorially in arrays of 3D hydrogels. We applied this platform and regression modeling to identify combinations of biomaterial and soluble biochemical (TGF-β1) factors that best promoted myofibrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) in order to inform our understanding of regenerative processes for heart valve tissue engineering. In contrast to 2D culture, our screens revealed that soft hydrogels (low PEG-NB wt%) best promoted spread myofibroblastic cells that expressed high levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I. High concentrations of RGD enhanced α-SMA expression in the presence of TGF-β1 and cell spreading regardless of whether TGF-β1 was in the culture medium. Strikingly, combinations of peptides that maximized collagen expression depended on the presence or absence of TGF-β1, indicating that biomaterial properties can modulate MSC response to soluble signals. This combination of a 3D biomaterial array screening platform with statistical modeling is broadly applicable to systematically identify combinations of biomaterial and microenvironmental conditions that optimally guide cell responses. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We present a novel screening platform and methodology to model and identify how combinations of biomaterial and microenvironmental conditions guide cell phenotypes in 3D. Our approach to systematically identify complex relationships between microenvironmental cues and cell responses enables greater predictive power over cell fate in conditions with interacting material design factors. We demonstrate that this approach not only predicts that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) myofibrogenesis is promoted by soft, porous 3D biomaterials, but also generated new insights which demonstrate how biomaterial properties can differentially modulate MSC response to soluble signals. An additional benefit of the process includes utilizing both parametric and non parametric analyses which can demonstrate dominant significant trends as well as subtle interactions between biochemical and biomaterial cues.
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Rao S, Zaidi S, Banerjee J, Jogunoori W, Sebastian R, Mishra B, Nguyen BN, Wu RC, White J, Deng C, Amdur R, Li S, Mishra L. Transforming growth factor-β in liver cancer stem cells and regeneration. Hepatol Commun 2017; 1:477-493. [PMID: 29404474 PMCID: PMC5678904 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have established mechanisms that contribute to tumor heterogeneity as well as resistance to therapy. Over 40% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are considered to be clonal and arise from a stem-like/cancer stem cell. Moreover, HCC is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and an improved understanding of cancer stem cells and targeting these in this cancer are urgently needed. Multiple studies have revealed etiological patterns and multiple genes/pathways signifying initiation and progression of HCC; however, unlike the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, loss of p53 and/or activation of β-catenin do not spontaneously drive HCC in animal models. Despite many advances in cancer genetics that include identifying the dominant role of TGF-β signaling in gastrointestinal cancers, we have not reached an integrated view of genetic mutations, copy number changes, driver pathways, and animal models that support effective targeted therapies for these common and lethal cancers. Moreover, pathways involved in stem cell transformation into gastrointestinal cancers remain largely undefined. Identifying the key mechanisms and developing models that reflect the human disease can lead to effective new treatment strategies. In this review, we dissect the evidence obtained from mouse and human liver regeneration, and mouse genetics, to provide insight into the role of TGF-β in regulating the cancer stem cell niche. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:477-493).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Rao
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Sobia Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Jaideep Banerjee
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Wilma Jogunoori
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Raul Sebastian
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Bibhuti Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC.,Institute for Clinical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Ray-Chang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Jon White
- Institute for Clinical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC.,Health Sciences University of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Richard Amdur
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Center for Translational Medicine Department of Surgery, George Washington University Washington DC.,Institute for Clinical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Washington DC
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Lee JS, Tae SS, Kim DY, Han SK, Kim WK, Dhong ES. Do IL-3/GM-CSF effect on the myofibroblastic differentiation of human adipose derived stromal cells? Exp Cell Res 2017; 355:67-82. [PMID: 28377320 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture is an incurable complication after silicone-based implant surgery. Myofibroblast is the predominant cell in the contracted capsule. We hypothesized that human adipose derive stromal cells (hASCs) together with fibroblast may show a similar phenotypic characteristics of myofibroblast after the treatment of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Interleukin 3 (IL-3) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were treated in the culture of hASCs and HDFs. Lyn peptide inhibitor was applied as an inhibitor. The changes of cell surface markers (CD105, CD73, CD34, CD45, CD31, CD325 and CD146) were assessed. The