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Kitano H, Kitagawa H, Tadera K, Saito K, Kohada Y, Takemoto K, Kobatake K, Sekino Y, Hieda K, Ohge H, Hinata N. First reported human case of isolation of Vagococcus fluvialis from the urine of a former zoo clerk in Japan: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:341. [PMID: 38515029 PMCID: PMC10956364 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagococcal infections are extremely rare in humans. There are limited studies on the optimal methods for identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and clinical manifestations of vagococcal infections. Herein, we report a patient with a urinary tract infection who had Vagococcus fluvialis in the urine. CASE PRESENTATION An 84-year-old man presented to our urology department with a fever that had persisted for several days. He previously worked as a zoo clerk. The patient underwent a left nephroureterectomy for ureteral cancer 5 years ago, and total cystectomy and right cutaneous ureterostomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer 1 year prior. He was empirically treated with 500 mg of levofloxacin intravenously every 24 h for the urinary tract infection. V. fluvialis was detected in his urine samples and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in his urine and blood samples. Two bacterial species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. He was administered intravenous levofloxacin for approximately 1 week, followed by oral levofloxacin for another week, after which the infections were eradicated. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of V. fluvialis detected in human urine in Japan. Vagococcus spp. is commonly isolated from fish or animals, and based on the patient's work history, it is possible that the patient was a carrier because of transmission from animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kitagawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tadera
- Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Saito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Kohada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Takemoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Kobatake
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hieda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
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Limited Probiotic Effect of Enterococcus gallinarum L1, Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and Lactobacillus plantarum CLFP3 to Protect Rainbow Trout against Saprolegniosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050954. [PMID: 36899810 PMCID: PMC10000206 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the strains Enterococcus gallinarum L1, Vagococcus fluvialis L21 and Lactobacillus plantarum CLFP3 are probiotics against vibriosis or lactococosis in sea bass or rainbow trout. In this study, the utility of these bacterial strains in the control of saprolegniosis was evaluated. For this purpose, both in vitro inhibition studies and competition for binding sites against Saprolegnia parasitica and in vivo tests with experimentally infected rainbow trout were carried out. In the in vitro tests, the three isolates showed inhibitory activity upon mycelium growth and cyst germination and reduced the adhesion of cysts to cutaneous mucus; however, this effect depended on the number of bacteria used and the incubation time. In the in vivo test, the bacteria were administered orally at 108 CFU g-1 in the feed or at 106 CFU ml-1 in the tank water for 14 days. None of the three bacteria showed protection against S. parasitica infection either through water or feed, and the cumulative mortality reached 100% within 14 days post infection. The obtained results show that the use of an effective probiotic against a certain disease in a host may not be effective against another pathogen or in another host and that the results obtained in vitro may not always predict the effects when used in vivo.
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3
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Smith SA, Newman SJ, Harrison CE, Loch TP. First isolation of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum from farmed Rainbow Trout in Virginia. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2023; 35:3-10. [PMID: 36408694 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is considered an emerging pathogen of salmonids in the United States and around the world. METHODS Bacterial cultures obtained from the posterior kidney and skin of moribund Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from a commercial aquaculture facility in Virginia, USA, grew C. maltaromaticum, which was confirmed by additional phenotypic and molecular characterization. RESULT A presumptive diagnosis based on the clinical signs, necropsy observations, histopathology, and bacterial cultures was bacterial septicemia due to C. maltaromaticum. CONCLUSION This represents the first documentation of C. maltaromaticum in Rainbow Trout from Virginia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | | | - Courtney E Harrison
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Thomas P Loch
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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Li M, Shi JN, You GM, Ma YS, Zhao QC. Characterization of bacterial communities in Coregonus peled fillets during chilled storage and interactions between selected bacterial strains. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4359-4370. [PMID: 35393712 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Coregonus peled fillets were used as a model to evaluate the dominant bacterial growth of chilled fish during storage after shipping and interactions of selected bacterial strains. METHODS AND RESULTS C. peled fillets were transported by air and land in ice boxes about 48 h from aquatic products company in Xinjiang, China to the laboratory located in Dalian, China. Both culture-dependent methods (plate counts on nonselective media) based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culture-independent methods (Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing) were used. To detect interactions among bacterial populations from chilled fish, the influence of 18 test strains on the growth of 12 indicator isolates was measured by a drop assay and in liquid culture medium broth. The results showed that bacterial counts exceeded 7.0 log CFU/g following 4 days storage at 4 °C. When the bacterial counts exceeded 8.5 log CFU/g after 12 days, the predominant microorganisms were Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Carnobacterium, Psychrobacter and Shewanella, as measured by culture-independent methods. All test strains showed inhibiting effects on the growth of other strains in liquid culture. Pseudomonas isolates showed antibacterial activity for approximately 60% of the indicator strains on nutritional agar plates. The majority of test isolates enhancing indicator strain growth were the strains isolated on day 0. CONCLUSIONS High-throughput sequencing approach gives whole picture of bacterial communities in C.peled fillets during storage, while growth interferences between selected bacterial strains illustrate the complexity of microbial interactions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We determined the bacterial communities and growth interferences in chilled C.peled after shipping and these are the first data concerning microbiota in C.peled using a culture-independent analysis. The present study will be useful for manufacture and preservation of C.peled products by providing with valuable information regarding microbiological spoilage of C.peled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Ning Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Gao-Ming You
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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5
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Iorizzo M, Albanese G, Testa B, Ianiro M, Letizia F, Succi M, Tremonte P, D’Andrea M, Iaffaldano N, Coppola R. Presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract of the Mediterranean Trout ( Salmo macrostigma) in Its Natural Environment. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:667. [PMID: 34357039 PMCID: PMC8306010 DOI: 10.3390/life11070667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the composition of the gut microbiota in freshwater fish living in their natural habitat has taxonomic and ecological importance. Few reports have been produced on the composition of the gut microbiota and on the presence of LAB in the intestines of freshwater fish that inhabit river environments. In this study, we investigated the LAB community that was present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Mediterranean trout (Salmo macrostigma) that colonized the Biferno and Volturno rivers of the Molise region (Italy). The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of these strains were determined for the species-level taxonomic placement. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolated LABs belonged to seven genera (Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Vagococcus, Lactococcus, and Weissella). The study of the enzymatic activities showed that these LABs could contribute to the breakdown of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. In future studies, a greater understanding of how the LABs act against pathogens and trigger the fish immune response may provide practical means to engineer the indigenous fish microbiome and enhance disease control and fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Testa
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.I.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (F.L.); (M.S.); (P.T.); (M.D.); (N.I.); (R.C.)
