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Wang P, Wang Y, Peng H, Wang J, Zheng Q, Wang P, Wang J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Xiong L, Zhang R, Xia Y, Wang QK, Xu C. Functional rare variant in a C/EBP beta binding site in NINJ2 gene increases the risk of coronary artery disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25393-25407. [PMID: 34897030 PMCID: PMC8714150 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: NINJ2 regulates activation of vascular endothelial cells, and genome-wide association studies showed that variants in NINJ2 confer risk to stroke. However, whether variants in NINJ2 are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Methods: We genotyped rs34166160 in NINJ2 in two independent Chinese GeneID populations which included 2,794 CAD cases and 4,131 controls, and performed genetics association studies. Functional studies were also performed to reveal the mechanisms. Results: Allele rs34166160 significantly confers risk to CAD in the GeneID Hubei population which contained 1,440 CAD cases and 2,660 CAD-free controls (observed P-obs = 6.39 × 10−3 with an odds ratio (OR) was 3.39, adjusted P-adj = 8.12 × 10−3 with an OR of 3.10). The association was replicated in another population, GeneID Shandong population contained 1,354 CAD cases and 1,471 controls (P-obs = 3.33 × 10−3 with an OR of 3.14, P-adj = 0.01 with an OR of 2.74). After combining the two populations, the association was more significant (P-obs = 1.57 × 10−5 with an OR of 3.58, P-adj = 3.41 × 10−4 with an OR of 2.80). In addition, we found that rs34166160 was associated with the mRNA expression level of NINJ2 and the flanking region of rs34166160 can directly bind with transcriptional factor CCAAT-box/enhancer-binding protein beta, and the risk A allele has more transcription activity than non-risk C allele with or without LPS in HUVEC cells. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the functional rare variant rs34166160 in NINJ2 confers risk to CAD for the first time, and these findings further expand the range of the pathology of CAD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huixin Peng
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Qing K Wang
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Human Genome Research Center, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Ninjurin1 regulates striated muscle growth and differentiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216987. [PMID: 31091274 PMCID: PMC6519837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pressure overload due to aortic valve stenosis leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Hypertrophy is accompanied by an increase in myocyte surface area, which requires a proportional increase in the number of cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts to withstand enhanced workload. In a proteomic analysis we identified nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1), a 16kDa transmembrane cell-surface protein involved in cell adhesion and nerve repair, to be increased in hypertrophic hearts from patients with aortic stenosis. We hypothesised that Ninjurin1 is involved in myocyte hypertrophy. We analyzed cardiac biopsies from aortic-stenosis patients and control patients undergoing elective heart surgery. We studied cardiac hypertrophy in mice after transverse aortic constriction and angiotensin II infusions, and performed mechanistic analyses in cultured myocytes. We assessed the physiological role of ninjurin1 in zebrafish during heart and skeletal muscle development. Ninjurin1 was increased in hearts of aortic stenosis patients, compared to controls, as well as in hearts from mice with cardiac hypertrophy. Besides the 16kDa Ninjurin1 (Ninjurin1-16) we detected a 24kDa variant of Ninjurin1 (Ninjurin1-24), which was predominantly expressed during myocyte hypertrophy. We disclosed that the higher molecular weight of Ninjurin1-24 was caused by N-glycosylation. Ninjurin1-16 was contained in the cytoplasm of myocytes where it colocalized with stress-fibers. In contrast, Ninjurin1-24 was localized at myocyte membranes. Gain and loss-of-function experiments showed that Ninjurin1-24 plays a role in myocyte hypertrophy and myogenic differentiation in vitro. Reduced levels of ninjurin1 impaired cardiac and skeletal muscle development in zebrafish. We conclude that Ninjurin1 contributes to myocyte growth and differentiation, and that these effects are mainly mediated by N-glycosylated Ninjurin1-24.