expression of various cytokines related to wound contraction were tested such as TGF-β, α-SMA, HGF, FGF, ENT-1, and TSP-1. Myo-D, α-SMA, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were evaluated by blotting and immunocytochemical staining. The collagen-gel contraction assay was performed for the functional contraction of myofibroblastic phenotype. RESULTS The expression of α-SMA, Myo-D and GFAP after the treatment of IL-3/GM-CSF showed similar results in hASCs and HDFs. Enhanced expression of TGF- β was observed in HDFs and the increase of ENT-1 and TSP-1 was significant in hASCs. Collagen-gel with HDFs contracted significantly within 24h after the treatment of IL-3/GM-CSF, and the contraction was inhibited by Lyn peptide inhibitor. But in hASCs, the gel-contraction was not significant. CONCLUSION IL-3/ GM-CSF effected on the myofibroblastic differentiation of hASCs as well as it did on HDFs. But hASCs did not show the phenotypic gel-contraction within 24h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sun Lee
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Son-Seung Tae
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Yeol Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Han
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Dhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shahini A, Mistriotis P, Asmani M, Zhao R, Andreadis ST. NANOG Restores Contractility of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Senescent Microtissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:535-545. [PMID: 28125933 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used in the field of tissue engineering as a source of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, recent studies showed deficits in the contractile function of SMCs derived from senescent MSCs and there are no available strategies to restore the contractile function that is impaired due to cellular or organismal senescence. In this study, we developed a tetracycline-regulatable system and employed micropost tissue arrays to evaluate the effects of the embryonic transcription factor, NANOG, on the contractility of senescent MSCs. Using this system, we show that expression of NANOG fortified the actin cytoskeleton and restored contractile function that was impaired in senescent MSCs. NANOG increased the expression of smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2) as well as the contractile force generated by cells in three-dimensional microtissues. Interestingly, NANOG worked together with transforming growth factor-beta1 to further enhance the contractility of senescent microtissues. The effect of NANOG on contractile function was sustained for about 10 days after termination of its expression. Our results show that NANOG could reverse the effects of stem cell senescence and restore the myogenic differentiation potential of senescent MSCs. These findings may enable development of novel strategies to restore the function of senescent cardiovascular and other SMC-containing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shahini
- 1 Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- 1 Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Mohammadnabi Asmani
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Ruogang Zhao
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- 1 Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Amherst, New York.,3 Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , Buffalo, New York
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Martinovic V, Vukusic Pusic T, Restovic I, Bocina I, Filipovic N, Saraga-Babic M, Vukojevic K. Expression of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Differentiation Markers in the Early Human Gonadal Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1315-1326. [PMID: 27981799 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Expressions of cytokeratin 8 (CK8), vimentin, nestin, and alpha-smooth-muscle-actin (alpha-SMA) were analyzed in the developing gonads of 12, 5-9 week old (W) human conceptuses by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. During the investigated period, the number of CK8 positive cells increased from 56% to 92% in the gonadal surface epithelium, from 50% to 60% in the stroma, and from 23% to 42% in the medulla. In the early fetal period, the cell expression of CK8 increased in all gonadal parts, whereas primordial germ cells (PGC) remained negative. The expression of vimentin increased in the gonad stroma (gs) from 73% to 88%, and in the surface epithelium from 18% to 97% until ninth W. The medulla had the highest expression of vimentin in the seventh to eighth W (93%). Vimentin and CK8 colocalized in the somatic cells, while some PGCs showed vimentin expression only. Initially, nestin was positive in the gonad surface epithelium (8%) and stroma (52%), however during further development it decreased to 1% and 33%, respectively. In the early fetal period, the nestin positive cells decreased from 44% to 31% in the gonad medulla. Alpha-SMA was positive only in the blood vessels and mesonephros. The described pattern of expression of intermediate filaments (IF) in developing human gonads suggests their role in the control of PGC apoptosis, early differentiation of gs cells and cell migration. Both epithelial and mesenchymal origins of follicular cells and possible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of somatic cells is proposed. Lastly, IF intensity expression varies depending on the cell type and developmental period analyzed. Anat Rec, 300:1315-1326, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlatka Martinovic
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Ivana Bocina
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Natalija Filipovic