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6
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Esen Y, Çetin B. Bacterial and yeast microbial diversity of the ripened traditional middle east surk cheese. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Hydrolysis of raw fish proteins extracts by Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains isolated from Argentinean freshwater fish. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 29:e00589. [PMID: 33489790 PMCID: PMC7811128 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carnobacterium and Vagococcus genera were identified from Paraná River freshwater fishes. Low acidifying and antilisterial Carnobacterium strains were selected. Proteolysis of raw fish extract by C. maltaromaticum strains was confirmed. C. maltaromaticum strains may be used as functional cultures to develop novel LPFP.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from freshwater fish (hatcheries and captures) from Paraná river (Argentina) were analyzed by using culture-dependent approaches. The species belonging to Carnobacterium (C.) divergens, C. inhibens, C. maltaromaticum, C. viridans and Vagococcus (V.) salmoninarum were identify as predominant by RAPD-PCR and 16 s rRNA gene sequencing. C. maltaromaticum (H-17, S-30, B-42 and S-44) grew in raw fish extract and slightly reduced the medium pH (5.81–5.91). These strains exhibited moderate fish sarcoplasmic protein degradation (≤ 73 %) releasing small peptides and free amino acids, being alanine, glycine, asparagine and arginine concentrations increased in a higher extent (17.84, 1.47, 1.26 and 0.47 mg/100 mL, respectively) by S-44 strain at 96 h incubation. Interestingly C. maltaromaticum H-17 was able to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes. Results suggest that these strains would contribute to the development of new safe and healthy fishery products with improved nutritional and sensory characteristics.
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8
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Pastorino P, Colussi S, Pizzul E, Varello K, Menconi V, Mugetti D, Tomasoni M, Esposito G, Bertoli M, Bozzetta E, Dondo A, Acutis PL, Prearo M. The unusual isolation of carnobacteria in eyes of healthy salmonids in high-mountain lakes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2314. [PMID: 33504925 PMCID: PMC7840770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnobacteria are common bacteria in cold and temperate environments; they are also reported during fish mortality events. In a previous study, carnobacteria were isolated from the eyes of healthy wild salmonids from a high-mountain lake. To better understand these findings, salmonids were captured from three high-mountain lakes (Lower and Upper Balma Lake, Rouen Lake; northwest Italy) during August 2019 and subjected to bacteriological and histological examination. Although all were healthy, 8.7% (Lower Balma Lake), 24% (Upper Balma Lake), and 32.6% (Rouen Lake) were positive for carnobacteria colonization of the eyes. A Trojan-horse effect was hypothesized to explain carnobacteria isolation in the eye. This immune-escaping macrophage-mediated mechanism has been identified in other Gram-positive bacteria. Biochemical, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis were carried out on isolated bacteria (Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and C. divergens). Based on previous references for carnobacteria isolated from fish, C. maltaromaticum strains were tested for the pisA precursor gene of the bacteriocin piscicolin 126. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains were found to display genotypic heterogeneity and a low percentage of pisA positive amplification. Features of geomorphology, geographic isolation, and microbiota common to the three lakes are thought to be possibly related to our findings. Moreover, terrestrial insects collected from the lake shoreline and the stomach contents were screened for the presence of carnobacteria. The salmonids in these high-mountain environments feed mainly on terrestrial insects, which are considered possible vectors for carnobacteria that might catabolize the exoskeleton chitin. All insects tested negative for carnobacteria, but as a small number of samples were analyzed, their role as possible vectors of infection cannot be excluded. Further studies are needed to corroborate our research hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Colussi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Vasco Menconi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Mugetti
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Tomasoni
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
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Do TBT, Tran BK, Tran TVT, Le TH, Cnockaert M, Vandamme P, Nguyen THC, Nguyen CC, Hong SH, Kim SY, Van Le Q. Decoding the Capability of Lactobacillus plantarum W1 Isolated from Soybean Whey in Producing an Exopolysaccharide. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33387-33394. [PMID: 33403301 PMCID: PMC7774251 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) from a lactic acid bacterial strain. The soybean whey-isolated Lactobacillus plantarum W1 (EPS-W1), which belongs to genus Lactobacillus, is identified using the phenylalanyl-tRNA sequencing method. Of all the examined strains, R-49778 (as numbered by BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Ghent University, Belgium) showed the highest capability of producing exopolysaccharides. Structural characterization revealed a novel exopolysaccharide consisting of repeating units of →6)-d-Glcp-(1→; →3)-d-Manp-(1→; →3)-d-Glcp-(1→ and a branch of →6)-d-Manp-(1→; →2)-d-Glcp-(1→. This discovery opens up avenues for the production of EPS for food industries, functional foods, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bich Thuy Do
- Faculty
of Engineering and Food Technology, Hue University of Agriculture
and Forestry, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Bao Khanh Tran
- Faculty
of Engineering and Food Technology, Hue University of Agriculture
and Forestry, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Van Thi Tran
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Trung Hieu Le
- Hue
University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Margo Cnockaert
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Chinh Chien Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing
Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing
Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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Matsuo T, Mori N, Kawai F, Sakurai A, Toyoda M, Mikami Y, Uehara Y, Furukawa K. Vagococcus fluvialis as a causative pathogen of bloodstream and decubitus ulcer infection: Case report and systematic review of the literature. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:359-363. [PMID: 33036895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagococcal infections are uncommon in humans; there are limited studies on the clinical manifestations, the optimal methods for identifications, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for vagococcal infections. Here, we have reported a case of Vagococcus fluvialis-induced bacteremia and decubitus ulcer and have systematically reviewed other reported Vagococcus infections. CASE PRESENTATION A 74-year-old man presented to our emergency department with muscle weakness on his left extremities, dysarthria, and altered mental status along with fever for the past 4 days. Physical examination revealed a decubitus ulcer with foul smelling and yellowish exudative pus on his left chest wall and abdomen, forearm, thigh, and lower leg. He was empirically treated with 2.25 mg of piperacillin/tazobactam every 8 hours and 0.5 g of vancomycin every 24 hours intravenously (IV) for his decubitus ulcer. Vagococcus fluvialis was detected in both aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures (upon admission) using the VITEC 2 GP ID card (bioMérieux) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We continued the mentioned IV antimicrobial therapies for 4 weeks following which the patient was transferred to a long-term care facility for further rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, this is the first literature review of Vagococcus infections in humans. Since it is challenging to distinguish Vagococcus from Enterococcus by a conventional method due to the similarity of its biochemical properties to those of Enterococcus, based on our literature review, 16S rRNA sequencing or analysis of bacterial protein profile using MALDI-TOF MS may be useful for the precise identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Matsuo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuyoshi Mori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kawai
- St. Luke's International University Library, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Sakurai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Toyoda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mikami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Uehara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiichi Furukawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, Doan HV, Beck BR, Song SK. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Finfish-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1818. [PMID: 30147679 PMCID: PMC6096003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic community of microorganisms, play important roles within the fish gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Of the bacteria colonizing the GI tract, are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) generally considered as favorable microorganism due to their abilities to stimulating host GI development, digestive function, mucosal tolerance, stimulating immune response, and improved disease resistance. In early finfish studies, were culture-dependent methods used to enumerate bacterial population levels within the GI tract. However, due to limitations by using culture methods, culture-independent techniques have been used during the last decade. These investigations have revealed the presence of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Carnobacterium, Weissella, and Pediococcus as indigenous species. Numerous strains of LAB isolated from finfish are able to produce antibacterial substances toward different potential fish pathogenic bacteria as well as human pathogens. LAB are revealed be the most promising bacterial genera as probiotic in aquaculture. During the decade numerous investigations are performed on evaluation of probiotic properties of different genus and species of LAB. Except limited contradictory reports, most of administered strains displayed beneficial effects on both, growth-and reproductive performance, immune responses and disease resistance of finfish. This eventually led to industrial scale up and introduction LAB-based commercial probiotics. Pathogenic LAB belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, and Lactococcus have been detected from ascites, kidney, liver, heart, and spleen of several finfish species. These pathogenic bacteria will be addressed in present review which includes their impacts on finfish aquaculture, possible routes for treatment. Finfish share many common structures and functions of the immune system with warm-blooded animals, although apparent differences exist. This similarity in the immune system may result in many shared LAB effects between finfish and land animals. LAB-fed fish show an increase in innate immune activities leading to disease resistances: neutrophil activity, lysozyme secretion, phagocytosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). However, some LAB strains preferentially induces IL-10 instead, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results indicate that LAB may vary in their immunological effects depending on the species and hosts. So far, the immunological studies using LAB have been focused on their effects on innate immunity. However, these studies need to be further extended by investigating their involvement in the modulation of adaptive immunity. The present review paper focuses on recent findings in the field of isolation and detection of LAB, their administration as probiotic in aquaculture and their interaction with fish immune responses. Furthermore, the mode of action of probiotics on finfish are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Ringø
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bo Ram Beck
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
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El-Jeni R, Böhme K, El Bour M, Calo-Mata P, Kefi R, Barros-Velázquez J, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Rapid genus identification of selected lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mugil cephalis and Oreochromis niloticus organs using MALDI-TOF. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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13