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Bae SJ, Shin MW, Kim RH, Shin D, Son T, Wee HJ, Kim KW. Ninjurin1 Assembles Into a Homomeric Protein Complex Maintained by N-linked Glycosylation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2219-2230. [PMID: 28067406 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ninjurin1 (Ninj1) is a cell surface protein known as a homophilic adhesion molecule. Previous studies have shown a trans-interaction of Ninj1 between immune cells and endothelial cells; however, little is known about Ninj1 modification and structure in the cis-interaction. We showed that Ninj1 assembles into a homomeric complex via a cis-interaction mediated by the intracellular region and N-glycosylation at Asn60 . We identified cis-interaction between Ninj1 proteins using CFP- and YFP-tagged Ninj1 by Förster resonance energy transfer using a confocal microscope and fluorescence-activated cell sorter. We further observed the Ninj1 homomeric complexes composed of two to six monomeric Ninj1 molecules by a formaldehyde cross-linking assay. Co-immunoprecipitation assays with epitope-tagged truncated Ninj1 suggested that the intracellular region encompassing Leu101 -Ala110 participates in Ninj1 homomer assembly. Ninj1 N-glycosylation was characterized by treatment of tunicamycin and substitution of Asn to Gln or Ala. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based Förster resonance energy transfer assays further demonstrated that N-glycosylation is indispensable for the Ninj1 cis-interaction, and a formaldehyde cross-linking assay confirmed that interruption of N-glycosylation by Asn substitution disrupted Ninj1 homomeric complex formation. In silico analysis revealed that Ninj1 is highly conserved in vertebrates and that the conserved sequence contains an N-glycosylation motif and cis-interacting intracellular region, which participate in Ninj1 homomer assembly. Taken together, these data show that Ninj1 assembles into a homomeric protein complex and that N-glycosylation is a prerequisite for Ninj1 homomer assembly. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2219-2230, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Bae
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Min Wook Shin
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ran Hee Kim
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dongyoon Shin
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Wee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.,Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Korea
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Jang YS, Kang JH, Woo JK, Kim HM, Hwang JI, Lee SJ, Lee HY, Oh SH. Ninjurin1 suppresses metastatic property of lung cancer cells through inhibition of interleukin 6 signaling pathway. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:383-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Su Jang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
- National Cancer Center; Goyang-Si Gyeonggi-Do Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Woo
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- National Cancer Center; Goyang-Si Gyeonggi-Do Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Relationship between nerve injury-induced protein gene 2 polymorphism and stroke in Chinese Han population. J Biomed Res 2013; 25:287-91. [PMID: 23554703 PMCID: PMC3597068 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between nerve injury-induced protein 2 (NINJ2) gene polymorphism and stroke in Chinese Han population. Fifty-two patients with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) infarction, 85 patients with small-artery occlusion lacunar (SAO) infarction, 50 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 66 controls were included. Genotypes and alleles frequencies of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NINJ2 among different groups were analyzed and compared. In regard to rs12425791, the frequencies of the AG and AA+AG genotypes of the LAA and SAO groups were significantly higher than those in the control group; the frequency of the A allele of the SAO group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In regard to rs11833579, there were not any significant differences between the case and the control groups. The SNP rs12425791 is significantly associated with ischemic stroke, and the A allele increases the susceptibility to stroke. The SNP rs11833579 is not significantly associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Cardoso CC, Martinez AN, Guimarães PEM, Mendes CT, Pacheco AG, de Oliveira RB, Teles RMB, Illarramendi X, Sampaio EP, Sarno EN, Dias-Neto E, Moraes MO. Ninjurin 1 asp110ala single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with protection in leprosy nerve damage. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 190:131-8. [PMID: 17825431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is the major cause of non-traumatic neuropathy. Herein, we investigated the role of ninjurin 1, an adhesion molecule involved in nerve regeneration in leprosy. Our results demonstrated that M. leprae stimulates in vitro up-regulation of ninjurin mRNA in cultured Schwann and blood cells as well as in vivo mRNA and protein expression in leprosy nerve biopsies. A polymorphism (asp110ala) was investigated in a case-control study (1123 individuals) and no association was found with leprosy per se or with disseminated forms. Nevertheless, ala110 was associated with functional nerve impairment (OR=2.42; p=0.02 for ala/ala) and with lower mRNA levels. Our data suggests that asp110ala could be a valuable genetic marker of nerve damage in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Leprosy Laboratory, Mycobacterioses Department, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bose S, Morgan LJ, Booth DR, Goudie DR, Ferguson-Smith MA, Richards FM. The elusive multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (MSSE) gene: further mapping, analysis of candidates, and loss of heterozygosity. Oncogene 2006; 25:806-12. [PMID: 16170343 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The MSSE gene predisposes to multiple invasive but self-healing skin tumours (multiple self-healing epitheliomata). MSSE was previously mapped to chromosome 9q22-q31 and a shared haplotype in affected families suggested a founder mutation. We have refined the MSSE critical region (<1 cM, <1 Mb) between the zinc-finger gene ZNF169 and the Fanconi anaemia gene FANCC. By genetic mapping we have excluded ZNF169 and FANCC as well as PTCH (PATCHED) and TGFBR1 (transforming growth factor beta receptor type-1) genes. The CDC14B cell cycle phosphatase gene also lies in the region but screening of the complete coding region revealed no mutation in MSSE patients. Somatic cell hybrids created by haploid conversion of an MSSE patient's cells enabled screening of the MSSE chromosome 9 and showed no CDC14B deletion or mutation that abrogates CDC14B mRNA expression. Thus, CDC14B is unlikely to be the MSSE gene. We also report the first molecular analysis of MSSE tumours showing loss of heterozygosity of the MSSE region, with loss of the normal allele, providing the first evidence that MSSE is a tumour suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bose