- Laboratory for Neurocardiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia.,Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Di Liddo R, Aguiari P, Barbon S, Bertalot T, Mandoli A, Tasso A, Schrenk S, Iop L, Gandaglia A, Parnigotto PP, Conconi MT, Gerosa G. Nanopatterned acellular valve conduits drive the commitment of blood-derived multipotent cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5041-5055. [PMID: 27789941 PMCID: PMC5068475 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating the correlation among nanoscale topography, mechanical properties, and biological behavior of cardiac valve substitutes. Porcine TriCol scaffolds are promising valve tissue engineering matrices with demonstrated self-repopulation potentiality. In order to define an in vitro model for investigating the influence of extracellular matrix signaling on the growth pattern of colonizing blood-derived cells, we cultured circulating multipotent cells (CMC) on acellular aortic (AVL) and pulmonary (PVL) valve conduits prepared with TriCol method and under no-flow condition. Isolated by our group from Vietnamese pigs before heart valve prosthetic implantation, porcine CMC revealed high proliferative abilities, three-lineage differentiative potential, and distinct hematopoietic/endothelial and mesenchymal properties. Their interaction with valve extracellular matrix nanostructures boosted differential messenger RNA expression pattern and morphologic features on AVL compared to PVL, while promoting on both matrices the commitment to valvular and endothelial cell-like phenotypes. Based on their origin from peripheral blood, porcine CMC are hypothesized in vivo to exert a pivotal role to homeostatically replenish valve cells and contribute to hetero- or allograft colonization. Furthermore, due to their high responsivity to extracellular matrix nanostructure signaling, porcine CMC could be useful for a preliminary evaluation of heart valve prosthetic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Paola Aguiari
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Thomas Bertalot
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Alessia Tasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Sandra Schrenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gandaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova; Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Aizman I, Holland WS, Yang C, Bates D. αSMA Expression in Large Colonies of Colony-Forming Units-Fibroblast as an Early Predictor of Bone Marrow MSC Expandability. CELL MEDICINE 2016; 8:79-85. [PMID: 28003933 DOI: 10.3727/215517916x693357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) require the manufacture of large cell lots, which involves multiple passages for cell expansion and sometimes genetic modification. MSCs from various sources, including bone marrow (BM), exhibit high donor-to-donor variability in their growth characteristics. This can lead to unpredictable manufacturing outcomes with respect to success or failure of individual lots. Early determination of lot success has the potential to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of the MSC manufacturing process. However, methods that effectively predict lot growth potential early in the manufacturing process are currently lacking. Here we report that the growth potential of an MSC lot can be predicted a few days after BM plating based on α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) protein expression in large colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-f) colonies. The proposed prediction method could be a useful tool to prospectively determine MSC lot success or failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Aizman
- Department of Research, SanBio, Inc. , Mountain View, CA , USA
| | | | - Cher Yang
- Department of Research, SanBio, Inc. , Mountain View, CA , USA
| | - Damien Bates
- Department of Research, SanBio, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA; †Clinical Development and Regulatory Affairs, SanBio, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
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Nazari M, Ni NC, Lüdke A, Li SH, Guo J, Weisel RD, Li RK. Mast cells promote proliferation and migration and inhibit differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through PDGF. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 94:32-42. [PMID: 26996757 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) dynamically participate in wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) by releasing cytokines. Indeed, MC-deficient mice undergo rapid left ventricular dilation post-MI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited to the injured region following an MI and have potential for cardiac repair. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of MCs on MSC proliferation and myogenic differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS MCs were cultured from mouse bone marrow and MC granulate (MCG) was extracted from MCs via freeze-thaw cycles followed by filtration. α-SMA (smooth muscle actin) expression was examined as an indicator of myogenic differentiation. MSC/MC co-culture resulted in decreased MSC differentiation indicated by α-SMA suppression in MSCs. MCG also suppressed α-SMA expression and increased MSC migration and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Removal of MCG rescued α-SMA expression and MSC differentiation. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor blockade using AG1296 also rescued MSC differentiation even after MCG treatment. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that MCG exerted its effects on MSCs via downregulation of miR-145 and miR-143, downregulation of myocardin, upregulation of Klf4, and increased Erk and Elk1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS MCs promote MSC proliferation and migration by suppressing their myogenic differentiation. MCs accomplish this via activation of the PDGF pathway, downregulation of miR-145/143, and modulation of the myocardin-Klf4 axis. These data suggest a potential role for MSC/MC interaction in the infarcted heart where MCs may inhibit MSCs from differentiation and promote their proliferation whereby increased cardiac MSC accumulation promotes eventual cardiac regeneration after MCs cease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoreh Nazari