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Leigh WJ, Zadoks RN, Jaglarz A, Costa JZ, Foster G, Thompson KD. Evaluation of PCR primers targeting the groEL gene for the specific detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in the context of aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:666-674. [PMID: 29786935 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to design a set of primers for specific detection and identification of Streptococcus agalactiae in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that can detect a diverse range of S. agalactiae isolates from different hosts and that it is capable of discriminating between S. agalactiae and other species that are closely related or potentially present in aquaculture environments, notably Streptococcus iniae. METHODS AND RESULTS Primers, based on the groEL2 gene of S. agalactiae, were shown to be epidemiologically sensitive to 97 isolates of S. agalactiae, representing 11 clonal complexes derived from piscine, terrestrial and aquatic mammalian host species. The primers were tested with 10 S. iniae isolates and 22 other comparator species with no cross-reaction observed after optimization of reaction conditions. They have a high analytical sensitivity, detecting as few as 10 copies of S. agalactiae genomic DNA per reaction and are capable of detecting the target in DNA extracted from the brains of infected fish. CONCLUSIONS The primers proved suitable for the sensitive and specific detection of S. agalactiae from dairy-, human- and fish-related origins by PCR. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Due to the importance of S. agalactiae as a pathogen, many PCR primers have been published for this bacterium, designed largely for its detection in dairy and human samples, but many cross-reacting with S. iniae. The ability to differentiate between S. agalactiae and S. iniae in aquaculture derived samples is important as both infect fish, causing similar disease symptoms and are phenotypically similar, yet control strategies and zoonotic risk are species specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Leigh
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Jaglarz
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | - J Z Costa
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
| | - G Foster
- SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Drummond Hill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness, UK
| | - K D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, UK
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Seafood spoilage microbiota and associated volatile organic compounds at different storage temperatures and packaging conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 280:87-99. [PMID: 29478710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Seafood comprising of both vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic organisms are nutritious, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, essential vitamins, proteins, minerals and form part of healthy diet. However, despite the health and nutritional benefits, seafood is highly perishable. Spoilage of seafood could be as a result of microbial activity, autolysis or chemical oxidation. Microbial activity constitutes more spoilage than others. Spoilage bacteria are commonly Gram negative and produce off odours and flavours in seafood as a result of their metabolic activities. Storage temperature, handling and packaging conditions affect microbial growth and thus the shelf-life of seafood. Due to the complexity of the microbial communities in seafood, culture dependent methods of detection may not be useful, hence the need for culture independent methods are necessary to understand the diversity of microbiota and spoilage process. Similarly, the volatile organic compounds released by spoilage bacteria are not fully understood in some seafood. This review therefore highlights current knowledge and understanding of seafood spoilage microbiota, volatile organic compounds, effects of storage temperature and packaging conditions on quality of seafood.
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Bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fish, seafood and fish products. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Araújo C, Muñoz-Atienza E, Nahuelquín Y, Poeta P, Igrejas G, Hernández PE, Herranz C, Cintas LM. Inhibition of fish pathogens by the microbiota from rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss , Walbaum) and rearing environment. Anaerobe 2015; 32:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Piras C, Scano P, Locci E, Sanna R, Cesare Marincola F. Analysing the effects of frozen storage and processing on the metabolite profile of raw mullet roes using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Food Chem 2014; 159:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Nakyinsige K, Fatimah AB, Aghwan ZA, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Bleeding Efficiency and Meat Oxidative Stability and Microbiological Quality of New Zealand White Rabbits Subjected to Halal Slaughter without Stunning and Gas Stun-killing. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:406-13. [PMID: 25049968 PMCID: PMC4093272 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to compare the effect of halal slaughter without stunning and gas stun killing followed by bleeding on residual blood content and storage stability of rabbit meat. Eighty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups of 40 animals each and subjected to either halal slaughter without stunning (HS) or gas stun-kill (GK). The volume of blood lost during exsanguination was measured. Residual blood was further quantified by determination of haemoglobin content in Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle. Storage stability of the meat was evaluated by microbiological analysis and measuring lipid oxidation in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). HS resulted in significantly higher blood loss than GK. HS had significantly lower residual haemoglobin in LL muscle compared to GK. Slaughter method had no effect on rabbit meat lipid oxidation at 0, 1, and 3 d postmortem. However, at 5 and 8 days of storage at 4°C, significant differences (p<0.05) were found, with meat from the GK group exhibiting significantly higher levels of MDA than that from HS. At day 3, greater growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa and E. coli were observed in the GK group (p<0.05) with B. thermosphacta and total aerobic counts remained unaffected by slaughter method. At days 5 and 7 postmortem, bacterial counts for all tested microbes were affected by slaughter method, with GK exhibiting significantly higher growth than HS. It can be concluded that slaughter method can affect keeping quality of rabbit meat, and HS may be a favourable option compared to GK due to high bleed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nakyinsige
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 2555, Mbale,
Uganda
| | - A. B. Fatimah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