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Reproductive and Child Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Toyama T, Sasaki Y, Horimoto M, Iyoda K, Yakushijin T, Ohkawa K, Takehara T, Kasahara A, Araki T, Hori M, Hayashi N. Ninjurin1 increases p21 expression and induces cellular senescence in human hepatoma cells. J Hepatol 2004; 41:637-43. [PMID: 15464245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ninjurin1 is a novel adhesion molecule that has a role in promoting nerve regeneration. Although ninjurin1 is ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues, including the liver, the biologic functions of ninjurin1 in tissues other than the nervous system remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of ninjurin1 in hepatocytes. METHODS The effect of ninjurin1 overexpression was examined in Huh-7 hepatoma cells. Ninjurin1 expression was examined by Western blot in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues as well as their adjacent liver tissues. RESULTS Ninjurin1-overexpressing clones exhibited strong growth inhibition due to G1 cell cycle arrest, which is associated with a posttranscriptional increase in p21WAF1/Cip1, a decrease of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity and the hypophosphorylation of Rb. The ninjurin1-overexpressing clones had increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity and autofluorescent pigment, characteristic features of cellular senescence. The levels of ninjurin1 expression were higher in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues than those in adjacent liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first evidence that ninjurin1 is able to induce the senescence program. Ninjurin1 may be involved in the regulation of cellular senescence in the liver during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Toyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Weinberg EO, Mirotsou M, Gannon J, Dzau VJ, Lee RT, Pratt RE. Sex dependence and temporal dependence of the left ventricular genomic response to pressure overload. Physiol Genomics 2003; 12:113-27. [PMID: 12454204 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00046.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize responses of the left ventricle (LV) to pressure overload at the genomic level, we performed high-density microarray analysis on individual mouse LVs. Male and female mice underwent transverse aortic constriction. At 1 day and 30 wk, the LV free wall was harvested and RNA isolated from 27 individual ventricles was analyzed on Mu74Av2 GeneChips, which contain approximately 12,483 distinct genes. Interestingly, a greater number of genes was regulated in response to acute overload than in response to chronic overload. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the presence of several distinct expression profiles. Of these clusters, the majority contained genes that were regulated either in response to acute overload or both acute and chronic overload. In addition, clusters revealing sex-specific responses to overload were detected. In summary, the acute and chronic genomic responses to pressure overload are distinct. Moreover, sex modifies these responses. Furthermore, these studies have uncovered several novel and potentially important genes that are regulated in response to overload and may open unrecognized avenues for further functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen O Weinberg
- Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Moon AR, Oh GT, Kim JW, Choi YJ, Choe IS. Genomic DNA sequence and transcription factor binding sites of mouse ninjurin. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 2001; 12:385-95. [PMID: 11913785 DOI: 10.3109/10425170109084463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomic DNA sequence of mouse ninjurin gene has been cloned and sequenced by screening a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of mouse 129/SvJ genomic DNA. The mouse ninjurin gene comprises four exons and the translatable sequences are included in the first three exons. The putative promoter region of the mouse ninjurin gene lacks the consensus "CAAT" or "TATA" sequence. Nonetheless, it has demonstrated the promoter activity in transient transfection experiment using the construct containing putative promoter sequence of mouse ninjurin and reporter gene. The nucleotide sequence of the putative promoter region shows 83% homology with the corresponding DNA sequence of human ninjurin gene that had been previously reported, and reveals a high degree of conservation between the two species. Analysis of the DNA sequence identified the putative promoters and the binding sites for a variety of transcription factors of mouse ninjurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Moon
- Bioscience Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Daejon
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11
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Mandich P, Bellone E, Di Maria E, Pigullo S, Pizzuti A, Schenone A, Soriani S, Varese A, Windebank AJ, Ajmar F. Exclusion of the ninjurin gene as a candidate for hereditary sensory neuropathies type I and type II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990423)83:5<409::aid-ajmg13>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blair IP, Hulme D, Dawkins JL, Nicholson GA. A YAC-based transcript map of human chromosome 9q22.1-q22.3 encompassing the loci for hereditary sensory neuropathy type I and multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma. Genomics 1998; 51:277-81. [PMID: 9722951 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (HSN-I) is an autosomal dominant peripheral neuropathy, involving sensory and motor neurons. The disease involves distal sensory loss, distal muscle wasting and weakness, and variable neural deafness. The HSN-I locus has been mapped to a 3- to 4-cM genetic interval on chromosome 9q22.1-q22.3. As part of a positional cloning effort to identify the HSN-I gene, we have generated a YAC based transcript map that spans approximately 8 Mb between D9S318 and D9S1786. This transcript map encompasses both the HSN-I critical interval and the locus for multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (MSSE, previously named ESS1). Forty two ESTs and six characterized genes have been localized across 10 YAC clones, within a framework of 19 genetic linkage markers. Three other characterized genes were localized immediately adjacent to this interval. We have accurately mapped two recently identified genes: NINJ1 was anchored to D9S12II, and the localization of the NOR1 gene was significantly refined. We have also investigated NOR1 and several other characterized genes that localize to chromosome 9q22 for a pathogenic role in HSN-I. This map provides candidate genes for HSN-I and MSSE and is an important step toward completing a functional map of this gene-rich interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Blair
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
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