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathan C Ni
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Lüdke
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Guo
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard D Weisel
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Kim DH, Heo SJ, Kang YG, Shin JW, Park SH, Shin JW. Shear stress and circumferential stretch by pulsatile flow direct vascular endothelial lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells in engineered blood vessels. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:60. [PMID: 26800691 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the response of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the dynamic biomechanical vascular environment is important for vascular regeneration. Native vessel biomechanical stimulation in vitro is thought to be the most important contributor to successful endothelial differentiation of MSCs. However, the appropriate biomechanical stimulation conditions for differentiating MSCs into ECs have not been fully investigated. To accomplish an in vivo-like loading environment, a loading system was designed to apply flow induced stress and induce hMSC differentiation in vascular cells. Culturing MSCs on tubular scaffolds under flow-induced shear stress (2.5 dyne/cm(2)) for 4 days results in increased mRNA levels of EC markers (vWF, CD31, VE-cadherin and E-selectin) after one day. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of 2.5 dyne/cm(2) shear stress followed by 3% circumferential stretch for 3 days, and an additional 5% circumferential stretch for 4 days on hMSC differentiation into ECs. EC marker protein levels showed a significant increase after applying 5% stretch, while SMC markers were not present at levels sufficient for detection. Our results demonstrate that the expression of several hMSC EC markers cultured on double-layered tubular scaffolds were upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels with the application of fluid shear stress and cyclic circumferential stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Rm #309, BLDG-A, 607 Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, 424 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6081, USA
| | - Su-Jin Heo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, 424 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6081, USA
| | - Yun Gyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Rm #309, BLDG-A, 607 Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Rm #309, BLDG-A, 607 Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Rm #309, BLDG-A, 607 Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Rm #309, BLDG-A, 607 Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Aged Life Redesign, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea.
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Floren M, Bonani W, Dharmarajan A, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Tan W. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on silk hydrogels with variable stiffness and growth factor differentiate into mature smooth muscle cell phenotype. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:156-166. [PMID: 26621695 PMCID: PMC4728007 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-matrix and cell-biomolecule interactions play critical roles in a diversity of biological events including cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Evidence suggests that a concise crosstalk of these environmental factors may be required to direct stem cell differentiation toward matured cell type and function. However, the culmination of these complex interactions to direct stem cells into highly specific phenotypes in vitro is still widely unknown, particularly in the context of implantable biomaterials. In this study, we utilized tunable hydrogels based on a simple high pressure CO2 method and silk fibroin (SF) the structural protein of Bombyx mori silk fibers. Modification of SF protein starting water solution concentration results in hydrogels of variable stiffness while retaining key structural parameters such as matrix pore size and β-sheet crystallinity. To further resolve the complex crosstalk of chemical signals with matrix properties, we chose to investigate the role of 3D hydrogel stiffness and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), with the aim of correlating the effects on the vascular commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells. Our data revealed the potential to upregulate matured vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype (myosin heavy chain expression) of hMSCs by employing appropriate matrix stiffness and growth factor (within 72h). Overall, our observations suggest that chemical and physical stimuli within the cellular microenvironment are tightly coupled systems involved in the fate decisions of hMSCs. The production of tunable scaffold materials that are biocompatible and further specialized to mimic tissue-specific niche environments will be of considerable value to future tissue engineering platforms. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This article investigates the role of silk fibroin hydrogel stiffness and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), with the aim of correlating the effects on the vascular commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, we demonstrate the upregulation of mature vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype (myosin heavy chain expression) of hMSCs by employing appropriate matrix stiffness and growth factor (within 72h). Moreover, we demonstrate the potential to direct specialized hMSC differentiation by modulating stiffness and growth factor using silk fibroin, a well-tolerated and -defined biomaterial with an impressive portfolio of tissue engineering applications. Altogether, our study reinforce the fact that complex differentiation protocols may be simplified by engineering the cellular microenvironment on multiple scales, i.e. matrix stiffness with growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Floren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Walter Bonani