| | - Z. A. Aghwan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, University of Mosul, Mosul,
Iraq
| | - I. Zulkifli
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
| | - Y. M. Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
| | - A. Q. Sazili
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
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Ghanbari M, Jami M, Domig KJ, Kneifel W. Seafood biopreservation by lactic acid bacteria – A review. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Itoi S, Uchida J, Takanashi S, Narita T, Abe K, Naya S, Sugita H. The clam Meretrix lamarckii (Bivalvia: Veneridae) is a rich repository of marine lactic acid bacterial strains. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Modelling the effect of the temperature and carbon dioxide on the growth of spoilage bacteria in packed fish products. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Noseda B, Islam MT, Eriksson M, Heyndrickx M, De Reu K, Van Langenhove H, Devlieghere F. Microbiological spoilage of vacuum and modified atmosphere packaged Vietnamese Pangasius hypophthalmus fillets. Food Microbiol 2012; 30:408-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Bourouni OC, El Bour M, Calo-Mata P, Mraouna R, Abedellatif B, Barros-Velàzquez J. Phylogenetic analysis of antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria from farmed seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:463-74. [DOI: 10.1139/w2012-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the prevention or reduction of fish diseases is receiving increasing attention. In the present study, 47 LAB strains were isolated from farmed seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and were phenotypically and phylogenetically analysed by 16S rDNA and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA – polymerase chain reaction (RAPD–PCR). Their antimicrobial effect was tested in vitro against a wide variety of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Most of the strains isolated were enterococci belonging to the following species: Enterococcus faecium (59%), Enterococcus faecalis (21%), Enterococcus sanguinicola (4 strains), Enterococcus mundtii (1 strain), Enterococcus pseudoavium (1 strain), and Lactococcus lactis (1 strain). An Aerococcus viridans strain was also isolated. The survey of their antimicrobial susceptibility showed that all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and exhibited resistance to between 4 and 10 other antibiotics relevant for therapy in human and animal medicine. Different patterns of resistance were noted for skin and intestines isolates. More than 69% (32 strains) of the isolates inhibited the growth of the majority of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria tested, including Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , Aeromonas hydrophila , Aeromonas salmonicida , Vibrio anguillarum , and Carnobacterium sp. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bioactive enterococcal species isolated from seabass that could potentially inhibit the undesirable bacteria found in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouissal Chahad Bourouni
- Institut national des sciences et technologies de la mer (INSTM), rue 2 Mars 1934, 2025 Salammbô; Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia El Bour
- Institut national des sciences et technologies de la mer (INSTM), rue 2 Mars 1934, 2025 Salammbô; Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pilar Calo-Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, LHICA, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Radhia Mraouna
- Institut national des sciences et technologies de la mer (INSTM), rue 2 Mars 1934, 2025 Salammbô; Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Boudabous Abedellatif
- Laboratoire de microorganismes et biomolécules actives, Faculté des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jorge Barros-Velàzquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, LHICA, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
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Sorroza L, Padilla D, Acosta F, Román L, Grasso V, Vega J, Real F. Characterization of the probiotic strain Vagococcus fluvialis in the protection of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) against vibriosis by Vibrio anguillarum. Vet Microbiol 2012; 155:369-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Occurrence of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in digestive tract of some freshwater fishes. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Svanevik CS, Lunestad BT. Characterisation of the microbiota of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 151:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Spoilage-related activity of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains in air-stored and vacuum-packed meat. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7382-93. [PMID: 21784913 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05304-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred three isolates of Carnobacterium spp. from raw meat were analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR and were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Forty-five strains of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum were characterized for their growth capabilities at different temperatures, NaCl concentrations, and pH values and for in vitro lipolytic and proteolytic activities. Moreover, their spoilage potential in meat was investigated by analyzing the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in meat stored in air or vacuum packs. Almost all the strains were able to grow at 4, 10, and 20°C, at pH values of 6 to 9, and in the presence of 2.5% NaCl. The release of VOCs by each strain in beef stored at 4°C in air and vacuum packs was evaluated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. All the meat samples inoculated and stored in air showed higher numbers of VOCs than the vacuum-packed meat samples. Acetoin, 1-octen-3-ol, and butanoic acid were the compounds most frequently found under both storage conditions. The contaminated meat samples were evaluated by a sensory panel; the results indicated that for all sensory odors, no effect of strain was significant (P > 0.05). The storage conditions significantly affected (P < 0.05) the perception of dairy, spoiled-meat, and mozzarella cheese odors, which were more intense in meat stored in air than in vacuum packs but were never very intense. In conclusion, different strains of C. maltaromaticum can grow efficiently in meat stored at low temperatures both in air and in vacuum packs, producing volatile molecules with low sensory impacts, with a negligible contribution to meat spoilage overall.
