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Onuchic LF, Furu L, Nagasawa Y, Hou X, Eggermann T, Ren Z, Bergmann C, Senderek J, Esquivel E, Zeltner R, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Mrug M, Sweeney W, Avner ED, Zerres K, Guay-Woodford LM, Somlo S, Germino GG. PKHD1, the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 gene, encodes a novel large protein containing multiple immunoglobulin-like plexin-transcription-factor domains and parallel beta-helix 1 repeats. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:1305-17. [PMID: 11898128 PMCID: PMC447605 DOI: 10.1086/340448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2002] [Accepted: 02/27/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a severe form of polycystic kidney disease that presents primarily in infancy and childhood and that is characterized by enlarged kidneys and congenital hepatic fibrosis. We have identified PKHD1, the gene mutated in ARPKD. PKHD1 extends over > or =469 kb, is primarily expressed in human fetal and adult kidney, and includes a minimum of 86 exons that are variably assembled into a number of alternatively spliced transcripts. The longest continuous open reading frame encodes a 4,074-amino-acid protein, polyductin, that is predicted to have a single transmembrane (TM)-spanning domain near its carboxyl terminus, immunoglobulin-like plexin-transcription-factor domains, and parallel beta-helix 1 repeats in its amino terminus. Several transcripts encode truncated products that lack the TM and that may be secreted if translated. The PKHD1-gene products are members of a novel class of proteins that share structural features with hepatocyte growth-factor receptor and plexins and that belong to a superfamily of proteins involved in regulation of cell proliferation and of cellular adhesion and repulsion.
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MESH Headings
- Age of Onset
- Alternative Splicing/genetics
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Base Sequence
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Fetus/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/chemistry
- Kidney/metabolism
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry
- Pedigree
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive/epidemiology
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive/genetics
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F. Onuchic
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Laszlo Furu
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Yasuyuki Nagasawa
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Zhiyong Ren
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Jan Senderek
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Ernie Esquivel
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Raoul Zeltner
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Michael Mrug
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - William Sweeney
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Ellis D. Avner
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Lisa M. Guay-Woodford
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Gregory G. Germino
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Institute for Human Genetics, Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
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