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Anirudh Dharmarajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Expression of CD24 in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Is Regulated by TGFβ3 and Induces a Myofibroblast-Like Genotype. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1319578. [PMID: 26788063 PMCID: PMC4691640 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1319578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) derived from the adult organism hold great promise for diverse settings in regenerative medicine. Therefore a more complete understanding of hBMSC biology to fully exploit the cells' potential for clinical settings is important. The protein CD24 has been reported to be involved in a diverse range of processes such as cancer, adaptive immunity, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases in other cell types. Its expression in hBMSCs, which has not yet been analyzed, may add an important aspect in the understanding of hBMSC biology. The present study therefore analyzes the expression, regulation, and functional implication of the surface protein CD24 in hBMSCs. Methods used are stimulation studies with TGF beta as well as shRNA-mediated knockdown and overexpression of CD24 followed by microarray, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometric analyses. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that the expression of CD24 is an inherent property of hBMSCs. Importantly, the data links the upregulation of CD24 to the adoption of a myofibroblast-like gene expression pattern in hBMSCs. We demonstrate that CD24 is an important modulator in transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) signaling with a reciprocal regulatory relationship between these two proteins.
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Kozdon K, Fitchett C, Rose GE, Ezra DG, Bailly M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Properties of Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5743-50. [PMID: 26325413 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a sight-threatening autoimmune disorder causing extraocular muscle fibrosis, upper lid retraction and eye bulging due to orbital fat expansion. These clinical features are mediated by aspects of orbital fibroblasts differentiation, including adipogenesis and fibrosis. Our previous work suggested that this dual phenotype might be a manifestation of mixed cell populations, partially linked to the expression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker CD90. Thus, we set out to determine whether GO orbital fibroblasts displayed MSC properties. METHODS Control and GO orbital fibroblasts previously characterized for CD90 and CD45 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry for classical MSC positive (CD73, CD105) and negative (CD14, CD19, HLA-DR, and CD34) markers. Graves' orbitopathy fibroblasts were tested further for their ability to undergo lineage specific differentiation following standard protocols. RESULTS Control and GO fibroblasts strongly expressed CD73 and CD105, with a higher percentage of positive cells and stronger expression levels in GO. Neither cell type expresses CD14, CD19, and HLA-DR. Protein CD34 was expressed at low levels by 45% to 70% of the cells, with its expression significantly lower in GO cells. Graves' orbitopathy fibroblasts displayed features of osteogenesis (calcium deposits, and osteocalcin [BGLAP] and osteonectin [SPARC] expression), chondrogenesis (glycosaminoglycan production; SOX9 and aggrecan [ACAN] expression), myogenesis (α-smooth muscle actin expression), and neurogenesis (β-III tubulin expression) upon differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that orbital fibroblasts contain a population of cells that fulfil the criteria defining MSC. This subpopulation may be increased in GO, possibly underlying the complex differentiation phenotype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kozdon
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Fitchett
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey E Rose
- Orbital clinic, Moorfields Eye Hospital and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Ezra
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom 2Orbital clinic, Moorfields Eye Hospital and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and
| | - Maryse Bailly
- Department of Cell Biology UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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Rammal H, Harmouch C, Lataillade JJ, Laurent-Maquin D, Labrude P, Menu P, Kerdjoudj H. Stem cells: a promising source for vascular regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 23:2931-49. [PMID: 25167472 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising and diversity of many human vascular diseases pose urgent needs for the development of novel therapeutics. Stem cell therapy represents a challenge in the medicine of the twenty-first century, an area where tissue engineering and regenerative medicine gather to provide promising treatments for a wide variety of diseases. Indeed, with their extensive regeneration potential and functional multilineage differentiation capacity, stem cells are now highlighted as promising cell sources for regenerative medicine. Their multilineage differentiation involves environmental factors such as biochemical, extracellular matrix coating, oxygen tension, and mechanical forces. In this review, we will focus on human stem cell sources and their applications in vascular regeneration. We will also discuss the different strategies used for their differentiation into both mature and functional smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rammal