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Pérez-Sánchez T, Balcázar JL, García Y, Halaihel N, Vendrell D, de Blas I, Merrifield DL, Ruiz-Zarzuela I. Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with inhibitory activity against Lactococcus garvieae. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:499-507. [PMID: 21535012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties of endogenous rainbow trout microbiota against pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae. A total of 335 bacterial strains were isolated from rainbow trout and screened for antagonistic activity against L. garvieae using an agar spot assay. Antagonistic strains were grouped by PCR amplification of repetitive bacterial DNA elements (rep-PCR) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results revealed that the antagonistic strains belonged to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Further probiotic characteristics, such as specific growth rate, doubling time, resistance to biological barriers, antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity and production of antimicrobial substances, were also studied. These strains were able to survive low pH and high bile concentrations, showed good adherence characteristics and a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The antagonistic efficacy was maintained after sterile filtration and was sensitive to proteinase K, indicating that proteinaceous extracellular inhibitory compounds were at least partially responsible for pathogen antagonism. Based on these results, these strains should be further studied to explore their probiotic effects in challenge experiments in vivo. This study shows clear evidence that the indigenous trout-associated microbiota may provide a defensive barrier against L. garvieae.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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29
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Navarrete P, Magne F, Mardones P, Riveros M, Opazo R, Suau A, Pochart P, Romero J. Molecular analysis of intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 71:148-56. [PMID: 19780831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate different molecular tools based on the 16S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer, and the rpoB gene to examine the bacterial populations present in juvenile rainbow trout intestines. DNA was extracted from both pooled intestinal samples and bacterial strains. Genes were PCR-amplified and analysed using both temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Because of the high cultivability of the samples, representative bacterial strains were retrieved and we compared the profiles obtained from isolated bacteria with the profile of total bacteria from intestinal contents. Direct analysis based on rpoB-TTGE revealed a simple bacterial composition with two to four bands per sample, while the 16S rRNA gene-TTGE showed multiple bands and comigration for a few species. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene- and rpoB-TTGE bands revealed that the intestinal microbiota was dominated by Lactococcus lactis, Citrobacter gillenii, Kluyvera intermedia, Obesumbacterium proteus, and Shewanella marinus. In contrast to 16S rRNA gene-TTGE, rpoB-TTGE profiles derived from bacterial strains produced one band per species. Because the single-copy state of rpoB leads to a single band in TTGE, the rpoB gene is a promising molecular marker for investigating the bacterial community of the rainbow trout intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Navarrete
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Belfiore C, Björkroth J, Vihavainen E, Raya R, Vignolo G. Characterization of Leuconostoc strains isolated from fresh anchovy (Engraulis anchoita). J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2010; 56:175-80. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.56.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Luis Balcázar J, De Blas I, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Vendrell D, Dolores Evora M, Luis Múzquiz J. Growth inhibition ofAeromonasspecies by lactic acid bacteria isolated from salmonids. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600600761331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Balcázar
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza
| | - Ignacio De Blas
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza
| | - Imanol Ruiz-Zarzuela
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza
| | - Daniel Vendrell
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza
| | | | - José Luis Múzquiz
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza
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32
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Loch TP, Xu W, Fitzgerald SM, Faisal M. Isolation of a Carnobacterium maltaromaticum- like bacterium from systemically infected lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 288:76-84. [PMID: 18793198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report on the first isolation of a Carnobacterium maltaromaticum-like bacterium from kidneys and swim bladders of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) caught from Lakes Michigan and Huron, Michigan. Isolates were Gram-positive, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, asporogenous rods that did not produce catalase, cytochrome oxidase, or H2S, and did not grow on acetate agar. Except for carbohydrate fermentation, many phenotypic characteristics of lake whitefish isolates coincided with those of C. maltaromaticum, the causative agent of pseudokidney disease. Partial sequencing of 16S and 23S rRNA genes, as well as the piscicolin 126 precursor gene, yielded 97% and 98% nucleotide matches with C. maltaromaticum, respectively (accession numbers EU546836 and EU546837; EU643471). Phylogenetic analyses showed that lake whitefish isolates of this study are highly related, yet not fully identical to C. maltaromaticum. The presence of the C. maltaromaticum-like bacterium was associated with splenomegaly, renal and splenic congestion, and thickening of the swim bladder wall with accumulation of a mucoid exudate. Examination of stained tissue sections revealed renal and splenic congestion, vacuolation and bile stasis within the liver, and hyperplasia within the epithelial lining of the swim bladder. The concurrent presence of pathological changes and the C. maltaromaticum-like bacteria suggests that this bacterium is pathogenic to lake whitefish.
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Gatesoupe FJ. Updating the importance of lactic acid bacteria in fish farming: natural occurrence and probiotic treatments. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 14:107-14. [PMID: 17957117 DOI: 10.1159/000106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many recent papers have deepened the state of knowledge about lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fish gut. In spite of high variability in fish microbiota, LAB are sometimes abundant in the intestine, notably in freshwater fish. Several strains of Streptococcus are pathogenic to fish. Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcus garvieae are major fish pathogens, against which commercial vaccines are available. Fortunately, most LAB are harmless, and some strains have been reported for beneficial effects on fish health. A major step forward in recent years was the converging evidence that LAB can stimulate the immune system in fish. An open question is whether viability can affect immunostimulation. The issue is crucial to commercialize live probiotics rather than inactivated preparations or extracts. There has been a regain of interest in allochthonous strains used as probiotics for terrestrial animals or humans, due to economical and regulatory constraints, but the short survival in sea water may limit application to marine fish. If viability is required, alternative treatments may include the incorporation of prebiotics in feed, and other dietary manipulations that could promote intestinal LAB. Antagonism to pathogens is the other main feature of candidate probiotics, and there are many reports concerning mainly carnobacteria and Enterococcus. Some bacteriocins were characterized which may be of interest not only for aquaculture, but also for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Joël Gatesoupe
- INRA-Ifremer, Joint Research Unit for Fish Nutrition, Aquaculture and Genomics, Plouzané, France.
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34
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Vijayabaskar P, Somasundaram S. Isolation of Bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fish Gut and Probiotic Activity Against Common Fresh Water Fish Pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2008.124.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Leisner JJ, Laursen BG, Prévost H, Drider D, Dalgaard P. Carnobacterium: positive and negative effects in the environment and in foods. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2007; 31:592-613. [PMID: 17696886 PMCID: PMC2040187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Carnobacterium contains nine species, but only C. divergens and C. maltaromaticum are frequently isolated from natural environments and foods. They are tolerant to freezing/thawing and high pressure and able to grow at low temperatures, anaerobically and with increased CO2 concentrations. They metabolize arginine and various carbohydrates, including chitin, and this may improve their survival in the environment. Carnobacterium divergens and C. maltaromaticum have been extensively studied as protective cultures in order to inhibit growth of Listeria monocytogenes in fish and meat products. Several carnobacterial bacteriocins are known, and parameters that affect their production have been described. Currently, however, no isolates are commercially applied as protective cultures. Carnobacteria can spoil chilled foods, but spoilage activity shows intraspecies and interspecies variation. The responsible spoilage metabolites are not well characterized, but branched alcohols and aldehydes play a partial role. Their production of tyramine in foods is critical for susceptible individuals, but carnobacteria are not otherwise human pathogens. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum can be a fish pathogen, although carnobacteria are also suggested as probiotic cultures for use in aquaculture. Representative genome sequences are not yet available, but would be valuable to answer questions associated with fundamental and applied aspects of this important genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen J Leisner
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
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Calo-Mata P, Arlindo S, Boehme K, de Miguel T, Pascoal A, Barros-Velazquez J. Current Applications and Future Trends of Lactic Acid Bacteria and their Bacteriocins for the Biopreservation of Aquatic Food Products. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-007-0021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Panagou EZ, Tassou CC, Manitsa C, Mallidis C. Modelling the effect of high pressure on the inactivation kinetics of a pressure-resistant strain of Pediococcus damnosus in phosphate buffer and gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata). J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:1499-507. [PMID: 17578414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this research was to: (i) determine the inactivation pattern of a pressure-resistant strain of Pediococcus damnosus by high hydrostatic pressure in phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) and gilt-head seabream using the linear, biphasic and Weibull models; and (ii) validate the applicability of the Weibull model to predict survival curves at other experimental pressure levels. METHODS AND RESULTS A pressure-resistant strain of P. damnosus was exposed to a range of pressures (500, 550, 600 and 650 MPa) in phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) and gilt-head seabream for up to 8 min at ambient temperature (23 degrees C). Inactivation kinetics were described by the linear, biphasic and Weibull models. Increasing the magnitude of the pressure applied resulted in increasing levels of inactivation. Pronounced tailing effect was observed at pressures over 600 MPa. The Weibull and biphasic models consistently produced better fit than the linear model as inferred by the values of the root mean squared error, coefficient of determination (R2) and accuracy factor (A(f)). The scale factor (b) of the Weibull model was linearly correlated with pressure (P) treatment in the whole pressure range. Substituting the b parameter in the initial Weibull function and calculating the shape factor (n) by linear interpolation, high pressure (P) was directly incorporated into the model providing reasonable predictions of the survival curves at 570 and 630 MPa. Comparison between the survival curves in phosphate buffer and gilt-head seabream showed a clear protective effect of the food matrix on the resistance of the micro-organism, especially at 500 and 550 MPa. CONCLUSIONS The Weibull and biphasic models were more flexible to describe the survival curves of P. damnosus in the experimental pressure range, taking also into account the tailing effect that could not be included in the linear model. The Weibull model could also give reasonable predictions of the survival curves at other experimental pressures in both pressure menstrua. As the food matrix has a protective effect in microbial inactivation, the development of accurate mathematical models should be done directly on real food to avoid under- or over-processing times. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The development of accurate models to describe the survival curves of micro-organisms under high hydrostatic pressure treatment would be very important to the food industry for process optimisation, food safety and extension of the applicability of high pressure processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Z Panagou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, National Agricultural Research Foundation, Lycovrissi, Greece.
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Balcázar JL, de Blas I, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, Vendrell D, Gironés O, Muzquiz JL. Sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene for identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the intestinal microbiota of healthy salmonids. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 30:111-8. [PMID: 17239438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Thirteen LAB strains were isolated from the intestinal microbiota of healthy salmonids. A approximately 500-bp region of the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene was PCR-amplified and following this, a portion of the amplicon (272-bp) including the V1 and V2 variable regions was sequenced. The sequence containing both the V1 and V2 region provided strong evidence for the identification of LAB. The LAB strains were identified as Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The method described was found to be a very simple, rapid, specific, and low-cost tool for the identification of unknown strains of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Balcázar
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50013, Spain.