- 1 UMR 7365, Biopôle, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS-Université de Lorraine , Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Davies OG, Grover LM, Eisenstein N, Lewis MP, Liu Y. Identifying the Cellular Mechanisms Leading to Heterotopic Ossification. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:432-44. [PMID: 26163233 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating condition defined by the de novo development of bone within non-osseous soft tissues, and can be either hereditary or acquired. The hereditary condition, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is rare but life threatening. Acquired HO is more common and results from a severe trauma that produces an environment conducive for the formation of ectopic endochondral bone. Despite continued efforts to identify the cellular and molecular events that lead to HO, the mechanisms of pathogenesis remain elusive. It has been proposed that the formation of ectopic bone requires an osteochondrogenic cell type, the presence of inductive agent(s) and a permissive local environment. To date several lineage-tracing studies have identified potential contributory populations. However, difficulties identifying cells in vivo based on the limitations of phenotypic markers, along with the absence of established in vitro HO models have made the results difficult to interpret. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate current literature within the field in an attempt identify the cellular mechanisms required for ectopic bone formation. The major aim is to collate all current data on cell populations that have been shown to possess an osteochondrogenic potential and identify environmental conditions that may contribute to a permissive local environment. This review outlines the pathology of endochondral ossification, which is important for the development of potential HO therapies and to further our understanding of the mechanisms governing bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Davies
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - L M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - N Eisenstein
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - M P Lewis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Loughborough, UK
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Y Liu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Moharil J, Lei P, Tian J, Gaile DP, Andreadis ST. Lentivirus Live Cell Array for Quantitative Assessment of Gene and Pathway Activation during Myogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141365. [PMID: 26505747 PMCID: PMC4624764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation involves multiple cascades of transcriptional regulation that govern the cell fate. To study the real-time dynamics of this complex process, quantitative and high throughput live cell assays are required. Herein, we developed a lentiviral library of promoters and transcription factor binding sites to quantitatively capture the gene expression dynamics over a period of several days during myogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harvested from two different anatomic locations, bone marrow and hair follicle. Our results enabled us to monitor the sequential activation of signaling pathways and myogenic gene promoters at various stages of differentiation. In conjunction with chemical inhibitors, the lentiviral array (LVA) results also revealed the relative contribution of key signaling pathways that regulate the myogenic differentiation. Our study demonstrates the potential of LVA to monitor the dynamics of gene and pathway activation during MSC differentiation as well as serve as a platform for discovery of novel molecules, genes and pathways that promote or inhibit complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Moharil
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Amherst, NY 14260–4200, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Kimball, Buffalo, NY 14214–3000, United States of America
| | - Pedro Lei
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Amherst, NY 14260–4200, United States of America
| | - Jun Tian
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Amherst, NY 14260–4200, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Gaile
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Kimball, Buffalo, NY 14214–3000, United States of America
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Amherst, NY 14260–4200, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260–4200, United States of America
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Optimization of Cell Differentiation Strategy. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:524756. [PMID: 26339251 PMCID: PMC4539177 DOI: 10.1155/2015/524756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the high mortality rate, coronary heart disease (CHD) has currently become a major life-threatening disease. The main pathological change of myocardial infarction (MI) is the induction of myocardial necrosis in infarction area which finally causes heart failure. Conventional treatments cannot regenerate the functional cell efficiently. Recent researches suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into multiple lineages, including cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro and in vivo, and they have been used for the treatment of MI to repair the injured myocardium and improve cardiac function. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress on MSCs derived cardiomyocytes for cardiac regeneration after MI.