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Kim DH, Austin B. Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 21:513-24. [PMID: 16631379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum B26 and Carnobacterium divergens B33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri. Thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with B26 or B33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. Moreover, both cultures persisted in the gut for up to 3 weeks after administration. The cultures enhanced the cellular and humoral immune responses. Specifically, fish fed with B26 demonstrated significantly increased phagocytic activity of the head kidney macrophages, whereas the use of B33 led to significant increases in respiratory burst and serum lysozyme activity. Also, the gut mucosal lysozyme activity for fish fed with both cultures was statistically higher than the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
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Bucio A, Hartemink R, Schrama JW, Verreth J, Rombouts FM. Presence of lactobacilli in the intestinal content of freshwater fish from a river and from a farm with a recirculation system. Food Microbiol 2006; 23:476-82. [PMID: 16943040 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacilli are Gram-positive and catalase negative rods commonly found in lactic acid fermented foods and in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Few studies have described lactobacilli in freshwater fish. We analysed the presence of lactobacilli in the intestines of young and adult freshwater fish inhabiting a river environment and from fish reared in an aquaculture unit with a water recirculation system. Various species of lactobacilli were present in relatively high number in the intestines of edible fresh water fish from the river, especially in the warm season but in low numbers in the cold season. Lactobacilli were scarcely found in the intestines of edible farmed fish reared in a recirculation system in warm water. Lactobacilli are reported for the first time from the intestines of wild European eel, perch, rudd, ruffe, bleak, silver bream, chub, somnul and farmed African catfish. The two first fishes, and the last one are highly valuable species for fisheries and aquaculture. Additionally, improved methods for storage and bacteriological analysis of fish intestinal content are described. The natural presence of lactic acid bacteria in fish may be of great interest in producing fermented fish products worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Bucio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Development of the aerobic spoilage flora of chilled rabbit meat. Meat Sci 2005; 70:389-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2004] [Revised: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Laursen BG, Bay L, Cleenwerck I, Vancanneyt M, Swings J, Dalgaard P, Leisner JJ. Carnobacterium divergens and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum as spoilers or protective cultures in meat and seafood: phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 28:151-64. [PMID: 15830808 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carnobacterium, a genus of lactic acid bacteria, frequently dominate the microflora of chilled vacuum- or modified atmosphere-packed meat and seafood. In this study Carnobacterium isolates were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods in order to investigate the association of species and intra-species groups with distinct kinds of meat and seafood. Of 120 test strains, 50 originated from meat (beef and pork products, including 44 strains isolated during this study and 6 strains obtained from culture collections) and 52 from seafoods (cod, halibut, salmon, shrimps and roe products). In addition, 9 reference strains of Carnobacterium spp from other sources than meat and fish and 9 reference strains of lactic acid bacteria belonging to other genera than Carnobacterium were included. Numerical taxonomy relying on classical biochemical reactions, carbohydrate fermentation and inhibition tests (temperature, salt, pH, chemical preservatives, antibiotics, bacteriocins), SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of whole cell proteins, plasmid profiling, intergenic spacer region (ISR) analysis and examination of amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed to characterize the strains. The numerical taxonomic approach divided the carnobacteria strains into 24 groups that shared less than 89% similarity. These groups were identified as Carnobacterium divergens with one major cluster (40 strains) and 7 branches of one to four strains, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (previous C. piscicola) with one major cluster (37 strains) and 9 branches of one to four strains and Carnobacterium mobile (three branches consisting in total of 4 strains). Branches consisting of references strains of the remaining Carnobacterium spp. were separated from clusters and branches of C. divergens, C. maltaromaticum and C. mobile. Isolates from the main clusters of C. divergens and C. maltaromaticum were found both in fresh and lightly preserved meat and seafood products. High phenotypic intra-species variability was observed for C. divergens and C. maltaromaticum but despite this heterogeneity in phenotypic traits a reliable identification to species levels was obtained by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of whole cell proteins and by ISR based on 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region polymorphism. With AFLP, two distinct clusters were observed for C. divergens but only one for C. maltaromaticum. The two C. divergens clusters were not identical to any of the clusters observed by numerical taxonomy. A limited number of C. divergens and C. maltaromaticum isolates possessed a biopreservative potential due to their production of bacteriocins with a wide inhibition spectrum. This study serves as a base-line for further investigations on the potential role of species of Carnobacterium in foods where they predominate the spoilage microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Groth Laursen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg (Copenhagen), Denmark
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Ringø E, Schillinger U, Holzapfel W. Chapter 18 Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from aquatic animals and the use of lactic acid bacteria in aquaculture. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN GROWING ANIMALS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-1823(09)70051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Temmerman R, Huys G, Swings J. Identification of lactic acid bacteria: culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rodrigues M, Ho P, López-Caballero M, Vaz-Pires P, Nunes M. Characterization and identification of microflora from soaked cod and respective salted raw materials. Food Microbiol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0740-0020(02)00086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ringø E, Seppola M, Berg A, Olsen RE, Schillinger U, Holzapfel W. Characterization of Carnobacterium divergens strain 6251 isolated from intestine of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Syst Appl Microbiol 2002; 25:120-9. [PMID: 12086178 DOI: 10.1078/0723-2020-00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An atypical strain of Carnobacterium divergens, strain 6251, was isolated from the small intestine of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), fed high dietary carbohydrate. This strain showed marked growth inhibitory effects in vitro against the fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (furunculosis), Vibrio anguillarum (vibriosis) and Vibrio viscocus (winter ulcer). The strain is a non-motile Gram-positive psychrotrophic rod that lacks both catalase and oxidase, grows at pH 9.1 (CTAS agar), but not on acetate containing media (pH < or = 5.4), on TCBS or at < or =6% sodium chloride content. Strain 6251 is facultatively anaerobic and utilises tryptone as a sole source of nutrient. Further characterisation showed the most abundant cellular fatty acid of strain 6251 to be oleic acid (18:1) (n-9) (36.0%). Sequencing of a 16S rDNA region of 578 nucleotides and AFLP microbial fingerprinting suggested that strain 6251 is not closely related to any carnobacteria known, however, DNA-DNA similarity determinations showed high similarity (96.2%) with the type strain of Carnobacterium divergens. The unique phenotypic attributes of this strain represent new information on the biodiversity and ecology of carnobacteria and especially of the species C. divergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Ringø
- Department of Arctic Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Tromsø.
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