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Pustlauk W, Paul B, Brueggemeier S, Gelinsky M, Bernhardt A. Modulation of chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in jellyfish collagen scaffolds by cell density and culture medium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1710-1722. [PMID: 26178016 DOI: 10.1002/term.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies on tissue-engineering approaches for the regeneration of traumatized cartilage focus increasingly on multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as an alternative to autologous chondrocytes. The present study applied porous scaffolds made of collagen from the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum for the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Culture conditions in those scaffolds differ from conditions in high-density pellet cultures, making a re-examination of these data necessary. We systematically investigated the influence of seeding density, basic culture media [Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM)] with varying glucose content and supplementation with fetal calf serum (FCS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Gene expression analyses of selected markers for chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophic development were conducted. Furthermore, the production of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) was analysed by quantification of sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II contents. The strongest upregulation of chondrogenic markers, along with the highest ECM deposition was observed in scaffolds seeded with 2.4 × 106 cells/cm3 after cultivation in high-glucose DMEM and 0.125% BSA. Lower seeding densities compared to high-density pellet cultures were sufficient to induce in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in collagen scaffolds, which reduces the amount of cells required for the seeding of scaffolds and thus the monolayer expansion period. Furthermore, examination of the impact of FCS and α-MEM on chondrogenic MSC differentiation is an important prerequisite for the development of an osteochondral medium for simultaneous osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in biphasic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pustlauk
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - B Paul
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - S Brueggemeier
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital, and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Ohkura N, Takei E, Edanami N, Oda Y, Hosoya A, Nakamura H, Okiji T. Correlation between Fibrillin-1 Degradation and mRNA Downregulation and Myofibroblast Differentiation in Cultured Human Dental Pulp Tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:438-48. [PMID: 25805839 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415580622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix are important components in wound healing. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is a marker of myofibroblasts. Fibrillin-1 is a major constituent of microfibrils and an extracellular-regulator of TGF-β1, an important cytokine in the transdifferentiation of resident fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. To study the correlation between changes in fibrillin-1 expression and myofibroblast differentiation, we examined alterations in fibrillin-1 and α-SMA expression in organotypic cultures of dental pulp in vitro. Extracted healthy human teeth were cut to 1-mm-thick slices and cultured for 7 days. In intact dental pulp, fibrillin-1 was broadly distributed, and α-SMA was observed in pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. After 7 days of culture, immunostaining for fibrillin-1 became faint concomitant with a downregulation in its mRNA levels. Furthermore, fibroblasts, odontoblasts and Schwann cells were immunoreactive for α-SMA with a significant increase in α-SMA mRNA expression. Double immunofluorescence staining was positive for pSmad2/3, central mediators of TGF-β signaling, and α-SMA. The administration of inhibitors for extracellular matrix proteases recovered fibrillin-1 immunostaining; moreover, fibroblasts lost their immunoreactivity for α-SMA along with a downregulation in α-SMA mRNA. These findings suggest that the expression of α-SMA is TGF-β1 dependent, and fibrillin-1 degradation and downregulation might be implicated in the differentiation of myofibroblasts in dental pulp wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (NY, KY, NO, ET, NE, TO)
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (NY, KY, NO, ET, NE, TO)
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (NY, KY, NO, ET, NE, TO)
| | - Erika Takei
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (NY, KY, NO, ET, NE, TO)
| | - Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (NY, KY, NO, ET, NE, TO)
| | - Youhei Oda
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan(YO)
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Department of Oral Histology, Institute for Dental Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan (AH, HN)
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Oral Histology, Institute for Dental Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan (AH, HN)
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (NY, KY, NO, ET, NE, TO)
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Yao R, Wong JY. The effects of mechanical stimulation on controlling and maintaining marrow stromal cell differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:020907. [PMID: 25429403 DOI: 10.1115/1.4029255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For patients suffering from severe coronary heart disease (CHD), the development of a cell-based tissue engineered blood vessel (TEBV) has great potential to overcome current issues with synthetic graft materials. While marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising source of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) for TEBV construction, they have been shown to differentiate into both the VSMC and osteoblast lineages under different rates of dynamic strain. Determining the permanence of strain-induced MSC differentiation into VSMCs is therefore a significant step toward successful TEBV development. In this study, initial experiments where a cyclic 10% strain was imposed on MSCs for 24 h at 0.1 Hz, 0.5 Hz, and 1 Hz determined that cells stretched at 1 Hz expressed significantly higher levels of VSMC-specific genetic and protein markers compared to samples stretched at 0.1 Hz. Conversely, samples stretched at 0.1 Hz expressed higher levels of osteoblast-specific genetic and protein markers compared to the samples stretched at 1 Hz. More importantly, sequential application of 24-48 h periods of 0.1 Hz and 1 Hz strain-induced genetic and protein marker expression levels similar to the VSMC profile seen with 1 Hz alone. This effect was observed regardless of whether the cells were first strained at 0.1 Hz followed by strain at 1 Hz, or vice versa. Our results suggest that the strain-induced VSMC phenotype is a more terminally differentiated state than the strain-induced osteoblast phenotype, and as result, VSMC obtained from strain-induced differentiation would have potential uses in TEBV construction.
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48
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Goude MC, McDevitt TC, Temenoff JS. Chondroitin sulfate microparticles modulate transforming growth factor-β1-induced chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. Cells Tissues Organs 2014; 199:117-30. [PMID: 25413333 DOI: 10.1159/000365966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been previously explored as a part of cell-based therapies for the repair of damaged cartilage. Current MSC chondrogenic differentiation strategies employ large pellets; however, we have developed a technique to form small MSC aggregates (500-1,000 cells) that can reduce transport barriers while maintaining a multicellular structure analogous to cartilaginous condensations. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of incorporating chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (CSMA) microparticles (MPs) within small MSC spheroids cultured in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chondrogenesis. Spheroids with MPs induced earlier increases in collagen II and aggrecan gene expression (chondrogenic markers) than spheroids without MPs, although no large differences in immunostaining for these matrix molecules were observed by day 21 between these groups. Collagen I and X were also detected in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of all spheroids by immunostaining. Interestingly, histology revealed that CSMA MPs clustered together near the center of the MSC spheroids and induced circumferential alignment of cells and ECM around the material core. This study demonstrates the use of CSMA materials to further examine the effects of matrix molecules on MSC phenotype as well as potentially direct differentiation in a more spatially controlled manner that better mimics the architecture of specific musculoskeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Goude
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., USA
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Muñoz‐Fernández R, Prados A, Tirado‐González I, Martín F, Abadía AC, Olivares EG. Contractile activity of human follicular dendritic cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:851-9. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Muñoz‐Fernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Alejandro Prados
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Irene Tirado‐González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad deGranadaSpain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Centro Pfizer‐Universidad de Granada‐Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica (GENYO)GranadaSpain
| | - Ana C Abadía
- Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, ArmillaGranadaSpain
| | - Enrique G Olivares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Universidad deGranadaSpain
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San CecilioGranadaSpain
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Abstract
The formation of vasculature is essential for tissue maintenance and regeneration. During development, the vasculature forms via the dual processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and is regulated at multiple levels: from transcriptional hierarchies and protein interactions to inputs from the extracellular environment. Understanding how vascular formation is coordinated in vivo can offer valuable insights into engineering approaches for therapeutic vascularization and angiogenesis, whether by creating new vasculature in vitro or by stimulating neovascularization in vivo. In this Review, we will discuss how the process of vascular development can be used to guide approaches to engineering vasculature. Specifically, we will focus on some of the recently reported approaches to stimulate therapeutic angiogenesis by recreating the embryonic vascular microenvironment using biomaterials for vascular engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
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